Flask+MySQL学生信息维护系统

于 2023-06-25 19:10:11 发布
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这是一个基于Python的Flask框架和MySQL数据库构建的学生信息管理系统。系统实现了学生信息的录入、查询、修改、删除功能，以及登录控制和数据统计分析，包括性别比例的饼状图展示。登录功能未使用数据库，而是直接写死账号密码。系统提供前端界面，支持通过学号或姓名进行模糊查询和精确查询，以及按年龄升序排序学生信息。

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 Python课程期末项目，小白一个

【学生信息维护系统项目概述】

        学生管理系统是一个基于 Python 的 Flask + MySQL 项目，旨在实现对学生信息的管理和查询。该系统主要包括学生信息录入、信息查询、信息修改和信息删除，信息可视化等功能，以提高学校或教育机构对学生信息的管理效率和准确性。

【功能要求】

  1. 学生信息录入：管理员可以添加学生信息，包括学生学号、姓名、性别、年龄等。
  2. 学生信息查询：管理员可以根据学生姓名、学号条件进行学生信息的查询，并展示查询结果。
  3. 学生信息修改：管理员可以根据学生学号进行学生信息的修改，包括姓名、性别、年龄等。
  4. 学生信息删除：管理员可以根据学生学号进行学生信息的删除操作。
  5. 学生信息排序：管理员可以根据学生年龄进行学生信息的升序排序
  6. 数据统计与分析：系统可以进行学生信息的统计和分析，如统计男女性别比例，并以饼状图显示
  7. 登录与访问控制：系统需要实现用户登录功能，并对访问系统的权限进行控制，确保只有授权用户可以进行相关操作

【运行视频】

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1BV4y1y7aG/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=3ea11718fcda196523e3437c32bc83a6

【项目结构】

templates放的是前端代码，static是前端页面的美化文件，chart.png是生成的性别比例饼图

【数据库】

使用的MySQL数据库，8.0.26版本

数据库名flask，表名student

 

【登录功能】

登录功能没有使用数据库连接，直接写死了

可以通过设置Method指定提交方式为GET或者POST提交方式，默认为GET提交方式。

@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])  # 登录功能
def user_login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    username = request.form.get('username')
    password = request.form.get('password')
    if username == 'admin' and password == '123':
        return redirect(url_for('admin'))
    elif username == '' or password == '':
        js_code = "<script>alert('请输入账号密码！'); history.back();</script>"
        return js_code
    else:
        js_code = "<script>alert('登陆失败！'); history.back();</script>"
        return js_code
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    <title>Login</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/index.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/iconfont.css"/>
</head>
<body>

<form action="/login" method="post">
    <div id="login-box">
        <h1>Login</h1>
        <div class="input-box">
            <i class="iconfont">&#xe609;</i>
            <input name="username" type="text" class="loginuser" value="" placeholder="UserName"/>
        </div>
        <div class="input-box">
            <i class="iconfont">&#xe605;</i>
            <input name="password" type="password" class="loginpwd" value="" placeholder="UserPassword"/>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登录</button>
    </div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

 【添加学生信息】

通过前端获取的信息进行判断，再进入数据库

@app.route('/add', methods=['GET', 'POST'])  # 添加学生
def add():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('add.html')
    else:
        id = request.form.get('id')
        name = request.form.get('name')
        sex = request.form.get('sex')
        age = request.form.get('age')
        stu = getStudent(id)
        if id == "" or name == "" or sex == "" or age == "":
            js_code = "<script>alert('请填写完整信息！'); history.back();</script>"
            return js_code
        elif stu:
            js_code = "<script>alert('学生已存在！'); history.back();</script>"
            return js_code
        else:
            addstudent(id, name, sex, age)
            return redirect(url_for('admin'))

def addstudent(id, name, sex, age):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "insert into student (id,name,sex,age) values ('" + id + "','" + name + "','" + sex + "','" + age + "')"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    db.commit()
    db.close()
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    <title>新增数据</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/bootstrap.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add" style="width: 400px; margin: 100px auto" method="post">
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="id" class="form-label">学号</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id" aria-describedby="emailHelp" name="id">
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="name" class="form-label">姓名</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name">
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="english" class="form-label">性别</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="sex" name="sex">
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="python" class="form-label">年龄</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" name="age">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

【删除学生信息】

通过判断获取id是否存在数据库中进行删除操作

@app.route('/delete/<id>', methods=['GET'])  # 删除学生
def delete(id):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "delete from student where id=" + str(id)
    cursor.execute(sql)
    db.commit()
    db.close()
    return redirect(url_for('admin'))
<form action="/delete/{{ stu[0] }}" method="get" style="display: inline-block;">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-danger btn-sm">删除</button>
</form>

【修改学生信息】

先根据学生id读取数据库学生信息，显示在前端表单

再获取修改后的信息，更新数据库

@app.route('/modify/<id>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])  # 修改学生
def modify(id):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        students = getStudents()
        editStudent = getStudent(id)
        id = editStudent[0]
        name = editStudent[1]
        sex = editStudent[2]
        age = editStudent[3]
        return render_template('modify.html', students=students, id=id, name=name, sex=sex, age=age)
    else:
        id = request.form.get('id')
        name = request.form.get('name')
        sex = request.form.get('sex')
        age = request.form.get('age')
        if name == '' or sex == '' or age == '':
            js_code = "<script>alert('请输入修改信息！'); history.back();</script>"
            return js_code
        else:
            updateStudent(id, name, sex, age)
            return redirect(url_for('admin'))

def updateStudent(id, name, sex, age):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "update student set name='%s',sex='%s', age='%s' WHERE id=%s" % (name, sex, age, id)
    cursor.execute(sql)
    print(sql)
    db.commit()
    db.close()
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    <title>修改数据</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/bootstrap.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/modify/{{ id }}" style="width: 400px; margin: 100px auto" method="post">
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="id" class="form-label">学号</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id" name="id" value="{{ id }}"readonly>
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="name" class="form-label">姓名</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" value="{{ name }}">
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="english" class="form-label">性别</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="sex" name="sex" value="{{ sex }}">
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="python" class="form-label">年龄</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" name="age" value="{{ age }}">
    </div>

    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">修改</button>
</form>

</body>
</html>

【查询学生信息】

根据姓名查询为模糊查询

根据学号查询诶精准查询

@app.route('/search', methods=['POST'])  # 查询学生
def search():
    if request.form.get('name') != '':  # 根据姓名查询
        name = request.form.get('name')
        students = searchstudents(name)
        return render_template('admin.html', student=students)
    elif request.form.get('id') != '':  # 根据学号查询
        id = request.form.get('id')
        students1 = searchstu1(id)
        return render_template('admin.html', student=students1)
    elif request.form.get('id') == '' and request.form.get('name') == '':
        js_code = "<script>alert('请输入查询内容！'); history.back();</script>"
        return js_code
def searchstudents(name):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "select * from student where name like '%" + name + "%'"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    rows = cursor.fetchall()
    for row in rows:
        print(row[1])
    db.close()
    return rows
def searchstu1(id):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = f"select * from student where id={id}"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    rows = cursor.fetchall()
    for row in rows:
        print(row[1])
    db.close()
    return rows
<form action="/search" class="row g-3" method="post">
    <div class="col-auto">
        <label class="visually-hidden">学号</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="id" placeholder="学号">
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto">
        <label class="visually-hidden">姓名</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" placeholder="姓名">
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-success mb-3">查找</button>
    </div>
</form>

【排序学生信息】

读取学生年龄，ASC升序排序

@app.route('/sort', methods=['GET'])  # 根据年龄排序
def sort():
    students = get_Sort_Students()
    return render_template('admin.html', student=students)
def get_Sort_Students():
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "select * from student order by  age asc"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    row = cursor.fetchall()
    db.close()
    return row
<form action="/sort" class="row g-3">
    <div class="col-auto">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-info mb-3">排序</button>
    </div>
</form>

【学生信息可视化】

将数据库读取到的性别比例写为列表，再创建饼图

@app.route('/home')
def home():
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    query = "select sex, count(*) from student group by sex"
    cursor.execute(query)
    data = cursor.fetchall()
    # 将查询结果转换为列表形式
    gender_data = [{'gender': row[0], 'count': row[1]} for row in data]
    cursor.close()
    db.close()
    # 提取性别列表和数量列表
    genders = [row['gender'] for row in gender_data]
    counts = [row['count'] for row in gender_data]
    explode = [0.1, 0]
    # 创建饼图
    matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.pie(counts, labels=genders, autopct='%1.1f%%', explode=explode, shadow=True,
            textprops={'fontsize': 16, 'color': 'white'})
    plt.axis('equal')
    # 保存饼图为图片
    chart_path = 'static/chart.png'
    plt.savefig(chart_path, transparent=True)
    # 渲染模板并传递饼图路径
    return render_template('home.html', chart_path=chart_path)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>性别比例饼图</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row align-items-start">
        <div class="col">
            <ul class="nav flex-column" style="width: 120px; margin: 40px auto">
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="/admin">管理功能</a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link" href="/home">可视化功能</a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link" href="/login">退出登录</a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col">
            <div class="text-center" style="width: 933px; margin: 15px auto">
                <h1>性别比例饼图</h1>
                <img src="{{ chart_path }}" alt="Gender Chart">
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

【完整代码】

manage.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# time: 2023/6/18 10:09
# file: manage.py
# author: sober

import matplotlib
from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for
import pymysql
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

app = Flask(__name__)

dbhost = '127.0.0.1'
dbuser = 'root'
dbpass = '123456'
dbname = 'flask'


def getStudents():
    # 打开数据库连接 主机地址  用户名 密码 数据库
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "select * from student"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    rows = cursor.fetchall()
    db.close()
    return rows


def getStudent(id):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "select * from student where id=" + str(id)
    cursor.execute(sql)
    row = cursor.fetchone()
    db.close()
    return row


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return redirect(url_for('user_login'))


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])  # 登录功能
def user_login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    username = request.form.get('username')
    password = request.form.get('password')
    if username == 'admin' and password == '123':
        return redirect(url_for('admin'))
    elif username == '' or password == '':
        js_code = "<script>alert('请输入账号密码！'); history.back();</script>"
        return js_code
    else:
        js_code = "<script>alert('登陆失败！'); history.back();</script>"
        return js_code


@app.route('/admin', methods=['POST', 'GET'])  # 管理功能
def admin():
    students = getStudents()
    return render_template('admin.html', student=students)


@app.route('/home')
def home():
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    query = "select sex, count(*) from student group by sex"
    cursor.execute(query)
    data = cursor.fetchall()
    # 将查询结果转换为列表形式
    gender_data = [{'gender': row[0], 'count': row[1]} for row in data]
    cursor.close()
    db.close()
    # 提取性别列表和数量列表
    genders = [row['gender'] for row in gender_data]
    counts = [row['count'] for row in gender_data]
    explode = [0.1, 0]
    # 创建饼图
    matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.pie(counts, labels=genders, autopct='%1.1f%%', explode=explode, shadow=True,
            textprops={'fontsize': 16, 'color': 'white'})
    plt.axis('equal')
    # 保存饼图为图片
    chart_path = 'static/chart.png'
    plt.savefig(chart_path, transparent=True)
    # 渲染模板并传递饼图路径
    return render_template('home.html', chart_path=chart_path)


@app.route('/add', methods=['GET', 'POST'])  # 添加学生
def add():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('add.html')
    else:
        id = request.form.get('id')
        name = request.form.get('name')
        sex = request.form.get('sex')
        age = request.form.get('age')
        stu = getStudent(id)
        if id == "" or name == "" or sex == "" or age == "":
            js_code = "<script>alert('请填写完整信息！'); history.back();</script>"
            return js_code
        elif stu:
            js_code = "<script>alert('学生已存在！'); history.back();</script>"
            return js_code
        else:
            addstudent(id, name, sex, age)
            return redirect(url_for('admin'))


def addstudent(id, name, sex, age):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "insert into student (id,name,sex,age) values ('" + id + "','" + name + "','" + sex + "','" + age + "')"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    db.commit()
    db.close()


@app.route('/sort', methods=['GET'])  # 根据年龄排序
def sort():
    students = get_Sort_Students()
    return render_template('admin.html', student=students)


def get_Sort_Students():
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "select * from student order by  age asc"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    row = cursor.fetchall()
    db.close()
    return row


@app.route('/search', methods=['POST'])  # 查询学生
def search():
    if request.form.get('name') != '':  # 根据姓名查询
        name = request.form.get('name')
        students = searchstudents(name)
        return render_template('admin.html', student=students)
    elif request.form.get('id') != '':  # 根据学号查询
        id = request.form.get('id')
        students1 = searchstu1(id)
        return render_template('admin.html', student=students1)
    elif request.form.get('id') == '' and request.form.get('name') == '':
        js_code = "<script>alert('请输入查询内容！'); history.back();</script>"
        return js_code


def searchstudents(name):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "select * from student where name like '%" + name + "%'"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    rows = cursor.fetchall()
    for row in rows:
        print(row[1])
    db.close()
    return rows


def searchstu1(id):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = f"select * from student where id={id}"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    rows = cursor.fetchall()
    for row in rows:
        print(row[1])
    db.close()
    return rows


@app.route('/modify/<id>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])  # 修改学生
def modify(id):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        students = getStudents()
        editStudent = getStudent(id)
        id = editStudent[0]
        name = editStudent[1]
        sex = editStudent[2]
        age = editStudent[3]
        return render_template('modify.html', students=students, id=id, name=name, sex=sex, age=age)
    else:
        id = request.form.get('id')
        name = request.form.get('name')
        sex = request.form.get('sex')
        age = request.form.get('age')
        if name == '' or sex == '' or age == '':
            js_code = "<script>alert('请输入修改信息！'); history.back();</script>"
            return js_code
        else:
            updateStudent(id, name, sex, age)
            return redirect(url_for('admin'))


def updateStudent(id, name, sex, age):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "update student set name='%s',sex='%s', age='%s' WHERE id=%s" % (name, sex, age, id)
    cursor.execute(sql)
    print(sql)
    db.commit()
    db.close()


@app.route('/delete/<id>', methods=['GET'])  # 删除学生
def delete(id):
    db = pymysql.connect(host=dbhost, user=dbuser, password=dbpass, database=dbname)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = "delete from student where id=" + str(id)
    cursor.execute(sql)
    db.commit()
    db.close()
    return redirect(url_for('admin'))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run('127.0.0.1', 5002, debug=True)

admin.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>学生信息管理</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>

<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row align-items-start">
        <div class="col">
            <ul class="nav flex-column " style="width: 120px; margin: 40px auto">
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="/admin">管理功能</a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link" href="/home">可视化功能</a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link" href="/login" >退出登录</a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col">
            <table class="table" style="width: 900px; margin: 40px auto">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th scope="col">
                        <form action="/search" class="row g-3" method="post">
                            <div class="col-auto">
                                <label class="visually-hidden">学号</label>
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="id" placeholder="学号">
                            </div>
                            <div class="col-auto">
                                <label class="visually-hidden">姓名</label>
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" placeholder="姓名">
                            </div>
                            <div class="col-auto">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-success mb-3">查找</button>
                            </div>
                        </form>
                    </th>
                    <th scope="col">
                        <form action="/add" class="row g-3">
                            <div class="col-auto">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-info mb-3">添加学生</button>
                            </div>
                        </form>
                    </th>
                    <th scope="col">
                        <form action="/sort" class="row g-3">
                            <div class="col-auto">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-info mb-3">排序</button>
                            </div>
                        </form>
                    </th>
                    <th scope="col">
                        <form action="/admin" class="row g-3">
                            <div class="col-auto">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-info mb-3">返回</button>
                            </div>
                        </form>
                    </th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="4">
                        <div class="table-responsive">
                            <table class="table table-hover" style="width: 900px; margin: 0 auto">
                                <thead>
                                <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">学号</th>
                                    <th scope="col">姓名</th>
                                    <th scope="col">性别</th>
                                    <th scope="col">年龄</th>
                                    <th scope="col">操作</th>
                                </tr>
                                </thead>
                                <tbody>
                                {#
            需要将 Python 对象的数据显示到浏览器上， 模板语法
            jinja2(flask) numjucks(javascript) moka(django) vue

            jinja2 可以直接在HTML中写 Python 的逻辑
        #}
                                {% for stu in student %}
                                    <tr>
                                        <th>{{ stu[0] }}</th>
                                        <td>{{ stu[1] }}</td>
                                        <td>{{ stu[2] }}</td>
                                        <td>{{ stu[3] }}</td>
                                        <td>
                                            <form action="/delete/{{ stu[0] }}" method="get"
                                                  style="display: inline-block;">
                                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-danger btn-sm">删除
                                                </button>
                                            </form>
                                            <form action="/modify/{{ stu[0] }}" method="get"
                                                  style="display: inline-block;">
                                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-warning btn-sm">修改
                                                </button>
                                            </form>
                                        </td>
                                    </tr>
                                {% endfor %}
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>

            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>


</body>
</html>

【项目截图】

 

 

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