一键cia文件转cci_几十年来，CIA秘密经营着全球最大的加密公司之一

by Ryan Whitwam

瑞安·惠特瓦姆(Ryan Whitwam)

For decades, Swiss firm Crypto AG supplied governments around the world with encrypted communication systems. Most of its 62 customers never suspected anything was amiss, but a new report from The Washington Post and German broadcaster ZDF reveals that Crypto AG was actually owned by the CIA and West German intelligence (BND). For decades, the agencies effortlessly eavesdropped on the secure communications of allies and enemies alike.

几十年来，瑞士公司Crypto AG为世界各地的政府提供了加密的通信系统。 它的62位客户中的大多数从未怀疑有任何问题，但是《华盛顿邮报》和德国广播公司ZDF的最新报告显示， Crypto AG实际上是由中央情报局和西德情报局(BND)拥有的 。 几十年来，这些机构毫不费力地窃听了盟友和敌人的安全通讯。

Crypto AG didn’t start as a CIA operation — it was the brainchild of Russian-born inventor Boris Hagelin. Hagelin fled to Sweden when the Bolsheviks took power in Russia and then fled again to the US when the Nazis swept into Sweden. While in the US, he helped develop the M-209 encryption machine for US forces. After the war, Hagelin returned to Europe to reestablish Crypto AG in Switzerland. There, he developed more advanced versions of the pin-and-lug type encryption he used in the M-209.

Crypto AG并不是从CIA的业务开始的-它是俄罗斯出生的发明家Boris Hagelin的创意。 当布尔什维克在俄罗斯掌权时，哈格林逃到瑞典，然后在纳粹席卷瑞典时再次逃到美国。 在美国期间，他帮助开发了用于美军的M-209加密机。 战后，哈格林返回欧洲，在瑞士重新建立了Crypto AG。 在那里，他开发了M-209中使用的即插即用型加密的更高级版本。

According to the classified CIA documents obtained by The Post and ZDF, the CIA became concerned that Hagelin’s machines would allow other nations to completely obscure their communications, so it developed a plan to “deny” that technology to them. Knowing Hagelin held a great fondness for the US, intelligence officials approached him with a proposal. The CIA would pay Crypto AG to keep its more sophisticated cipher machines out of the hands of select nations. That would make their communications easier to intercept.

根据《邮报》和ZDF获得的CIA机密文件，CIA开始担心Hagelin的机器会允许其他国家完全掩盖其通信，因此制定了一项计划，以“拒绝”他们的技术。 情报官员在得知哈格琳对美国情有独钟后，向他提出了一项建议。 中央情报局将向加密货币公司付款，以使其更先进的密码机不受某些国家的控制。 这将使他们的通信更容易被拦截。

That arrangement suited the CIA just fine throughout the 1950s and 1960s, but the agency worried what would happen when Hagelin retired or died. In the mid-60s, the CIA and Crypto AG began cooperating more closely. As integrated circuits replaced geared encryption, the CIA designed a seemingly secure system that it could easily decipher. That formed the basis of Crypto AG’s new flagship products. In 1969, the CIA and BND purchased Crypto AG in secret, obscuring their control of the company with the help of a law firm in Liechtenstein.

这种安排在整个1950年代和1960年代都适合中央情报局，但该机构担心哈格林退休或去世后会发生什么。 在60年代中期，CIA和Crypto AG开始更紧密地合作。 随着集成电路取代齿轮加密，CIA设计了看似安全的系统，可以轻松地对其进行解密。 这构成了Crypto AG新旗舰产品的基础。 1969年，CIA和BND秘密收购了Crypto AG，在列支敦士登的一家律师事务所的帮助下，他们模糊了对Crypto AG的控制。

Crypto AG continued operating as one of the world’s most successful secure communication firms throughout the late 20th century. Employees of the company thought they were providing powerful encryption systems to customers like Argentina, Libya, Iran, Brazil, India, and Egypt. However, the CIA and BND were able to read any correspondence they intercepted from Crypto AG machines.

在整个20世纪后期，Crypto AG一直是世界上最成功的安全通信公司之一。 该公司的员工认为他们正在为阿根廷，利比亚，伊朗，巴西，印度和埃及等客户提供功能强大的加密系统。 但是，CIA和BND能够读取他们从Crypto AG机器截获的任何通信。

Several nations became suspicious of Crypto AG in the late 80s when US President Ronald Regan chastised Libya for the way it gloated over a Berlin terrorist attack. He was so specific that Iran became concerned that the US had compromised the Crypto AG systems both it and Libya used. Iranian authorities detained a Crypto AG salesman for nine months. Upon his release, the man spoke to the media about his suspicions that Crypto AG was not what it appeared to be.

80年代后期，当美国总统罗纳德·里根(Ronald Regan)谴责利比亚因柏林恐怖袭击而幸灾乐祸时，几个国家开始对Crypto AG产生怀疑。 他是如此具体，以至于伊朗开始担心美国损害了它和利比亚使用的Crypto AG系统。 伊朗当局拘留了Crypto AG销售人员9个月。 该男子获释后，向媒体讲述了他对Crypto AG似乎不是事实的怀疑。

BND pulled out in the early 90s, fearing the operation might be revealed. However, the CIA remained in control of Crypto AG until 2018 when the firm was liquidated. By then, widely available online technologies had largely replaced Crypto AG products, but its hardware is still in use around the world. Probably not for much longer, though.

BND在90年代初退出，担心该行动可能会曝光。 然而，直到2018年该公司清算为止，CIA一直控制着Crypto AG。 到那时，广泛使用的在线技术已在很大程度上取代了Crypto AG产品，但其硬件仍在世界范围内使用。 不过，可能不会持续太久。

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Originally published at https://www.extremetech.com on February 11, 2020.

最初于 2020年2月11日 在 https://www.extremetech.com 上 发布 。