鸿蒙AI音乐生成器开发指南
一、系统架构设计
基于HarmonyOS的AI音乐生成能力和分布式技术，构建智能音乐创作系统：
- 用户界面层：提供情绪选择和音乐控制界面
- AI生成层：根据情绪生成匹配的背景音乐
- 音频处理层：播放和调整生成的音乐
- 跨端同步层：多设备间同步音乐播放状态
https://example.com/harmony-music-generator-arch.png
二、核心代码实现
1. 音乐生成服务封装
// MusicGenerationService.ets
import musicGeneration from '@ohos.ai.musicGeneration';
import distributedData from '@ohos.distributedData';
import { MusicParams, MusicMood, GeneratedMusic } from './MusicTypes';
class MusicGenerationService {
private static instance: MusicGenerationService = null;
private musicGenerator: musicGeneration.MusicGenerator;
private dataManager: distributedData.DataManager;
private musicListeners: MusicListener[] = [];
private constructor() {
this.initMusicGenerator();
this.initDataManager();
}
public static getInstance(): MusicGenerationService {
if (!MusicGenerationService.instance) {
MusicGenerationService.instance = new MusicGenerationService();
}
return MusicGenerationService.instance;
}
private initMusicGenerator(): void {
try {
const context = getContext() as common.Context;
this.musicGenerator = musicGeneration.createMusicGenerator(context);
} catch (err) {
console.error('初始化音乐生成器失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
}
}
private initDataManager(): void {
this.dataManager = distributedData.createDataManager({
bundleName: 'com.example.musicgenerator',
area: distributedData.Area.GLOBAL,
isEncrypted: true
});
this.dataManager.registerDataListener('music_sync', (data) => {
this.handleSyncData(data);
});
}
public async requestPermissions(): Promise<boolean> {
try {
const permissions = [
'ohos.permission.USE_AI',
'ohos.permission.MICROPHONE',
'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC'
];
const result = await abilityAccessCtrl.requestPermissionsFromUser(
getContext(),
permissions
);
return result.grantedPermissions.length === permissions.length;
} catch (err) {
console.error('请求权限失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
return false;
}
}
public async generateMusic(params: MusicParams): Promise<GeneratedMusic> {
try {
const moodConfig = this.getMoodConfig(params.mood);
const result = await this.musicGenerator.generate({
mood: moodConfig.mood,
tempo: moodConfig.tempo,
duration: params.duration,
instruments: moodConfig.instruments,
style: moodConfig.style
});
const generatedMusic: GeneratedMusic = {
id: Date.now().toString(),
mood: params.mood,
audioData: result.audioData,
duration: result.duration,
timestamp: Date.now()
};
// 同步生成的音乐
this.syncMusic(generatedMusic);
return generatedMusic;
} catch (err) {
console.error('生成音乐失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
throw err;
}
}
private getMoodConfig(mood: MusicMood): {
mood: string,
tempo: number,
instruments: string[],
style: string
} {
switch (mood) {
case 'happy':
return {
mood: 'happy',
tempo: 120,
instruments: ['piano', 'strings', 'bells'],
style: 'pop'
};
case 'calm':
return {
mood: 'calm',
tempo: 70,
instruments: ['piano', 'flute', 'harp'],
style: 'ambient'
};
case 'sad':
return {
mood: 'sad',
tempo: 60,
instruments: ['cello', 'violin', 'piano'],
style: 'classical'
};
case 'energetic':
return {
mood: 'energetic',
tempo: 140,
instruments: ['electric_guitar', 'drums', 'bass'],
style: 'rock'
};
default:
return {
mood: 'happy',
tempo: 120,
instruments: ['piano', 'strings', 'bells'],
style: 'pop'
};
}
}
private syncMusic(music: GeneratedMusic): void {
this.dataManager.syncData('music_sync', {
type: 'generated_music',
music: music,
timestamp: Date.now()
});
}
private handleSyncData(data: any): void {
if (!data || data.type !== 'generated_music') return;
this.notifyMusicListeners(data.music);
}
private notifyMusicListeners(music: GeneratedMusic): void {
this.musicListeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onMusicGenerated(music);
});
}
public addMusicListener(listener: MusicListener): void {
if (!this.musicListeners.includes(listener)) {
this.musicListeners.push(listener);
}
}
public removeMusicListener(listener: MusicListener): void {
this.musicListeners = this.musicListeners.filter(l => l !== listener);
}
}
interface MusicListener {
onMusicGenerated(music: GeneratedMusic): void;
}
export const musicGenerationService = MusicGenerationService.getInstance();
2. 音频播放服务封装
// AudioPlayerService.ets
import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio';
import { GeneratedMusic } from './MusicTypes';
class AudioPlayerService {
private static instance: AudioPlayerService = null;
private audioRenderer: audio.AudioRenderer;
private currentMusic: GeneratedMusic = null;
private isPlaying: boolean = false;
private constructor() {
this.initAudioRenderer();
}
public static getInstance(): AudioPlayerService {
if (!AudioPlayerService.instance) {
AudioPlayerService.instance = new AudioPlayerService();
}
return AudioPlayerService.instance;
}
private initAudioRenderer(): void {
const audioRendererOptions = {
streamInfo: {
samplingRate: audio.AudioSamplingRate.SAMPLE_RATE_44100,
channels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_2,
sampleFormat: audio.AudioSampleFormat.SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE,
encodingType: audio.AudioEncodingType.ENCODING_TYPE_RAW
},
rendererInfo: {
content: audio.ContentType.CONTENT_TYPE_MUSIC,
usage: audio.StreamUsage.STREAM_USAGE_MEDIA,
rendererFlags: 0
}
};
this.audioRenderer = audio.createAudioRenderer(audioRendererOptions);
}
public async playMusic(music: GeneratedMusic): Promise<void> {
if (this.isPlaying) {
await this.stop();
}
this.currentMusic = music;
try {
await this.audioRenderer.start();
const bufferSize = await this.audioRenderer.getBufferSize();
const audioData = music.audioData;
let offset = 0;
this.isPlaying = true;
while (offset < audioData.length && this.isPlaying) {
const chunkSize = Math.min(bufferSize, audioData.length - offset);
const chunk = audioData.slice(offset, offset + chunkSize);
await this.audioRenderer.write(chunk);
offset += chunkSize;
}
await this.audioRenderer.stop();
this.isPlaying = false;
} catch (err) {
console.error('播放音乐失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
this.isPlaying = false;
throw err;
}
}
public async stop(): Promise<void> {
if (!this.isPlaying) return;
try {
this.isPlaying = false;
await this.audioRenderer.stop();
await this.audioRenderer.flush();
} catch (err) {
console.error('停止播放失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
}
}
public getCurrentMusic(): GeneratedMusic | null {
return this.currentMusic;
}
public isMusicPlaying(): boolean {
return this.isPlaying;
}
}
export const audioPlayerService = AudioPlayerService.getInstance();
3. 主界面实现
// MainScreen.ets
import { musicGenerationService } from './MusicGenerationService';
import { audioPlayerService } from './AudioPlayerService';
import { MusicMood } from './MusicTypes';
@Component
export struct MainScreen {
@State selectedMood: MusicMood = 'happy';
@State isGenerating: boolean = false;
@State hasPermission: boolean = false;
@State currentMusic: GeneratedMusic | null = null;
@State isPlaying: boolean = false;
@State generationProgress: number = 0;
private moods: {value: MusicMood, label: string}[] = [
{value: 'happy', label: '快乐'},
{value: 'calm', label: '平静'},
{value: 'sad', label: '悲伤'},
{value: 'energetic', label: '活力'}
];
build() {
Column() {
// 标题栏
Row() {
Text('AI音乐生成器')
.fontSize(24)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.layoutWeight(1)
Button(this.hasPermission ? '生成' : '授权')
.width(80)
.onClick(() => {
if (this.hasPermission) {
this.generateMusic();
} else {
this.requestPermissions();
}
})
}
.padding(10)
.width('100%')
// 情绪选择
Text('选择情绪:')
.fontSize(18)
.margin({ top: 20, bottom: 10 })
Row() {
ForEach(this.moods, (mood) => {
Button(mood.label)
.stateStyles({
pressed: {
backgroundColor: this.selectedMood === mood.value ? '#E3F2FD' : '#F5F5F5'
}
})
.backgroundColor(this.selectedMood === mood.value ? '#E3F2FD' : '#F5F5F5')
.margin({ right: 10 })
.onClick(() => { this.selectedMood = mood.value; })
})
}
.width('100%')
.margin({ bottom: 20 })
// 生成进度
if (this.isGenerating) {
Column() {
Text('正在生成音乐...')
.fontSize(16)
.margin({ bottom: 10 })
Progress({
value: this.generationProgress,
total: 100,
type: ProgressType.Ring
})
.width(100)
.height(100)
}
.width('100%')
.margin({ top: 50 })
}
// 音乐控制
if (this.currentMusic && !this.isGenerating) {
Column() {
Text(`当前音乐: ${this.getMoodLabel(this.currentMusic.mood)}`)
.fontSize(18)
.margin({ bottom: 20 })
Row() {
Button(this.isPlaying ? '暂停' : '播放')
.width(120)
.height(50)
.fontSize(18)
.onClick(() => {
if (this.isPlaying) {
audioPlayerService.stop();
} else {
audioPlayerService.playMusic(this.currentMusic);
}
this.isPlaying = !this.isPlaying;
})
Button('重新生成')
.width(120)
.height(50)
.fontSize(18)
.margin({ left: 20 })
.onClick(() => {
this.generateMusic();
})
}
.margin({ top: 20 })
}
.width('100%')
.margin({ top: 30 })
} else if (!this.hasPermission) {
Column() {
Text('需要权限')
.fontSize(18)
.margin({ bottom: 10 })
Text('请点击右上角"授权"按钮，允许应用访问AI和音频功能')
.fontSize(16)
.fontColor('#666666')
}
.padding(20)
.width('90%')
.backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
.borderRadius(8)
.margin({ top: 50 })
} else if (!this.currentMusic && !this.isGenerating) {
Column() {
Text('点击"生成"按钮创建音乐')
.fontSize(18)
.margin({ bottom: 10 })
Text('根据您选择的情绪生成个性化背景音乐')
.fontSize(16)
.fontColor('#666666')
}
.padding(20)
.width('90%')
.backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')
.borderRadius(8)
.margin({ top: 50 })
}
}
.width('100%')
.height('100%')
.padding(20)
.onAppear(() => {
this.checkPermissions();
musicGenerationService.addMusicListener({
onMusicGenerated: (music) => {
this.handleMusicGenerated(music);
}
});
})
.onDisappear(() => {
musicGenerationService.removeMusicListener({
onMusicGenerated: (music) => {
this.handleMusicGenerated(music);
}
});
})
}
private getMoodLabel(mood: MusicMood): string {
const found = this.moods.find(m => m.value === mood);
return found ? found.label : '';
}
private async checkPermissions(): Promise<void> {
try {
const permissions = [
'ohos.permission.USE_AI',
'ohos.permission.MICROPHONE',
'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC'
];
const result = await abilityAccessCtrl.verifyPermissions(
getContext(),
permissions
);
this.hasPermission = result.every(perm => perm.granted);
} catch (err) {
console.error('检查权限失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
this.hasPermission = false;
}
}
private async requestPermissions(): Promise<void> {
this.hasPermission = await musicGenerationService.requestPermissions();
if (!this.hasPermission) {
prompt.showToast({ message: '授权失败，无法使用音乐生成功能' });
}
}
private async generateMusic(): Promise<void> {
if (this.isGenerating) return;
this.isGenerating = true;
this.generationProgress = 0;
// 模拟生成进度
const progressInterval = setInterval(() => {
if (this.generationProgress < 90) {
this.generationProgress += 10;
}
}, 300);
try {
const music = await musicGenerationService.generateMusic({
mood: this.selectedMood,
duration: 30 // 30秒音乐
});
this.currentMusic = music;
this.isPlaying = false;
} catch (err) {
console.error('生成音乐失败:', JSON.stringify(err));
prompt.showToast({ message: '生成音乐失败，请重试' });
} finally {
clearInterval(progressInterval);
this.generationProgress = 100;
setTimeout(() => {
this.isGenerating = false;
}, 500);
}
}
private handleMusicGenerated(music: GeneratedMusic): void {
if (music.mood !== this.selectedMood) return;
this.currentMusic = music;
this.isGenerating = false;
this.isPlaying = false;
}
}
4. 类型定义
// MusicTypes.ets
export type MusicMood = 'happy' | 'calm' | 'sad' | 'energetic';
export interface MusicParams {
mood: MusicMood;
duration: number; // 秒
}
export interface GeneratedMusic {
id: string;
mood: MusicMood;
audioData: ArrayBuffer;
duration: number; // 秒
timestamp: number;
}
三、项目配置与权限
1. 权限配置
// module.json5
{
"module": {
"requestPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.USE_AI",
"reason": "使用AI生成音乐"
},
{
"name": "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE",
"reason": "音频输入输出"
},
{
"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC",
"reason": "同步音乐数据"
}
],
"abilities": [
{
"name": "MainAbility",
"type": "page",
"visible": true
},
{
"name": "AudioAbility",
"type": "service",
"backgroundModes": ["audioPlayback"]
}
]
}
}
四、总结与扩展
本AI音乐生成器实现了以下核心功能：
- 情绪化音乐生成：根据快乐、平静、悲伤等情绪生成匹配音乐
- 实时音频处理：流畅播放生成的音乐
- 跨设备同步：多设备间同步音乐播放状态
- 用户友好界面：直观的情绪选择和音乐控制
扩展方向：
- 自定义参数：允许用户调整节奏、乐器等参数
- 音乐保存：将生成的音乐保存到本地
- 情绪检测：通过摄像头或语音分析自动检测用户情绪
- 音乐混合：叠加多种情绪生成复杂音乐
- 社交分享：分享生成的音乐到社交平台
通过HarmonyOS的AI音乐生成和分布式能力，我们构建了一个智能、个性化的音乐创作工具，让用户无需音乐专业知识也能轻松创作符合心境的背景音乐。
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