Pushing the Boundaries - A Conversation with Freeman Dyson
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About this ebook
During this extensive conversation Freeman looks back on his simultaneously transformative careers in theoretical physics, mathematics, biology, rocket ship design, nuclear disarmament and writing.
This carefully-edited book includes an introduction, Pure and Applied, and questions for discussion at the end of each chapter:
I. Debating Exceptionalism - Personal and professional
II. In Praise of Rebels - Moving science forwards
III. Against Reductionism - Valuing the specific
IV. Foundational Issues - From the anthropic principle to free will
V. Current Mysteries - From dark energy to quasicrystals
VI. The Origin of Life - RNA as a parasite
VII. Space Travel - Manned vs. unmanned
VIII. Science and Society - Climate change and more
IX. Religion - Another path
X. Final Thoughts - Neuroscience and Chinese string theorists
About Ideas Roadshow Conversations Series:
This book is part of an expanding series of 100+ Ideas Roadshow conversations, each one presenting a wealth of candid insights from a leading expert in a focused yet informal setting to give non-specialists a uniquely accessible window into frontline research and scholarship that wouldn't otherwise be encountered through standard lectures and textbooks. For other books in this series visit website: https://ideasroadshow.com/.
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Pushing the Boundaries - A Conversation with Freeman Dyson - Howard Burton
Ideas Roadshow conversations present a wealth of candid insights from some of the world’s leading experts, generated through a focused yet informal setting. They are explicitly designed to give non-specialists a uniquely accessible window into frontline research and scholarship that wouldn’t otherwise be encountered through standard lectures and textbooks.
Over 100 Ideas Roadshow conversations have been held since our debut in 2012, covering a wide array of topics across the arts and sciences.
See www.ideas-on-film.com/ideasroadshow for a full listing.
Copyright ©2014, 2020 Open Agenda Publishing. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-77170-043-6
Edited with an introduction by Howard Burton.
All Ideas Roadshow Conversations use Canadian spelling.
Contents
A Note on the Text
Introduction
The Conversation
I. Debating Exceptionalism
II. In Praise of Rebels
III. Against Reductionism
IV. Foundational Issues
V. Current Mysteries
VI. The Origin of Life
VII. Space Travel
VIII. Science and Society
IX. Religion
X. Final Thoughts
Continuing the Conversation
A Note on the Text
The contents of this book are based upon a filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Freeman Dyson in Princeton, New Jersey, on February 19, 2014.
Freeman Dyson was Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study, a bestselling author, and one of the most celebrated polymaths of our age.
Howard Burton is the creator and host of Ideas Roadshow and was Founding Executive Director of Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics.
Introduction
Pure and Applied
It’s hard to imagine an academic institution that is more committed to undirected, unfettered scholarship—knowledge for knowledge’s sake—than the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
In an age when many bemoan the so-called corporatization of academe, the IAS stands proudly in the footsteps of its founding Director Abraham Flexner, who diligently leveraged the fortune of Louis Bamberger and his sister Caroline Bamberger Fuld to create the first private, independent, American centre for pure research and scholarship in 1930.
The IAS is not a university. Its faculty face no teaching requirements and shoulder very limited administration so as to ensure that they are best able to dedicate themselves to following their intellectual inclinations wherever they might lead.
Its postdoctoral fellows—members
—are given complete freedom to interact with whomever they so choose during their 3-5 year stays, while its students—well, the IAS formally has no students, either undergraduate or graduate. If you want students, go to nearby Princeton University. There are lots of them there.
It’s not a place that works for everyone, of course. Inevitably some think it too stuffy and out of touch. The celebrated theoretical physicist Richard Feynman once turned down a faculty appointment there, citing the pressure of being in an environment where there was, as he put it, nothing to do other than think all day long
.
But you can’t argue with success: the IAS has been home to one of the most enviable collections of the world’s finest minds: logician Kurt Gödel, cultural anthropologist Clifford Geertz, statesman George Kennan, art historian Erwin Panofsky, mathematical fireball John von Neumann, physicist and Manhattan Project leader Robert Oppenheimer, and, of course, Albert Einstein—to name just a few.
For me, however, nothing quite sums up the IAS like Freeman Dyson. He first came to the Institute for a two-year stint in 1948, and was eventually awarded a faculty position there in 1953 by then-Director Oppenheimer, after finally convincing him that Feynman’s approach to the new theory of quantum electrodynamics was fundamentally equivalent to that of two other contemporary mathematical physicists, Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. For their work, Feynman, Schwinger and Tomonaga got the 1965 Nobel Prize. Many thought Dyson should have as well.
But he didn’t seem to be terribly bothered by it. After all, by 1965 he had already moved on to doing seminal work on the theory of spin-waves before veering off in an entirely different direction: spending four years on Project Orion, investigating how to design spaceships propelled by nuclear weapons. In the meantime, he led the design team for a safer,