docker的基础操作

虎皮辣椒小怪兽

已于 2022-03-04 12:42:51 修改

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签：容器运维 docker

于 2022-03-04 12:40:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_48440248/article/details/123273300

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1. 搜索http镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search http
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
httpd                             The Apache HTTP Server Project                  3909      [OK]       
haproxy                           HAProxy - The Reliable, High Performance TCP??  1704      [OK]       
sentry                            DEPRECATED; https://develop.sentry.dev/self-??  614       [OK]       
couchdb                           CouchDB is a database that uses JSON for doc??  460       [OK]       
caddy                             Caddy 2 is a powerful, enterprise-ready, ope??  358       [OK]       
adoptopenjdk                      DEPRECATED; use https://hub.docker.com/_/ecl??  338       [OK]       
docker/compose                    Define and run multi-container applications ??  152                  
percona/percona-xtradb-cluster    Percona XtraDB Cluster docker image | https:??  150                  
varnish                           Varnish is an HTTP accelerator designed for ??  117       [OK]       
docker-dev                        DEPRECATED; use https://github.com/moby/moby??  97        [OK]       
fsharp                            DEPRECATED; use https://hub.docker.com/_/mic??  79        [OK]       
portainer/templates               App Templates for Portainer http://portainer??  24                   
ubuntu/apache2                    Apache, a secure & extensible open-source HT??  23                   
google/dart-hello                 Image for a simple Dart HTTP server             16                   
ibmcom/ibmnode                    This image has been deprecated, please use t??  8                    
sysdig/falco                      Falco has been moved to https://hub.docker.c??  4                    [OK]
purestorage/docker-plugin         See certified image at https://store.docker.??  4                    
rancher/k3d                       Little helper to run Rancher Lab's k3s in Do??  3                    
circleci/rabbitmq-delayed         https://github.com/circleci/rabbitmq-delayed??  1                    
atlassian/pipelines-auth-proxy    A sidecar that acts as a git http(s) proxy t??  1                    
neo4j/neo4j-dcos-proxy            A HTTP proxy to expose Neo4j Browser HTTP co??  0                    
docker/trusttest                  Image that supports  these docs: https://doc??  0                    
ibmcom/httprequest-ppc64le        Docker image for httprequest-ppc64leDocker i??  0                    
bitnami/http-trigger-controller                                                   0                    
sysdig/kubewatcher                https://github.com/draios/sysdig-kube-watcher   0

2. 拉取一个http镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
a2abf6c4d29d: Already exists 
dcc4698797c8: Pull complete 
41c22baa66ec: Pull complete 
67283bbdd4a0: Pull complete 
d982c879c57e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0954cc1af252d824860b2c5dc0a10720af2b7a3d3435581ca788dff8480c7b32
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest

3. 查看拉取的镜像，可以看到刚刚拉取的http镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   2 months ago   141MB
httpd        latest    dabbfbe0c57b   2 months ago   144MB

4. 删除镜像，如果加上 -f参数就是强制删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi dabbfbe0c57b
Untagged: httpd:latest
Untagged: httpd@sha256:0954cc1af252d824860b2c5dc0a10720af2b7a3d3435581ca788dff8480c7b32
Deleted: sha256:dabbfbe0c57b6e5cd4bc089818d3f664acfad496dc741c9a501e72d15e803b34
Deleted: sha256:0e16a5a61bcb4e6b2bb2d746c2d6789d6c0b66198208b831f74b52198d744189
Deleted: sha256:f79670638074ff7fd293e753c11ea2ca0a2d92ab516d2f6b0bac3f4c6fed5d86
Deleted: sha256:189d55cdd18e4501032bb700a511c2d69c82fd75f1b619b5218ea6870e71e4aa
Deleted: sha256:cb038ed3e490a8c0f195cf135ac0d27dd8d3872598b1cb858c2666f2dae95a61
[root@localhost ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   2 months ago   141MB

5. 创建一个容器
参数：
–name 指定容器的名字
-d 后台启动这个容器
-P 自动端口映射
-p 8888:80 手动将容器里面的80端口映射到宿主机的8080端口
-it 指定/bin/bash交互式创建一个容器（创建时直接进入容器）
-v 挂载一个持久卷到容器指定目录（很有用）

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name nginx01   -d -P nginx  
2cd1473c04204e962b5af245f911946d481a7eb42be1da5bf9379cfd59757486
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name nginx02 -d -p 8888:80 nginx
e15d309f5a90ab744395d2ae3aba961a3e3af769e1bf0b60aa5d00edc1c7ac45
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it nginx /bin/bash
root@5d2f87b58964:/#

6. 查看创建的容器；停止容器；重启容器
参数：
docker ps -a 查看所有容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                           NAMES
e15d309f5a90   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.??   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes   0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp, :::8888->80/tcp           nginx02
2cd1473c0420   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.??   9 minutes ago   Up 9 minutes   0.0.0.0:49154->80/tcp, :::49154->80/tcp         nginx01
da58862a0561   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.??   40 hours ago    Up 40 hours    0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp         happy_sutherland
88d7e4f2b3bc   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.??   40 hours ago    Up 40 hours    80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->88/tcp, :::8080->88/tcp   quirky_jones
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 9da5bc27c49d
9da5bc27c49d
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart 9da5bc27c49d
9da5bc27c49d

7. 删除容器
参数：-f 强制删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 5d2f87b58964
5d2f87b58964

一次性强制删除所有容器（两种方式）

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
788d6737e0ce
e15d309f5a90
2cd1473c0420
da58862a0561
88d7e4f2b3bc
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq |xargs docker rm -f
ae56422484d1

8. 进入容器（两种方式）

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 9da5bc27c49d /bin/bash      //进入容器后开启一个新的终端
root@9da5bc27c49d:/# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach  9da5bc27c49d         //进入容器正在执行的终端

退出容器

root@9da5bc27c49d:/# exit
exit

Ctrl+p+q 容器运行状态退出

9. 查看日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs 9da5bc27c49d 
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.5
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2022/03/04 04:10:16 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34

10. 查看元数据

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 9da5bc27c49d

11. 查看进程

[root@localhost ~]# docker top  9da5bc27c49d
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                77206               77186               0                   23:19               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101                 77250               77206               0                   23:19               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
101                 77251               77206               0                   23:19               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
101                 77252               77206               0                   23:19               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
101                 77253               77206               0                   23:19               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

12.容器里面拷贝文件到宿主机

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp  9da5bc27c49d:/home/test.txt /root   注：//docker cp  容器id:文件地址   宿主机地址

13. docker信息查看docker info 和 docker version

[root@localhost ~]# docker info 
[root@localhost ~]# docker version