The Labour

The Labour

by

Steven Stanley Bayes

www.Steven-Stanley-Bayes.com

Chapter 1 : Introduction

This book addresses the labour based societies which have been all of the known society since the evolution of the monkeys into humans.

The idea of this book is to briefly analise these labour based society as well as to explore the possibility of a creation, now or in the future, of a society or societies not based on labour, i. e. the labourless societies.

This book also explores the well known evolution of the societies. Society is a group of people gathered at a free will in order to increase their achievements as a group as opposed to their decreased performance as individuals. The reason for this increase in performance is the non linear output of their coexistence based on many factors, most importantly, in the economic factor of being able to carry out tasks as a group as opposed to perform these in singles because of the characteristics of the tasks, most noticeably, because there are tasks which are not possible to perform in singles or not very easily.

A part from the necessity of more human energy to perform a task better and the non linear response of the task, another factor is the necessity of more people to separate the task into sub tasks to achieve the output. Thus, for example, there are simple and complicated tasks where one human cannot achieve performance because of a lack of mechanical support for different subtasks. For example, there are many tasks where a few people are necessary to, say, support a given number of wood planks, so another person can tie them at the top. This task requires two or more people. A single person can either not perform the task at all or, in this example, may be able to do so in case this single person first performs other subtasks, as for example, mounting the wood planks and building a mechanical support for these just to tie their tops and then disassembling the temporary mechanical support.

In the example, the mechanical support, the temporary one, is a subtask which is only to be destroyed after completing of the whole task resulting in a loss of labour energy.

In comparison, a few people can carry out the mechanical support while the person ties the tops without the labour energy of building temporary mechanical supports, i. e., the loss of labour energy for temporary subtasks.

Thus, a task which may take 4 hours to complete by a single person can be completed in 4 minutes by 4 people. This means the task will be completed in 16 human minutes by 4 people as opposed to 4 human hours by a single person.

This is known in common English as a four men job and not a single man job .

This explains one of the economic logical reason for grouping people into societies. Another economic physical reason is the necessity of a higher than a threshold labour energy to complete a task. In an example, a single person cannot lift a metric tone alone unless this single person uses mechanical devices based on the leverage principle or machinery. In case of the lack thereof one has to build them. Instead of building them and losing labour energy to build them, which is just a loss unless these devices are to be used in a multiple usage arrangement, 10 people can lift a metric ton for a few seconds.

There are other than the economic reasons for people grouping such as protection from outside forces, an easier multiplication, etcetera. These can be mentioned but are not the subject of this book because the book examines the logical reason for people to group in a society and this logical reason is the set of economic reasons only and not the rest.

As a brief introduction, the history has seen these types of societies so far, all labour based :

Primitive Communal Society

Slave Ownership Society

Feudal Society ( Feudalism )

Capitalist Society ( Capitalism )

Socialist Society ( Socialism as a first stage to Communism )

There have never been a real Communist Society ( Communism ), however, there have been Socialist Societies which have used a Socialist System which has been a first stage towards Communism. This temporary first stage is to progress towards Communism smoothly and naturally without any revolution or disturbance as the goal of this society is only a transient pre stage to Communism and not to be a society per se.

Chapter 2 : The Evolution and First Groups of People ( First Societies )

At the beginning, there was only non organic chemicals and nothing else. The availability of Carbon ( C ), Hydrogen ( H ), all under the presence of Oxygen ( O ) created the possibility of many combination of C and H, H and O ( O2, i. e. also Oxygen, H2O, i. e. water ). The combinations of C and H from simple to complicated chains and structures are known as organic chemicals.

An interesting feature of the organic chemicals is the endless possibility of combinations and chaining which, can create organic chemical structures with billions and more atoms interconnected in a chain just alike a processor can have billions and more transistors with a transistor also available as a standalone element.

The organisation of the organic chemicals at a given level is called a cell. A cell is the lowest structure of a multi cell organism. Single cell organisms are also available.

Cells comprise C and H combinations only and thus, they can combine and create endless chains with billions and more cells.

The combination of these cells may be arbitrary or organised by a reason. One of the most important reasons for organisation of cells is adaptivity. Whatever combination of cells there is, this combination must be adaptive to the environment or the existence thereof will either be extremely difficult or will not be present at all.

Adaptivity of cell combinations ( organisms ) is called Natural Selection . Natural selection means : mainly the most adapted organisms will survive the environment.

All of the complicated organisms are divided into organs : cell combinations which serve a given purpose in the whole organism. One of the most important organs is the brain : a control centre for the whole organism.

There are two types of important brain functions : hardware and software. The hardware functions are built into the brain and cannot be changed although they do communicate with the rest of the brain as well as among themselves as well as with the environment via sensors. The software functions of the brain are created by the software generation part of the brain and not by the hardware management and control system thereof. The software functions are known as thoughts and the process of generation thereof is known as thinking. Thinking is created by a chain of thoughts which come one from another. As simple as this : no flashes of brilliance and no Gods and religions.

The generation of initial thoughts comes from the same software section of the brain. Some people say these come from a closed subsection of the software section called subconscious subsection of the brain. Whether true or false is irrelevant. The relevant thing is the initial thoughts come from the software section of the brain and not from the hardware.

One of the ways but, probably NOT the only one, of initial thoughts generation is by remembering. One remembers something, i. e. regenerates a part of the environment and starts to chain think from there in a cause effect style. Another way amongst many is imagination. Whether based on remembering or newly made up, an imagination of something may also generate initial thoughts based on which one can derive consecutive and branched chain thoughts thereafter.

Of course, another reason may or may not be random ( arbitrary ) initial thought generations. These may be easily present in case of a tact control of the brain’s initial thought generation : a clock signal which makes the brain jump from thought to thought random or sequentially. A sequential tact scan of initial thought addresses can be full ( all are generated ) or

Every invention is based on a simple cause effect chain ( branched or not ) thinking and nothing else. Remembering and imagination as well as all initial thought generating reasons are basic functions in the software section of the brain which every human and most animals possess and can certainly not be called neither a flash of brilliance nor God’s inspiration.

The most important point in human thinking is combinations. The brain combines various possibilities in order to achieve thoughts.

All organisms which possess a brain can think. Animals and humans. The difference is the level of chaining and branching of the thoughts after the initial one as well as the appearance ( appearance not apparition ) of the initial one.

However, there are some questions : Why do humans think more complex than other animals? How did their brains appear to become more complex? Why do the monkeys not involve into humans continuously? Do people and animal brains continue to evolve or they have all reached saturation apogee in development?

The answers of these questions is contained in an answer of another question : How did humans and other animals and plants appear?

The evolution by adaptability has already been mentioned. This explains how the adapted survive the environment. But why do they evolve from one type to the next? Also because of adaptability. When one looks at the animals and plants one would find there are similar types of each type : some lower, some higher in the complexity scale. One can easily deduct a type has originated from the other type. In which direction : from higher complexity to lower or from lower to higher? A closer look would reveal the more complex the species the greater the adaptability and the higher the survival chance. Thus, one can easily deduct, the natural selection has postulated the development direction to be from low to high in order for the species to better adapt and survive. Thus, there are two points to natural selection and adaptability : Survival of a given type of species and survival of species in general. In order to achieve survival of species in general, the natural selection and adaptability have created a force to more and more complicate the next type of species up to ensure survival ability of species in general.

Humans are more complicated than their predecessor, the monkeys, but not by much as far as the structure of the organism ( except the brain ) is concerned. However, the human brain is rather much more complicated than the monkey’s brain. The quantitative accumulation of brain material and neurons brought a qualitative change in the brain allowing for much more advanced thinking.

How did the brain evolve so much? The answer to this question would answer all others.

In short, despite of many theories of speculation, there is only one true answer : LABOUR.

At a given point of development of the world, some monkeys were put in strange and specific circumstances not normal for them. The most obvious ( maybe not the only one ) reason for these unusual circumstances is the higher difficulty in adaptability and survival ability caused by scarceness of food caused by environmental conditions and changes thereof. In order to adapt and survive, the monkeys had to do something they have not had to do before : they had to start to think with at a higher derivative of thinking, i. e., higher abstraction level. This higher abstraction level comprises mainly indirect thinking.

Direct thinking is when the monkey, which stays on the tree for protection as well as food, just stretches an arm and reaches for a banana. In this way, the monkeys will consume all of the bananas near the stable connections of the branches to the stem as well as on the thick branches only, leaving a lot of food unconsumed. This is OK in case of many bananas but, in a case of scarce food because of environmental circumstances as well as because of the rapid growth of monkey population which has not had any real enemy to match their climbing abilities, the monkey population had to either decrease or, even be extinct or do something else, something not so direct and more abstract : to perform labour.

Labour is a process caused by brain activity and carried out by the muscles which performs a task to achieve a certain goal. For labour to be performed energy is required. This energy is called labour energy. There are three types of labour energy : brain energy, muscle energy and energy to maintain the organism in normal working in case of changes in the organism caused by the labour process.

Brain energy is the energy needed by the brain to think. Contrary to what people think, the amount of this energy is huge and may as well prove to be higher than the amount of muscle energy in some cases. Muscle energy is the energy needed by the muscles to perform the physical work. The maintenance energy is the energy the organism uses for house keeping : for example, while people work, the organism temperature must also be maintained at 36.5 degrees Centigrade. This is why there is sweat : a way of the organism to cool off.

Labour does require indirect thinking at a level of abstraction : in the example, after millions of years of struggle, the monkeys invented a new way of food provision : they grabbed a stick to hit the bananas from the tree which would fall on the ground by the gravity and the monkeys would be able to easily take the bananas when there is no enemy around the tree. There is only one thing the monkeys did in order to achieve this : labour. Thinking of, grabbing, swinging the stick and hitting the target ( the bananas ) is nothing else but labour.

At the moment before the monkeys discovered labour as food provider they had become a higher level of monkey called humanoid monkeys, our predecessors.

Other early inventions by the humanoid monkeys may be throwing a stone or stick, better climbing, etcetera. To achieve all these as well as stick swinging and a more accurate target hitting, the humanoid monkeys had to make one ingenious invention which was the first and the most important human invention ever : the monkeys had to handle objects with their thumb on the opposite side of the object as compared to the other four fingers of the hand. Once this most important human invention was achieved, the rest was a question of simple quantities. This invention was a qualitative invention and not a quantitative one and there is no other qualitative invention than this one which humans or other animals have ever made. With this invention achieved, the rest was easy.

The second important invention was the leverage : leverage is applied most everywhere in the mechanics as for example springs and wheels. An archer uses nothing but a spring and arrows. A spear thrower uses nothing but a leverage of the arm in a wheel motion to achieve acceleration before and V0 at the point of releasing of the spear.

Along with these early logical mechanical invention, there was another one, not very logical but much more important : the discovery of the fire. This was done by observation as fires are natural. Not natural, however, is the thermal processing of food which came from this invention. Probably by chance, there were some animals caught near a fire which were not fully burned but rather cooked only. The now smarter monkeys saw the cooked meat and realised this cooked meat is not like the uncooked meat and have totally different qualities because of the