轴承信号的包络谱分析、故障特征频率计算以及在帕德博恩（Paderborn）数据集测试

1 轴承损伤与故障

1.1 轴承故障的几个阶段以及检测方法

Stage 1: In this stage, the bearing is in perfect condition so that in the spectrum only the rotating frequency and possibly some of its harmonics are visible.
第一阶段：在这个阶段，轴承处于良好状态，只表现出旋转频率以及一些谐波。

Stage 2: Vibration readings occur at high frequency, and they are the first symptom of the beginning of the deterioration of a bearing. These readings are due to impacts, caused by a small defect, which tend to excite the high-frequency natural frequencies of the bearing races. These measurements are taken from the acceleration spectrum in a band between 1 kHz and 20 kHz.