[Codeforces] number theory (R1200) Part.4

[Codeforces] number theory (R1200) Part.4

题单:https://codeforces.com/problemset/page/6?tags=number%20theory,0-1200

787A. The Monster

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/787/A

题意

给定四个整数$a,b,c,d(1\le a,b,c,d\le 100)$,求序列{b,b+a,b+2a,⋯ }\{b,b+a,b+2a,\cdots\}{b,b+a,b+2a,⋯}和{d,d+c,d+2c,⋯ }\{d,d+c,d+2c,\cdots\}{d,d+c,d+2c,⋯}中最早出现的相等项,若不存在,输出$-1$.

思路

加$c$次$a$的结果与加$a$次$c$的结果相同,故有解$ax+b=cy+d$时,x,y≤max⁡{a,b,c,d}≤100x,y\leq \max\{a,b,c,d\}\leq 100x,y≤max{a,b,c,d}≤100,枚举即可.

代码

void solve() {
	int a, b, c, d; cin >> a >> b >> c >> d;

	for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
		int cur = b + i * a;
		if (cur - d >= 0 && (cur - d) % c == 0) {
			cout << cur;
			return;
		}
	}
	cout << -1;
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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797A. k-Factorization

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/797/A

题意

给定一个整数$n(2\le n\le 1\mathrm{e}5)$,将其分解为$k(1\le k\le 20)$个$>1$的整数之积.若有解,输出任一组解;否则输出$-1$.

思路

将$n$素因数分解,结果存在一个vector中.

①若vector的元素个数$<k$,无解.

②若vector的元素个数$=k$,输出集合中的元素即可.

③若vector的元素个数$>k$,合并若干个因数直至集合的元素个数$=k$.

代码

void solve() {
	int n, k; cin >> n >> k;

	vi ans;
	for (int i = 2; i <= n / i; i++) {
		if (n % i == 0) {
			while (n % i == 0) {
				ans.push_back(i);
				n /= i;
			}
		}
	}
	if (n > 1) ans.push_back(n);

	if (ans.size() < k) cout << -1;
	else if (ans.size() == k)
		for (auto i : ans) cout << i << ' ';
	else {
		while (ans.size() > k) {
			int a = ans.back(); ans.pop_back();
			int b = ans.back(); ans.pop_back();
			ans.push_back(a * b);
		}

		for (auto i : ans) cout << i << ' ';
	}
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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817A. Treasure Hunt

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/817/A

题意

给定两整数$x,y$.现有四种操作:①$(a,b)\to (a+x,b+y)$;②$(a,b)\to (a+x,b-y)$;③$(a,b)\to (a-x,b+y)$;④$(a,b)\to (a-x,b-y)$.问是否能从点$(x_1,y_1)$经过若干次操作到达点$(x_2,y_2)$,若能则输出"YES";否则输出"NO".

第一行输入四个整数$x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2(-1\mathrm{e}5\le x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2\le 1\mathrm{e}5)$.第二行输入两个整数$x,y(1\le x,y\le 1\mathrm{e}5)$.

思路

显然有解的必要条件是:$|x_1-x_2|\mathrm{mod}x=0,|y_1-y_2|\mathrm{mod}y=0$.

下面考察能否达到$(x_1,y_1)=(x_2,y_2)$.设$cn{t}_x=\frac{|x_1-x_2|}{x},cn{t}_y=\frac{|y_1-y_2|}{y}$.注意到每个操作都会同时使得$cn{t}_x$和$cn{t}_y\pm 1$,故有解的充要条件是:$cn{t}_x$与$cn{t}_y$的奇偶性相同.

代码

void solve() {
	int x1, y1, x2, y2; cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
	int x, y; cin >> x >> y;

	if ((x1 - x2) % x || (y1 - y2) % y) cout << "NO";
	else {
		int cntx = abs(x1 - x2) / x, cnty = abs(y1 - y2) / y;
		cout << ((cntx & 1) == (cnty & 1) ? "YES" : "NO");
	}
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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822A. I’m bored with life

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/822/A

题意

给定两整数a,b  (1≤a,b≤1e9,min⁡{a,b}≤12)a,b\ \ (1\leq a,b\leq 1\mathrm{e}9,\min\{a,b\}\leq 12)a,b  (1≤a,b≤1e9,min{a,b}≤12),求$\gcd (a!,b!)$.

思路

显然gcd⁡(a!,b!)=min⁡{a,b}!\gcd(a!,b!)=\min\{a,b\}!gcd(a!,b!)=min{a,b}!.

答案最大为$12!\approx 4\mathrm{e}8$,不会爆int.

代码

void solve() {
	int a, b; cin >> a >> b;

	int ans = 1;
	for (int i = 2; i <= min(a, b); i++) ans *= i;
	cout << ans;
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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858A. k-rounding

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/858/A

题意

对一个整数$n$,定义它的$k-$rounding为十进制下以至少$k$个零结尾的最小的$n$的倍数.给定两整数$n,k(1\le n\le 1\mathrm{e}9,0\le k\le 8)$,求$n$的$k-$rounding.

思路

$ans=\mathrm{lcm}(n,10^k)$.

代码

void solve() {
	int n, k; cin >> n >> k;
	cout << lcm(n, (int)pow(10, k));
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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898B. Proper Nutrition

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/898/B

题意

给定三个整数$n,a,b(1\le a,b,n\le 1\mathrm{e}7)$,求一个非负整数对$(x,y)s.t.ax+by=n$.若有解,输出"YES",并输出任一组解;否则输出"NO".

思路

暴力即可.

代码

void solve() {
	int n, a, b; cin >> n >> a >> b;

	for (int x = 0; x <= 1e7; x++) {
		ll cur = (ll)n - (ll)x * a;
		if (cur >= 0 && cur % b == 0) {
			cout << "YES" << endl;
			cout << x << ' ' << cur / b;
			return;
		}
	}

	cout << "NO";
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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919B. Perfect Number

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/919/B

题意 ($2\mathrm{s}$)

求第$k(1\le k\le 1\mathrm{e}4)$小的数位之和为$10$的正整数.

思路

由$10$的分拆数乘上全排列,中间还可以插$0$,可估计出前$1\mathrm{e}4$个满足条件的数不会很大,暴力求即可.

代码

void solve() {
	int k; cin >> k;

	function<bool(int)> get = [](int x)->bool {
		string s = to_string(x);
		int res = 0;
		for (auto ch : s) res += ch & 15;
		return res == 10;
	};

	int ans = 0;
	while (k) k -= get(++ans);
	cout << ans;
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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946B. Weird Subtraction Process

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/946/B

题意

给定两数$a,b(1\le a,b\le 1\mathrm{e}18)$,现有如下三步操作:

①若$a=b=0$,操作结束,否则执行步骤②.

②若$a\ge 2b$,令$a=a-2b$,执行步骤①;否则执行步骤③.

③若$b\ge 2a$,令$b=b-2a$,执行步骤①;否则操作结束.

求操作结束后的$a,b$.

思路

将若干次减法合并为一次取模,模拟该过程即可.

代码

void solve() {
	ll a, b; cin >> a >> b;

	while (a && b) {
		a %= 2 * b;
		if (!a || b < 2 * a) break;
		else b %= 2 * a;
	}
	cout << a << ' ' << b;
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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1033B. Square Difference

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/1033/B

题意

在边长为$a$的正方形的左上角切除一个边长为$b(b<a)$的正方形,问剩下的L型的面积是否是素数.

有$t(1\le t\le 5)$组测试数据.每组测试数据输入两个整数$a,b(1\le b<a\le 1\mathrm{e}11)$.

思路

注意到$a^2-b^2=(a-b)(a+b)$,显然L的面积是素数的充要条件是:$a-b=1,a+b\in primes$.

因$a+b\le 2\mathrm{e}11$,用试除法判定素数即可.注意此处用Miller-Rabin算法中间会爆ll.

代码

bool check(ll x) {
	for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(x); i++)
		if (x % i == 0) return false;
	return true;
}

void solve() {
	ll a, b; cin >> a >> b;
	cout << (a - b == 1 && check(a + b) ? "YES" : "NO") << endl;
}

int main() {
	CaseT  // 单测时注释掉该行
	solve();
}

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1051B. Relatively Prime Pairs

原题指路:https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/1051/B

题意 ($2\mathrm{s}$)

给定两个整数$l,r(1\le l\le r\le 1\mathrm{e}18,r-l+1\le 3\mathrm{e}5,r-l是偶数)$.若能将$[l,r]$中的所有整数分为$\frac{r-l+1}{2}$个数对,使得每个数在且仅在一个数对中,且每个数对的$\gcd =1$,输出"YES"并输出一个合法方案;否则输出"NO".

思路

注意到相邻两数的$\gcd =1$,依次输出即可.

代码

void solve() {
	ll l, r; cin >> l >> r;

	cout << "YES" << endl;
	for (ll i = l; i <= r; i += 2) cout << i << ' ' << i + 1 << endl;
}

int main() {
	solve();
}

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