cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

### Keepalived 命令列表及用法 #### 启动和停止 Keepalived 服务 为了启动或停止 Keepalived 服务，可以使用 `systemctl` 或者传统的 `/etc/init.d/keepalived` 脚本。 ```bash # 使用 systemctl 控制 Keepalived 服务 systemctl start keepalived.service # 启动 Keepalived 服务 systemctl stop keepalived.service # 停止 Keepalived 服务 systemctl restart keepalived.service # 重启 Keepalived 服务 systemctl status keepalived.service # 查看 Keepalived 服务的状态 ``` 对于不支持 `systemctl` 的旧版本 Linux 发行版，则可采用如下方式操作： ```bash # 使用 init.d 脚本来控制 Keepalived 服务 /etc/init.d/keepalived start # 启动 Keepalived 服务 /etc/init.d/keepalived stop # 停止 Keepalived 服务 /etc/init.d/keepalived restart # 重启 Keepalived 服务 /etc/init.d/keepalived status # 查看 Keepalived 服务的状态 ``` #### 配置文件复制与安装路径设置 当从源码编译安装 Keepalived 后，默认位置可能不在系统的标准路径下。因此需要手动将二进制文件和服务脚本拷贝到合适的位置以便于管理和调用[^2]。 ```bash cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ ``` #### 编辑配置文件 编辑 Keepalived 主要通过修改位于 `/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf` 文件来进行配置调整。此文件包含了核心参数以及 VRRP 和健康检测的相关设定[^1]。 ```bash vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ``` #### 日志查看 Keepalived 运行期间的日志信息通常会被记录在系统日志中，可以通过查阅这些日志了解 Keepalived 当前的工作情况。 ```bash tail -f /var/log/messages | grep keepalived # 实时跟踪包含 "keepalived" 关键字的消息日志 journalctl -u keepalived # 如果启用了 systemd-journald, 则可以用 journalctl 来读取日志 ```

### 配置 Redis 高可用性方案 #### 使用 Keepalived 实现 Redis 主从切换机制 为了实现 Redis 的高可用性，可以利用 Keepalived 来管理虚拟 IP (VIP)，并根据业务进程的状态来触发主备节点之间的自动切换。具体操作如下： - **安装 Keepalived** 按照标准流程下载、编译和安装 Keepalived 软件包[^3]。 ```bash wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.19 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived make && make install cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ mkdir /etc/keepalived ``` - **配置 Keepalived** 编辑 `/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf` 文件，在其中定义 VRRP 实例以及健康检查策略。对于 Redis 应用场景而言，建议通过自定义脚本来检测 Redis 进程和服务状态，并据此调整 VIP 归属[^4]。 ```plaintext vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 12345678 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.1.100 } track_script { chk_redis_master } } ``` 在此基础上编写 `chk_redis_master.sh` 脚本用于监测 Redis Master 是否正常工作: ```bash #!/bin/bash # Check if the current node is a master and healthy. IS_MASTER=$(redis-cli info replication | grep role | awk '{print $NF}') if [[ "${IS_MASTER}" != "master" ]]; then exit 1; fi PING_RESULT=$(redis-cli ping) [[ "${PING_RESULT}" == "PONG" ]] || exit 1; exit 0 ``` 确保此脚本具有可执行权限并将它放置于合适位置以便被 Keepalived 所调用。 - **优化日志记录方式** 为了让运维人员更容易追踪 Keepalived 和 Redis 的交互情况，应该重新指定日志输出路径[^5]: ```bash sed -i 's/^KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS=""/KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-f \/etc\/keepalived\/keepalived.conf -D -S 2"/g' /etc/sysconfig/keepalived echo "local2.* /var/log/keepalived.log" >> /etc/rsyslog.conf service rsyslog restart ``` 以上措施能够有效提升基于 Keepalived 架构下的 Redis HA 解决方案的质量与稳定性。