BUSINESS Business Transactions

BUSINESS 114

Assignment 03

Due: Friday 4 October 2024, 4pm (NZT)

Assignment 03 will be marked out of 60 marks and is worth 10% of your final grade.

Overall Presentation

Submission: Type your answers into the Answer booklet and submit your assignment by 4 pm (NZT) on Friday 4 October 2024 via Canvas. Please keep a copy of your assignment in case there are technical issues with your submission.

A pdf  or word document version of your  assignment  must  be  submitted  on  Canvas.  Please  follow  the instructions below to submit your assignment.

1.  Save your assignment as a word document or pdf file.

2. Rename your assignment file name to your last name, followed by a comma and your first  name.  For example: Bloggs, Joe – A3. (The last name is Bloggs; A3 is Assignment 03).

3.  You can upload the file on Canvas by going to Assignments, then click on Assignment 03. You will see the Submit Assignment button on the right-hand side of the webpage. A message box will show up, and you need to click on the Choose File button to locate your assignment file, which you had renamed in the above steps, and click ok. The last step will be clicking the Submit Assignment button in the new message box to submit your file.

Note: If you want to replace the existing file you can simply repeat the step 3 above. You can do that any time before the due date.

Answer Booklet: Answers must be typed into the Answer Booklet using Calibri font style. of at least size 10. If calculations or tables are required for an answer, they should be typed, set out neatly and labelled clearly in the Answer  Booklet  in  the  space  provided.  Bullet  point  answers  are  acceptable only  if  the  whole sentence makes sense. The size of each box can be expanded where necessary.

Disciplinary knowledge: The purpose of this assignment is to be able to demonstrate an understanding of the material covered in Modules 7 to 9 and apply appropriate methods to solve problems and explain the impact of events on business activity.

Solution seeking: For any calculation type questions, you should apply appropriate problem-solving processes systematically. Show all workings, no matter how trivial as marks are awarded for partial work. This is good practice for the exam.

Written  Communication: A   high  standard  of  written  expression  and   presentation   is  expected  of  your assignment. Correct spelling and grammar are essential. Discussions should be concise, structured in a logical order, and relevant to the question. Consider using the resources of the Learning Hub for extra support. https://www.learninghub.ac.nz/writing/paraphrasing-summarising-and-techniques/

Referencing: APA referencing is to be used where necessary. You DO NOT need to reference the assignment question or references provided in the question. However, you DO need to reference any text if you have QUOTED or PARAPHRASED it. Always answer the questions in your own words. (See the library course page for details on how to use APA referencing).

Refer tohttps://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subject-guides/bus/topicguides/apa_for_business.htm

If you feel you need to provide references – space is provided for your references to all the questions at the end of the answer book – this space can be expanded.

Questions                                                                                                                                               60 marks

Question 1 - Business Transactions

Sunny Sands Ltd is a company that specialises in the sale of swimwear, beach towels, and accessories. Below are the transactions for August 2024 (ignore taxes).

Transactions for the month of August 2024:

(i)       3 August: Purchased inventory worth $7,000, paying $4,000 in cash and the remaining on credit.

(ii)       6 August: Received an advance payment from a customer for a beach tent rental service to be provided in September 2024. The customer paid $1,500 for a month-long rental period, starting on September 1.

(iii)       10  August:  The  cost of the  regular maintenance service is $2,000, which Sunny Sands  Ltd paid in two instalments: $1,500 in cash on 10 August and the remaining to be paid within 30 days upon completion of the maintenance work.

(iv)       20 August: The business paid the outstanding amount for the inventory that was purchased on 3 August.

(v)       23 August: The business paid $4,500 towards salaries.

(vi)       25 August: Sales of goods for the month totalled $80,000 ($48,000 cost), of which $25,000 was on credit.

(vii)       29 August: Paid $19,800 towards the outstanding bank loan.

(viii)       31 August: Interest was paid monthly on the loan at 5% per annum, calculated on the amount outstanding

at the end of the month. The bank loan is expected to be paid off by the end of the year.

(ix)       31 August: Depreciation on the equipment, which was acquired on the last day of the previous month for a cost of $25,200, was  recorded and the straight-line depreciation was applied. The  useful  life of the equipment is 5 years and will have no value at the end of its life.

Required:

(a)  Below is a partially completed worksheet for Sunny Sands Ltd. Complete the worksheet by filling in the missing values for all of the transactions. Ensure that the impact on the Cash Flow Statement is correctly identified as “Operating Inflow/Outflow”, “ Investing Inflow/Outflow”, “ Financing Inflow/Outflow”, or “ No Impact” .

Partially Completed Worksheet for Sunny Sands Ltd for August 2024 (9 marks)

(b)  Using the completed worksheet, prepare an Income Statement for Sunny Sands Ltd for the month ended

31 August 2024. (4 marks)

(c)   Using the completed worksheet, prepare a Balance Sheet using the vertical format for Sunny Sands Ltd as at 31 August 2024. (9 marks)

(Total: 22 marks)

Question 2 - Transaction analysis and financial accounting

Mountain Adventures Ltd (MAL) is a company dedicated to sustainable tourism. The company’s balance sheet date is 31 December. MAL requires customers to pay a deposit of 25% of the total tour price at the time of booking, with the remaining balance to be paid 10 days before the tour date.

In 2024, MAL faces a dilemma. A major client has requested a tour worth $20,000, with the deposit paid on 1st May 2024 and the remaining balance on 5th June 2024. However, the tour requires MAL to conduct activities in a sensitive environmental area, which could impact its reputation as a sustainable tourism business.

Required:

For the questions that follow,  use the  provided template  in the Answer  Booklet  to detail the effects of each transaction on the financial statements and for providing any written answers. Note that you do not need to define specific assets, liabilities, income, or expenses. If a transaction has no impact on a particular statement, indicate “ No Effect” clearly rather than leaving the space blank.

(a)      Analyse the impact on MAL’s Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and Cash Flow Statement for the following events:

(i)     Receipt of the deposit on the 1st of May 2024.

(ii)     Receipt of the remaining balance on the 5th of June 2024. (6 marks)

(b)      Evaluate the impact on MAL’s Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and Cash Flow Statement after the service is delivered on the 15th of June 2024. (3 marks)

(c)       Discuss the ethical considerations MAL should address before proceeding with the tour, with a focus on the potential impact on the company’s long-term reputation and financial sustainability. (4 marks, max 200 words)

(d)      MAL is considering expanding its fleet of tour vehicles by purchasing a new off-road vehicle for $50,000 on the 20th of June 2024. The company plans to use $15,000 from its own cash and borrow the remaining $35,000 with a 6-month loan from its bank to pay for the vehicle.

(i)    Analyze  the  effects  of this transaction  and  any  related  subsequent events on the  Balance  Sheet, Income Statement, and Cash Flow Statement. (3 marks)

(ii)    Assess the financial implications of taking on new debt, including the potential risks and benefits for MAL’s financial stability and operational capacity. (3 marks, max 150 words)

(Total: 19 marks)

Question 3 - Financial Statement Analysis

Three Australian companies listed on the ASX from different sectors have been identified for potential investment analysis. Refer to their 2023 annual reports to answer the questions.

1.   Telstra       Group         Limited        (TLS)        —       Telecommunication        Services        Sector.        Go        to https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/investors/reports and  download  the  “2023  Annual  Report-Pages (PDF, 7.8MB).” The consolidated financial statements and notes can be found from page 85.

2.    Wesfarmers    Limited    (WES)    —    Consumer     Discretionary    Distribution    &    Retail    Sector.    Go    to https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/investor-centre/company-performance-news/reports and    download the “2023 Annual Report (Including Appendix 4E).” The consolidated financial statements and notes can be found from page 132.

3.    Qantas           Airways           Limited           (QAN)            —           Transportation           Sector.           Go           to https://investor.qantas.com/investors/?page=annual-reports and download the “2023 Annual  Report.” The consolidated financial statements and notes can be found from page 63.

The following information about each sector is also available:

Industry Averages:

•    Telecommunication Services Sector:  ROE (50%); Profit Margin (18%); Current Ratio (1.1); and Debt Ratio (55%).

•    Consumer Discretionary Distribution & Retail Sector: ROE (25%); Profit Margin (10%); Current Ratio (1.4); and Debt Ratio (50%).

•    Transportation Sector: ROE (4%); Profit Margin (12%); Current Ratio (1.2); and Debt Ratio (40%).

Required:

(a)         Calculate the following ratios for each company: Return on Equity (ROE), Profit Margin, Current Ratio and Debt Ratio. Show all workings. Round to two decimal places. Use the formulae on the sheet provided — no other formulae will be accepted. Note: Treat any other income (except for finance income) as part of revenues. (9 marks)

(b)         Based  on the financial  ratios  calculated above and corresponding industry averages, assess each firm’s profitability profile. (6 marks, max 300 words)

(c)          Based on the financial ratios calculated above and corresponding industry averages, identify two common risks that all three firms face. (4 marks, max 200 words)

(Total: 19 marks)