🚀 基于EtherCAT与ABP vNext 构建高可用、高性能的工业自动化平台 🚀
📑 目录
一、项目背景与目标 🌐
在工业自动化领域,实时通信和模块化架构是系统成功的关键因素。EtherCAT作为高速实时以太网协议,广泛应用于伺服控制、PLC等设备的通信场景。本文结合ABP vNext(v8.1.5)框架构建服务端管理平台,实现对EtherCAT网络节点的高效管理与数据交互,目标是搭建一套可复现、具备高可用与高性能的工业控制平台。
二、技术选型 🛠️
- 通信协议:⚡ EtherCAT
- 服务框架:📦 ABP vNext(v8.1.5)
- 数据库:🐘 PostgreSQL 15.x
- 缓存:🧠 Redis 7.x
- 消息队列:📬 RabbitMQ 3.11.x(可选,用于事件分发)
- 前端框架:🌐 Vue 3 + Vite + ElementPlus
- 部署容器:🐳 Docker(多阶段构建) + 🔄 Nginx + 🐧 Linux Server
可选方案对比
- gRPC vs MQTT:gRPC IDL 驱动、双向流、高性能;MQTT 轻量级发布/订阅,适合海量终端推送场景。
- Redis vs Memcached:Redis 支持持久化、复杂数据结构和 Cluster;Memcached 纯内存、轻量,但仅 KV 缓存。
高可用组件示例
# Redis Cluster 初始化(6节点示例) 🗄️ version: "3.8" services: redis-node-1: image: redis:7-alpine command: ["redis-server", "--cluster-enabled", "yes", "--cluster-config-file", "nodes.conf", "--port", "7000"] # … 同理配置 7001–7005 节点
# Patroni PostgreSQL 最小配置 🐳 scope: postgres-cluster namespace: /service/ name: postgres-0 # ...
三、系统架构设计 🏗️
1. 总体架构图 🖼️
%% SoEM v1.6 / TwinCAT 3.1;gRPC Proto v3;心跳间隔 1s
graph LR
EC[EtherCAT 设备] -->|SoEM/TwinCAT| DD[Device Daemon]
DD -->|gRPC| AP[ABP 服务端]
AP -->|REST| UI[前端(Vue+ElementPlus)]
AP --> Redis
AP --> Postgres
2. 模块划分 🧩
Device Daemon 数据采集流程 🔄
Device Daemon EtherCAT ADS 集成示例 🖥️
在 Device Daemon 中,我们也可以直接用 .NET TwinCAT.Ads 与 EtherCAT 设备通信,示例代码如下:
// EthercatAdsService.cs
using System;
using TwinCAT.Ads;
using Volo.Abp.DependencyInjection;
namespace <Your.Namespace>
{
public class EthercatAdsService : ISingletonDependency, IDisposable
{
private readonly TcAdsClient _ads;
public EthercatAdsService(IConfiguration configuration)
{
_ads = new TcAdsClient();
string amsNetId = configuration["Ads:AmsNetId"]
?? throw new ArgumentException("请配置 Ads:AmsNetId");
int port = int.Parse(configuration["Ads:Port"] ?? "851");
_ads.Connect(amsNetId, port);
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取指定变量(例如 PO2、IO input)
/// </summary>
public short ReadInputVariable(string varName)
{
// 使用 TwinCAT ADS 读一个 short 类型变量
return (short)_ads.ReadAny(varName, typeof(short));
}
public void Dispose()
{
_ads?.Dispose();
}
}
}
说明:
- 通过
configuration["Ads:AmsNetId"]
读取 TwinCAT AMS Net ID(如 “5.32.201.10.1.1”)。ReadAny
方法可读取多种类型,示例中读取short
。- 本服务注册为单例(
ISingletonDependency
),在模块中注入并复用。
-
Device Daemon(设备守护进程)
- 多实例部署:🌐 Kubernetes Deployment + Service
- 服务发现:🔍 Consul/etcd
- 功能:采集实时数据、❤️🩹 心跳检测(1s)、🔄 断线重连、⚖️ 负载均衡
-
ABP 服务端
- 模块化业务:📋 设备管理、报警系统、实时监控、命令下发
- 💬 gRPC 调用 Device Daemon → 写入 Redis 缓存
- ⏰ 定时任务:批量落库 PostgreSQL + 🔔 异常告警
-
前端 UI
- 🖥️ Vue 3 + ElementPlus 构建仪表盘
- 🌐 RESTful API + 🔔 WebSocket 混合推送
四、ABP 服务端关键实现 🖥️
1. gRPC 客户端封装 🛡️
gRPC 请求与缓存流程 🛡️
public class GrpcDeviceClient : ISingletonDependency
{
private readonly Device.DeviceClient _client;
public GrpcDeviceClient(IConfiguration configuration)
{
var url = configuration["Grpc:DeviceUrl"]
?? throw new ConfigurationErrorsException("Grpc:DeviceUrl 未配置");
var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress(url, new GrpcChannelOptions
{
HttpHandler = new SocketsHttpHandler
{
PooledConnectionIdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1)
}
});
_client = new Device.DeviceClient(channel);
}
public async Task<DeviceStatusDto> GetStatusAsync(string deviceId)
{
using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
try
{
var reply = await _client.GetStatusAsync(
new DeviceRequest { DeviceId = deviceId },
cancellationToken: cts.Token
);
return new DeviceStatusDto(reply);
}
catch (RpcException ex)
{
// 🔴 日志记录、或重试/降级
throw new DeviceCommunicationException(deviceId, ex);
}
}
}
2. Redis 缓存使用(防击穿 & 雪崩) ❄️
public async Task<DeviceStatusDto> GetCachedStatusAsync(string deviceId)
{
string key = $"device:status:{deviceId}";
var options = new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
{
SlidingExpiration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)
};
return await _distributedCache.GetOrAddAsync(
key,
() => _grpcClient.GetStatusAsync(deviceId),
options
);
}
说明:
- 使用
AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow
避免雪崩- 可结合 🔐 RedLock 或 🔄 双重检查
3. 模块化业务设计 📦
[DependsOn(
typeof(AbpEventBusModule),
typeof(AbpCachingModule),
typeof(AbpBackgroundWorkersModule)
)]
public class DeviceModule : AbpModule
{
public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context)
{
context.Services.AddSingleton<GrpcDeviceClient>();
context.Services.AddScoped<DeviceService>();
}
}
建议:
- Swagger:依赖
AbpSwashbuckleModule
- 定时任务:依赖
AbpBackgroundWorkersModule
五、部署与高可用实践 📦
CI/CD 自动化部署流程 🚀
1. 多阶段 Docker 部署 🐳
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY . .
RUN dotnet restore && dotnet publish -c Release -o /app --no-restore
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0 AS runtime
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app .
ENV ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s CMD curl --fail http://localhost/health || exit 1
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "YourProjectName.dll"]
2. Docker Compose 🐙
version: "3.8"
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "5000:80"
environment:
- Grpc__DeviceUrl=http://daemon:5001
depends_on:
redis:
condition: service_healthy
postgres:
condition: service_healthy
redis:
image: redis:7-alpine
command: ["redis-server", "--requirepass", "yourpassword"]
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "-a", "yourpassword", "ping"]
interval: 30s
timeout: 5s
postgres:
image: postgres:15-alpine
environment:
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=yourpassword
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "pg_isready", "-U", "postgres"]
interval: 30s
timeout: 5s
volumes:
- pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
volumes:
pgdata:
3. Nginx 反向代理与负载均衡 🔀
upstream backend {
server app1:80;
server app2:80;
keepalive 16;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://backend;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection keep-alive;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_read_timeout 60s;
}
listen 443 ssl;
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/privkey.pem;
}
六、可观测性、容错与运维 🔍
容错与重试流程 🔁
- 🔗 链路追踪:OpenTelemetry → Jaeger/Zipkin
- 📊 指标监控:Prometheus + Grafana
- 🔄 重试 & 熔断:Polly 策略
- 📝 结构化日志:Serilog/Elastic Common Schema → Seq/ELK
- 🚀 CI/CD & Kubernetes:
- GitHub Actions 自动化流水线
- k8s Deployment/Service/HPA