[libc++][hardening] Classify assertions related to leaks and syscalls. (#77164)

Introduce two new categories:
- `_LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_DEALLOCATION`;
- `_LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_EXTERNAL_API_CALL`.
diff --git a/libcxx/src/memory_resource.cpp b/libcxx/src/memory_resource.cpp
index 42c3668..2117238 100644
--- a/libcxx/src/memory_resource.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/src/memory_resource.cpp
@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@
         return;
       }
     }
-    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(false, "deallocating a block that was not allocated with this allocator");
+    // The request to deallocate memory ends up being a no-op, likely resulting in a memory leak.
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_DEALLOCATION(false, "deallocating a block that was not allocated with this allocator");
   }
 }