iPhone开发入门教程：从零开始构建iOS应用

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本篇教程是针对初学者的"iPhone开发入门教程"，由Apple Inc.于2008年5月2日发布。这份文档详细介绍了如何在iPhone平台上进行应用程序的开发，旨在帮助读者掌握iOS编程的基础知识。Apple强调了版权保护，规定未经其书面许可，用户只能在个人设备上存储文档供个人使用，并且可以打印文档供个人参考，但必须保留Apple的版权声明。教程内容涵盖的核心知识点包括： 1. **iPhone OS Programming Guide**：文档的主要部分提供了对iPhone操作系统（iPhone OS）环境下的编程指南，这涉及Objective-C（Objective-C是苹果开发iOS应用的主要编程语言）和Swift（现代的Swift语言，后来取代Objective-C成为主要开发工具）的基础语法和编程实践。 2. **版权政策**：文档明确指出，除非获得Apple Inc.的书面许可，否则任何复制、存储或传输文档的行为都是违法的，特别是商业用途中使用带有"keyboard" Apple logo（Option-Shift-K）可能侵犯商标权和构成不公平竞争。 3. **许可证与知识产权**：苹果声明没有授予与文档中描述的技术相关的任何许可证，这意味着开发者只能按照文档指导开发应用程序，不得擅自复制或转让技术内容中的知识产权。 4. **目标受众与目的**：此教程旨在为应用程序开发者提供开发工具和技术的引导，帮助他们构建能在iPhone和iOS设备上运行的应用程序，满足苹果对软件质量和服务标准的要求。 5. **个人使用权限**：用户被允许在个人电脑上保存文档并打印个人使用的版本，但必须遵守版权规定，确保包含原始版权声明。这篇"iPhone开发入门教程"是一份重要的资源，对于想要进入iOS开发领域的人来说，它提供了必要的基础知识和指导，同时强调了法律义务和开发者应有的尊重。通过学习，读者将能够理解和遵循苹果平台的规定，踏上iOS应用开发的职业道路。

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INTRODUCTION

Introduction

iPhone OS is the platform used to develop applications for iPhone and iPod touch devices. iPhone

OS complements the existing support for web applications by providing an environment for running

applications natively on a device. The applications you create live side by side with the system

applications, such as the Phone, iPod, Stocks, and Weather applications and are built using most of

the same frameworks. Native applications provide a natural performance advantage over web

applications that can be used to create more advanced applications such as games. They also let you

interact with features that might not be available in a web-based application, such as the accelerometers.

If you are an existing Mac OS X developer, some aspects of iPhone OS should seem very familiar.

Many of the same underlying technologies used to build Mac OS X applications are also used to build

iPhone applications. iPhone OS leverages the maturity of the Mac OS X architecture and framework

stack to provide a reliable and already tested platform for developing applications. Even the newer

frameworks that do not have direct analogs in Mac OS X still borrow from the basic structure and

design methodologies that have already been proven on that platform.

In addition to the platform technologies, the development environment in Mac OS X is based on

another proven technology: the Xcode development tools. Xcode makes it easy to develop and test

your iPhone applications locally, on your Mac OS X development system, and on a device. When you

build an application, you tell Xcode whether you want to build and run that application and run it

on a device or in the iPhone simulator. The simulator mimics most of the iPhone OS environment,

providing a way for you to get your application up and running quickly. Of course, some features,

like the ability to receive multiple touch events, require you to do your testing on a device, but going

back and forth between the simulator and device is easy.

All of the tools and technologies you need to develop applications for iPhone OS are included with

the iPhone SDK.

iPhone OS Feature Summary

The following list is a high-level summary of some of the features available in iPhone OS. Because

the technology stack in iPhone OS is rich, this list does not call out every feature, but instead tries to

call out some of the more specialized features that you might be interested in as an application

developer. For a specific list of frameworks and technologies available in iPhone OS, see “iPhone OS

Technologies” (page 33).

■

Infrastructure

❏

High-level infrastructure for running your application’s main processing loop

iPhone OS Feature Summary 17

CHAPTER 1

iPhone OS Overview

Development Tools

Xcode, Interface Builder, and Instruments are the main tools you use to manage your iPhone source

files, build them, and run them. Xcode is an integrated development environment (IDE) that provides

the main work environment for your project. You use this program daily for writing, compiling,

running, and debugging your code. It has all of the features you would expect in an advanced code

development application and many more. Among the main features are the following:

■

A project management system for defining software products

■

A code editing environment that includes features such as syntax coloring, code completion, and

symbol indexing

■

An advanced documentation window for viewing and searching iPhone OS documentation

■

An advanced build system with dependency checking and build rule evaluation

■

Integrated source-level debugging using GDB

■

Support for running iPhone applications in a simulator or on a device

Interface Builder is a tool you use in conjunction with Xcode to reduce the amount of time it takes

to build and test your application’s user interface. Interface Builder is a graphical application that

you use to assemble your application’s interface visually. From the Interface Builder editing

environment, you drag and drop standard system components (such as views and controls) into a

windo w, arrange them, and configure their attributes, all in a matter of seconds. The resulting interface

reflects both the visual appearance and the object relationships that will exist in your application at

runtime. All of this information is then saved in a special resource file that you load in your application

when you need that particular interface.

Note: Interface Builder is not in the early beta of the SDK. It will be available in the final release of

the product.

Instruments is an advanced debugging and performance analysis application that you use to gather

information about the runtime behavior of your application once it is built. Instruments lets you run

your application in the simulator or on a device and track the amount of memory you are using, look

for leaks, and find out other information about your application’s activity. You can also compare the

data you gather from several different runs to track your application’s improvement.

For more information about Xcode and the other tools you use to build and run your projects, see

“Development Environment” (page 41).

About iPhone Development

If you typically develop applications for desktop operating systems, such as Mac OS X or Windows,

you may find developing for iPhone OS requires you to rethink your overall design. Many of the

features you might expect to find in a desktop operating system may simply be irrelev ant or impr actical

in iPhone OS. For example, the text-system facilities in iPhone OS are geared toward the needs of

Development Tools 19

CHAPTER 1

iPhone OS Overview

mobile users, who typically write email or take notes, not generate long reports. The lack of some

features typically present in desktop applications is intentional and has been done to optimize the

experience of working on a mobile device.

More important than the features that are not present are the ones that are. Part of the iPhone user

experience is the ability to interact with iPhone and iPod touch devices in ways that you cannot

interact with desktop applications. The Multi-Touch interface is a revolutionary new way to receive

events, reporting on each separate finger that touches the screen and making it possible to handle

multifinger gestures and other complex input easily. Built-in hardware features such as the

accelerometers, although present in some desktop systems, are used more extensively in iPhone OS

to track the screen’s current orientation and adjust your content accordingly.

The following sections provide you with a high-level introduction to some of the fundamental design

practices used in iPhone OS. This list is not exhaustive but touches on the practices that may alter the

way you approach your application’s design. And although some of these practices will be familiar

to existing Mac OS X programmers, many will also be new.

Application Styles

Much of the success of iPhone and iPod touch lies in the user experience. The integration of the

hardware with the system software and built-in system applications provides a single, coherent

experience for the user that focuses on the user’s needs in the moment. While on the go, a user does

not want to spend time digging through screen after screen of data looking for information. The user

needs to find the required information quickly and move on to the next task.

The first step in designing your own applications is to decide what style of application you plan to

provide. The application style is the key to determining which types of views and controls you should

use in your interface and how information should be organized. iPhone OS defines three basic styles

for applications:

■

Productivity style

■

Utility style

■

Immersive style

The following sections provide an overview of these styles and the types of content for which they

are suited. For more information about picking the actual controls to use in your interface, see iPhone

Human Interface Guidelines.

About iPhone Development

CHAPTER 1

iPhone OS Overview

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