Zak George's Dog Training Revolution: The Complete Guide to Raising the Perfect Pet with Love

CHAPTER ONE

DECISIONS, DECISIONS: CHOOSING THE RIGHT DOG FOR YOU

Sure, there are plenty of people who wander into a pet store or shelter, fall madly in love with an adorable puppy, and bring him home that day. However, it’s always important to remember that choosing a dog is a huge commitment, one that can last for fifteen years or more. It’s crucial to do your homework.

Far too many people decide to get a dog on a whim, and they wind up having to give their pet away after they realize they just can’t handle the responsibility. Sadly, these precious animals often wind up in animal shelters where, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), 1.2 million dogs are euthanized each year.¹ Many others wind up living months or years in cages, waiting for someone to adopt them.

We can avoid this, and the key is knowing what to expect before you get a dog. While bringing one into your family can be one of life’s most joyous experiences, it also requires a lot of time, patience, consistency, and love. Puppies or older dogs who have not had significant training require several weeks just for you to start establishing basic communication with them. After that come months of training. If you are considering getting a dog, this chapter will help you determine whether that’s the best decision for you right now. Then, if it is, it’s a matter of finding the right dog for your lifestyle so that you can meet your pet’s needs and help him fit seamlessly into your family. Let’s get started!

THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS

When thinking about getting a dog, remember they all need the following things.

Time

Dogs are highly intelligent, social creatures who require mental and physical stimulation every day. Moderate- to high-energy dogs need considerable exercise, such as a long run or an extended game of fetch. Caring for a new dog and training him requires a lot of time; you can’t cut corners and expect the results you want. So if you work eighty hours a week and are never home, don’t get a dog unless either you have a trusted relative or friend who will care for your pet or you’re prepared to hire a dog walker on a regular basis. Also, if you like to be out and about all weekend and don’t want the hassle of having to come home throughout the day to walk a dog, you might want to reconsider getting one.

Prepare to spend twenty minutes to one hour a day of training and exercise at least five days a week for the first six months to a year. Don’t worry, it doesn’t take that long to teach the fundamentals; we can do that in less than two months. However, if you dedicate that extra time to training, then you can expect spectacular results. Our dogs can be with us for a long time, so why not put in extra time up front so you’ll have an incredibly well-behaved dog for years to come?

Patience

It’s important to set your expectations: Your new dog will make mistakes and do things you’re not happy about. He may play bite for months, and potty accidents in the house are almost inevitable. Dogs can be noisy and messy, and they certainly won’t pick up the toys they leave around the house. If you’re getting a dog, you’ve got to be willing to get into the mind-set that this is all normal and remember there’s a light at the end of the tunnel. Make the commitment right now to prioritize patience. The irony about teaching dogs is that the faster you try to get results, the slower your progress will be. Take your time and you’ll achieve success sooner.

Costs

People often underestimate the costs of taking care of a dog. There’s the initial expense—which can range from a minimal donation at a shelter to $2,000 or more for a puppy that comes from a pet store or breeder. However, the costs don’t end there and will vary greatly depending on the size and age of your dog, his grooming needs, where you live, and personal choice.

At first, there are the basic supplies, ranging from a collar and leash to a crate and food, a veterinarian checkup, and possibly neutering or spaying. You’ll have annual expenses such as food, vet visits and medications, toys, and supplies. Bills can also skyrocket for those people who hire professional dog walkers or groomers on a regular basis, dog sitters for when they travel, or trainers. Lastly, there are those unexpected expenses—say, when your dog eats a pair of underwear and has to have it surgically removed (a reason to consider pet health insurance; see this page, chapter 2). Bottom line: Whether you pay a hefty sum for a dog or get one for free from a friend, the cost of caring for one can range from about $1,000 a year to ten times that.

LIFESTYLE ISSUES

Once you’ve determined whether you have the time, patience, and financial means to care for a dog, think about the following questions.

Where Do You Live?

Many apartments buildings don’t allow dogs; other communities restrict certain breeds or set weight limits for dogs. Make sure you ask your landlord or homeowners’ association which rules apply to you. Also, look at your environment and determine whether your dog’s exercise needs can be met—if you live in a small apartment in a city, you may want to reconsider getting a large, high-energy dog who requires lots of exercise and space to run around in. Of course, there are exceptions (a determined new pet parent can find a way), but it’s important to think this through in advance.

Do You Have Children?

Bringing a dog into your home can be one of the best things you ever do for your children—it teaches them how to care for another being and also provides them with the most loyal, loving friend. However, take into account your child’s age and personality as well as the size, age, and temperament of the dog. You don’t want a situation where either might get hurt. Also, always keep in mind that a dog will most certainly be your responsibility, not your child’s. There’s more on children and dogs on this page, chapter 3.

Are Other Animals Living in the House?

Plenty of dogs live in harmony with other pets in the house—even cats. We’ll address how to introduce the newcomer to the existing pets on this page, chapter 3. At this point, if you already have a pet, think about how he’s going to handle the new addition.

Is Now the Right Time?

If you’re starting a new job, going through a divorce, moving, having a baby, or experiencing any other major life change, ask yourself whether you have the time and patience to care for a dog right now. You may want to wait until life calms down a bit.

Is Anyone in Your Family Allergic to Dogs?

Figure this out ahead of time by going to a friend’s house with a dog similar to the one you’re considering to determine any allergies. The good news is that just because someone has an allergy in your family that doesn’t mean you can’t get a dog. I’ll explain your options later in this chapter.

Why Are You Getting a Dog?

Are you looking for a watchdog, a surrogate baby, or a best friend for your child or another dog you already have? Do you want a pet that will follow you around all day and snuggle next to you on the couch at night, or do you prefer one that likes his space? Are you planning on taking your dog on your six-mile run every morning, or do you want one that just requires a few quick walks? Figuring this out ahead of time will help you choose a dog wisely.

Is Everyone in Your Home Ready for a Pet?

If your child puts puppy at the top of his Christmas list, but you’re not gung ho about getting a dog, then it’s best to not jump the gun. The person who would spend the most time caring for the dog needs to make the final decision.

Have You Thought About the Future?

Many dogs live for ten years or much longer, so think about your future: Are you planning on moving? Getting married? Having kids? Heading to graduate school? Of course, we don’t always know what the future holds, but it’s smart to think about whether a dog will fit into your life for years to come.

HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST DOG FOR YOU

Once you determine that you’re definitely ready for a dog and capable of caring for one, then it’s time to narrow down your choices. While some people know exactly what kind of dog they want and where to find him, others have no clue. Either way, I’ll walk you through the most important issues to consider.

Puppy or Adult Dog?

It’s a no-brainer why a lot of people want a puppy—they’re one of the cutest creatures on earth, and there are advantages to getting your dog at this stage of his life. For starters, you’re in a position to teach your pet from day one. You can prevent habits you don’t like from emerging in the first place, and you can take measures to prevent your dog from having socialization issues later on in life. Of course, there’s also something magical about caring for another living being from a very young age.

However, keep in mind that puppies are a lot of work, and the time commitment is huge. A puppy is brand-new to this world and knows nothing of human culture and expectations. Puppies don’t come housetrained, and you have to walk them very often. They haven’t yet learned that they’re not supposed to play bite. Plus, you have to constantly monitor their every move—puppies are extremely curious and often love to chew everything in sight, so if you let your guard down they can damage your home or, worse, get hurt. In short, you’ll need to be extra tolerant and patient for some time.

What are the advantages to adopting an adult dog? They don’t play bite as much, and housetraining is a little less difficult simply because their bladders are more developed and they can hold it longer. Some dogs may even come fully housetrained and know basic requests such as sit and stay. Older dogs typically cost less to acquire, too. Also, keep in mind that some of the best dogs in the world are those who have spent years in rescue shelters waiting for the perfect home.

However, there may be some disadvantages: Many older dogs may not have been socialized properly as puppies, which can make them less confident in certain situations. For example, many dogs fear men simply because they weren’t exposed to them at a young age. Bad habits like destructive chewing, jumping on people, and pulling on a leash are likely more established, which means it may take a little more effort to put a stop to them.

Weigh the pros and cons of having a puppy versus an older dog and remember not to underestimate the commitment a young puppy requires. However, if you have the time and patience to dedicate to a dog regardless of his age, then either can be a perfect addition to your family.

Does Size Matter?

Some people want only a dog they can tote around in their purse; others believe that bigger is better. I’ve worked with dogs of all shapes and sizes, and I’ve learned that size has absolutely nothing to do with the personality of a dog. However, it’s definitely something you should consider. Here’s what you need to know:

• Large dogs may require more room to exercise . This is a generalization, but it’s often true.

• Smaller dogs tend to have longer life spans . For instance, a Chihuahua can live eighteen years, whereas a Bernese Mountain Dog’s life expectancy is a mere six to nine years. ² In fact, a study published in the American Naturalist found that for every 4.4-pound increase in weight, life expectancy dropped by one month. ³ Of course, many variables will affect a dog’s life span; size is just one of them.

• The larger the dog, the higher the costs for his basic care . While a small breed might eat about a half cup of kibble daily, a large one can go through ten times that. Grooming, toys, and other expenses can cost more, too.

• Smaller dogs are more portable . You can more easily pick them up and take them in the car or on errands. Also, on most commercial airlines, you can bring a small dog on board as a carry-on as long as he fits in a travel case under the seat in front of you.

• Large dogs can ward off strangers . A Bullmastiff sitting in your front window is going to scare off potential burglars more than a Maltese might, simply because of his appearance. (Though a small dog who’s attentive and likes to bark can also make for an excellent watchdog.)

• Small dogs are easier to control . I’m not saying that it’s easier to train a small dog. However, when a ten-pound dog jumps up or lunges on his leash, it’s quite different from handling an eighty-pound dog with the same behavioral issues. Think about whether you have the strength to control a bigger dog.

Mixed Breed or Purebred?

People often fixate on a particular breed, but I’ve got to say that many of the friendliest, smartest, most capable dogs I’ve ever worked with were mixed breeds. These dogs, often found in shelters, are typically results of random or unintentional breeding, and they tend to cost much less than purebred dogs. (We’re not talking about designer dogs here. I’ll get to that in a second.)

On the flip side, it’s understandable that many people want a particular breed. Maybe they adore Pugs because they grew up with them or German Shepherds because they make them feel safe. Also, there’s the obvious advantage: with a purebred, you can safely estimate the future size, grooming needs, and appearance of your dog. With a mixed breed puppy, you can take a guess, but you might be surprised when the dog you thought was nonshedding and destined to top out at ten pounds winds up leaving hair all over the house and weighing so much you can’t lift him.

Many experts argue that mixed breeds are healthier because of what’s known as hybrid vigor: by combining two different breeds, you are pooling from a larger range of traits, so the dog will less likely carry one of the genetic conditions common in certain breeds. However, a large study in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association found that the prevalence of certain genetic disorders among purebreds versus mixed breeds greatly depends on the specific health condition.⁴

Bottom line: I can’t recommend one type of dog over another—for every great mixed breed there’s an equally amazing purebred. And more research needs to be done on this topic before we definitively know whether one is healthier than the other. Just rest assured that with so many choices, you are sure to find a loving, well-behaved companion.

DESIGNER DOGS

You might wonder about designer dogs such as Cockapoos and Morkies. These dogs are mixed breeds with a twist—they’re the result of intentional breeding of two purebreds to create a new breed that theoretically combines the best traits of both parents. For instance, a Cockapoo is a cross between a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle, while a Morkie is a cross between a Maltese and a Yorkie. These puppies sometimes have a much heftier price tag than purebreds.

The popularity of these dogs has dramatically increased since the late 1980s, when an Australian breeder named Wally Conron set out to create a nonshedding Seeing Eye dog. He crossed a Labrador Retriever with a Poodle and voilà: the Labradoodle was invented, and a new trend in the dog world was launched.

Some experts claim these dogs are healthier because of hybrid vigor, though no studies have proven that. However, keep in mind a lot of these designer dogs come from puppy mills and backyard breeders who are looking to make a quick buck and have no concern for the puppy’s health or temperament. In fact, according to an article in Psychology Today, Conron himself said, I opened a Pandora’s box, that’s what I did. I released a Frankenstein. So many people are just breeding for the money. So many of these dogs have physical problems, and a lot of them are just crazy.⁵

I’m not saying you should avoid these dogs. Just don’t believe all the hype. Designer dogs aren’t that different from the mixes you see at a shelter. Regardless of any benefits their sellers claim, you still won’t know exactly what you’re going to wind up with, as temperament, appearance, and coat can vary greatly from one dog to another. Many dogs bred not to shed actually do.

CHOOSING A BREED

If you choose a purebred dog over a mutt, then your next step will be to pick a particular breed. I can’t stress enough how dangerous it can be to focus too much on breed. People choose breeds based on stereotypes and are very often disappointed when their dog doesn’t behave as he’s supposed to. However, almost no individual dog will meet all of the characteristics defined by a breed description.

Trust me: you simply cannot reliably assign attributes to your individual dog based on his breed. I’ve known lots of retrievers who don’t retrieve, tiny Yorkies who excel at competitive Frisbee, hyper Basset Hounds, and Border Collies who were terrified of the sheep they were bred to herd.

I’m not saying to ignore breed altogether. Of course, there are characteristics of certain breeds that remain true: things like shedding and size are not going to vary widely, so these generalizations are more accurate. Also, if you’re picking out a dog, it’s still a good idea to get a wide-angle view of what certain breeds were bred to do, and if you need a dog to, say, herd cattle, then you should probably stick with a herding breed. When I first got into competitive Frisbee competitions, I purposely chose a Border Collie because I knew they are often high-energy dogs with relentless focus and physical stamina. In my dog Venus’s case, she fit the stereotype in those respects, and we won many competitions. However, I know plenty of other Border Collies who wouldn’t have been suited for the competitions at all.

In sum, it’s fine to use breed stereotypes in a very preliminary way to get traction on the decision-making process as long as you understand that these are tentative guidelines, not absolute truths. Just as every human within a certain race, religion, or culture is different, the same concept applies to dogs: You need to get to know the individual.

Breed Overview

The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes 189 breeds and divides them into seven major dog groups based on what they were bred to do. Remember, these are generalizations—for every rule there’s an exception. Some dogs will largely fit their stereotype, while others won’t at all. Also, it’s worth noting that the AKC is not the final word on what constitutes a breed, either. There are a number of breeds not recognized by the AKC. This doesn’t make them less valid. Here’s a breakdown of the major dog groups:

Sporting Group: Bred to help hunters flush and retrieve game from water or land, this group includes spaniels, retrievers, pointers, and setters. They can be very active and alert, and they often require a lot of exercise.

Herding Group: This group was bred to herd other animals such as livestock. Many dogs in this group, such as the German Shepherd, Border Collie, and Welsh Corgi, are intelligent and often easily trainable.

Working Group: These dogs, such as the Rottweiler, Great Dane, Siberian Husky, and Portuguese Water Dog, were bred to guard livestock, pull sleds, and rescue. They are often intelligent, strong dogs.

Terrier Group: Bred to hunt and kill vermin, these dogs—ranging from the West Highland and Jack Russell to the Airedale and Miniature Schnauzer—can be feisty and relentless. They often have lively personalities and may make for an engaging pet.

Toy Group: Bred for companionship, these dogs—which range from the Maltese and Havanese to the Shih Tzu and Chihuahua—are small in size. They’re known as lap dogs (though I’ve met plenty of eighty-pound dogs who think they are lap dogs, too).

Hound Group: Including dogs such as Beagles, Basset Hounds, and Dachshunds, this sturdy, diverse group was bred to assist hunters. Some may have a keen sense of smell; others may have extraordinary speed and stamina or other characteristics that help them hunt.

Non-Sporting Group: This is the group that includes all the dogs who don’t seem to fit into other groups, such as the Poodle, Shar-Pei, Bichon Frise, and the Bulldog. Their size, appearance, and personality traits run the gamut.

WHERE TO FIND YOUR DOG

After you’ve done your research, it’s time to start searching for your perfect pet. Here’s where to look.

Shelters/Rescue Groups

You want a puppy? A purebred? Possibly both? No matter what kind of dog you’re searching for, first look at shelters or rescue groups, which are volunteer-run organizations that sometimes focus on one breed and usually use foster families to care for dogs until they find permanent homes. You’ll be amazed by the dogs you can find. According to the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), 25 percent of dogs in shelters are purebreds.⁶ As for puppies, many dogs living in these places are pregnant, and their offspring will need homes, too. Also, when pet store puppies don’t sell, the stores may ship them off to shelters. You can get, say, a four-month-old puppy for less than one-tenth the price you would have paid if you had gotten the same exact dog in a pet store one month earlier.

Dogs arrive in these places for different reasons, ranging from being abandoned on the side of the road to being dropped off by loving people who couldn’t care for their pet anymore because of an illness or death in the