【2025】ubuntu22.04 docker安装全过程

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-30 17:16:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-05-30 17:16:35 发布

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文章标签： docker 容器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011017880/article/details/148215955

服务器是阿里云ubuntu22.04版本，因为centos已不再更新维护，所以改换ubuntu。

参考菜鸟教程Ubuntu Docker 安装 | 菜鸟教程

采用手动安装，自动安装报错，shell脚本不适合。

1、卸载旧版本

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

当前称为 Docker Engine-Community 软件包 docker-ce，所以后面如果卸载，也可以使用这条命令，软件包改为docker-ce。

2、使用 Docker 仓库进行安装

更新 apt 包索引。

sudo apt-get update

安装 apt 依赖包（跟docker无关，docker会用到的工具），用于通过HTTPS来获取仓库:

sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥：

curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

使用以下指令设置稳定版仓库

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/ \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update

安装最新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd ：

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

或者转到下一步安装特定版本，我改安装指定版本的，选择上一个版本最后的稳定版。要安装特定版本的 Docker Engine-Community，请在仓库中列出可用版本，然后选择一种安装。列出您的仓库中可用的版本：

$ apt-cache madison docker-ce

  docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  ...

使用第二列中的版本字符串安装特定版本，例如 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial。

sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli=<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io

测试 Docker 是否安装成功，输入以下指令，打印出以下信息则安装成功:

$ sudo docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete                                                                                                                                  Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest


Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.


To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.


To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash


Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/


For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

3、安装过程中，出现包过时需要重启的选项，不确定需要重启哪些服务，索性重新启动了服务器。

4、测试依然不通过，显示是连接不上仓库hub，安装卸载了一次，依然不行，docker官网也无法连接了，判断是国外的库不让连接了，配置国内镜像仓库：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
        "https://dockerproxy.com",
        "https://docker.nju.edu.cn"
    ]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

参考博文：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2301228?policyId=1004