2017 icpc广西邀请赛 K.Query on A Tree (hdu 6191)可持久化字典树_monkey a lives on a tree, he always plays on this -CSDN博客

解决树形结构中子树节点值与给定整数异或的最大值问题，采用DFS序结合可持久化字典树的方法。

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Query on A Tree

Time Limit: 20000/10000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 132768/132768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 0 Accepted Submission(s): 0

Problem Description

Monkey A lives on a tree, he always plays on this tree.

One day, monkey A learned about one of the bit-operations, xor. He was keen of this interesting operation and wanted to practise it at once.

Monkey A gave a value to each node on the tree. And he was curious about a problem.

The problem is how large the xor result of number x and one node value of label y can be, when giving you a non-negative integer x and a node label u indicates that node y is in the subtree whose root is u(y can be equal to u).

Can you help him?

Input

There are no more than 6 test cases.

For each test case there are two positive integers n and q, indicate that the tree has n nodes and you need to answer q queries.

Then two lines follow.

The first line contains n non-negative integers

V1,V2,⋯,Vn , indicating the value of node i.

The second line contains n-1 non-negative integers

F1,F2,⋯Fn−1 ,

Fi means the father of node

i+1 .

And then q lines follow.

In the i-th line, there are two integers u and x, indicating that the node you pick should be in the subtree of u, and x has been described in the problem.

2≤n,q≤105

0≤Vi≤109

1≤Fi≤n , the root of the tree is node 1.

1≤u≤n,0≤x≤109

Output

For each query, just print an integer in a line indicating the largest result.

Sample Input

Sample Output

2
3

Statistic | Submit | Clarifications | Back 题意：给你一棵树，每个点都有权值，q次询问，每次询问给你u和x，问以u为根的子树与x的异或值最大为多少。

思路：现场思路已经想通了，但是码了两个小时没码出来。。。好尴尬。官方题解思路好像是从底层出发启发式合并，我这里给个不一样的思路，按照dfs序建可持久化字典树，以u为根的子树的字典树=以u为根的子树的最后一个节点的字典树-u按照dfs的前一个节点的字典树。然后就可以在线查询了。下面给代码：

#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000") 
#include<iostream>  
#include<cmath>  
#include<queue>  
#include<cstdio>  
#include<queue>  
#include<algorithm>  
#include<cstring>  
#include<string>  
#include<utility>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<stack>
#include<vector>
#define maxn 100005
#define inf  0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const double eps = 1e-5;
const int mod = 1e9+7;
int root[maxn], ls[maxn * 33], rs[maxn * 33], val[maxn * 33], index, ans, len, head[maxn], pre[maxn], last[maxn], temp, a[maxn];
struct node{
	int v, next;
}p[maxn];
int newnode(int key){
	val[index] = key;
	return index++;
}
int insert(int step, int now1,int key){
	bool jud = (now1 == -1);
	int now2 = newnode(jud ? 1 : val[now1] + 1);
	if (!step)
		return now2;
	if ((1 << (step - 1))&key){
		ls[now2] = jud ? -1 : ls[now1];
		rs[now2] = insert(step - 1, jud ? -1 : rs[now1], key);
	}
	else{
		rs[now2] = jud ? -1 : rs[now1];
		ls[now2] = insert(step - 1, jud ? -1 : ls[now1], key);
	}
	return now2;
}
bool query(int step, int now1, int now2, int x,bool flag){
	if (step == -1)
		return true;
	if (now2 == -1 || (now1 >= 0 && !(val[now2] - val[now1])))
		return false;
	if (flag)
		ans ^= 1 << step;
	bool jud = (now1 == -1);
	if ((1 << (step - 1))&x){
		if (query(step - 1, jud ? -1 : ls[now1], ls[now2], x, 0))
			return true;
		query(step - 1, jud ? -1 : rs[now1], rs[now2], x, 1);
	}
	else{
		if (query(step - 1, jud ? -1 : rs[now1], rs[now2], x, 1))
			return true;
		query(step - 1, jud ? -1 : ls[now1], ls[now2], x, 0);
	}
	return true;
}
void addedge(int u, int v){
	p[len].v = v;
	p[len].next = head[u];
	head[u] = len++;
}
void dfs(int x, int fa){
	last[x] = x;
	pre[x] = temp;
	root[x] = insert(31, root[temp], a[x]);
	temp = x;
	for (int i = head[x]; ~i; i = p[i].next){
		if (p[i].v == fa)
			continue;
		dfs(p[i].v, x);
		last[x] = last[p[i].v];
	}
}
int main(){ 
	root[0] = -1;
	int n, q;
	while (~scanf("%d%d", &n, &q)){
		memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
		len = index = temp = 0;
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
			scanf("%d", &a[i]);
		for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++){
			int x;
			scanf("%d", &x);
			addedge(x, i);
		}
		dfs(1, 0);
		while (q--){
			int u, x;
			scanf("%d%d", &u, &x);
			ans = x;
			query(31, root[pre[u]], root[last[u]], x, 0);
			printf("%d\n", ans);
		}
	}
}