Installing Geospatial libraries¶
GeoDjango uses and/or provides interfaces for the following open source geospatial libraries:
프로그램 |
설명 |
필요한 |
지원되는 버전들 |
|---|---|---|---|
Geometry Engine Open Source |
예 |
3.12, 3.11, 3.10, 3.9, 3.8 |
|
Cartographic Projections library |
예 (PostgreSQL 과 SQLite 만) |
9.x, 8.x, 7.x, 6.x |
|
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library |
예 |
3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3.0 |
|
IP-based geolocation library |
아니오 |
2 |
|
Spatial extensions for PostgreSQL |
예 (PostgreSQL 만) |
3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3.0 |
|
Spatial extensions for SQLite |
예 (SQLite 만) |
5.1, 5.0, 4.3 |
Note that older or more recent versions of these libraries may also work totally fine with GeoDjango. Your mileage may vary.
참고
The GeoDjango interfaces to GEOS, GDAL, and GeoIP may be used
independently of Django. In other words, no database or settings file
required – import them as normal from django.contrib.gis.
On Debian/Ubuntu, you are advised to install the following packages which will install, directly or by dependency, the required geospatial libraries:
$ sudo apt-get install binutils libproj-dev gdal-bin
Please also consult platform-specific instructions if you are on macOS or Windows.
Building from source¶
When installing from source on UNIX and GNU/Linux systems, please follow the installation instructions carefully, and install the libraries in the given order. If using MySQL or Oracle as the spatial database, only GEOS is required.
참고
On Linux platforms, it may be necessary to run the ldconfig command
after installing each library. For example:
$ sudo make install
$ sudo ldconfig
참고
macOS users must install Xcode in order to compile software from source.
GEOS¶
GEOS is a C++ library for performing geometric operations, and is the default
internal geometry representation used by GeoDjango (it’s behind the “lazy”
geometries). Specifically, the C API library is called (e.g., libgeos_c.so)
directly from Python using ctypes.
First, download GEOS from the GEOS website and untar the source archive:
$ wget https://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2
$ tar xjf geos-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2
Then step into the GEOS directory, create a build folder, and step into
it:
$ cd geos-X.Y.Z
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
Then build and install the package:
$ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
$ cmake --build .
$ sudo cmake --build . --target install
문제해결¶
GEOS 라이브러리를 찾을 수 없습니다¶
GeoDjango가 GEOS를 찾을 수 없을때, 이 에러가 발생합니다:
ImportError: Could not find the GEOS library (tried "geos_c"). Try setting GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.
The most common solution is to properly configure your Library environment settings or set GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.
If using a binary package of GEOS (e.g., on Ubuntu), you may need to Install binutils.
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH¶
If your GEOS library is in a non-standard location, or you don’t want to
modify the system’s library path then the GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH
setting may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to the
GEOS C library. For example:
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/bob/local/lib/libgeos_c.so'
참고
The setting must be the full path to the C shared library; in
other words you want to use libgeos_c.so, not libgeos.so.
PROJ¶
PROJ is a library for converting geospatial data to different coordinate reference systems.
First, download the PROJ source code:
$ wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
… and datum shifting files (download proj-datumgrid-X.Y.tar.gz for
PROJ < 7.x) [1]:
$ wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-data-X.Y.tar.gz
Next, untar the source code archive, and extract the datum shifting files in the
data subdirectory. This must be done prior to configuration:
$ tar xzf proj-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
$ cd proj-X.Y.Z/data
$ tar xzf ../../proj-data-X.Y.tar.gz
$ cd ../..
For PROJ 9.x and greater, releases only support builds using CMake (see
PROJ RFC-7).
To build with CMake ensure your system meets the build requirements.
Then create a build folder in the PROJ directory, and step into it:
$ cd proj-X.Y.Z
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
Finally, configure, make and install PROJ:
$ cmake ..
$ cmake --build .
$ sudo cmake --build . --target install
GDAL¶
GDAL is an excellent open source geospatial library that has support for reading most vector and raster spatial data formats. Currently, GeoDjango only supports GDAL’s vector data capabilities [2]. GEOS and PROJ should be installed prior to building GDAL.
First download the latest GDAL release version and untar the archive:
$ wget https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/X.Y.Z/gdal-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
$ tar xzf gdal-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
For GDAL 3.6.x and greater, releases only support builds using CMake. To
build with CMake create a build folder in the GDAL directory, and step
into it:
$ cd gdal-X.Y.Z
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
Finally, configure, make and install GDAL:
$ cmake ..
$ cmake --build .
$ sudo cmake --build . --target install
만약 문제를 겪고 있다면, 제안과 해결법을 위해 아래의 troubleshooting 항목을 봐주십시오.
문제해결¶
Can’t find GDAL library¶
When GeoDjango can’t find the GDAL library, configure your Library environment settings or set GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.
GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH¶
If your GDAL library is in a non-standard location, or you don’t want to
modify the system’s library path then the GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH
setting may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to
the GDAL library. For example:
GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/sue/local/lib/libgdal.so'
Footnotes
