linux安装ZShell命令 zsh & oh-my-zsh

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已于 2025-04-25 10:04:08 修改

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： linux 运维服务器

于 2019-01-03 15:51:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/guo_qiangqiang/article/details/85700258

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linux下使用zsh和配置oh-my-zsh的步骤

1 介绍zsh
2 安装zsh

Bash确实是不错的Shell，但仍有用很多不尽人意的地方，如自动补全的功能不够强大，定位较长路径不够方便，命令历史管理不够完善等。

介绍使用zsh，功能十分强大…推荐给大家！

1 介绍zsh

1.1 Linux shell

常用的Shell有这么几种，sh、bash、csh等，想知道你的系统有几种shell，可以通过以下命令查看：

cat /etc/shells
未安装zsh，显示结果如下：
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/dash
/bin/tcsh
/bin/csh

1.2 zsh简介

Zsh是一个Linux下强大的shell, 由于大多数Linux产品安装，以及默认使用bash shell, 但是丝毫不影响极客们对zsh的热衷, 几乎每一款Linux产品都包含有zsh，通常可以用apt-get、urpmi或yum等包管理器进行安装

Zsh具有以下主要功能
开箱即用、可编程的命令行补全功能可以帮助用户输入各种参数以及选项
在用户启动的所有shell中共享命令历史
通过扩展的文件通配符，可以不利用外部命令达到find命令一般展开文件名
改进的变量与数组处理
在缓冲区中编辑多行命令
多种兼容模式，例如使用/bin/sh运行时可以伪装成Bourne shell
可以定制呈现形式的提示符；包括在屏幕右端显示信息，并在键入长命令时自动隐藏
可加载的模块，提供其他各种支持：完整的TCP与Unix域套接字控制，FTP客户端与扩充过的数学函数
完全可定制化

1.3 zsh与oh-my-zsh终极配置

之前是因为看到这篇文章：终极Shell——Zsh 才选择使用zsh，被它的自动完成、补全功能吸引了。

<官网：www.zsh.org

这也是“工欲善其事，必先利其器”系列文章。

选择oh-my-zsh, oh-my-zsh是基于zsh的功能做了一个扩展，方便的插件管理、主题自定义，以及漂亮的自动完成效果。

在Github上找关于zsh的项目时发现的，试用了一下觉得很方便，不用像上面文章里面提到的那么复杂，配置一些插件的名称即可使用相应的功能。

官网：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh
评价：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Testimonials

2 安装zsh

2.1 安装zsh

对于一般的Ubuntu系统，配置好正确的源之后，就能直接键入以下命令安装：

sudo apt-get install zsh

对于linux系统，直接使用以下命令安装：

yum -y install zsh

2.2 配置zsh

把.zshrc拷贝到相应用户的home目录即可
(也可以把你的bash的配置文件(_{/.bash_prorile或者}/.profile等)给拷贝到zsh的配置文件~/.zshrc里，因为zsh兼容bash)

使用 Zsh 扩展集合：oh-my-zsh
oh-my-zsh 帮我们整理了一些常用的 Zsh 扩展功能和主题：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh
我们无需自己去捣搞 Zsh，直接用 oh-my-zsh 就足够了，如果你想继续深造的话那再去弄。
先安装 git：

sudo yum install -y git

安装 oh-my-zsh（这个过程可能会有点慢，或者需要重试几次）：

wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh

安装效果图如下：
在这里插入图片描述

若是下载太慢，可以将文件下载到本地


#!/bin/sh
#
# This script should be run via curl:
#   sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# or wget:
#   sh -c "$(wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
#
# As an alternative, you can first download the install script and run it afterwards:
#   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh
#   sh install.sh
#
# You can tweak the install behavior by setting variables when running the script. For
# example, to change the path to the Oh My Zsh repository:
#   ZSH=~/.zsh sh install.sh
#
# Respects the following environment variables:
#   ZSH     - path to the Oh My Zsh repository folder (default: $HOME/.oh-my-zsh)
#   REPO    - name of the GitHub repo to install from (default: ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh)
#   REMOTE  - full remote URL of the git repo to install (default: GitHub via HTTPS)
#   BRANCH  - branch to check out immediately after install (default: master)
#
# Other options:
#   CHSH       - 'no' means the installer will not change the default shell (default: yes)
#   RUNZSH     - 'no' means the installer will not run zsh after the install (default: yes)
#   KEEP_ZSHRC - 'yes' means the installer will not replace an existing .zshrc (default: no)
#
# You can also pass some arguments to the install script to set some these options:
#   --skip-chsh: has the same behavior as setting CHSH to 'no'
#   --unattended: sets both CHSH and RUNZSH to 'no'
#   --keep-zshrc: sets KEEP_ZSHRC to 'yes'
# For example:
#   sh install.sh --unattended
#
set -e

# Default settings
ZSH=${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}
REPO=${REPO:-ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh}
REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://github.com/${REPO}.git}
BRANCH=${BRANCH:-master}

# Other options
CHSH=${CHSH:-yes}
RUNZSH=${RUNZSH:-yes}
KEEP_ZSHRC=${KEEP_ZSHRC:-no}


command_exists() {
	command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
}

error() {
	echo ${RED}"Error: $@"${RESET} >&2
}

setup_color() {
	# Only use colors if connected to a terminal
	if [ -t 1 ]; then
		RED=$(printf '\033[31m')
		GREEN=$(printf '\033[32m')
		YELLOW=$(printf '\033[33m')
		BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')
		BOLD=$(printf '\033[1m')
		RESET=$(printf '\033[m')
	else
		RED=""
		GREEN=""
		YELLOW=""
		BLUE=""
		BOLD=""
		RESET=""
	fi
}

setup_ohmyzsh() {
	# Prevent the cloned repository from having insecure permissions. Failing to do
	# so causes compinit() calls to fail with "command not found: compdef" errors
	# for users with insecure umasks (e.g., "002", allowing group writability). Note
	# that this will be ignored under Cygwin by default, as Windows ACLs take
	# precedence over umasks except for filesystems mounted with option "noacl".
	umask g-w,o-w

	echo "${BLUE}Cloning Oh My Zsh...${RESET}"

	command_exists git || {
		error "git is not installed"
		exit 1
	}

	if [ "$OSTYPE" = cygwin ] && git --version | grep -q msysgit; then
		error "Windows/MSYS Git is not supported on Cygwin"
		error "Make sure the Cygwin git package is installed and is first on the \$PATH"
		exit 1
	fi

	git clone -c core.eol=lf -c core.autocrlf=false \
		-c fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		-c fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		-c receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
		--depth=1 --branch "$BRANCH" "$REMOTE" "$ZSH" || {
		error "git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed"
		exit 1
	}

	echo
}

setup_zshrc() {
	# Keep most recent old .zshrc at .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh, and older ones
	# with datestamp of installation that moved them aside, so we never actually
	# destroy a user's original zshrc
	echo "${BLUE}Looking for an existing zsh config...${RESET}"

	# Must use this exact name so uninstall.sh can find it
	OLD_ZSHRC=~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh
	if [ -f ~/.zshrc ] || [ -h ~/.zshrc ]; then
		# Skip this if the user doesn't want to replace an existing .zshrc
		if [ $KEEP_ZSHRC = yes ]; then
			echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Keeping...${RESET}"
			return
		fi
		if [ -e "$OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
			OLD_OLD_ZSHRC="${OLD_ZSHRC}-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"
			if [ -e "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
				error "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC exists. Can't back up ${OLD_ZSHRC}"
				error "re-run the installer again in a couple of seconds"
				exit 1
			fi
			mv "$OLD_ZSHRC" "${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}"

			echo "${YELLOW}Found old ~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh." \
				"${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
		fi
		echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
		mv ~/.zshrc "$OLD_ZSHRC"
	fi

	echo "${GREEN}Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.${RESET}"

	sed "/^export ZSH=/ c\\
export ZSH=\"$ZSH\"
" "$ZSH/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" > ~/.zshrc-omztemp
	mv -f ~/.zshrc-omztemp ~/.zshrc

	echo
}

setup_shell() {
	# Skip setup if the user wants or stdin is closed (not running interactively).
	if [ $CHSH = no ]; then
		return
	fi

	# If this user's login shell is already "zsh", do not attempt to switch.
	if [ "$(basename "$SHELL")" = "zsh" ]; then
		return
	fi

	# If this platform doesn't provide a "chsh" command, bail out.
	if ! command_exists chsh; then
		cat <<-EOF
			I can't change your shell automatically because this system does not have chsh.
			${BLUE}Please manually change your default shell to zsh${RESET}
		EOF
		return
	fi

	echo "${BLUE}Time to change your default shell to zsh:${RESET}"

	# Prompt for user choice on changing the default login shell
	printf "${YELLOW}Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n]${RESET} "
	read opt
	case $opt in
		y*|Y*|"") echo "Changing the shell..." ;;
		n*|N*) echo "Shell change skipped."; return ;;
		*) echo "Invalid choice. Shell change skipped."; return ;;
	esac

	# Check if we're running on Termux
	case "$PREFIX" in
		*com.termux*) termux=true; zsh=zsh ;;
		*) termux=false ;;
	esac

	if [ "$termux" != true ]; then
		# Test for the right location of the "shells" file
		if [ -f /etc/shells ]; then
			shells_file=/etc/shells
		elif [ -f /usr/share/defaults/etc/shells ]; then # Solus OS
			shells_file=/usr/share/defaults/etc/shells
		else
			error "could not find /etc/shells file. Change your default shell manually."
			return
		fi

		# Get the path to the right zsh binary
		# 1. Use the most preceding one based on $PATH, then check that it's in the shells file
		# 2. If that fails, get a zsh path from the shells file, then check it actually exists
		if ! zsh=$(which zsh) || ! grep -qx "$zsh" "$shells_file"; then
			if ! zsh=$(grep '^/.*/zsh$' "$shells_file" | tail -1) || [ ! -f "$zsh" ]; then
				error "no zsh binary found or not present in '$shells_file'"
				error "change your default shell manually."
				return
			fi
		fi
	fi

	# We're going to change the default shell, so back up the current one
	if [ -n "$SHELL" ]; then
		echo $SHELL > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
	else
		grep "^$USER:" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
	fi

	# Actually change the default shell to zsh
	if ! chsh -s "$zsh"; then
		error "chsh command unsuccessful. Change your default shell manually."
	else
		export SHELL="$zsh"
		echo "${GREEN}Shell successfully changed to '$zsh'.${RESET}"
	fi

	echo
}

main() {
	# Run as unattended if stdin is closed
	if [ ! -t 0 ]; then
		RUNZSH=no
		CHSH=no
	fi

	# Parse arguments
	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
		case $1 in
			--unattended) RUNZSH=no; CHSH=no ;;
			--skip-chsh) CHSH=no ;;
			--keep-zshrc) KEEP_ZSHRC=yes ;;
		esac
		shift
	done

	setup_color

	if ! command_exists zsh; then
		echo "${YELLOW}Zsh is not installed.${RESET} Please install zsh first."
		exit 1
	fi

	if [ -d "$ZSH" ]; then
		cat <<-EOF
			${YELLOW}You already have Oh My Zsh installed.${RESET}
			You'll need to remove '$ZSH' if you want to reinstall.
		EOF
		exit 1
	fi

	setup_ohmyzsh
	setup_zshrc
	setup_shell

	printf "$GREEN"
	cat <<-'EOF'
		         __                                     __
		  ____  / /_     ____ ___  __  __   ____  _____/ /_
		 / __ \/ __ \   / __ `__ \/ / / /  /_  / / ___/ __ \
		/ /_/ / / / /  / / / / / / /_/ /    / /_(__  ) / / /
		\____/_/ /_/  /_/ /_/ /_/\__, /    /___/____/_/ /_/
		                        /____/                       ....is now installed!


		Please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.

		p.s. Follow us on https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh

		p.p.s. Get stickers, shirts, and coffee mugs at https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh

	EOF
	printf "$RESET"

	if [ $RUNZSH = no ]; then
		echo "${YELLOW}Run zsh to try it out.${RESET}"
		exit
	fi

	exec zsh -l
}

main "$@"

上传到服务器上，执行

bash install.sh

在以 root 用户为前提下，oh-my-zsh 的安装目录：/root/.oh-my-zsh
在以 root 用户为前提下，Zsh 的配置文件位置：/root/.zshrc
为 root 用户设置 zsh 为系统默认 shell：

chsh -s /bin/zsh root

如果你要重新恢复到 bash：

chsh -s /bin/bash root

现在你关掉终端或是重新连上 shell，现在开头是一个箭头了，如下图：
在这里插入图片描述
现在zsh和oh-my-zsh都安装好了，现在重点讲下zsh的配置!

2.3 修改主题

创建~/.zshrc配置文件，先给看下我的配置，可以凭自己喜好更改：

# If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH.
# export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
 
# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
  export ZSH=/home/amoscykl/.oh-my-zsh
 
# Set name of the theme to load. Optionally, if you set this to "random"
# it'll load a random theme each time that oh-my-zsh is loaded.
# See https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Themes
# zhs的主题
ZSH_THEME="ys"		
# Set list of themes to load
# Setting this variable when ZSH_THEME=random
# cause zsh load theme from this variable instead of
# looking in ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/
# An empty array have no effect
# ZSH_THEME_RANDOM_CANDIDATES=( "robbyrussell" "agnoster" )
 
# Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
# CASE_SENSITIVE="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion. Case
# sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
# HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks.
# DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
# export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS=13
 
# Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
# DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
# DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
# ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
# COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files
# under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories
# much, much faster.
# DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true"
 
# Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time
# stamp shown in the history command output.
# The optional three formats: "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd"
# HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy"
 
# Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom?
# ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder
 
# Which plugins would you like to load? (plugins can be found in ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/*)
# Custom plugins may be added to ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/
# Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)
# Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup.
 
# z命令快速跳转目录     x命令解压一切文件         命令行可以直接google  
plugins=(
  git z zsh-autosuggestions extract web-search zsh-syntax-highlighting 
)
 
source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
 
# User configuration
 
# export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"
 
# You may need to manually set your language environment
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 
# Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
# if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
#   export EDITOR='vim'
# else
#   export EDITOR='mvim'
# fi
 
# Compilation flags
# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"
 
# ssh
# export SSH_KEY_PATH="~/.ssh/rsa_id"
 
# Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs,
# plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh
# users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder.
# For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.
#
# Example aliases
# alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"
# alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"
#

2.4 保存并执行命令，使配置生效：

cd ~ && source .zshrc

2.5 oh-my-zsh常用插件

zsh-syntax-highlighting ：提供了语法高亮显示。

zsh-autosuggestions ：它会根据历史记录和完成情况建议您键入的命令，而且快速/不干扰自动提示。

zsh-completions ：命令自动补全。

安装:

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:=~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-completions

clone不下来，那就复制仓库名字，取gitee中搜索，替换链接即可

git clone https://gitee.com/mo2/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

git clone https://gitee.com/twd2606/zsh-autosuggestions.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

git clone https://gitee.com/wangnd/zsh-completions.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:=~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-completions

修改配置(.zshrc)
plugins=(git)改成：

plugins=(git zsh-completions zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)
autoload -U compinit && compinit

最后重载下

source .zshrc