鸿蒙分布式家庭环境监测看板开发指南-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52190890/article/details/148843861

鸿蒙分布式家庭环境监测看板开发指南

一、项目概述

本方案实现基于鸿蒙5.0的智能家居环境监测系统，具有以下特点：

多设备传感器数据聚合
自适应亮度调节降低功耗
分布式数据实时共享
异常状态智能预警

二、技术架构

graph TD
    A[传感器节点] -->|低功耗蓝牙| B(手机/平板)
    B -->|分布式数据| C[智慧屏]
    C -->|软总线| D[其他家庭设备]
    B -->|HTTP| E[云服务]

三、核心代码实现

1. 环境数据模型定义

// EnvironmentData.ets
export class EnvData {
  deviceId: string = "";  // 设备唯一标识
  temperature: number = 0; // 温度(℃)
  humidity: number = 0;    // 湿度(%)
  pm25: number = 0;        // PM2.5值
  lux: number = 0;         // 光照强度(lx)
  timestamp: number = 0;   // 时间戳
  
  // 数据压缩方法（低功耗模式使用）
  compress(): string {
    return `${this.temperature.toFixed(1)},${this.humidity.toFixed(1)},${this.pm25}`;
  }
  
  // 数据校验
  validate(): boolean {
    return this.temperature > -20 && this.temperature < 60 &&
           this.humidity >= 0 && this.humidity <= 100 &&
           this.pm25 >= 0;
  }
}

2. 分布式数据管理

// DistributedDataManager.ets
import distributedData from '@ohos.data.distributedData';
import { EnvData } from './EnvironmentData';

const STORE_ID = "home_env_data";
const COLLECTION_ID = "env_collection";

export class EnvDataManager {
  private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager;
  private kvStore: distributedData.KVStore;
  
  // 初始化分布式数据库
  async init(): Promise<void> {
    const config = {
      bundleName: "com.smart.home",
      context: getContext(this)
    };
    
    this.kvManager = distributedData.createKVManager(config);
    this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore(STORE_ID, {
      createIfMissing: true,
      encrypt: false,
      kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION
    });
    
    // 注册数据变更监听
    this.kvStore.on('dataChange', distributedData.SubscribeType.SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ALL, (changes) => {
      this.handleDataChanges(changes);
    });
  }
  
  // 保存环境数据
  async saveData(data: EnvData): Promise<void> {
    if (!data.validate()) return;
    
    const key = `env_${data.deviceId}_${data.timestamp}`;
    await this.kvStore.put(key, JSON.stringify(data));
    
    // 低功耗同步策略
    const syncOpts = {
      devices: this.getSyncDevices(),
      mode: distributedData.SyncMode.PULL_ONLY,
      delay: this.getSyncDelay()
    };
    await this.kvStore.sync(syncOpts);
  }
  
  // 获取同步设备列表
  private getSyncDevices(): string[] {
    const devices = deviceManager.getAvailableDeviceListSync();
    return devices
      .filter(device => device.deviceType !== DeviceType.WATCH) // 排除手表
      .map(device => device.deviceId);
  }
  
  // 根据电量获取同步间隔
  private getSyncDelay(): number {
    const batteryLevel = battery.getCapacity();
    return batteryLevel > 50 ? 1000 : 5000; // 电量低时延长同步间隔
  }
  
  // 处理数据变更
  private handleDataChanges(changes: distributedData.ChangeNotification): void {
    changes.insertData.concat(changes.updateData).forEach(item => {
      const data = JSON.parse(item.value) as EnvData;
      AppStorage.setOrCreate(`envData_${data.deviceId}`, data);
    });
  }
}

3. 自适应亮度UI组件

// EnvDashboard.ets
@Component
export struct EnvDashboard {
  @StorageLink('envData_primary') primaryData: EnvData = new EnvData();
  @State currentLux: number = 0;
  
  // 光照传感器监听
  aboutToAppear() {
    sensor.on(sensor.SensorType.SENSOR_TYPE_LIGHT, (data) => {
      this.currentLux = data.value;
      this.adjustDisplay();
    });
  }
  
  // 亮度自适应调节
  private adjustDisplay() {
    const brightness = Math.min(1, this.currentLux / 10000 + 0.1);
    window.setBrightness(brightness);
    
    // 根据亮度切换主题
    const isDarkMode = this.currentLux < 50;
    AppStorage.setOrCreate('darkMode', isDarkMode);
  }
  
  build() {
    Column() {
      // 温度显示
      Gauge({
        value: this.primaryData.temperature,
        min: -10,
        max: 40
      }).width(150).height(150)
      
      // 湿度显示
      Row() {
        Text(`湿度: ${this.primaryData.humidity}%`)
        Progress({
          value: this.primaryData.humidity,
          total: 100
        }).width(100)
      }
      
      // PM2.5显示
      Badge({
        count: this.primaryData.pm25,
        position: BadgePosition.RightTop,
        style: { 
          color: this.getPm25Color(),
          fontSize: 14
        }
      }) {
        Text("PM2.5")
      }
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .padding(20)
  }
  
  // PM2.5颜色分级
  private getPm25Color(): ResourceColor {
    if (this.primaryData.pm25 > 150) return $r('app.color.danger');
    if (this.primaryData.pm25 > 75) return $r('app.color.warning');
    return $r('app.color.safe');
  }
}

4. 传感器数据聚合服务

// SensorService.ets
import { EnvData } from './EnvironmentData';
import { EnvDataManager } from './DistributedDataManager';

export class SensorService {
  private dataManager = new EnvDataManager();
  private cache: Map<string, EnvData> = new Map();
  
  async start() {
    await this.dataManager.init();
    
    // 定时聚合数据
    setInterval(() => {
      this.aggregateData();
    }, this.getAggregateInterval());
  }
  
  // 数据聚合处理
  private aggregateData(): void {
    const aggregated = new EnvData();
    aggregated.timestamp = new Date().getTime();
    
    // 计算平均值
    let tempSum = 0, humiSum = 0, pmSum = 0;
    this.cache.forEach(data => {
      tempSum += data.temperature;
      humiSum += data.humidity;
      pmSum += data.pm25;
    });
    
    aggregated.temperature = tempSum / this.cache.size;
    aggregated.humidity = humiSum / this.cache.size;
    aggregated.pm25 = pmSum / this.cache.size;
    
    // 保存聚合数据
    this.dataManager.saveData(aggregated);
  }
  
  // 根据设备数量调整聚合间隔
  private getAggregateInterval(): number {
    const deviceCount = this.cache.size;
    if (deviceCount === 0) return 10000;
    return Math.max(2000, 10000 - deviceCount * 500);
  }
  
  // 接收传感器数据
  onSensorData(deviceId: string, data: EnvData): void {
    data.deviceId = deviceId;
    this.cache.set(deviceId, data);
    
    // 低功耗模式下只缓存不立即上报
    if (!power.isLowPowerMode) {
      this.dataManager.saveData(data);
    }
  }
}

四、功耗优化关键点

1. 传感器采样优化

// 根据环境变化动态调整采样率
function getSampleInterval(): number {
  const lastChange = currentData.temperature - previousData.temperature;
  return Math.min(10000, Math.max(1000, 5000 - Math.abs(lastChange) * 100));
}

2. 数据传输压缩

// 低功耗模式使用简化数据格式
async sendData(data: EnvData) {
  const payload = power.isLowPowerMode ? 
    data.compress() : 
    JSON.stringify(data);
    
  await this.kvStore.put(`env_${Date.now()}`, payload);
}

3. 屏幕刷新控制

// 非活跃时降低刷新率
window.on('windowInactive', () => {
  this.setRefreshRate(30); // 30Hz
});

window.on('windowActive', () => {
  this.setRefreshRate(60); // 60Hz
});

五、完整使用示例

// MainPage.ets
import { EnvDataManager } from './DistributedDataManager';
import { SensorService } from './SensorService';

@Entry
@Component
struct MainPage {
  private dataManager = new EnvDataManager();
  private sensorService = new SensorService();
  
  aboutToAppear() {
    this.dataManager.init();
    this.sensorService.start();
    
    // 模拟接收传感器数据
    setInterval(() => {
      const mockData = new EnvData();
      mockData.temperature = 25 + Math.random() * 2;
      mockData.humidity = 50 + Math.random() * 10;
      mockData.pm25 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 50);
      this.sensorService.onSensorData('device1', mockData);
    }, 2000);
  }
  
  build() {
    Column() {
      // 标题栏
      Row() {
        Text('家庭环境监测').fontSize(20)
        DarkModeToggle()
      }.width('100%').padding(10)
      
      // 主仪表盘
      EnvDashboard()
      
      // 设备列表
      DeviceList()
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

@Component
struct DarkModeToggle {
  @StorageLink('darkMode') isDark: boolean = false;
  
  build() {
    Toggle({ type: ToggleType.Switch, isOn: this.isDark })
      .onChange((isOn: boolean) => {
        this.isDark = isOn;
        window.setBrightness(isOn ? 0.3 : 0.8);
      })
  }
}

六、测试验证方案

功耗测试：

// 记录功耗数据
power.startMonitoring((usage) => {
  console.log(`当前功耗: ${usage.currentPower}mA`);
});

多设备同步测试：
- 手机修改亮度设置验证平板同步
- 关闭网络测试离线缓存
- 模拟传感器异常数据

性能测试：

console.time('dataSync');
await dataManager.saveData(testData);
console.timeEnd('dataSync');

七、项目扩展方向

异常报警功能：

function checkAbnormal(data: EnvData) {
  if (data.temperature > 35) {
    alert('高温警告！');
  }
}

历史数据存储：

// 使用关系型数据库存储历史
const db = relationalStore.getRdbStore(context, {
  name: 'env_history.db',
  securityLevel: relationalStore.SecurityLevel.S1
});

语音控制集成：

voiceControl.on('brightness', (value) => {
  window.setBrightness(Number(value)/100);
});

本方案完整实现了基于鸿蒙5.0的分布式家庭环境监测系统，通过智能功耗管理策略，在保证数据实时性的同时显著降低设备能耗，适合作为智能家居中控系统的核心模块。