Specific Admonitions

Admonitions are specially marked "topics" that can appear anywhere an ordinary body element can. They contain arbitrary body elements. Typically, an admonition is rendered as an offset block in a document, sometimes outlined or shaded, with a title matching the admonition type. For example:

.. DANGER::
   Beware killer rabbits!

This directive might be rendered something like this:

+------------------------+
|        !DANGER!        |
|                        |
| Beware killer rabbits! |
+------------------------+

The following admonition directives have been implemented:

• attention
• caution
• danger
• error
• hint
• important
• note
• tip
• warning

Any text immediately following the directive indicator (on the same line and/or indented on following lines) is interpreted as a directive block and is parsed for normal body elements. For example, the following "note" admonition directive contains one paragraph and a bullet list consisting of two list items:

.. note:: This is a note admonition.
   This is the second line of the first paragraph.

   - The note contains all indented body elements
     following.
   - It includes this bullet list.

Generic Admonition

This is a generic, titled admonition. The title may be anything the author desires.

The author-supplied title is also used as a "classes" attribute value after being converted into a valid identifier form (down-cased; non-alphanumeric characters converted to single hyphens; "admonition-" prefixed). For example, this admonition:

.. admonition:: And, by the way...

   You can make up your own admonition too.

becomes the following document tree (pseudo-XML):

<document source="test data">
    <admonition classes="admonition-and-by-the-way">
        <title>
            And, by the way...
        <paragraph>
            You can make up your own admonition too.

The following option is recognized:

class : text

Override the computed "classes" attribute value. See the class directive below.

Image

An "image" is a simple picture:

.. image:: picture.png

The URI for the image source file is specified in the directive argument. As with hyperlink targets, the image URI may begin on the same line as the explicit markup start and target name, or it may begin in an indented text block immediately following, with no intervening blank lines. If there are multiple lines in the link block, they are stripped of leading and trailing whitespace and joined together.

Optionally, the image link block may contain a flat field list, the image options. For example:

.. image:: picture.jpeg
   :height: 100
   :width: 200
   :scale: 50
   :alt: alternate text
   :align: right

The following options are recognized:

alt : text

Alternate text: a short description of the image, displayed by applications that cannot display images, or spoken by applications for visually impaired users.

height : integer

The height of the image in pixels, used to reserve space or scale the image vertically.

width : integer

The width of the image in pixels, used to reserve space or scale the image horizontally.

scale : integer

The uniform scaling factor of the image, a percentage (but no "%" symbol is required or allowed). "100" means full-size.

align : "top", "middle", "bottom", "left", "center", or "right"

The alignment of the image, equivalent to the HTML <img> tag's "align" attribute. The values "top", "middle", and "bottom" control an image's vertical alignment (relative to the text baseline); they are only useful for inline images (substitutions). The values "left", "center", and "right" control an image's horizontal alignment, allowing the image to float and have the text flow around it. The specific behavior depends upon the browser or rendering software used.

target : text (URI or reference name)

Makes the image into a hyperlink reference ("clickable"). The option argument may be a URI (relative or absolute), or a reference name with underscore suffix (e.g. name_).

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the image element. See the class directive below.

usemap : text

Specifies the name of a map to be used with HTML's <usemap> tag so that clicking on the image can traverse a URI.

Figure

A "figure" consists of image data (including image options), an optional caption (a single paragraph), and an optional legend (arbitrary body elements):

.. figure:: picture.png
   :scale: 50
   :alt: map to buried treasure

   This is the caption of the figure (a simple paragraph).

   The legend consists of all elements after the caption.  In this
   case, the legend consists of this paragraph and the following
   table:

   +-----------------------+-----------------------+
   | Symbol                | Meaning               |
   +=======================+=======================+
   | .. image:: tent.png   | Campground            |
   +-----------------------+-----------------------+
   | .. image:: waves.png  | Lake                  |
   +-----------------------+-----------------------+
   | .. image:: peak.png   | Mountain              |
   +-----------------------+-----------------------+

There must be blank lines before the caption paragraph and before the legend. To specify a legend without a caption, use an empty comment ("..") in place of the caption.

The "figure" directive supports all of the options of the "image" directive (see image options above). In addition, the following options are recognized:

figwidth : integer or "image"

The width of the figure in pixels, to limit the horizontal space used. A special value of "image" is allowed, in which case the included image's actual width is used (requires PIL [1]). If the image file is not found or the required software is unavailable, this option is ignored.

Sets the "width" attribute of the "figure" doctree element.

This option does not scale the included image; use the "width" image option for that.

+---------------------------+
|        figure             |
|                           |
|<------ figwidth --------->|
|                           |
|  +---------------------+  |
|  |     image           |  |
|  |                     |  |
|  |<--- width --------->|  |
|  +---------------------+  |
|                           |
|The figure's caption should|
|wrap at this width.        |
+---------------------------+

figclass : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the figure element. See the class directive below.

align : "left", "center", or "right"

The horizontal alignment of the figure, allowing the image to float and have the text flow around it. The specific behavior depends upon the browser or rendering software used.

Topic

A topic is like a block quote with a title, or a self-contained section with no subsections. Use the "topic" directive to indicate a self-contained idea that is separate from the flow of the document. Topics may occur anywhere a section or transition may occur. Body elements and topics may not contain nested topics.

The directive's sole argument is interpreted as the topic title; the next line must be blank. All subsequent lines make up the topic body, interpreted as body elements. For example:

.. topic:: Topic Title

    Subsequent indented lines comprise
    the body of the topic, and are
    interpreted as body elements.

The following option is recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the topic element. See the class directive below.

Sidebar

Sidebars are like miniature, parallel documents that occur inside other documents, providing related or reference material. A sidebar is typically offset by a border and "floats" to the side of the page; the document's main text may flow around it. Sidebars can also be likened to super-footnotes; their content is outside of the flow of the document's main text.

Sidebars may occur anywhere a section or transition may occur. Body elements (including sidebars) may not contain nested sidebars.

The directive's sole argument is interpreted as the sidebar title, which may be followed by a subtitle option (see below); the next line must be blank. All subsequent lines make up the sidebar body, interpreted as body elements. For example:

.. sidebar:: Sidebar Title
   :subtitle: Optional Sidebar Subtitle

   Subsequent indented lines comprise
   the body of the sidebar, and are
   interpreted as body elements.

The following options are recognized:

subtitle : text

The sidebar's subtitle.

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the sidebar element. See the class directive below.

Line Block

The "line-block" directive constructs an element where line breaks and initial indentation is significant and inline markup is supported. It is equivalent to a parsed literal block with different rendering: typically in an ordinary serif typeface instead of a typewriter/monospaced face, and not automatically indented. (Have the line-block directive begin a block quote to get an indented line block.) Line blocks are useful for address blocks and verse (poetry, song lyrics), where the structure of lines is significant. For example, here's a classic:

"To Ma Own Beloved Lassie: A Poem on her 17th Birthday", by
Ewan McTeagle (for Lassie O'Shea):

    .. line-block::

        Lend us a couple of bob till Thursday.
        I'm absolutely skint.
        But I'm expecting a postal order and I can pay you back
            as soon as it comes.
        Love, Ewan.

The following option is recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the line_block element. See the class directive below.

Parsed Literal Block

Unlike an ordinary literal block, the "parsed-literal" directive constructs a literal block where the text is parsed for inline markup. It is equivalent to a line block with different rendering: typically in a typewriter/monospaced typeface, like an ordinary literal block. Parsed literal blocks are useful for adding hyperlinks to code examples.

However, care must be taken with the text, because inline markup is recognized and there is no protection from parsing. Backslash-escapes may be necessary to prevent unintended parsing. And because the markup characters are removed by the parser, care must also be taken with vertical alignment. Parsed "ASCII art" is tricky, and extra whitespace may be necessary.

For example, all the element names in this content model are links:

.. parsed-literal::

   ( (title_, subtitle_?)?,
     decoration_?,
     (docinfo_, transition_?)?,
     `%structure.model;`_ )

The following option is recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the literal_block element. See the class directive below.

Rubric

rubric n. 1. a title, heading, or the like, in a manuscript, book, statute, etc., written or printed in red or otherwise distinguished from the rest of the text. ...

—Random House Webster's College Dictionary, 1991

The "rubric" directive inserts a "rubric" element into the document tree. A rubric is like an informal heading that doesn't correspond to the document's structure.

The following option is recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the rubric element. See the class directive below.

Compound Paragraph

(New in Docutils 0.3.6)

The "compound" directive is used to create a compound paragraph, which is a single logical paragraph containing multiple physical body elements such as simple paragraphs, literal blocks, tables, lists, etc., instead of directly containing text and inline elements. For example:

.. compound::

   The 'rm' command is very dangerous.  If you are logged
   in as root and enter ::

       cd /
       rm -rf *

   you will erase the entire contents of your file system.

In the example above, a literal block is "embedded" within a sentence that begins in one physical paragraph and ends in another.

Compound paragraphs are typically rendered as multiple distinct text blocks, with the possibility of variations to emphasize their logical unity:

• If paragraphs are rendered with a first-line indent, only the first physical paragraph of a compound paragraph should have that indent -- second and further physical paragraphs should omit the indents;
• vertical spacing between physical elements may be reduced;
• and so on.

The following option is recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the compound element. See the class directive below.

Mathematical Equations

This directive is used to create mathematical markup from ASCIIMathML. Unlike the mathml and ascii-mathml roles, which produce inline-style mathematical markup, the directive produces display-style markup unless it is used in a substitution definition, in which case it also defaults to inline-style markup. However, the style can be overridden by means of the directive options.

The following options are recognized:

label : name

Specifies to attach a label to a mathml equation that becomes a substitution definition of name annotated with the equation number.

mstyle : field list text

The field list gives a set of key/value pairs for the mstyle attribute of the generated mathml markup. For example, the following directive would not use display style and would have the math equation in green:

.. ascii-mathml:: E = mc^2
   :mstyle:
       :displaystyle: false
       :mathcolor:    green

Container

(New in Docutils 0.3.10)

The "container" directive surrounds its contents (arbitrary body elements) with a generic block-level "container" element. Combined with the optional "class" attribute argument(s), this is an extension mechanism for users & applications. For example:

.. container:: custom

   This paragraph might be rendered in a custom way.

Parsing the above results in the following pseudo-XML:

<container classes="custom">
    <paragraph>
        This paragraph might be rendered in a custom way.

The "container" directive is the equivalent of HTML's <div> element. It may be used to group a sequence of elements for user- or application-specific purposes.

Table

(New in Docutils 0.3.1)

The "table" directive is used to create a titled table, to associate a title with a table:

.. table:: Truth table for "not"

   =====  =====
     A    not A
   =====  =====
   False  True
   True   False
   =====  =====

The following option is recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the table element. See the class directive below.

CSV Table

(New in Docutils 0.3.4)

The "csv-table" directive is used to create a table from CSV (comma-separated values) data. CSV is a common data format generated by spreadsheet applications and commercial databases. The data may be internal (an integral part of the document) or external (a separate file).

Example:

.. csv-table:: Frozen Delights!
   :header: "Treat", "Quantity", "Description"
   :widths: 15, 10, 30

   "Albatross", 2.99, "On a stick!"
   "Crunchy Frog", 1.49, "If we took the bones out, it wouldn't be
   crunchy, now would it?"
   "Gannet Ripple", 1.99, "On a stick!"

Block markup and inline markup within cells is supported. Line ends are recognized within cells.

Working limitations:

• Whitespace delimiters are supported only for external CSV files.
• There is no support for checking that the number of columns in each row is the same. However, this directive supports CSV generators that do not insert "empty" entries at the end of short rows, by automatically adding empty entries.

The following options are recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the table element. See the class directive below.

widths : integer [, integer...]

A comma- or space-separated list of relative column widths. The default is equal-width columns (100%/#columns).

header-rows : integer

The number of rows of CSV data to use in the table header. Defaults to 0.

stub-columns : integer

The number of table columns to use as stubs (row titles, on the left). Defaults to 0.

header : CSV data

Supplemental data for the table header, added independently of and before any header-rows from the main CSV data. Must use the same CSV format as the main CSV data.

file : string (newlines removed)

The local filesystem path to a CSV data file.

url : string (whitespace removed)

An Internet URL reference to a CSV data file.

encoding : name of text encoding

The text encoding of the external CSV data (file or URL). Defaults to the document's encoding (if specified).

delim : char | "tab" | "space"

A one-character string used to separate fields. Defaults to , (comma). May be specified as a Unicode code point; see the unicode directive for syntax details.

quote : char

A one-character string used to quote elements containing the delimiter or which start with the quote character. Defaults to " (quote). May be specified as a Unicode code point; see the unicode directive for syntax details.

keepspace : flag

Treat whitespace immediately following the delimiter as significant. The default is to ignore such whitespace.

escape : char

A one-character string used to escape the delimiter or quote characters. May be specified as a Unicode code point; see the unicode directive for syntax details. Used when the delimiter is used in an unquoted field, or when quote characters are used within a field. The default is to double-up the character, e.g. "He said, ""Hi!"""

List Table

(New in Docutils 0.3.8. This is an initial implementation; further ideas may be implemented in the future.)

The "list-table" directive is used to create a table from data in a uniform two-level bullet list. "Uniform" means that each sublist (second-level list) must contain the same number of list items.

Example:

.. list-table:: Frozen Delights!
   :widths: 15 10 30
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Treat
     - Quantity
     - Description
   * - Albatross
     - 2.99
     - On a stick!
   * - Crunchy Frog
     - 1.49
     - If we took the bones out, it wouldn't be
       crunchy, now would it?
   * - Gannet Ripple
     - 1.99
     - On a stick!

The following options are recognized:

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the table element. See the class directive below.

widths : integer [integer...]

A comma- or space-separated list of relative column widths. The default is equal-width columns (100%/#columns).

header-rows : integer

The number of rows of list data to use in the table header. Defaults to 0.

stub-columns : integer

The number of table columns to use as stubs (row titles, on the left). Defaults to 0.

Table of Contents

The "contents" directive generates a table of contents (TOC) in a topic. Topics, and therefore tables of contents, may occur anywhere a section or transition may occur. Body elements and topics may not contain tables of contents.

Here's the directive in its simplest form:

.. contents::

Language-dependent boilerplate text will be used for the title. The English default title text is "Contents".

An explicit title may be specified:

.. contents:: Table of Contents

The title may span lines, although it is not recommended:

.. contents:: Here's a very long Table of
   Contents title

Options may be specified for the directive, using a field list:

.. contents:: Table of Contents
   :depth: 2

If the default title is to be used, the options field list may begin on the same line as the directive marker:

.. contents:: :depth: 2

The following options are recognized:

depth : integer

The number of section levels that are collected in the table of contents. The default is unlimited depth.

local : flag (empty)

Generate a local table of contents. Entries will only include subsections of the section in which the directive is given. If no explicit title is given, the table of contents will not be titled.

backlinks : "entry" or "top" or "none"

Generate links from section headers back to the table of contents entries, the table of contents itself, or generate no backlinks.

class : text

Set a "classes" attribute value on the topic element. See the class directive below.

Automatic Section Numbering

The "sectnum" (or "section-autonumbering") directive automatically numbers sections and subsections in a document. Section numbers are of the "multiple enumeration" form, where each level has a number, separated by periods. For example, the title of section 1, subsection 2, subsubsection 3 would have "1.2.3" prefixed.

The "sectnum" directive does its work in two passes: the initial parse and a transform. During the initial parse, a "pending" element is generated which acts as a placeholder, storing any options internally. At a later stage in the processing, the "pending" element triggers a transform, which adds section numbers to titles. Section numbers are enclosed in a "generated" element, and titles have their "auto" attribute set to "1".

The following options are recognized:

depth : integer

The number of section levels that are numbered by this directive. The default is unlimited depth.

format : string

A space-separated list of number formats to use for each level of hierarchy, where each of the number formats contains one of the following:

i

Lowercase Roman numerals

I

Uppercase Roman numerals

a

Lowercase alphabetic

A

Uppercase alphabetic

1

Arabic numeral

Any missing format item defaults to 1. For example, the string I A (i) formats top-level section numbers using uppercase Roman numerals, the second level using uppercase alphabetic, the third using lowercase Roman numerals in parentheses and the rest using Arabic numerals.

prefix : string

An arbitrary string that is prefixed to the automatically generated section numbers. It may be something like "3.2.", which will produce "3.2.1", "3.2.2", "3.2.2.1", and so on. Note that any separating punctuation (in the example, a period, ".") must be explicitly provided. The default is no prefix.

prefix-title : flag

Specifies whether a prefix should also be appended to the title for the document.

suffix : string

An arbitrary string that is appended to the automatically generated section numbers. The default is no suffix.

start : integer

The value that will be used for the first section number. Combined with prefix, this may be used to force the right numbering for a document split over several source files. The default is 1.

Document Header & Footer

(New in Docutils 0.3.8)

The "header" and "footer" directives create document decorations, useful for page navigation, notes, time/datestamp, etc. For example:

.. header:: This space for rent.

This will add a paragraph to the document header, which will appear at the top of the generated web page or at the top of every printed page.

These directives may be used multiple times, cumulatively. There is currently support for only one header and footer.

In addition to the use of these directives to populate header and footer content, content may also be added automatically by the processing system. For example, if certain runtime settings are enabled, the document footer is populated with processing information such as a datestamp, a link to the Docutils website, etc.

Target Footnotes

The "target-notes" directive creates a footnote for each external target in the text, and corresponding footnote references after each reference. For every explicit target (of the form, .. _target name: URL) in the text, a footnote will be generated containing the visible URL as content.

Footnotes

NOT IMPLEMENTED YET

@@@

Citations

NOT IMPLEMENTED YET

@@@

Meta

The "meta" directive is used to specify HTML metadata stored in HTML META tags. "Metadata" is data about data, in this case data about web pages. Metadata is used to describe and classify web pages in the World Wide Web, in a form that is easy for search engines to extract and collate.

Within the directive block, a flat field list provides the syntax for metadata. The field name becomes the contents of the "name" attribute of the META tag, and the field body (interpreted as a single string without inline markup) becomes the contents of the "content" attribute. For example:

.. meta::
   :description: The reStructuredText plaintext markup language
   :keywords: plaintext, markup language

This would be converted to the following HTML:

<meta name="description"
    content="The reStructuredText plaintext markup language">
<meta name="keywords" content="plaintext, markup language">

Support for other META attributes ("http-equiv", "scheme", "lang", "dir") are provided through field arguments, which must be of the form "attr=value":

.. meta::
   :description lang=en: An amusing story
   :description lang=fr: Un histoire amusant

And their HTML equivalents:

<meta name="description" lang="en" content="An amusing story">
<meta name="description" lang="fr" content="Un histoire amusant">

Some META tags use an "http-equiv" attribute instead of the "name" attribute. To specify "http-equiv" META tags, simply omit the name:

.. meta::
   :http-equiv=Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

HTML equivalent:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
     content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

Imagemap

NOT IMPLEMENTED YET

Non-standard element: imagemap.

Replacement Text

The "replace" directive is used to indicate replacement text for a substitution reference. It may be used within substitution definitions only. For example, this directive can be used to expand abbreviations:

.. |reST| replace:: reStructuredText

Yes, |reST| is a long word, so I can't blame anyone for wanting to
abbreviate it.

As reStructuredText doesn't support nested inline markup, the only way to create a reference with styled text is to use substitutions with the "replace" directive:

I recommend you try |Python|_.

.. |Python| replace:: Python, *the* best language around
.. _Python: http://www.python.org/

Unicode Character Codes

The "unicode" directive converts Unicode character codes (numerical values) to characters, and may be used in substitution definitions only.

The arguments, separated by spaces, can be:

• character codes as
  • decimal numbers or
  • hexadecimal numbers, prefixed by 0x, x, \x, U+, u, or \u or as XML-style hexadecimal character entities, e.g. ᨫ
• text, which is used as-is.

Text following " .. " is a comment and is ignored. The spaces between the arguments are ignored and thus do not appear in the output. Hexadecimal codes are case-insensitive.

For example, the following text:

Copyright |copy| 2003, |BogusMegaCorp (TM)| |---|
all rights reserved.

.. |copy| unicode:: 0xA9 .. copyright sign
.. |BogusMegaCorp (TM)| unicode:: BogusMegaCorp U+2122
   .. with trademark sign
.. |---| unicode:: U+02014 .. em dash
   :trim:

results in:

Copyright © 2003, BogusMegaCorp™—all rights reserved.

The following options are recognized:

ltrim : flag

Whitespace to the left of the substitution reference is removed.

rtrim : flag

Whitespace to the right of the substitution reference is removed.

trim : flag

Equivalent to ltrim plus rtrim; whitespace on both sides of the substitution reference is removed.

If

The "if" directive executes its argument as a Perl expression. If the Perl expression evaluates to true, then the directive's content is parsed as reStructuredText input and included in the document. If the Perl expression evaluates to false, then the content of the directive is omitted. This behavior can be useful for putting comments in a reStructuredText document that should not be propagated to the output as comments.

The "if" directive defines the following global variables:

$SOURCE

The name of the source file containing the perl directive.

$LINENO

The line number of the perl directive within $SOURCE.

TOP_FILE

The top-level file being processed.

@INCLUDES

Array of reference to array of [file name, line number] pairs that have included the current file.

$opt_<x> or $opt{x}

The <x> option from the command line.

The "if" directive processes the following define:

-D perl='perl-code'

Specifies some perl code that is executed prior to evaluating the first perl directive. This option can be used to specify variables on the command line; for example:

-D perl='$a=1; $b=2'

defines constants $a and $b that can be used in the perl expression.

Perl

The "perl" directive executes perl code and interpolates whatever is returned by the execution. The perl code can be placed either in the arguments or the contents section (or both).

The "perl" directive defines the following global variables:

$SOURCE

The name of the source file containing the perl directive.

$LINENO

The line number of the perl directive within $SOURCE.

$DIRECTIVE

The literal text of the perl directive.

$SUBSTITUTION

The name of a substitution definition being defined by the perl directive, or undefined if not within a substitution definition

@INCLUDES

Array of reference to array of [file name, line number] pairs that have included the current file.

$opt_<x> or $opt{x}

The <x> option from the command line. Changing one of these variables has no effect upon the parser. However, you can effectively set the -D x=y option, possibly affecting subsequent parsing, by assigning y to $PARSER->{opt}{D}{x}.

$PARSER

The Text::Restructured parser object to allow text parsing within a perl directive.

$TOP_FILE

The top-level file being processed.

$VERSION

The version of prest.

The following defines are processed by the "perl" directive:

-D perl='perl-code'

Specifies some perl code that is executed prior to evaluating the first perl directive. This option can be used to specify variables on the command line; for example:

-D perl='$a=1; $b=2'

defines constants $a and $b that can be used in a perl block.

The following options are recognized:

file : string

Uses the text from the file represented by the string. Both arguments and contents must be empty if :file: is used.

literal : flag (empty)

The entire returned text is inserted into the document as a single literal block (useful for debugging). If this option is not present, the return value is interpreted based on its type. If you return a text string, the text is interpreted as reStructuredText and is parsed again. If you return an internal DOM object (or list of them), the object is included directly into the parsed DOM structure. (This latter option requires knowledge of trip internals, but is the only way to create a pending DOM object for execution at transformation time rather than parse time.)

lenient : flag (empty)

Any errors encountered are returned as text instead of causing a system message to be generated.

System

The "system" directive executes its arguments as a system (shell) command and interpolates whatever is returned by the execution.

The following options are recognized:

literal : flag (empty)

The entire returned text is inserted into the document as a single literal block (useful for debugging).

lenient : flag (empty)

Any errors encountered are returned as text instead of causing a system message to be generated.

Including an External Document Fragment

The "include" directive reads a reStructuredText-formatted text file and parses it in the current document's context at the point of the directive. The directive argument is the path to the file to be included, relative to the document containing the directive. For example:

This first example will be parsed at the document level, and can
thus contain any construct, including section headers.

.. include:: inclusion.txt

Back in the main document.

    This second example will be parsed in a block quote context.
    Therefore it may only contain body elements.  It may not
    contain section headers.

    .. include:: inclusion.txt

If an included document fragment contains section structure, the title adornments must match those of the master document.

The following options are recognized:

literal : flag (empty)

The entire included text is inserted into the document as a single literal block (useful for program listings).

encoding : name of text encoding

The text encoding of the external data file. Defaults to the document's encoding (if specified).

Including a Marked-Up Code Block

The "code-block" directive formats a block of text as a code block. This directive depends upon the availability of the "states" program, part of the Unix "enscript" suite, to mark up the code; otherwise the code block will be returned as a simple literal block. The argument is optional and specifies the source language of the code block. If the code block is read from a file, the language will usually default correctly. The following language specifications are recognized:

ada asm awk c changelog cpp elisp fortran generic haskell html idl java javascript mail makefile nroff objc pascal perl postscript python scheme sh states synopsys tcl vba verilog vhdl

The generic specification has markup that defaults to nothing, but is controllable using the :states-flags: option.

The following options are recognized:

:file: <filename>

Reads the code sample from a file rather than using the content block.

:class: <name>

Associates the name as a class of the code block.

:color:

Specifies that "color" markup should be done. What this actually means is that the following interpreted-text roles are used for parts of the code markup:

comment	A comment in the language
function-name	A function name
variable-name	A variable name
keyword	A reserved keyword
reference-name	A reference name
string	A quoted string
builtin	Variable names built into language
type-name	Names associated with the language's type system

If any of these roles is undefined before processing the macro, a null (inline) definition is entered for them.

:level: <level>

The level of markup. <level> can be one of none, light, or heavy (default heavy). Ignored if :color: is specified.

:numbered:

Number the lines of the code block.

:states-file:

Specifies the name of a non-standard formatting file to be used by the states program in doing markup. If specified, overrides the value of the -D code-block-states-file command-line option.

:states-flags:

Specifies a set of additional flags to be passed to the states program when doing markup. If specified, overrides the value of the -D code-block-states-flags command-line option.

Raw Data Pass-Through

The "raw" directive indicates non-reStructuredText data that is to be passed untouched to the Writer. The names of the output formats are given in the directive arguments. The interpretation of the raw data is up to the Writer. A Writer may ignore any raw output not matching its format.

For example, the following input would be passed untouched by an HTML Writer:

.. raw:: html

   <hr width=50 size=10>

A LaTeX Writer could insert the following raw content into its output stream:

.. raw:: latex

   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}

Raw data can also be read from an external file, specified in a directive option. In this case, the content block must be empty. For example:

.. raw:: html
   :file: inclusion.html

The following options are recognized:

file : string (newlines removed)

The local filesystem path of a raw data file to be included.

url : string (whitespace removed)

An Internet URL reference to a raw data file to be included.

encoding : name of text encoding

The text encoding of the external raw data (file or URL). Defaults to the document's encoding (if specified).

head : flag (empty)

The raw text gets put into the head material of the document rather than the body (if applicable).

Class

The "class" directive sets the "classes" attribute value on the first immediately following non-comment element [2]. For details of the "classes" attribute, see its entry in The Docutils Document Tree. The directive argument consists of one or more space-separated class names, which are converted to lowercase and all non-alphanumeric characters are converted to hyphens. (For the rationale, see below.)

Examples:

.. class:: special

This is a "special" paragraph.

.. class:: exceptional remarkable

An Exceptional Section
======================

This is an ordinary paragraph.

The text above is parsed and transformed into this doctree fragment:

<paragraph classes="special">
    This is a "special" paragraph.
<section classes="exceptional remarkable">
    <title>
        An Exceptional Section
    <paragraph>
        This is an ordinary paragraph.

.. class:: highlights
..

    Block quote text.

The following options are recognized:

parent : parent selector

Attach the class to a containing element rather than the next element. The parent selector is an optional space-separated list of parent elements. Each element is either a number, which indicates how many levels to go up, or the name of an element. For example, "entry" would attach the class to the first containing table entry, and "row 2" would attach the class to whatever is two levels above the first containing table row. The default parent selector is "1".

Custom Interpreted Text Roles

(New in Docutils 0.3.2)

The "role" directive dynamically creates a custom interpreted text role and registers it with the parser. This means that after declaring a role like this:

.. role:: custom

the document may use the new "custom" role:

An example of using :custom:`interpreted text`

This will be parsed into the following document tree fragment:

<paragraph>
    An example of using
    <inline classes="custom">
        interpreted text

The role must be declared in a document before it can be used.

The new role may be based on an existing role, specified as a second argument in parentheses (whitespace optional):

.. role:: custom(emphasis)

:custom:`text`

The parsed result is as follows:

<paragraph>
    <emphasis classes="custom">
        text

If no base role is explicitly specified, a generic custom role is automatically used. Subsequent interpreted text will produce an "inline" element with a "classes" attribute, as in the first example above.

With most roles, the ":class:" option can be used to set a "classes" attribute that is different from the role name. For example:

.. role:: custom
   :class: special

:custom:`interpreted text`

This is the parsed result:

<paragraph>
    <inline classes="special">
        interpreted text

The following options are recognized by the "role" directive for most base roles:

class : text

Set a "class" attribute value on the element produced (inline, or element associated with a base class) when the custom interpreted text role is used. If no directive options are specified, a "class" option with the directive argument (role name) as the value is implied. See the class directive above.

prefix : field list text

Specifies raw text that will be prepended to the interpreted text depending upon the output format. A field name is the output format (writer) name and its field value is the raw text to be prepended for that format. A field name of default can be used to specify text to prepend if the output format matches no other field name.

suffix : field list text

Specifies raw text that will be appended to the interpreted text depending upon the output format. A field name is the output format (writer) name and its field value is the raw text that will be appended for that format. A field name of default can be used to specify text to append if the output format matches no other field name.

For example, red text could be accomplished in html and latex by saying:

.. role:: red
   :prefix:
     :html: <font color="red">
     :latex: {\color{red}
   :suffix:
     :html: </font>
     :latex: }

This text has a :red:`red` word in it.

Specific roles may support other options and/or directive content. See the reStructuredText Interpreted Text Roles document for details.

Setting the Default Interpreted Text Role

(New in Docutils 0.3.10)

The "default-role" directive sets the default interpreted text role, the role that is used for interpreted text without an explicit role. For example, after setting the default role like this:

.. default-role:: subscript

any subsequent use of implicit-role interpreted text in the document will use the "subscript" role:

An example of a `default` role.

This will be parsed into the following document tree fragment:

<paragraph>
    An example of a
    <subscript>
        default
     role.

Custom roles may be used (see the "role" directive above), but it must have been declared in a document before it can be set as the default role. See the reStructuredText Interpreted Text Roles document for details of built-in roles.

The directive may be used without an argument to restore the initial default interpreted text role, which is application-dependent. The initial default interpreted text role of the standard reStructuredText parser is "title-reference".

Metadata Document Title

The "title" directive specifies the document title as metadata, which does not become part of the document body. It overrides a document-supplied title. For example, in HTML output the metadata document title appears in the title bar of the browser window.

Restructuredtext-Test-Directive

This directive is provided for test purposes only. (Nobody is expected to type in a name that long!) It is converted into a level-1 (info) system message showing the directive data, possibly followed by a literal block containing the rest of the directive block.