Scratch Cookbook

Table of Contents

Scratch Cookbook

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

More information

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Getting Started with Scratch

Introduction

Starting up Scratch

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

See also

Deleting the default sprite

Getting ready

How to do it…

There's more…

Adding a custom sprite

Getting ready

How to do it…

Adding a pre-made sprite

Getting ready

How to do it…

There's more…

See also

Changing the stage background

Getting ready

How to do it…

There's more…

See also

The Hello World project

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

Adding some motion

Special sprite settings

Pointing towards the mouse

Duplicating code

See also

2. Storytelling

Introduction

Adding words to a sprite

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Adjusting the timing

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

See also

Sprites interacting with other sprites

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

See also

Basic broadcasting and receiving

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

The broadcast block

The receive block

More about the code

There's more...

Triggering an event with a click

Changing the background

See also

Resetting parts of a program

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

See also

Other fun graphic effects

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Fisheye

Whirl

Pixelate

Mosaic

Brightness

Ghost

See also

3. Adding Animation

Introduction

Changing sprite costumes

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more…

Making it dance

Checking the costume number

Switching to a particular costume

See also

Switching backgrounds in a story

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Adding graphic effects to backgrounds

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

A finished message

Adding other effects

Animating the button

See also

Keyboard input to a program

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Using better defined variables

See also

Getting the mouse position

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

4. Basic Gaming

Introduction

Creating a moving object

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more…

The simple way

Adding another ball

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

See also

Object interaction with a background

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

See also

User interaction with a game

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

Using mouse control

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Keeping score

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

Objects disappearing

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Building a maze

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Using the timer

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

5. Spicing up Games

Introduction

Tracking the best score or time

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more…

Keeping a high score list

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more…

See also

Adding more levels

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

6. Bringing in Sound

Introduction

Playing sounds

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more…

See also

Importing a new sound

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more…

See also

Recording a sound

Getting ready

How to do it...

See also

Playing drums and notes

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works…

There's more…

Adjusting volume

Getting ready

How to do it...

See also

Fading volume out

Getting ready

How to do it...

See also

Changing the tempo

Getting ready

How to do it...

Interactive note playing

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

7. Integrating PicoBoards

Introduction

Setting up the sensor board

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Getting values from the sensor board

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

See also

Working with the slider

Getting ready

How to do it...

There's more...

See also

Integrating the light sensor

Getting ready

How to do it...

See also

Integrating the sound sensor

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more…

See also

Measuring resistance

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

The sensor board button

Getting ready

How to do it...

Checking other connections

Getting ready

How to do it…

There's more…

8. Programming to Calculate

Introduction

Generating Fibonacci numbers

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Sieve of Eratosthenes

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Creating a password generator

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

Other Scratch calculations

Getting ready

How to do it…

9. Project Remixing

Introduction

Importing parts of other projects

Getting ready

How to do it...

Drawing with the pen

Getting ready

How to do it...

See also

Remixing the pen project

Getting ready

How to do it...

A. Collaboration

Introduction

The online Scratch community

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works...

See also

Creating an account

Getting ready

How to do it...

See also

Sharing projects

Getting ready

How to do it...

See also

Sharing Scratch 1.4 projects

Getting ready

How to do it...

Downloading projects

Getting ready

How to do it...

Index

Scratch Cookbook

Scratch Cookbook

Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: July 2013

Production Reference: 1170713

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place

35 Livery Street

Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-84951-842-0

www.packtpub.com

Cover Image by Sandeep Vaity (<[email protected]>)

Credits

Author

Brandon Milonovich

Reviewers

David Busby

Stamati Crook

Andrew Johns

Martina Kabátová

Pedro Neves Rito

Forest Y. Yu

Acquisition Editor

Joanne Fitzpatrick

Commissioning Editor

Llewellyn Rozario

Lead Technical Editor

Anila Vincent

Technical Editors

Shashank Desai

Krishnaveni Haridas

Mausam Kothari

Pushpak Poddar

Rikita Poojari

Amit Ramadas

Project Coordinator

Hardik Patel

Proofreaders

Maria Gould

Paul Hindle

Indexer

Monica Ajmera Mehta

Graphics

Ronak Dhruv

Production Coordinator

Aparna Bhagat

Cover Work

Aparna Bhagat

About the Author

Brandon Milonovich completed his Master's degree in Teaching and Curriculum with emphasis in Mathematics Education in December 2012 at Syracuse University in central New York. Prior to attending Syracuse, Brandon earned his Bachelor's degree in Adolescent Mathematics Education at The College of Saint Rose in Albany, NY. Brandon grew up in upstate New York with an interest in mathematics and computer science at a young age. Brandon has experience of teaching mathematical concepts to students using Scratch in third through fifth grade, as well as experience of teaching mathematics at the middle school, high school, and university level.

It was during Brandon's time at Saint Rose that he began his work with Scratch through an internship program with Computer Science professor Helen Albanese. In coordination with three Albany City School District teachers, Brandon developed an after-school program centered on programming in Scratch for at-risk youth. The program expanded the following year to include a broader age range of students. Now, Brandon works towards making learning Scratch more accessible within the classroom itself, both with traditional methods and flipped classroom-blended learning style concepts, to build the mathematical foundation students need to be successful 21st century learners. Brandon believes in sharing of information as broadly as possible, and so has presented with his colleagues at numerous conferences and workshops on Scratch, and hopes to continue to do so.

For more information on Brandon, or to contact him, visit http://www.bmilo.com.

I would like to thank all of those who have helped me along the way in both the process of writing this book, as well as becoming qualified to write it. Special thanks to Helen Albanese for her continued pushing to work more with Scratch and the opportunities she has provided, as well as a thank you to every professor I had at both the undergraduate and graduate level who have guided me along the way. Thanks also to the Albany City School District for opening its classrooms, particularly to Laurie Ellis, Stephen Costello, Alice Florence, and Timothy Fowler. The greatest thanks of all to my family for their constant support, guidance, and help. Without the amazing group of people I've been surrounded by throughout my life, I would have had little chance of success.

About the Reviewers

David Busby has been a Linux system's admin for around 12 years now and almost always being in a varied role over the years be it development, network admin, support, DBA changing onto a day-to-day basis.

Whenever time permits, he contributes to the EPEL packages for OpenStack and generally follows OpenStack's progress as much as possible.

He has an interest in Infosec, and as a result is generally paranoid about security. He is also familiar with Metasploit, sqlmap, john, and oclHashCat, and has also written a few python tools, and experimented in Golang.

He holds a 2nd Dan black belt in Ju-Jitsu and assists with teaching at a local non-profit club. He also helps to teach a computing class for children at a local school, using Raspberry Pi.

Stamati Crook is a professional programmer with his own software house and consultancy on the south coast of England. He has been involved in teaching Scratch to children at local primary schools and also hopes that his own three children will begin to show more interest in creating games rather than just playing them. His wife, Kathy, also uses Scratch daily in her classroom and you can find lesson plans and resources for children, parents, and teachers learning and teaching Scratch at http://www.redware.com/scratch.

Andrew Johns has been a web developer since 1999. He became a STEM Ambassador and Code Club volunteer in 2012, teaching Scratch to primary school children. He currently works for London-based design agency, Pretty, as a Technical Lead. This is the first book for which he has acted as a Technical Reviewer.

Martina Kabátová is a teacher and a researcher in the field of Computer Science education. After completing her PHD, she began to work as an Assistant Professor at Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Informatics Education. Among her responsibilities are several university lectures on programming, educational robotics, and research methodology. Currently, she focuses on educational programming (especial for very young children). She is an author of several study materials and many conference papers dealing with various aspects of Computer Science education. In 2013, she co-authored a book Transforming Schools in Digital Age, with Prof. Ivan Kalaš, which summarizes the role of digital technology in education. Martina Kabátová also illustrated this book and she is the author of many illustrations for other computer science textbooks, educational software, and MicroWorlds, and for the Slovak Bebras contest for children in informatics.

Pedro Neves Rito has been working as a professional trainer in the area of information technology and communications for more than 16 years, and as a teacher in higher education for the last six years. He has a Master's degree in Multimedia in Education and is currently a student of the Doctoral program in information systems and technologies. He has used Scratch as a tool for an introduction to programming. Lately, he's been exploring physical computing and Scratch, particularly the use of the Arduino, with the perspective of building activities for primary students. This work has been developed with the help of teachers of different levels of education.

He is currently also an assistant professor at Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, at the School of Education, working in the Department of Communication and Art, in the area of Information Technology and Communication. He works with higher education students, particularly in plastic arts and multimedia, and those pursuing primary education courses (future teachers) and also some that are pursuing Master's courses. In addition to being a teacher in these areas, he has supported a few initiatives outside school that are related to the use of Scratch.

He has started some individual projects, including the writing of two books, which is ongoing. In recent years, he has dedicated most of his time to contributions, by publishing and presenting scientific articles at conferences and some other documents to print media.

Forrest Y. Yu is an author of two books on operating systems. He has a wide range of interests and experiences, including desktop applications, web services, LBS, operating systems, cloud computing, and so on. Recently, he has been working with Amazon building the next generation information security platform and tools. He has a blog http://forrestyu.com/ where you can find more information about him.

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Preface

If you're relatively new to programming, or are just looking for a programming language that allows you to explore your visual and creative side, Scratch will be a lot of fun for you. Scratch was developed as a project of the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT Media Lab to make programming more accessible to young and/or new programmers.

As you work through this book, you'll gain a greater understanding of how to work with Scratch while simultaneously developing an understanding of fundamental programming principles that you'll want to know when you eventually begin to work with other programming languages.

You'll notice pretty quickly that this book is written focusing on Scratch 2.0, the newest