Keepin' It Real: Essays on Race in Contemporary America

PART I

The Politics of Whitelash

1

When Racism Hits Close to Home: On Your Campus

On September 28, 2016, a young White college student, Tristan John Rettke, then a freshman at East Tennessee State University, taunted a group of Black Lives Matter (BLM) supporters. He was bare-footed, dressed up as a gorilla, carrying a Confederate flag, taunting protesters with bananas, ropes, and nooses. He had a bag labeled marijuana and spoke in broken dialect. Rettke was immediately arrested (Tamburin, 2016) and eventually charged with civil rights intimidation in March 2017 (Campbell, 2017). When I first heard about the incident, I thought to myself, are we living in 2016 or 1916?!

From the United States to Norway to Kenya, Rettke’s antics made both national and international news, through outlets as diverse as USA Today (Bowerman, 2016), Washington Post (Surluga, 2016), and Inside Higher Education (Saschick, 2016). As can be imagined, Black media — print, radio, television, and social media — got busy and wasted no time in taking this deranged fool to task about his arrogant, disrespectful, deplorable, and shamelessly racist behavior. Some of the criticism was downright woke (which is to say, enlightened and right on target) (Callahan, 2016).

As a professor who teaches at East Tennessee State University, I had an understandably curious and vested interest in what had gone down on my campus. What was even more interesting — and at the same time, disgusting — was that the incident took place at Borchuck Plaza. The plaza is only a few feet from my office at Rogers Stout Hall, which is located directly in front of the university library. Adding insult to injury, this is the plaza where a fountain was established to honor the five Black students — Eugene Caruthers, Elizabeth Watkins Crawford, Clarence McKinney, George L. Nichol, and Mary Luellen Owens Wagner — who integrated the university in the 1950s. This is where the students were holding their protest.

As you can imagine, more than a little hell broke loose. Things went down much differently for the young, misguided soul who admitted that his intentions were to provoke the Black protestors. Indeed, Retkke’s antics became the stuff of global gossip. He became the latest poster boy for outlandish and shameful racism.

I was not on campus at the time of this disgusting display of subhuman behavior by Retkke and in some ways I am glad that I was not. Had I been, I might have been inclined to leave my office, run outside, confront him, and go all MBM (Mad Black Man) on his sorry butt. I am sure that is what many of the students he was taunting wanted to do as well.

That being said, I admire and commend our students involved in the peaceful protest for acting in just that manner, peacefully. They did not allow their emotions to overcome their better judgment. They did not sink or succumb to his pathetic level. Rather, they managed to let their message of peaceful and principled protest reign supreme.

Trust me, all of us who are well past our late teens (decades in my case), know that at that stage of your life, you can often react and snap, especially when you feel you are being disrespected and your humanity is being challenged. Again, bravo to the students at my institution!

Not surprisingly, certain factions on social media came to the defense of Rettke. Rather than acknowledge that he engaged in a behavior that was odious and deplorable, they decided to revert to intellectually dishonest comments and arguments denouncing Black Lives Matter as a hate group, that Blacks attack Whites all the time, and other nonsensical and indefensible blather.

The university administration was commended for its rapid response to the incident. ETSU President Brian Noland released a thoughtful statement to the ETSU Student Body and the larger ETSU community, in which he praised the BLM student protesters for handling a situation that could have ended up with a very ugly and volatile outcome with grace and dignity. Later that evening, there was public forum at the University Culp Center, where a number of faculty, administrators, and students attended to express their thoughts on the event and their feelings about the overall climate as it related to race relations on campus. As I see, East Tennessee State University is like most campuses. To be sure, given the institutions history, there is significant room for improvement.

The following day, another professor and I started off a class we were co-teaching that semester by discussing the incident, before moving onto the subject that was scheduled for discussion. As it turned out, several of the students in the course had actually participated in the protest. The discussion was indeed lively at times.

As earlier stated, I did not arrive at the campus until later in the afternoon on the day of the incident and was not aware of it until one of my colleagues, who happens to be White, came to my office and told me about it. It was clear that he was visibly perplexed.

Upon hearing the news, I was shocked. Not at the fact that a student harbored racist beliefs or attitudes, but rather, what surprised me was the level of disrespectful behavior this guy engaged in. One can only speculate as to whether they will conduct a psychological evaluation on this young man.

Rettke was/is a very callous, arrogant, and disgracefully racist human being. He obviously has little, if any regard, for the human dignity of other people who are different from him. It is a sad commentary for sure. Nonetheless, in spite of the shameless behavior he exhibited, justice did prevail and the results will likely follow him for quite some time, and possibly forever.

REFERENCES

Bowerman, Mary (2016, September 29). Student arrested after wearing gorilla mask to Black Lives Matter protest. USA Today. Retrieved from https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/09/29/student-arrested-after-wearing-gorilla-mask-black-lives-matter-protest/91259986/

Callahan, Yesha (2016, September 29). White student in gorilla mask taunts Black Lives Matter at East Tennessee State University. Retrieved from theroot.com/grapevine

Campbell, Becky (2017, March 21). Former ETSU student indicted on civil rights intimidation, disorderly conduct charges. Johnson City Press. Retrieved from https://www.johnsoncitypress.com/Courts/2017/03/21/Former-ETSU-student-indicted-on-civil-rights-intimidation-disorderly-conduct-charges

Jaschick, Scott (2016, September 30). Ugly response to Black Lives Matter. Inside Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/09/30/east-tennessee-state-shaken-when-black-lives-matter-event-disrupted

Surluga, Susan (2016, September 29). Student arrested after wearing gorilla mask, handing out bananas at Black Lives Matter protest. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/09/29/student-arrested-after-wearing-gorilla-mask-handing-out-bananas-at-black-lives-matter-protest/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.e254b4f9b11c

Tamburin, Adam (2016 September 29). Tennessee student arrested after wearing gorilla mask to Black Lives Matter protest. Tennessean. Retrieved from https://eu.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2016/09/29/etsu-student-arrested-after-wearing-gorilla-mask-black-lives-matter-protest/91268320/

2

The 2016 Olympics: The Trilogy of Hypocrisy, Racism, and White Privilege

The 2016 Rio Summer Olympics was an event packed with suspense, intrigue, and drama. Anticipation about the games had been intense even before the competition began. One thing can be said for certain, the athletic competition did not disappoint as there was hardly a dull moment.

The US Women’s gymnastics and swimming teams made many Americans proud with their overwhelming domination at the games. Millions of Americans of all races, religions, ethnic groups, and sexual orientations cheered as Simone Biles, Gabby Douglas, Laurie Hernandez, Michelle Carter, Claressa Shields, Brianna Rollins, Simone Manuel, and other women of color broke records and performed admirably with classic and powerful precision. Fellow gymnast Aly Raisman demonstrated formidable skill as she managed to secure a number of silver medals. It was a glorious sight to witness.

Unfortunately, there was another more disturbing element that overshadowed (some argued dominated) the 2016 Olympic games: racism (Moorehead, 2016). Yes, race reared its perverse and divisive attitude and occasionally saturated the often positive spirit of the games. NBA great LeBron James received racial backlash and criticism for his loving shout-outs to Simone Biles and Simone Manuel, praising them for their masterful performances. LeBron was taken to task by many bloggers chastising him for supposedly making race an issue (Callahan, 2016).

Gabby Douglas was continually attacked for her hairstyle choices (really, is it about her hair!?) as well as seemingly failing to place her hand over her heart and smile during the playing of the national anthem. Track-and-field gold medalist Rollins was called out for having the audacity (sarcasm) to proudly state that Black Girls Rock after winning her competition.

On the other hand, numerous Internet users (mostly White men) were making outlandish excuses for the behavior of US swimmer Ryan Lochte and his band of swimmers who from all recent evidence and news reports apparently lied about being pulled over and robbed at gunpoint in Rio. The three other swimmers were detained by Brazilian authorities. For the record, Lochte did issue a tepid, if not forthright, apology (Romero, 2016).

What was ironic, although not all that surprising for anyone who is attuned to racial politics particularly as they relate to the history of American race relations, is the fact that many of these critics who attacked LeBron James for his support of two fellow African-Americans had no problem in making ridiculous (one could argue pathetic) excuses for Lochte, who was simultaneously dropped by several major corporate sponsors, and the inexcusable antics of his fellow swimmers — Gunnar Bentz, Jack Conger, and Jimmy Feigen. Such defenses ranged from they were just having fun, they just got caught up in the moment, boys will be boys, (Lochte was 32 years old at the time and all the other men were in their late 20s/early 30s) to the, unbelievable, I can understand why they did what they did, and so on (Abad-Santos, 2016).

One can only imagine what the outcry would be if a group of Black athletes had gotten drunk, fabricated a story about being held up, lied to the police, and had their hoax uncovered. Social media would have been filled with phony self-righteous indignation demanding that the athletes in question forfeit their medals as well as the other almost certain hostile racial commentary that would follow (Cave, 2016).

On the contrary, many of the same apologists viciously attacked Gabby Douglas. She was raked over the coals, called every disrespectful name under the sun, and had her character assassinated in the court of public opinion. It was a disgraceful, racial double standard. Indeed, it was the intersection of White arrogance and privilege at its most perverse (Jensen, 2016).

There were those who argued that Ryan Lochte was not White. Well guess what? Despite the debate that engulfed some quarters about Lochte’s Cuban American background versus White, etc., he identifies as White and there are many Hispanics who are White. One thing is for certain: the media had/has certainly classified him and awarded him White male status.

The more insulting, in fact hypocritical, factor that has arisen from this situation is that many of these same commentators who have targeted fellow bloggers who dare invoke racial solidarity and pride in their praise of fellow Black athletes are the same people who, more than often, look at life through a sharply impermeable racial prism. The truth is, whether they are willing to acknowledge or deny this hard truth, a large number of people, in particular, White people, do indeed make many decisions that are based on race:

• Where to live

• Who to marry

• Who to be friends with

• Where to send their kids to school

• Who to hire for more desired types of jobs

• Where to worship

• Who to do business with

• What politicians to support or vote for (most of the time)

and so on.

While many of these same, supposedly color blind, racially liberated folks may see themselves as such, the truth is that they are often anything but. To these men and women, race does indeed matter. Such intellectual dishonesty personifies the height of hypocrisy. Racism, double standards, White denial, and racial resistance are real facts of everyday life. However, for most people of color, we did not need the 2016 Olympic Games to shed light on such a grim reality.

REFERENCES

Abad-Santos, Alex (2016, August 15). Rio 2016: Gabby Douglas Olympics experience fits the pattern of how we treat black female athletes. Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2016/8/15/12476322/gabby-douglas-rio-olympics-racism

Callahan, Yesha (2016, August 17). LeBron James upsets white fans after praising black Olympic athletes. The Root. Retrieved from https://thegrapevine.theroot.com/lebron-james-upsets-white-fans-after-praising-black-oly-1790888844

Cave, Damien (2016, August 12). Race and the Olympic games. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/12/us/race-related-rio-2016-olympic-games.html

Jensen, Emily (2016, August 24). Rio 2016 proved that racism and sexism are still very much our problem. Paste. Retrieved from https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2016/08/rio-2016-proved-that-racism-and-sexism-are-still-v.html

Moorehead, Monica (2016, September 1). Racism, sexism tarnish Olympic games. Munda Abrevo Workers World. Retrieved from https://www.workers.org/2016/09/01/racism-sexism-tarnish-olympic-games/

Romero, Simon (2016, August 19). Ryan Lochte apologizes for my behavior after his robbery claim. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/20/sports/olympics/ryan-lochte-apology-rio-olympics.html

3

Dylann Storm Roof: The Deranged, Dark Face of White Nationalism

Imagine the scenario. You invite a person, in fact a stranger, into your home at their request. On the surface he seems to be normal, sincere, and interested in getting to know you better and being a part of your life and community. Everything seems to be going smoothly. Suddenly, out of nowhere, the individual you have befriended suddenly pulls out a gun and decides to murder you and your fellow family, friends, and associates. Almost unimaginable, right? This was the horrifying scenario that took place at the Emmanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina, on June 17, 2015.

This is the house of worship where mass murderer Dylann Storm Roof betrayed the kindness and generosity of the members who granted him permission to worship in fellowship and communion with them. After sitting quietly in a church pew for over an hour, Roof suddenly jumps up, makes the misguided and deluded charge that Black men are raping White women and that Black people are abusing and taking over America and must be violently stopped from doing so.

He then proceeds to gun down various church members, eventually taking the lives of nine men and women. Three of his victims were over 70 years old, including an 87-year-old great-grandmother. The church pastor and state senator Clementa C. Pinckney was also a victim of this madness. Roof decided to spare the life of one church attendee, informing her that he wanted her to tell the world what had transpired. Murdering people in church: incomprehensible.

Needless to say, Roof’s action left the congregation members and the nation perplexed, stunned, and outraged at such a sadistic act of homeland terrorism. Roof, at the time, was a 21-year-old White male with White supremacist affinities and ties. He had a history of deviant behavior and drug use. The sad and sobering truth is that this was hardly the first time that a Black church had been the target of homegrown terrorism by White supremacists.

Attacks on Black churches have been a common occurrence in America since the nation’s inception. The ongoing and relentless bombing and burning of churches during the era of the modern civil rights movement of the 1950 and 1960s, as well as the intense period of church burnings that occurred in the South and in pockets of the Midwest during the mid-1990s, were indicative of a long and tormented history of violence directed toward Black houses of worship and Black Christianity in general.

Black ministers, such as the late Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., were under relentless attack from the Ku Klux Klan, other virulent and vicious racists, and, in some cases, Southern law enforcement. In the case of Dr. King, he managed to earn the deep enmity of then-FBI director J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI in general. The hostility directed toward these men also placed their welfare and that of those close to them in jeopardy. The behavior of Dylann Storm Roof, who had conveyed his intention to start a race war, was an act of racial terrorism. Pure and simple (McLaughlin, 2015).

There were media outlets that were reluctant to ascribe this label to Roof and, rather, decided to focus on the fact that he was vulnerable to mental illness. This is a disturbing example of intellectual dishonesty. The fact is that there are many people who suffer from mental illness, yet do not go on mass murder sprees and deviously plot to kill other human beings.

This was a premeditated attack. He purposely targeted a church with Black parishioners to inflict his acts of racialized violence upon its members. Dylann Storm Roof is a bigot and his actions were driven by hardcore bigotry. His deeds and actions have made this evident. There is no other way to describe it (Bever, 2017).

After details of the tragic event became known, a number of White nationalists/supremacists attempted to distance themselves from Roof and declared him as an outlier, an aberration, a mentally unstable social deviant, and so forth, citing examples of his past behavior (Nobles and Stewart, 2015). Numerous race-oriented websites saw a number of its subscribers express considerable concern that Roof’s actions would make it considerably more difficult for such groups to successfully recruit new members and that current membership would, in fact, decline. Donald Trump’s presidential victory, a year later in November 2016, quickly put such concerns to rest. Trump’s win was a boon to White nationalism and they eagerly embraced him as someone who was significant to their agenda. Truth be told, given the long history of racial paranoia among many fringe segments of American society, such a prospect should not have been all that