iOS - ViewController的生命周期

一 生命周期图

UIViewController生命周期介绍

• 通过alloc init 分配内存，初始化controller.
  在init里应该只有相关数据的初始化，而且这些数据都是比较关键的数据。init里不要掉self.view，否则会导致viewcontroller创建view。
• loadview中这个方法中，要正式加载View.（是一个方法）
  负责创建UIViewController的view ,如果我们没有重载这个方法。它会调用[super loadView];返回一个View .
  一般用于创建比较关键的tableViewController和tableView，UINavigationController的navgationBar，不可掉用view的getter（在掉super loadView前）在get方法里，会判断view是否已经存在，存在直接返回，不存在调用loadview.
• viewDidLoad 当loadview创建完view后，此时view已经完成加载，会调用viewDidLoad方法。
  一般在这里做界面上的初始化操作，比如添加按钮，子视图。

• load view 和viewDidLoad 区别
  在 loadView 之前，是没有 view 的，也就是说，在这之前，view 还没有被初始化。完成 viewDidLoad 方法后，ViewController 里面就成功的加载 view了
  loadView只会被调用一次，而viewDidLoad可能会被调用多次（View可能会被多次加载）.

• viewWillAppear,当view在load完之后，将要显示在屏幕之前会调用这个方法,在view被添加到superview之前，切换动画之前调用。在这里可以进行一些显示前的处理。比如键盘弹出，一些特殊的过程动画（比如状态条和navigationbar颜色）。
• viewDidAppear，当view已经在屏幕上显示出来
  一般用于显示后，在切换动画后，如果有需要的操作，可以在这里加入相关代码。
• viewWillDisappear,当视图将要从屏幕中移除时调用
• viewDidDisappear,当视图已经从屏幕上移除时调用
• viewWillLayoutSubviews： 控制器的view将要布局子控件(在这个方法里，部署需要改变重新刷新view的代码，功能类似viewlayoutSubViews()这个方法，需要注意的是，这个方法里一般都需要重置的view的frame,宽度和高度的获取，因此view的frame一般都写在这个方法里)
• viewDidLayoutSubviews： 控制器的view布局子控件完成
• dealloc 视图被销毁，此处需要对你在init和viewDidLoad中创建的对象进行释放
• viewDidUnload: 卸载view。

代码显示

viewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "SecondViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    NSLog(@"viewDidLoad");
    UIButton *btn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [self.view addSubview:btn];
    [btn setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [btn setTitle:@"按钮" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    btn.frame = CGRectMake(200, 200, 100, 40);
    [btn addTarget:self action:@selector(press) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    
}

//gray当view调用完load之后，在显示屏幕之前调用这个方法
- (void) viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    _gray = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 300, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height)];
    [self.view addSubview:_gray];
    _gray.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    NSLog(@"graywillAppear");
}


//blue 在view已经在屏幕上显现之后，调用这个方法
- (void) viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    _blue = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 300, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height)];
    [self.view addSubview:_blue];
    _blue.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    NSLog(@"blueViewDidAppear");
}

//red 当view将要从屏幕上移除时
- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
    _red = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 300, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height / 1.5)];
    [self.view addSubview:_red];
    _red.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    NSLog(@"redViewWillDisappear");
}

//orange 当view已经从屏幕上移除时
- (void) viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated
{
    _orange = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 300, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height)];
    [self.view addSubview:_orange];
    _orange.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    NSLog(@"orangeDidDisappear");
}

- (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
    _purper = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,300, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height)];
    [self.view addSubview:_purper];
    _purper.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor];
    NSLog(@"purpleviewDidLayoutSubviews");
}

- (void)viewWillLayoutSubviews{
    _yellow =[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,300, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height)];
    [self.view addSubview:_yellow];
    _yellow.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    NSLog(@"yellowviewWillLayoutSubviews");
}

- (void) loadView{
    [super loadView];//要调用父类
    UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 10, 99, 99)];
    view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view];
    NSLog(@"loadview");
}

-(void) press
{
    NSLog(@"------ press button ------");
    SecondViewController *second = [[SecondViewController alloc]init];
    second.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    second.modalPresentationStyle = UIModalPresentationFullScreen;
    [self presentViewController:second animated:NO completion:nil];
}

@end

SecondViewController.m

#import "SecondViewController.h"

@interface SecondViewController ()

@end

@implementation SecondViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    
    UIButton *btn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [btn setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    btn.frame = CGRectMake(100, 200, 100, 40);
    [btn setTitle:@"返回" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [btn addTarget:self action:@selector(press2) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:btn];
    
}

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{
    NSLog(@"view2willappear");
}

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated{
    NSLog(@"view2willDisAppear");
}

- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated{
    NSLog(@"view2alreadyappear");
}

- (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated{
    NSLog(@"view2alreadydisappear");
}

- (void) press2{
    NSLog(@"------- press back -------");
    [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:NO completion:nil];
}

/*
#pragma mark - Navigation

// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {
    // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
    // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
}
*/

@end

结果

代码地址