Stories from the Bhagavatam

Stories   from

The Bhagavatam

Swami Bodhasarananda

( PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT )

5 DEHI ENTALLY ROAD • KOLKATA 700 014

Published by

The Adhyaksha

Advaita Ashrama

P.O.Mayavati, Dt. Champawat

Uttarakhand - 262524, India

from its Publication Department, Kolkata

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.advaitaashrama.org

© All Rights Reserved

First Print Book Edition, November 2014

First Ebook Edition - March 2016 

ISBN 978-81-7505-434-9 (Print Book)

ISBN 978-81-7505-814-9 (Ebook)

Contents

Publisher’s Note

Introduction

BOOK ONE

A Minstrel Shares the Bhagavata

The Incarnation Story

King Parikshit

BOOK TWO

Shukadeva’s Advice

The Story of Khatvanga

BOOK THREE

Vidura Meets Uddhava and Maitreya

Jaya and Vijaya

Kapila Muni

BOOK FOUR

Daksha’s Sacrifice and the Death of Sati

The Story of Dhruva

The Story of Puranjana

BOOK FIVE

Jada Bharata

BOOK SIX

Ajamila

Dadhichi’s gift, and the killing of Vritrasura

BOOK SEVEN

Prahlada

BOOK EIGHT

The Liberation of the Elephant King

The Churning of the Ocean

Bali and Vamana

Incarnation as a Fish

BOOK NINE

Ambarisha and Durvasa

Sagara and the Descent of the Ganga

The Incarnation of Rama

The Story of Parashurama

Yayati and Devayani

Dushyanta and Shakuntala

Rantideva

BOOK TEN

The Birth of Sri Krishna

The Salvation of Putana

Shakatasura and Trinavarta

Yashoda sees the Universe in Krishna

Sri Krishna is Bound

Nalakubara and Manigriva are Liberated

Brahma’s Doubts are Removed

The Serpent Kaliya is Tamed

Balarama Kills the Demon Pralambha

Krishna Steals the Gopis’ Clothes

Krishna Blesses the Pious Brahmin Women

Lifting Mount Govardhana

Rasa Lila

Sudarshana, Shankhachuda, and Arishtasura

Akrura Comes for Krishna and Balarama

The Killing of Kamsa

Ugrasena is Enthroned

Guru-dakshina of Krishna and Balarama

Uddhava and the Gopis’ Complaint

News from Hastinapura

Fight with Jarasandha

Kalayavana and Muchukunda

Rukmini Marries Krishna

Pradyumna

The Syamantaka Jewel: Jambavati and Satyabhama

A Conversation with Kunti in Indraprastha

Usha and Aniruddha

Narada’s Visit to Dwaraka

The Killing of Jarasandha

The Rajasuya Yajna and the Killing of Shishupala

Destruction of Shalva and Dantavaktra

The Story of Sridama

Vrikasura Attacks Mahadeva

Bhrigu’s footprint

Dwaraka and the Yadu Dynasty

BOOK ELEVEN

The Curse of the Sages

The Nava-yogis

Sri Krishna and Uddhava

Uddhava Gita

The Twenty-Four Gurus of the Avadhuta

Bondage and Freedom

The Glory of God

Questions and Answers

The last Advice of Sri Krishna to Uddhava

Krishna Returns to His Heavenly Realm

BOOK TWELVE

Yuga Dharma and the last advice of Shukadeva

Parikshit’s Illumination

The Snake Yajna of Janamejaya

The Story of Markandeya

The Essence of the Bhagavatam in four Shlokas

Publisher’s Note

The Bhagavata Purana has for centuries been one of the favourite religious texts of India, and this is mostly because of its charming and attractive stories. For those people whose busy schedule does not allow them time to go through the complete Purana, we have brought out this collection of stories from the Bhagavatam.

Here readers will find all their favourite stories—the story of Prahlada, of Dhruva, of King Bharata, and many more. There are stories of rishis, kings, heroes, avataras, and of devas and asuras. But along with the stories, the Bhagavatam also presents relevant teachings.

What the Bhagavatam is most known for, however, are the stories of Krishna’s life, from his birth in a dungeon in Mathura to his passing away at Prabhas. Almost all his stories are included in this volume—his childhood in Vrindavan, his youth in Mathura, and his later years in Dwaraka.

In order to keep the volume to a reasonable length, we have had to condense these accounts. However, the main points of the stories are contained here. This volume is especially helpful for readers who do not yet know the stories and would like to learn them. But it is also helpful for readers who know the stories already—or at least some of them—as this volume will refresh their memories and also help them learn many new stories. And, above all, it is an invaluable reference for children.

We are extremely grateful to Pravrajika Shuddhatmaprana for meticulously editing the original manuscript and also writing a thoughtful introduction. Mahendra Zinzuvadiya has drawn the beautiful sketches which adorn the book and Shubhabrata Chandra has designed its cover.

May the ageless stories contained in this book fill the minds of its readers with devotion for the Supreme Being.

Publisher

November 2014

Introduction

Few scriptures have had such great influence on a religion and culture as the Srimad Bhagavatam has. Along with the Bhagavad Gita and the various versions of the Ramayana, it has been the main text of most of the Vaishnava schools of India after Ramanuja. Probably composed in its final form around the tenth century, it was greatly influenced by the Advaita school of Vedanta—though Visishtadvaita and Dvaita are also given their due. But in spite of the Advaitic theology in it, the Bhagavatam was also heavily influenced by the songs of ecstatic divine love written by the Alvars, the Vaishnava saints of Tamil Nadu who lived between the sixth and ninth centuries.

The Alvar songs set a new standard for devotional fervour and poetry. Loving devotion became ecstatic devotion. Devotional poetry became sublime lyricism. This influence on the Bhagavatam can clearly be seen if we compare sections of the older Vishnu Purana with those in the later Bhagavatam.

Though most of the stories in the Bhagavata Purana are basically the same as those in the Vishnu Purana, the relationship between the Lord and his devotees takes a new turn in the Bhagavatam, and this also brings about a change in the teachings and philosophy. For instance, in the stories of both Prahlada and the gopis in the Bhagavatam, their minds become so absorbed in the thought of the Lord that they feel they are the Lord, and they start imitating some of his actions.

Why are these stories so important? Myths and religious stories are actually pointers to another realm, a divine realm. They raise our awareness away from this mundane physical plane and take us to a higher plane of consciousness. Sometimes they do this through obvious teachings, sometimes through allegories, but very often they do it by working on a deeper level of our consciousness and we are hardly aware of the impact they make on us.

The story of the Avadhuta, given in the 11th skandha of the Bhagavatam, would be an example of a story with obvious teachings. So also is the story of King Bharata, in the 5th skandha. There the teachings are spelled out. Regarding allegories, the Bhagavatam itself unabashedly admits that the story of Puranjana in the 4th skandha is an allegory. Probably the story of Gajendra, in the 8th skandha, is also one.

One of the most wonderful examples of the third kind of story, or myth—that is, one that works on a deeper level of our consciousness—is the story of Markandeya, given in the 12th skandha. This is a type of myth that has no particular ‘meaning’ that we can attribute to it. It speaks of a mysterious spiritual experience, and works on the subtle level of our mind to awaken our spiritual consciousness.

But then there are stories like that of Prahlada, which are possibly a combination of some or all of the above. They are partly teachings, partly allegorical, and partly pure myth. Readers should feel free to check out all the stories presented here and make their own judgements. But, as we said, readers should also remember, not all stories have ‘meanings’.

The stories of Krishna, which comprise the largest section of the Bhagavatam, most likely also have a combination of all these elements. Though there may be teachings, and there may even be allegories, yet the general rasa (flavour) of each story is meant to be savoured within. The stories are meant to feed our inner soul. Otherwise, much of the benefit is lost.

We should also remember that there are many Puranas that give these same stories. But just as there are many Ramayanas that tell different versions of the story of Rama and Sita, so also each Purana tells its own version of each story. In fact, the Bhagavatam itself has its own version of the Ramayana—one with a surprising twist to it.

Why don’t the Puranas all tell the same version of each story? What the Puranas are trying to say is that it doesn’t matter if there are different versions of the same story. And, in fact, it doesn’t even matter if these stories are historical or not. The point is not whether Krishna lived at a certain time and enacted a certain lila in a certain way, and at a certain place. For the devotees, the real point is that Krishna lives now—here and now. For them, he still exists and he is still enacting his lilas. The same goes for Rama and other characters from these stories. The point the Puranas are making is that if we listen to these stories with our minds as well as our ears—really listen to them—the divine dramas of Krishna (or Rama) will be awakened in our heart.

These Puranas then—and particularly the Bhagavata Purana—are manuals for spiritual life. The stories are there to inspire us to search within. The more we get a taste for them, the more they will work on our minds. This is why the present volume focuses on the stories.

However, we still must face critics who dismiss myths and stories as being unhistorical and unscientific. Such critics cannot understand what relevance these stories can possibly have for people of our time. To answer this, Swami Vivekananda said to an audience in the USA, ‘It is good for you to remember, in this country especially, that the world’s great spiritual giants have all been produced only by those religious sects which have been in possession of very rich mythology and ritual.’ (1)

Bemoaning the lack of development of myth in Western civilizations, Carl Jung once wrote: ‘Our myth has become mute, and gives no answers. The fault lies not in it as it is set down in the scriptures, but solely in us, who have not developed it further, who, rather, have suppressed any such attempts. The original version of the myth offers ample points of departure and possibilities of development.’ We are very fortunate that this is not the case in India. Perhaps no other country in the world has delighted so much in the development and redevelopment of its mythology as India. And this is one of the reasons why, when Westerners visit India, they often mention how they are inspired by the spiritual atmosphere there.

Western countries need to take note of this. Is a totally ‘rational’ or totally ‘scientific’ outlook enough to feed the spirit within? Besides feeding our religious instincts, mythology also feeds our poetry and all the other arts. And what would life be like without them?

[1] Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, 2.392

BOOK ONE

A Minstrel Shares the Bhagavata

LONG AGO IN THE NAIMISHA FOREST in India, Shaunaka, along with some other rishis, decided to hold a religious ceremony that would last for many years and which many other saints and holy men could take part in.

In those days there were saintly minstrels who sang and recited the holy puranas, scriptures that give stories of the gods and goddesses. These storytellers were called Sutas. The great Suta Ugrashrava, son of Romaharshana, was one of them. When he arrived to take part in the ceremony at Naimisharanya, all the other saints, sages, and holy people were pleased. With great respect, they asked him to recite the stories of Lord Hari—especially of his divine play as Krishna.

Suta Ugrashrava was delighted. He said: ‘When you ask about the Bhagavatam, the story of the one called Krishna, or Vasudeva, you are talking about the story of the Supreme Being. The Vedas find their fulfilment in Vasudeva; the goal of all sacrifice is Vasudeva; the fruit of all yoga is Vasudeva; the end of all actions is Vasudeva. Wisdom, austerities, and holy living are all contained in Vasudeva. Vasudeva alone is the goal of all.

‘He who is Vasudeva, Sri Krishna, is the ever-playful Sri Hari. It is He who incarnates himself as the avatara in different ages. The supremely wise Vyasa recounted the story of his life, activities, and teachings in the Bhagavata Purana, and he then taught it to his son Shukadeva. When, after the death of Sri Krishna, everything was engulfed in darkness, this Bhagavata Purana was the sun, illuminating the world with spiritual truth. When King Parikshit heard the Bhagavata Purana from Shukadeva, I too was there, listening with great attention. Whatever I heard from him, I shall narrate to all of you now as best I can.’

The Incarnation Story

At the beginning of creation, God assumed his Cosmic Form (Virat), which is the source of his many incarnations (avataras), and into which they withdraw. From him also, all the gods, human beings, and sub-human creatures have been created.

Ten avataras are usually spoken of, but the Bhagavatam speaks of twenty-four and of even more than that. As countless streams flow from a single lake, so also countless incarnations spring from Sri Hari, the source of creation. Some are portions of him, some are transformations of his qualities into human terms. But Sri Krishna is God himself. He kindly incarnates himself in every age to save us from sufferings produced by various causes.

Shaunaka then asked Suta: Shukadeva is an ever-free soul and is the greatest among the ascetics, and he is always absorbed in the bliss of the Self. Why then did he take up the study of this scripture?

Suta replied: Such are the blessed qualities of the Supreme Lord Hari that even those sages whose sole delight is in the Self and whose bonds of ignorance have been severed—even they have spontaneous love for the Lord. Moreover, besides being drawn to the wonderful qualities of the Lord, Shuka is also fond of the devotees, so he learned this text in order to relate it to the devotees.

Suta continued: I shall now relate to all of you the story of King Parikshit’s life.

King Parikshit

King Parikshit was the son of the great hero Abhimanyu, who was himself the son of another great hero, Arjuna, one of the five Pandava brothers. While still in his mother’s womb, Parikshit had been saved from the deadly brahmastra weapon by Sri Krishna. Later, before the Pandavas left on their final earthly journey, King Yudhishthira gave his kingdom to Parikshit, and installed him on the royal throne. Parikshit then ruled and protected the vast kingdom and its subjects with great heroism and righteousness.

One day King Parikshit was on a hunting expedition in a forest when he became terribly hungry and thirsty. Wandering about, he spied a small hermitage with a sage inside who was seated in deep samadhi. Not realizing the state that the sage was in, the king eagerly approached him and asked for water, but the sage gave no reply. He didn’t even move. After asking again and again, the thirsty king finally lost his patience. Seeing a dead snake nearby, he picked it up and hung it around the ascetic’s neck. Then he