Faith-Based Organizing: A Congregational Planning Resource for Addressing Poverty

Faith-Based Organizing

Faith-Based Organizing

A Congregational Planning Resource for Addressing Poverty

Charles Fredrickson

Violetta Lien

Herbert E. Palmer

Mary Lou Walther

Fortress Press

Minneapolis

FAITH-BASED ORGANIZING

A Congregational Planning Resource for Addressing Poverty

Copyright © 2021 Fortress Press, an imprint of 1517 Media. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Email [email protected] or write to Permissions, Fortress Press, PO Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN 55440-1209.

Pages with the following line are reproducible: Copyright © 2021 Fortress Press. Permission is granted for the end user to reproduce this page for local non-profit use only.

Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

Scripture quotations marked (ESV) are from The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations marked (NKJV) are taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations marked (KJV) are taken from the KING JAMES VERSION (KJV): KING JAMES VERSION, public domain.

Print ISBN: 978-1-5064-7015-3

eBook ISBN: 978-1-5064-7275-1

Cover Design: Alisha Lofgren

Cover Image: blacklight_trace / istockphoto.com

Interior Design and typesetting: Scribe Inc.

While the author and 1517 Media have confirmed that all references to website addresses (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing, URLs may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.

Contents

Part I: Congregational Transformation

Introduction

1. The Mission of the Congregation

Introduction

A Paradigm Shift

Organizing a Congregation for Advocacy

A Transformation

God Bestows Gifts on the Church

Cast a Vision

Conclusion

2. Laying the Groundwork

Introduction

Three Great Listenings

Conclusion

3. Relationships

Connecting People

One-to-One Relational Meetings

Gleaning Themes or Patterns from One-to-Ones

Moving Out of a Congregational Comfort Zone

The Importance of Communication

Conflict, Power Imbalance, and Racism

Relationships Lead to Advocacy

Conclusion

4. CICBA Training Process

Introduction

Five Key Outcomes

Outcome 1: Congregational Leadership Development

Outcome 2: Congregational Transformation

Outcome 3: Community Awareness

Outcome 4: Community Engagement

Outcome 5: Formation of a Collaborative Community Team

Part II: Key Supportive Resources

5. An Open Letter to Pastoral Leaders

You as the Pastoral Leader

Congregational Transformation

6. Culture of Poverty

Introduction: An Ancient Story

Types of Poverty

Resources Necessary for Moving Out of Poverty

Hidden Rules of Economic Classes

Leaving the Culture of Poverty

CICBA’s Goal to Overcome Poverty

7. Racism

Introduction

Racism and White Privilege

Forms of Racism

History of Racism in the United States

Present-Day Racism in the United States

Church and Racism

Resources for a Study of Racism

8. One-to-One Relational Meetings

One-to-One Relational Meetings Defined

9. Congregational Listening and Listening Skill Training

Planning a Congregational InReach

10. Listening to Community Players

11. Community Analysis

Community Walk

Learning More about Our Local Community

12. Power Analysis

How Institutions Function

Relational Power

Power Analysis Tool

Now What?

Concluding Considerations

Benediction

13. Team Time Planning

14. Collaborative Community Team: Recruitment, Leadership, Listening

Steps to an Invitation

Elements of a Good Meeting

Guidelines for Conversation

15. Advocacy Resources

Advocacy Organizing Cycle

Acknowledgments

Part III: Appendixes

Appendix A: CICBA Training Evaluation Questions

Appendix B: CICBA Final Evaluation Report

Appendix C: Evaluation Report from Interviews with Pastors

Glossary

Bibliography

About the Authors

I

Congregational Transformation

When a congregation moves from charity to advocacy, everything changes.

Introduction

Poverty is a long-standing wound upon human society. It is time to heal this wound. Through effective partnerships forged in local contexts, faith communities can and should address and overcome many of the root causes of poverty.

The first-century church in Jerusalem believed poverty could be effectively addressed among the people who were part of the faith community: They would sell their possessions and goods and distribute the proceeds to all, as any had need (Acts 2:45). The first-century church had a strategy to care for one another. Although they lived in a different time and context, they recognized the needs of their people required a communal response. Their example can inspire similar ministry in every generation. The church today can adopt a more comprehensive vision by building community partnerships to overcome the root causes of poverty.

Ever since its early beginnings, the church has been charitable by consistently heeding the biblical call to feed the hungry, provide shelter for refugees, visit the sick and imprisoned, and clothe the naked. Even before the time of the church, prophets, speaking on behalf of God, called the community of Israel and those in power to work for justice in response to poverty. Even so, after thousands of years, people in our time still live in poverty.

Charity is necessary. Communities need a safety net to feed, clothe, and house people with inadequate resources. Thank God for the love of people, including those in the church who have for centuries provided such a safety net! Emergency services, however, are not a way out of poverty. Charity does not resolve the root causes of poverty, nor does it empower people caught in the vicious cycle of poverty. What systems sustain or even perpetuate poverty? Why does poverty persist even where congregations are part of a community?

Congregation-Initiated Community-Based Advocacy (CICBA) is a faith-based effort seeking to identify what sustains poverty and organize people to work together to overcome its root causes. This resource is the fruit of a pilot project in the Southwestern Texas (SWT) Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).

CICBA has a vision for actively addressing and reducing poverty in Texas, one community at a time. There are congregations in communities across the state. We wondered, What if these congregations were to become familiar with the root causes of poverty in their communities? What if they were to build relationships with people in poverty and form community partnerships to identify local causes of poverty? What if such collaborative groups were to advocate for change with the goal of reducing poverty?

People of faith can address and overcome poverty, because they have what is needed to do so. In what follows, we identify available resources in the church. We also offer tools for building relationships with leaders in a local community where there are people in poverty. We invite congregations to initiate local partnerships that include a congregation, people in poverty, and community leaders to advocate for change that can overcome poverty.

In this resource, we share the fruits of what we have discovered—through both our successes and our errors—about community life inside and outside the church. We describe our work with honesty because we want to convey, as openly as possible, what we have learned. We want congregations to be motivated and effective in addressing and reducing poverty in their communities. We are very hopeful because of what we have seen emerge in congregations in southwestern Texas through intentional and collaborative relationships.

The end results of the CICBA process described in this resource are collaborative relationships established between people in a congregation, people in poverty, and other people or institutions invested in the welfare of a local community who successfully work together to change systems contributing to poverty.

The basic foundations for the CICBA process include

• recentering one’s faith,

• building broad relationships,

• adopting a strategy to move from charity to advocacy,

• developing awareness of systems that perpetuate poverty, and

• equipping people with tools for advocacy.

Within this process, new leadership will emerge, relationships will be enriched, and congregations will experience renewed love for people in their community as they undergo a transformation.

Although the CICBA pilot began in Texas, we are keenly aware that poverty exists throughout our country. We believe what we are sharing can be helpful to any faith community willing to address the root causes of poverty. Thus we have prepared it specifically for pastors and lay leaders who want to invite their congregations to engage in faith-based community organizing. This resource will help them grow in their understanding and motivate them into action. It will also be useful for denominational and judicatory leaders who feel called to lead the church in mission.

So why should it matter? A parallel conversation says people in poverty are responsible for taking care of themselves. If that is your sentiment, we are asking you to take the time to read through this resource with an open mind. We hope what we are sharing will stir up a keen sensitivity to why overcoming poverty matters so that you will discover a different outlook toward systems that perpetuate poverty.

We believe addressing and overcoming poverty matters to God. God has a vision for the human community—one that often uses the imagery of a feast in which people from all nations gather around a table where there is enough for all. Another image of God’s future is one of peace. When people live in peace with one another, all have enough.

For anyone interested in exploring theological and biblical foundations for God’s call to advocacy with people in poverty, the CICBA task force highly recommends Faith-Rooted Organizing: Mobilizing the Church in Service to the World.¹

Overcoming poverty matters because we share a common humanity with all people. We refer to one another in ways that incorporate experience, culture, education, race, gender identity, and the accumulation of resources. These ways often pinpoint how different or separate people are. The truth is, we are all beloved children of God. We all share a place in God’s creation, and we are united in our humanity.

It matters because we seek to be a society that is invested in the common good, where people have equal access to what gives life and wholeness. In such a society, everyone benefits.

Understanding why it matters is just as important as knowing how to move forward. It is as essential to spend the time necessary with this resource to understand the why as it is to jump into organizing people to work for justice.

Congregation-Initiated Community-Based Advocacy (CICBA)

CICBA was a pilot. A few people came together, believing they were Spirit-led to act on a shared passion. From the very beginning, they embarked on a plan of action.

CICBA invited congregations from different settings and of different sizes. The criteria used to select congregations for the pilot included

1. a history of serving in the community,

2. the pastor’s call to lead the congregation as a public church, and

3. the willingness of a congregation’s leadership to accept CICBA as a partner.

The CICBA task force had the opportunity to work alongside twelve congregations that were grouped in three successive clusters over a period of five years. We called these clusters generations. As the task force worked with each successive generation, the workshop preparation was expanded. The workshops, with added content, were expanded over time, but the vision we began with remained. This resource includes an outline of the workshops as a tool for utilizing them in various local contexts. It has been a blessing to know and accompany people from a variety of congregations in this work. We share some of their stories in this document.

CICBA was an experiment with ideas. While none of the ideas is original, they are part of a new process that invites congregations to embark on a path wherein they feel called to love the neighbor and become invested in healing the devastating effects of poverty.

Were We Successful?

How many congregations actually moved from charity to advocacy and saw tangible results in overcoming poverty in their context? All of the pilot congregations embraced the transformation from charity to advocacy, and they all began a process to organize people in the congregation to become more familiar with the community in which their church is located. To date, however, a couple of the pilot congregations have taken steps with their community to advocate together for change. At the same time, all of them in some way have been changed by moving toward advocacy. We do not know how long it takes for a complete transformation. In the case of individuals, consider how long it took for Saul of Tarsus. After he was converted to the Way, it was another twelve years before he emerged ready to assume his calling. The transformation of communities involves a complex engagement with culture, teaching, and power. How long does that take? We have not figured that out. Congregations certainly have tools, passion, and receptivity for transformation. We believe they will continue to grow toward advocacy related to poverty.

The CICBA pilot tested a vision. It has been receptive to change in light of new learnings. The pilot was not a program that followed steps and measured results. Instead, the approach was to try things out in a mode of being a public church. In that, we are bold to say we were successful. We have still much to learn about building a consensus in a congregation, developing community partnerships, and taking ownership of the work of advocacy. We hope others will benefit from and build upon the work of CICBA. If so, it will be another successful outcome of the pilot.

The Content of This Resource

This resource has three parts. Part 1 details what is essential for congregations to move from charity to advocacy. Part 2 provides essays and resources for (a) the scope of the CICBA process, (b) developing awareness of deeper issues, and (c) advocacy. Part 3 includes three appendixes that provide summary reports of the CICBA five-year initiative, a glossary, and a bibliography of key resources.

Part 1: Congregational Transformation

Chapter 1: The Mission of the Congregation. The mission of the church is to love the world and work for peace. Poverty is a clear symptom that humanity has not loved the world. This chapter identifies areas requiring attention if a congregation wants to move toward a posture of advocacy to overcome poverty in its community.

Chapter 2: Laying the Groundwork. Listening is essential for mission and precedes taking action. This chapter develops an understanding and some implications of three great listenings—listening to God, listening in a congregation, and listening to a community.

Chapter 3: Relationships. Building relationships is important and necessary for advocacy. This chapter provides a blueprint for building relationships and explains why one-to-one relational meetings are essential and how to use them in advocacy.

Chapter 4: CICBA Training Process. This is a practical and descriptive examination of elements in the CICBA process and related training. This chapter describes considerations for congregations who are planning to train using the key hands-on tools provided in part 2.

Part 2: Key Supportive Resources

This section includes content essential for the CICBA process. The pilot task force discovered that it was necessary to discuss institutional racism and the culture of poverty. Congregations that are serious about understanding poverty must pay attention to some painful realities in American society.

The important role of pastoral leadership became apparent to the CICBA task force as congregations lived into their transformation. An Open Letter to Pastoral Leaders, chapter 5, encourages pastors to claim a call to courageous leadership in what just might be the most important time in a congregation’s history.

Finally, a number of valuable tools used in the training workshops are available in this section. These hands-on resources support the elements listed in chapter 4, CICBA Training Process.

Part 3: Appendixes

An independent researcher, Audra Bacon, was retained by the task force to interview and evaluate responses of congregational members and pastoral leaders who participated in the CICBA pilot. The CICBA Training Evaluation Questions (appendix A), CICBA Final Evaluation Report (appendix B), and Evaluation Report from Interviews with Pastors (appendix C) are available for those persons who would like to review these questions and reports.

A glossary is provided as an easy reference to clarify terms introduced in this resource; and a bibliography is provided with suggested reading for those who desire to broaden their understanding of the issues raised in this resource.

Finally, there is a brief statement about the four persons of the CICBA task force who authored this resource.

Summary

Charity is necessary and serves as an important safety net in every community. While charity responds to the needs of people in communities, it rarely, if ever, overcomes or removes the root causes of poverty. It is possible to address and overcome conditions and the root causes of poverty, and it is possible to change systems that perpetuate poverty. In every community, there are congregations that desire to embrace God’s love for the neighbor. The neighbor is just outside the door. Some of those neighbors live in poverty, and some of those neighbors would welcome leadership to bring people together to reduce poverty and remove its root causes. Congregations can inspire, mobilize, and provide leadership. This resource offers effective ways to guide local congregations in exercising such leadership to work for justice in the face of poverty.

Note

1. Alexia Salvatierra and Peter Heitzel, Faith-Rooted Organizing: Mobilizing the Church in Service to the World (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2014).

1

The Mission of the Congregation

Introduction

God loves the whole world, without exception. Period. How does the church in turn love this world into which God sends it and where God invites it to participate in the divine mission? God calls the church to be part of the world and to love it. While affirming the global scope of this mission, Congregation-Initiated Community-Based Advocacy (CICBA) has chosen to focus on local congregations. In this section, we identify areas requiring attention if a congregation wants to move into advocacy to overcome poverty in its community.

In CICBA, participants advocate both with people in poverty and with others invested in a community. People actively engaged in a community and people in poverty collaborate with each other to overcome poverty. It can happen!

A congregation can initiate advocacy, but it does not do so alone. This study describes in detail how to build community relationships and—through communication, collaboration, and cooperation—identify the root causes of poverty in a given context and advocate for change. A congregation does not come to its community with an agenda or a plan for action. Instead, a congregation starts by building relationships with others in its surrounding community as equal partners for change.

A Paradigm Shift

The approach presented in this study represents a paradigm shift for congregations and, likely, for people in a surrounding community, especially in how a congregation engages with its local community. A paradigm shift is a fundamental change in an individual’s or a society’s view of how things work in the world. Chapter 2, Laying the Groundwork, provides additional information about a paradigm shift.

Many people in a community experience a local congregation as a place to turn to in an emergency for compassion or for spiritual guidance. People turn to the church for food when they are hungry, for assistance when the electricity