The Parents’ Guide to Climate Revolution: 100 Ways to Build a Fossil-Free Future, Raise Empowered Kids, and Still Get a Good Night’s Sleep

HARMONIZE FAMILY LIFE-WAYS WITH EARTH-WAYS

1. Get Clear on Why There’s Hope

A lot of my colleagues have now said it’s too late. We’ve passed too many tipping points to go back. My answer is thank you for the message of urgency.

— DAVID SUZUKI

I’ll never forget the moment my optimism returned. It was 2013, yet another year of record-crushing heat waves, droughts, and forest infernos. The concentration of atmospheric carbon had sailed past the safe limit — 350 parts per million (ppm) — to an unprecedented 400 ppm. Alarmed scientists begged leaders to cut carbon pollution. In response, most leaders chanted, Drill, baby, drill!

We citizens kept losing campaigns to protect ecosystems. How could we possibly slow, much less stop, the death march for polar bears, honeybees, apple trees, kittens, and even our own children? I lived with a near-constant lump in my throat.

Then my daughter invited me to a film about her friend, Kelsey Cascadia Rose Juliana, who was suing the government for violating her right to a livable planet (for more on this continuing story, see Sue the Grown-Ups!, page 244). The short documentary, produced by Our Children’s Trust, ended with a prescription for balancing the climate by 2100:

1.Cut global emissions by 6 percent yearly, starting in 2013 (the target is now 9.9 percent; it rises until we start making those cuts).

2.Begin massive reforestation.

3.Improve farming practices to sequester carbon.

Lights came up. People clapped. I scribbled the prescription, wondering, Is this really a fix-it plan to avoid wholesale catastrophe? At home, I researched and found that, indeed, an international team of eighteen climate scientists, led by Dr. James Hansen, then director of NASA’s Goddard Space Institute, had determined that if we accomplish those three things, climate stability is achievable. Not cheap or easy — but possible. We can get the nasty gases down again to the safe level of 350 ppm.

I hadn’t understood that. I thought that when scientists raised their usually calm voices and said, Holy crap! We’re at 400 ppm! they meant we’d always be there or higher. That we couldn’t subtract carbon.

It turns out we can. We can draw carbon down from Earth’s atmosphere and lock it into soil and trees — by planting new trees, by refraining from cutting more down, and by using many other methods you’ll read about in this book. If we do that while also drastically cutting emissions, we can restore climate stability by the end of this century. The climate will keep heating up — due to humanity’s inaction over the last thirty years — but how much and for how long depends on what we do next.

Whether the climate heats by 1.5 degree Celsius — or by three or four times that — depends on the decisions that governments, corporations, societies, and individuals make right now. Do those three things, and every year we can make things a little better. Don’t do them or wait too long, and those same scientists say humanity will lose its opportunity for climate stability.

The good news is that the prescription — with its clear targets and the reassurance that we can still turn things around — has fired people up worldwide to demand science-based climate action. Even countless religious leaders now say we must keep most fossil fuels in the ground.

That gives me tremendous optimism — and compels me to help. I invite you to jump in with your family — in ways that work for you — and have a blast.

That’s what this book is about.

If you have…

Five minutes: Tuck this book next to your bed, in your car, or in the bathroom. Read one chapter at a time.

Thirty minutes: Visit the Our Children’s Trust website (http://ourchildrenstrust.org). For a good overview of how scientists’ prescription is being used by children to fight for a livable climate, watch, with older kids, the short film A Climate of TRUST. Look for it under Short films.

Six hours: Binge-read this book. Think about your skills and passions — and where you might want to plug in to the grand adventure.

2. Herd Your Family Together

You could argue that central heating played a part in the start of the disintegration of the family.

— ELEANOR JOHN, head of collections at London’s Geffrye Museum of the Home

One way we deepen family connection is by keeping bedrooms unheated, gently forcing a cozy nightly living room scene. Aside from saving money, shrinking our carbon footprint, and sleeping better in cool rooms, the heat-only-the-living-room trick also allows for easy monitoring of screen use and homework progress.

Mostly, though, it’s congenial. When both our children lived at home, we happily stepped over our daughter, Zannie, parked with art supplies or Spanish homework in front of our fireplace, since it was nice to interact with her instead of her closed door. She’d randomly ask, "Does mariposa have one r or two?" and chat frequently with her younger brother, Forrest, as he built four-story card houses.

The key to this idyllic incubator for young scholars, we’ve found, is for one parent to be interruptible. If the other needs focus, that parent can retreat to a bedroom or my studio. Usually, though, everyone prefers to stay with the herd.

We regularly hear parents helplessly bemoan the kid they don’t know anymore, who’s cloistered upstairs doing god-knows-what on-screen. This lost-kid scenario has three main culprits, the first being central heating. When that pours into the second culprit — private bedrooms for every family member — children can do what few could before the 1980s supersized our homes: detach from family life.

Completing the trifecta is the electronic device taken into the cozy kid cave. At best, unmonitored screens in bedrooms stoke consumerism and encourage kids to inhabit separate worlds. At worst, they leave children vulnerable to disturbing websites and online pedophiles, con artists, cyber-bullying, pornographers, and relentless and predatory marketing, as well as all the ills associated with excess screen time (see Unplug the Kids, page 145).

If you want to…

Save a little money (and the climate): Turn off the heat and/or air-conditioning in bedrooms.

Not buy desks for the kids’ rooms: Use the kitchen table or couch, or create a living room study-hall atmosphere that prioritizes scholarship — not TV. Let kids store a reasonable stash of books and study supplies in a designated spot in the living room (or wherever you have space near the study area).

Save a lot of money (and avoid screen strife): Have only one computer available in the evening, if possible, for the whole family, at a work station. When a child reaches high school, give them first dibs on it for nightly homework. In our house, this pecking order helped make it clear that our high schooler’s work trumped any other use of the computer, including my email and anyone’s recreational time. When Art and I could afford separate laptops, the family laptop was suddenly freed up more often, creating new battles over its use on school nights. If I had a do-over — and knew then that easy-access YouTube was headed to our living room couch — I’d save my money and go back to sharing one or two computers for a family of four at night at a work station. The inconvenience of sometimes having to wait in line for a computer would have been preferable to the much harder parental job of limiting screen time for its own sake.

Save family harmony: Together, analyze how you use your space and what connects or separates your family. Kids are usually delighted to be consulted on decisions traditionally left to grown-ups, and they often hatch very do-able plans for smarter use of space. Now that my kids are young adults, we negotiate everyone’s use of phones so that people can get their work done and plans made without being immersed in phones, especially when others want or need to connect.

3. Plant Trees!

Stop talking. Start planting.

— PLANT-FOR-THE-PLANET’S MOTTO

One of my favorite photos of my daughter as a toddler is of her eating lunch at the base of a giant redwood tree. She is blissfully happy. We all were that day, maybe because being in the presence of thousand-year-old trees in a sun-dappled, sweet-smelling grove just brings out the best in people.

And those magnificent giants don’t just offer beauty, shade, protection from erosion, and wildlife habitat. They capture a staggering amount of the carbon humanity has flung skyward. It’s miraculous, really, the way trees reach into the heavens and gather carbon in their leafy arms. Which is partly why we need lots more of them. According to the book Drawdown, edited by Paul Hawken, the combined impact of protecting forests from logging and restoring forests worldwide makes up the most powerful solution available to address global warming.

Wow. Okay! How do families help with that? We can raise little tree-huggers. Protect forests. Plant trees. Lots of them.

That may be one of the simplest and most enjoyable actions families can take. Just acquire and plant trees. Even better, grow a tiny forest. This is a new, successful method catching on worldwide: Start a dense, multistoried native forest in an area as small as six parking spaces, and after two to three years, it becomes maintenance-free — and because it’s thick, it sequesters a surprising amount of carbon.

As a family, join or support the group Plant-for-the-Planet, a kid-led nonprofit organization whose goal is to plant one trillion trees by 2020. The group and its sixty-three thousand kid ambassadors have already planted fifteen billion. When the group launched in 2007, nine-year-old Felix Finkbeiner described their simple strategy:

Children could plant one million trees in every country on earth and thereby offset CO2 emissions all on their own, while adults are still talking about doing it.

On the policy front, families can demand that our government protect North America’s forests and reduce logging. We can also advocate protection of virgin tropical forests, such as in the Amazon basin, which are key to keeping carbon locked up in our greenery. International agreements such as the Paris climate agreement can protect them by paying forest communities not to cut them.

We can also boycott tropical hardwoods. Logging drives tropical rainforest destruction, and the United States is the biggest importer of tropical hardwoods. These include mahogany, Caribbean pine, ipê, rosewood, teak, and ramin. In our homes, these woods are used in furniture, veneers, cabinetry, instruments, decking, fence posts, tool and cutlery handles, picture frames, pool cues, moldings, flooring, beams, pencils, and baby cribs.

But today? Get outside, have a picnic under a big old tree. And don’t forget to take a picture of your little sprout. She’ll be mature before you know it.

If you want to…

Inspire kids: With young kids, read The Lorax by Dr. Seuss and Wangari’s Trees of Peace: A True Story from Africa by Jeanette Winter.

Visit Plant-for-the-Planet (www.plant-for-the-planet.org), let kids become ambassadors, and watch the video in which founder Felix Finkbeiner movingly challenges adults at the United Nations (www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLtkbaeupI).

With teens, watch Pickaxe — The Cascadia Free State Story (http://freecascadia.org/pickaxe-the-cascadia-free-state-story): This documents the eleven-month battle led by the group Cascadia Earth First! to save an old-growth forest in Oregon.

Visit Drawdown’s gallery of climate solutions (www.drawdown.org/solutions-summary-by-rank), and discover all the ways trees are key.

Plant a tree: Plant a tree in your backyard. Some families decorate potted trees for Christmas, then plant them. Or plant lots of trees in a vacant lot or unused land. Visit Afforestt (http://afforestt.com) for information and to watch Shubhendu Sharma’s Ted Talk How to Grow a Forest in Your Backyard.

Save the forest: Join and support the Rainforest Action Network (www.ran.org), which preserves forests, protects the climate, and upholds human rights. (Not to be confused with Rainforest Alliance, a certification organization that has been criticized for corporate greenwashing.)

Buy wood sustainably: Avoid tropical hardwoods and buy recycled wood or sustainably sourced wood products certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. Consult the Natural Resources Defense Council’s guide How to Buy Good Wood (www.nrdc.org/stories/how-buy-good-wood).

4. Lift Moods and Grades

The health benefits of cycling are twenty times greater than any risk involved.

— MIKAEL COLVILLE-ANDERSEN, Danish urban mobility expert

My kids’ high school is a mile from home. Barring a blizzard, broken femur, or Halloween costume wider than the sidewalk, I expect my kids to use their legs to commute.

This isn’t primarily to save the planet, though that’s a benefit. It’s because exercise vastly improves moods, grades, classroom behavior, and health. Having your child walk to school saves money, time, the planet, and our atmosphere (less pollution), while also improving your child’s mental and physical health.

Why, then, do more of us than ever drive kids to school? Fifty percent of parents drive from a half or even a quarter mile — three city blocks — from home.

Two reasons: We want our kids to be happy, and perhaps more pervasively, we’re afraid.

I’m certainly not immune to fear. When my kids first trekked alone to school, I feared kidnappers, and I dreaded the flu when they refused to wear raincoats. I still worry they’ll be killed by texting drivers, but I’ve learned to manage my fears, and you can, too.

Of course, when distances are far and there’s no bus, train, or safe biking route, kids may need to be driven. But otherwise, try to conquer those fears one by one.

If you fear…

Strangers: Parental fear about kidnapping is nearly universal. However, for kids under fourteen, the risk of death by stranger abduction is far lower than that of death from flu, heart disease, plane crash, lightning, or health crises associated with a couch-potato lifestyle.

Solutions: Try a walking school bus or bike train, in which one adult accompanies a group of children on foot or bike. Safe Routes to School (http://guide.saferoutesinfo.org) offers advice for how. Lenore Skenazy, author of Free-Range Kids, offers more advice on her website (http://www.freerangekids.com).

Pneumonia: Kids are notorious for underdressing in bad weather, be it snow, rain, ice, or hail. Is it okay to let kids brave the elements?

Solutions: Let them be wet and cold. They’ll survive. Most colds and pneumonia are caused by viruses — not by being cold. Kids are only at risk if they get hypothermia — unlikely while walking to school. If your kids refuse a coat, at least insist on a healthy breakfast before they get chilled.

Respect, don’t ridicule, the urge to look cool. Let kids choose their own rain gear, umbrellas, and so on. Until they stop growing, buy sale and secondhand gear, which is financially easier to replace.

Death by car: Everyone risks injury from cars.

Solutions: Teach walkers to stay on sidewalks and how to safely cross streets.

Teach kid cyclists to obey traffic rules and to ride alertly — and defensively — around cars. Ride with kids to find the safest route to school. Sometimes, a busy artery with wide bike paths and heavy bike traffic is safer than narrow, quiet side streets.

Use well-fitting helmets and well-maintained bikes, with fenders, a horn, a light, and multiple reflectors (on backpacks and coats, too).

Back problems: Heavy backpacks are an issue whether your child walks or bikes to school.

Solutions: Keep textbooks at home. Ask teachers to loan copies in class, or buy a used copy (online) to keep at home.

For cyclists, carry books in a bike basket or pannier, or attach a milk crate (see Pinterest for inspiration).

Replace heavy binders with light folders and spiral notebooks, and regularly purge backpacks of unnecessary papers.

Social exile: Once, my normally easygoing seventeen-year-old daughter, Zannie, refused to wear a helmet (see Help Kids Feel Comfy, page 95). She explained, "I’m okay being a nerd, but I won’t be the only one biking to school in a helmet." A power struggle in this situation was clearly doomed.

Solutions: I let her choose a new cute helmet and whether to wear it or not. (I’m happy to report that she does.)

5. Cultivate a Used-Is-Cool Culture

Fast fashion is fast food. Empty calories that make us feel full. Factories full of mistreated workers. Rivers full of toxic chemicals. Closets full of disposable wears. Landfills full of yesterday’s garments.

— ZADY CLOTHING COMPANY

One week before Forrest hit middle school, he announced, "I’m done with thrift stores." He wanted brand name and brand-new. For the previous decade, he’d happily worn whatever castoffs I collected from neighbors, cousins, and garage sales. But when I piled his too-short pants into the giveaway box and made our back-to-school shopping list, he made it clear he would not trot around to stinky thrift stores and paw through stained clothing worn by other people !

I took him to the mall and gave him a seventy-dollar budget. He tried on fifteen pairs of jeans, experiencing firsthand how buying new requires almost as much trying-on effort as buying used does, and he chose one forty-dollar pair and two fifteen-dollar shirts. That was it, no more school shopping. It was outrageous, of course, since he’d outgrow those expensive jeans within a year, but he got his brand-new, brand-name clothes.

Over the next months, he didn’t reach for those new clothes much, and he commented on it. Once the allure faded, they became no more special than any of his other clothes because they weren’t special. Just expensive. And now used.

The next August, I offered to buy both kids as much clothing as they wanted — provided it was used. That, along with Zannie’s enthusiasm, got Forrest through the thrift-shop door. Two hours later, he emerged with two bags overflowing with everything he wanted, including a couple of oddball jerseys and hats for experiments in his evolving personal style. To ensure he had happy memories of thrifting, I topped it off with fish and chips and root beer from a nearby food cart, where both kids reveled in their great scores and swore off the mall forever.

My used-clothing campaign isn’t just to save money or reduce our ecological impact, though it does those things. We also want to keep our children’s materialistic expectations low. We’re in the shrinking middle class — whose real wages haven’t risen since 1978, despite skyrocketing health care, food, housing, and education costs — and I want our kids to know how to thrive on the cheap.

So we model a love of secondhand stuff. When the kids were little, we went to countless garage sales, keeping their books, games, toys, and sports equipment fresh and age-appropriate. We buy used furniture, beds, bikes, homes, dishes, cars, instruments, electronics, and even fabrics and art supplies.

We do buy many things new — underwear, socks, toiletries, small appliances, linens, kitchen utensils, and the occasional laptop, raincoat, or tent — but we do our best to buy sustainably to minimize the various global nightmares of overconsumption (pollution, sweatshops). Sometimes we fail.

But I have to say, emphasizing secondhand has accomplished what we hoped it would: Our kids aren’t driven to consume, especially new clothing. In fact, last week, my increasingly nonconformist son showed me his new (to him) T-shirt stenciled with Try Everything and announced: From now on, I’m only buying these weird, one-of-a-kind handmade shirts from thrift stores.

Fine by me.

If you have…

Young children: Help them imprint happily on garage sales. Bring muffins and juice. Bike or drive by slowly, only unloading for promising sales. Go early, visit one to three sales, and call it good. If you’re on a mission to buy specific items, go without children.

Middle schoolers: Lavish attention and personal shopper service while they try on thrift-store outfits.

Splurge at an art supply resale store, found in most cities. Throw an art