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TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide - 3rd Edition
TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide - 3rd Edition
TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide - 3rd Edition
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TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide - 3rd Edition

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The TOGAF 9 certification program is a knowledge-based certification program. It has two levels, leading to certification for TOGAF 9 Foundation and TOGAF 9 Certified, respectively.

The purpose of certification to TOGAF 9 Certified is to provide validation that, in addition to the knowledge and comprehension of TOGAF 9 Foundation level, the Candidate is able to analyze and apply this knowledge. The learning objectives at this level therefore focus on application and analysis in addition to knowledge and comprehension.

This Study Guide supports students in preparation for the TOGAF 9 Part 2 Examination, leading to TOGAF 9 Certified.

This third edition contains minor updates to remove references to the TOGAF 8-9 Advanced Bridge Examination1 and also adds four bonus practice examination questions to Appendix B.
It gives an overview of every learning objective for the TOGAF 9 Certified Syllabus beyond the Foundation level.
LanguageEnglish
PublisherVan Haren Publishing
Release dateJan 1, 2016
ISBN9789087537586
TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide - 3rd Edition

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    TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide - 3rd Edition - Rachel Harrison

    TOGAF® 9 Certified

    Study Guide 3rd Edition

    The Open Group Publications available from

    Van Haren Publishing

    The TOGAF Series:

    TOGAF® Version 9.1

    TOGAF® Version 9.1 – A Pocket Guide

    TOGAF® 9 Foundation Study Guide – 3rd Edition

    TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide – 3rd Edition

    The Open Group Series:

    Cloud Computing for Business – The Open Group Guide

    ArchiMate 2.1 Specification

    ArchiMate 2.1 – A Pocket Guide

    ArchiMate 2 Certified Study Guide

    The Open Group Security Series:

    Open Information Security Management Maturity Model (O-ISM3)

    Open Enterprise Security Architecture (O-ESA)

    Risk Management – The Open Group Guide

    All titles are available to purchase from:

    www.opengroup.org

    www.vanharen.net

    and also many international and online distributors.

    TOGAF® 9

    Certified

    Study Guide

    3rd Edition

    Prepared by Rachel Harrison of Oxford Brookes University

    No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.

    The views expressed in this Study Guide are not necessarily those of any particular member of The Open Group.

    In the event of any discrepancy between text in this Study Guide and the official TOGAF documentation, the TOGAF documentation remains the authoritative version for certification, testing by examination, and other purposes. The official TOGAF documentation can be obtained online at www.opengroup.org/togaf.

    TOGAF®9 Certified Study Guide - 3rd Edition

    Document Number: B134

    Comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to:

    The Open Group

    Apex Plaza

    Forbury Road

    Reading

    Berkshire, RG1 1AX

    United Kingdom

    or by electronic mail to: [email protected]

    For any further enquiries about Van Haren Publishing, please send an email to: [email protected].

    Contents

    Preface

    About the Author

    Trademarks

    Acknowledgements

    References

    Chapter 1 Introduction

    1.1   Key Learning Points

    1.2   The TOGAF Certification for People Program

    1.2.1   Certification Document Structure

    1.2.2   TOGAF 9 Foundation

    1.2.3   TOGAF 9 Certified

    1.2.4   The Certification Process

    1.2.5   Preparing for the Examination

    1.3   Summary

    1.4   Recommended Reading

    PART 1 TOGAF 9 ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT METHOD (ADM)

    Chapter 2 Preliminary Phase

    2.1   Key Learning Points

    2.2   Objectives

    2.3   Inputs

    2.3.1   Architecture Frameworks

    2.3.2   Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers

    2.3.3   Pre-Existing Architectural Inputs

    2.4   Steps

    2.4.1   Scope the Enterprise Organizations Impacted

    2.4.2   Confirm Governance and Support Frameworks

    2.4.3   Define and Establish the Enterprise Architecture Team and Organization

    2.4.4   Identify and Establish Architecture Principles

    2.4.5   Tailor the TOGAF Framework and, if any, Other Selected Architecture Frameworks

    2.4.6   Implement Architecture Tools

    2.5   Outputs

    2.5.1   Architecture Principles

    2.5.2   Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture

    2.5.3   Tailored Architecture Framework

    2.5.4   Architecture Repository

    2.5.5   Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers

    2.5.6   Architecture Governance Framework

    2.5.7   Request for Architecture Work

    2.6   Summary

    2.7   Exercises

    2.8   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 3 Phase A: Architecture Vision

    3.1   Key Learning Points

    3.2   Objectives

    3.3   Inputs

    3.4   Steps

    3.4.1   Establish the Architecture Project

    3.4.2   Identify Stakeholders, Concerns, and Business Requirements

    3.4.3   Confirm and Elaborate Business Goals, Business Drivers, and Constraints

    3.4.4   Evaluate Business Capabilities

    3.4.5   Assess Readiness for Business Transformation

    3.4.6   Define Scope

    3.4.7   Confirm and Elaborate Architecture Principles, including Business Principles

    3.4.8   Develop Architecture Vision

    3.4.9   Define the Target Architecture Value Propositions and KPIs

    3.4.10 Identify the Business Transformation Risks and Mitigation Activities

    3.4.11 Develop Statement of Architecture Work; Secure Approval

    3.5   Outputs

    3.5.1   Statement of Architecture Work

    3.5.2   Capability Assessment

    3.5.3   Architecture Vision

    3.5.4   Communications Plan

    3.6   Summary

    3.7   Exercises

    3.8   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 4 Phase B: Business Architecture

    4.1   Key Learning Points

    4.2   Objectives

    4.3   Inputs

    4.3.1   Business Principles

    4.4   Steps

    4.4.1   Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools

    4.4.2   Develop Baseline Business Architecture Description

    4.4.3   Develop Target Business Architecture Description

    4.4.4   Perform Gap Analysis

    4.4.5   Define Candidate Roadmap Components

    4.4.6   Resolve Impacts across the Architecture Landscape

    4.4.7   Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review

    4.4.8   Finalize the Business Architecture

    4.4.9   Create the Architecture Definition Document

    4.5   Outputs

    4.5.1   Architecture Definition Document

    4.5.2   Architecture Requirements Specification

    4.5.3   Architecture Roadmap

    4.6   Summary

    4.7   Exercises

    4.8   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 5 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures

    5.1   Key Learning Points

    5.2   Objectives

    5.3   Considerations for the Implementation Order

    5.4   Inputs

    5.5   Steps

    5.6   Outputs

    5.7   Summary

    5.8   Exercises

    5.9   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 6 Phase C: Data Architecture

    6.1   Key Learning Points

    6.2   Objectives

    6.3   Inputs

    6.3.1   Data Principles

    6.4   Steps

    6.4.1   Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools

    6.4.2   Develop Baseline Data Architecture Description

    6.4.3   Develop Target Data Architecture Description

    6.4.4   Perform Gap Analysis

    6.4.5   Define Candidate Roadmap Components

    6.4.6   Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape

    6.4.7   Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review

    6.4.8   Finalize the Data Architecture

    6.4.9   Create Architecture Definition Document

    6.5   Outputs

    6.5.1   Components of the Architecture Definition Document

    6.5.2   Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification

    6.6   Summary

    6.7   Exercises

    6.8   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 7 Phase C: Application Architecture

    7.1   Key Learning Points

    7.2   Objectives

    7.3   Inputs

    7.3.1   Application Principles

    7.4   Steps

    7.4.1   Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools

    7.4.2   Develop Baseline Application Architecture Description

    7.4.3   Develop Target Application Architecture Description

    7.4.4   Perform Gap Analysis

    7.4.5   Define Candidate Roadmap Components

    7.4.6   Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape

    7.4.7   Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review

    7.4.8   Finalize the Application Architecture

    7.4.9   Create Architecture Definition Document

    7.5   Outputs

    7.5.1   Components of the Architecture Definition Document

    7.5.2   Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification

    7.6   Summary

    7.7   Exercises

    7.8   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 8 Phase D: Technology Architecture

    8.1   Key Learning Points

    8.2   Objectives

    8.3   Inputs

    8.3.1   Technology Principles

    8.4   Steps

    8.4.1   Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools

    8.4.2   Develop Baseline Technology Architecture Description

    8.4.3   Develop Target Technology Architecture Description

    8.4.4   Perform Gap Analysis

    8.4.5   Define Candidate Roadmap Components

    8.4.6   Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape

    8.4.7   Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review

    8.4.8   Finalize the Technology Architecture

    8.4.9   Create Architecture Definition Document

    8.5   Outputs

    8.5.1   Components of the Architecture Definition Document

    8.5.2   Components of the Architecture Requirements Specification

    8.6   Summary

    8.7   Exercises

    8.8   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 9 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions

    9.1   Key Learning Points

    9.2   Objectives

    9.3   Inputs

    9.4   Steps

    9.4.1   Determine/Confirm Key Corporate Change Attributes

    9.4.2   Determine Business Constraints for Implementation

    9.4.3   Review and Consolidate Gap Analysis Results from Phases B to D

    9.4.4   Review Consolidated Requirements Across Related Business Functions

    9.4.5   Consolidate and Reconcile Interoperability Requirements

    9.4.6   Refine and Validate Dependencies

    9.4.7   Confirm Readiness and Risk for Business Transformation

    9.4.8   Formulate Implementation and Migration Strategy

    9.4.9   Identify and Group Major Work Packages

    9.4.10 Identify Transition Architectures

    9.4.11 Create the Architecture Roadmap & Implementation and Migration Plan

    9.5   Outputs

    9.6   Summary

    9.7   Exercises

    9.8   Recommended Reading

    Chapter 10 Phase F: Migration Planning

    10.1 Key Learning Points

    10.2 Objectives

    10.3 Inputs

    10.4 Steps

    10.4.1 Confirm Management Framework Interactions for the Implementation and Migration Plan

    10.4.2 Assign a Business Value to Each Work Package

    10.4.3 Estimate Resource Requirements, Project Timings, and Availability/Delivery Vehicle

    10.4.4 Prioritize the Migration Projects through the Conduct of a Cost/Benefit Assessment and Risk Validation

    10.4.5 Confirm Architecture Roadmap and Update Architecture Definition Document

    10.4.6 Generate the Implementation and Migration Plan

    10.4.7 Complete the Architecture Development Cycle and Document Lessons Learned

    10.5 Outputs

    10.5.1 Implementation and Migration Plan

    10.5.2 Architecture Definition Document, including Transition Architecture

    10.5.3 Implementation Governance Model

    10.6 Summary

    10.7 Exercises

    10.8 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 11 Phase G: Implementation Governance

    11.1 Key Learning Points

    11.2 Objectives

    11.3 Inputs

    11.4 Steps

    11.4.1 Confirm Scope and Priorities for Deployment with Development Management

    11.4.2 Identify Deployment Resources and Skills

    11.4.3 Guide Development of Solutions Deployment

    11.4.4 Perform Enterprise Architecture Compliance Reviews

    11.4.5 Implement Business and IT Operations

    11.4.6 Perform Post-Implementation Review and Close the Implementation

    11.5 Outputs

    11.5.1 Architecture Contracts

    11.5.2 Compliance Assessments

    11.6 Summary

    11.7 Exercises

    11.8 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 12 Phase H: Architecture Change Management

    12.1 Key Learning Points

    12.2 Objectives

    12.3 Inputs

    12.3.1 Change Requests

    12.4 Steps

    12.4.1 Establish Value Realization Process

    12.4.2 Deploy Monitoring Tools

    12.4.3 Manage Risks

    12.4.4 Provide Analysis for Architecture Change Management

    12.4.5 Develop Change Requirements to Meet Performance Targets

    12.4.6 Manage Governance Process

    12.4.7 Activate the Process to Implement Change

    12.5 Outputs

    12.6 Summary

    12.7 Exercises

    12.8 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 13 ADM Architecture Requirements Management

    13.1 Key Learning Points

    13.2 Objectives

    13.3 Inputs

    13.4 Steps

    13.5 Outputs

    13.5.1 Requirements Impact Assessment

    13.6 Summary

    13.7 Exercises

    13.8 Recommended Reading

    PART 2 GUIDELINES FOR ADAPTING THE ADM

    Chapter 14 Iteration and Levels

    14.1 Key Learning Points

    14.2 The Concept of Iteration

    14.2.1 Iteration to Develop a Comprehensive Architecture Landscape

    14.2.2 Iteration within an ADM Cycle (Architecture Development Iteration)

    14.2.3 Iteration to Manage the Architecture Capability (Architecture Capability Iterations)

    14.3 Factors Influencing the Use of Iteration

    14.4 Iteration Cycles

    14.5 Classes of Architecture Engagement

    14.5.1 Identification of Required Change

    14.5.2 Definition of Change

    14.5.3 Implementation of Change

    14.6 Mapping TOGAF Phases to Iteration Cycles

    14.6.1 Iteration between ADM Cycles

    14.6.2 Iteration within an ADM Cycle

    14.7 Applying the ADM across the Architecture Landscape

    14.7.1 The Architecture Landscape

    14.7.2 The Architecture Continuum

    14.7.3 Organizing the Architecture Landscape

    14.8 Summary

    14.9 Exercises

    14.10 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 15 Security

    15.1 Key Learning Points

    15.2 Introduction

    15.2.1 Characteristics of Security Architectures

    15.2.2 Security Responsibilities of the Enterprise Architect

    15.3 Adapting the ADM for Security

    15.4 Security Input/Output Summary

    15.5 Summary

    15.6 Exercises

    15.7 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 16 SOA

    16.1 Key Learning Points

    16.2 SOA as an Architectural Style

    16.3 Enterprise Architecture and SOA

    16.4 Adapting the ADM for SOA

    16.4.1 Preliminary Phase

    16.4.2 Phase A: Vision

    16.4.3 Phase B: Business Architecture

    16.4.4 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures

    16.4.5 Phase D: Technology Architecture

    16.4.6 Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions

    16.4.7 Phase F: Migration Planning

    16.4.8 Phase G: Implementation Governance

    16.4.9 Phase H: Architecture Change Management

    16.5 Summary

    16.6 Recommended Reading

    PART 3 THE ARCHITECTURE CONTENT FRAMEWORK

    Chapter 17 Architecture Content Framework

    17.1 Key Learning Points

    17.2 Introduction

    17.3 The Content Framework and the TOGAF ADM

    17.4 Why do we Need a Metamodel?

    17.5 Components of the Content Metamodel

    17.6 Core Metamodel Concepts

    17.6.1 Core and Extension Content

    17.6.2 Core Metamodel Entities

    17.6.3 Building Blocks, Catalogs, Matrices, and Diagrams

    17.7 Summary

    17.8 Exercises

    17.9 Recommended Reading

    PART 4 THE ENTERPRISE CONTINUUM

    Chapter 18 Architecture Partitioning

    18.1 Key Learning Points

    18.2 Introduction

    18.3 Applying Classification to Partitioned Architectures

    18.4 Applying Partitioning to the ADM

    18.5 Summary

    18.6 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 19 Architecture Repository

    19.1 Key Learning Points

    19.2 Introduction

    19.3 The Repository in Detail

    19.3.1 Architecture Metamodel

    19.3.2 Architecture Landscape

    19.3.3 Reference Library

    19.3.4 Standards Information Base

    19.3.5 Governance Log

    19.3.6 Architecture Capability

    19.4 Relationship to Other Parts of TOGAF Standard

    19.5 Summary

    19.6 Recommended Reading

    PART 5 TOGAF REFERENCE MODELS

    Chapter 20 The Technical Reference Model (TRM)

    20.1 Key Learning Points

    20.2 Structure of the TRM

    20.3 The TRM in Detail

    20.3.1 Application Software

    20.3.2 Application Platform Interface

    20.3.3 Application Platform

    20.3.4 Interfaces between Services

    20.3.5 Communications Infrastructure

    20.3.6 Communications Infrastructure Interface

    20.3.7 Qualities

    20.4 Taxonomy of Application Platform Services

    20.5 Taxonomy of Application Platform Service Qualities

    20.6 Using the TRM

    20.7 Summary

    20.8 Exercises

    20.9 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 21 Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM)

    21.1 Key Learning Points

    21.2 Drivers for Boundaryless Information Flow

    21.3 How the III-RM Fulfills the Solution Space

    21.4 The High-Level Structure of the III-RM

    21.5 Components of the III-RM

    21.6 Summary

    21.7 Recommended Reading

    PART 6 ARCHITECTURE CAPABILITY

    Chapter 22 Architecture Governance

    22.1 Key Learning Points

    22.2 Architecture Governance and the ADM

    22.3 Key Success Factors

    22.4 Setting up the Architecture Board

    22.5 Operating an Architecture Board

    22.5.1 General

    22.5.2 Preparation

    22.5.3 Agenda

    22.6 Summary

    22.7 Exercises

    22.8 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 23 Architecture Maturity Models

    23.1 Key Learning Points

    23.2 Capability Maturity Models

    23.3 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)

    23.4 ACMM

    23.5 Maturity Assessments and the ADM

    23.6 Summary

    23.7 Exercises

    23.8 Recommended Reading

    Chapter 24 Architecture Skills Framework

    24.1 Key Learning Points

    24.2 Purpose

    24.3 Benefits

    24.4 EA Roles, Skills Categories, and Proficiency Levels

    24.4.1 TOGAF Roles

    24.4.2 Skills Categories

    24.4.3 Proficiency Levels

    24.4.4 Example Role and Skill Definitions

    24.5 Summary

    24.6 Exercises

    24.7 Recommended Reading

    Appendix A Test Yourself Examination Paper

    Appendix B Bonus Questions

    Appendix C Test Yourself Examination Answers

    Appendix D Bonus Answers

    Appendix E TOGAF 9 Certified Syllabus

    Index

    Preface

    This Document

    This document is a Study Guide for TOGAF® 9 Certified. It is based on Version 2 of the TOGAF Certification for People Conformance Requirements and is aligned to TOGAF Version 9.1. This third edition contains minor updates to remove references to the TOGAF 8-9 Advanced Bridge Examination1 and also adds four bonus practice examination questions to Appendix B.

    It gives an overview of every learning objective for the TOGAF 9 Certified Syllabus beyond the Foundation level, and is specifically designed to help individuals prepare for certification.

    The audience for this Study Guide is:

    •   Individuals who require a deeper understanding of TOGAF 9

    •   Professionals who are working in an organization where TOGAF 9 has been adopted and who need to participate in architecture projects and initiatives

    •   Architects who will be responsible for developing architecture artifacts

    •   Architects who wish to introduce TOGAF 9 into an architecture practice

    •   Architects who want to achieve a recognized qualification to demonstrate their detailed knowledge of TOGAF 9

    This Study Guide assumes a prior knowledge equivalent to TOGAF 9 Foundation.

    While reading this Study Guide, the reader should also refer to the TOGAF documentation2 available online at www.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch and also available as a hardcopy book.

    The Study Guide is structured as follows:

    •   Chapter 1 (Introduction) provides a brief introduction to TOGAF certification and the TOGAF 9 examinations that lead to TOGAF 9 Certified, as well as how to use this Study Guide.

    •   Part 1: TOGAF 9 Architecture Development Method (ADM) comprises Chapters 2 through 13 and consists of a tour of the ADM phases:

    –   Chapter 2 describes the Preliminary Phase within the ADM. This chapter covers the preparation and initiation activities required to create an Architecture Capability.

    –   Chapter 3 describes Phase A: Architecture Vision. This chapter covers the initial phase of an Architecture Development Cycle. It includes information about defining the scope, identifying the stakeholders, creating the Architecture Vision, and obtaining approvals.

    –   Chapter 4 describes Phase B: Business Architecture. This chapter covers the development of a Business Architecture to support an agreed Architecture Vision.

    –   Chapter 5 provides an introduction to Phase C: Information Systems Architectures. The next two chapters describe the details of the two parts of Phase C.

    –   Chapter 6 describes the development of the Data Architecture within Phase C.

    –   Chapter 7 describes the development of the Application Architecture within Phase C.

    –   Chapter 8 describes Phase D: Technology Architecture. The Technology Architecture is used as the basis of the following implementation work.

    –   Chapter 9 describes Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions. This phase identifies major implementation projects and groups them into work packages that deliver the Target Architecture defined in the previous phases.

    –   Chapter 10 describes Phase F: Migration Planning. This phase develops a detailed Implementation and Migration Plan addressing how to move from the Baseline to the Target Architecture.

    –   Chapter 11 describes Phase G: Implementation Governance. This phase ensures that the implementation projects conform to the architecture.

    –   Chapter 12 describes Phase H: Architecture Change Management. This phase ensures that the architecture capability can respond to the needs of the enterprise as changes arise.

    –   Chapter 13 describes ADM Architecture Requirements Management, a process that applies throughout the ADM.

    •   Part 2: Guidelines for Adapting the ADM consists of three chapters:

    –   Chapter 14 describes how to apply iteration to the ADM, and how to apply the ADM at different enterprise levels.

    –   Chapter 15 describes security considerations during the application of the ADM.

    –   Chapter 16 describes SOA as an architectural style.

    •   Part 3: The Architecture Content Framework consists of a single chapter:

    –   Chapter 17 describes the Architecture Content Framework and the TOGAF Content Metamodel.

    •   Part 4: The Enterprise Continuum consists of two chapters:

    –   Chapter 18 describes Architecture Partitioning.

    –   Chapter 19 describes the Architecture Repository, which is a model for a physical instance of the Enterprise Continuum.

    •   Part 5: TOGAF Reference Models consists of two chapters:

    –   Chapter 20 describes the Technical Reference Model (TRM).

    –   Chapter 21 describes the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM).

    •   Part 6: Architecture Capability consists of three chapters:

    –   Chapter 22 describes the relationship between Architecture Governance and the ADM. It also describes how to establish and operate an Architecture Board.

    –   Chapter 23 describes Architecture Maturity Models.

    –   Chapter 24 describes the Architecture Skills Framework.

    •   Appendix A provides a Practice Test for the TOGAF 9 Part 2 Examination.

    •   Appendix B provides provides four bonus practice questions for the TOGAF 9 Part 2 Examination.

    •   Appendix C provides the answers to the examination in Appendix A.

    •   Appendix D provides the answers to the bonus practice questions in Appendix B.

    •   Appendix E provides the TOGAF 9 Certified Syllabus.

    How to Use this Study Guide

    The chapters in this Study Guide should be read in order. However, you may wish to use this Study Guide to study topics with which you are already familiar, and it is certainly possible to select topics for review in any order. Where a topic requires further information from a later part in the syllabus, a cross-reference is provided.

    Within each chapter are Key Learning Points and Summary sections that help you to easily identify what you need to know for each topic. Where applicable, a chapter has an Exercises section that will help you reinforce key learning points in the chapter.

    Each chapter also has a Recommended Reading section that indicates relevant, additional sections of the TOGAF document and other sources that should be read to obtain a full understanding of the subject material.

    Finally, at the end of this Study Guide is a Test Yourself examination paper that can be used to test your readiness to take the official TOGAF 9 Part 2 examination. This paper is designed to include the same question formats and a similar difficulty level to the official TOGAF 9 Part 2 examination. In addition to the examination paper, four bonus practice questions are also provided.

    Conventions Used in this Study Guide

    The following conventions are used throughout this Study Guide in order to help identify important information and avoid confusion over the intended meaning.

    •   Ellipsis (…)

    Indicates a continuation; such as an incomplete list of example items, or a continuation from preceding text.

    •   Bold

    Used to highlight specific terms.

    •   Italics

    Used for emphasis. May also refer to other external documents.

    •   (Syllabus Reference Unit X, Learning Outcome Y: Statement)

    Used at the start of a text block to identify the associated TOGAF 9 Certified Syllabus learning outcome.

    In addition to typographical conventions, the following conventions are used to highlight segments of text:

    A Note box is used to highlight useful or interesting information.

    A Tip box is used to provide key information that can save you time or that may not be entirely obvious.

    About the TOGAF Standard

    TOGAF®, an Open Group Standard, is a proven enterprise architecture methodology and framework used by the world’s leading organizations to improve business efficiency. It is the most prominent and reliable enterprise architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among enterprise architecture professionals. Enterprise architecture professionals fluent in TOGAF standards enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. The TOGAF standard helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment.

    About The Open Group

    The Open Group is a global consortium that enables the achievement of business objectives through IT standards. With more than 375 member organizations, The Open Group has a diverse membership that spans all sectors of the IT community – customers, systems and solutions suppliers, tool vendors, integrators, and consultants, as well as academics and researchers – to:

    •   Capture, understand, and address current and emerging requirements, and establish policies and share best practices

    •   Facilitate interoperability, develop consensus, and evolve and integrate specifications and open source technologies

    •   Offer a comprehensive set of services to enhance the operational efficiency of consortia

    •   Operate the industry’s premier certification service

    Further information on The Open Group is available at www.opengroup.org.

    The Open Group has over 15 years’ experience in developing and operating certification programs and has extensive experience developing and facilitating industry adoption of test suites used to validate conformance to an open standard or specification.

    The Open Group publishes a wide range of technical documentation, most of which is focused on development of Open Group Standards and Guides, but which also includes white papers, technical studies, certification and testing documentation, and business titles.

    A catalog is available at www.opengroup.org/bookstore.

    Readers should note that updates – in the form of Corrigenda – may apply to any publication.

    This information is published at www.opengroup.org/corrigenda.


    1   The TOGAF 8-9 Advanced Bridge Examination was withdrawn on November 1, 2013.

    2   TOGAF Version 9.1 (ISBN:978 90 8753 679 4, G116), available at www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/g116.htm.

    About the Author

    Rachel Harrison is a Professor of Computer Science in the Department of Computing and Communication Technologies at Oxford Brookes University. Previously she was Professor of Computer Science, Head of the Department of Computer Science, and Director of Research for the School of Systems Engineering at the University of Reading. Her research interests include systems evolution, software metrics, requirements engineering, software architecture, usability, and software testing. She has published over 100 refereed papers and consulted widely with industry, working with organizations such as IBM, the DERA, Philips Research Labs, Praxis Critical Systems, and The Open Group. She is Editor-in-Chief of the Software Quality Journal, published by Springer.

    Prof. Harrison holds an MA in Mathematics from Oxford University, an MSc in Computer Science from University College London, and a PhD in Computer Science from

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