Dorothy Porter Wesley at Howard University: Building a Legacy of Black History

PREFACE

As we commemorate the 100th anniversary of Howard University’s Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, a biography of Dorothy Porter Wesley is in order. This is not only a biography but also a tribute that captures the memories of people who came in contact with Porter at various times and events in her life.

Because she had two husbands—James A. Porter and Charles H. Wesley—she is sometimes called Porter and sometimes Wesley. She and Wesley married late in life, so she will be called Porter throughout the text of this book.

Porter earned bachelor of science (BS) and master of science (MS) degrees in library science from the Columbia University School of Library Service in 1931 and 1932, respectively, and was the first African American woman to do so. The dates cited above are the ones given by Porter in her curriculum vitae (dated 1972) and in several interviews. However, according to Yale University student Julie Botnick, there is a discrepancy regarding the dates that Porter graduated from Columbia. Botnick writes, "There has been a perpetuated historical inaccuracy regarding the year she received her MLS [sic]. Every modern secondary source lists her as completing her bachelor’s degree in 1931 and her master’s degree in 1932. However, the program from her Columbia graduation ceremony shows she received her master’s on June 2, 1931."

And while most of Porter’s contemporaries have passed on, there is a cadre of people who were students, researchers and scholars whom she helped during and after her tenure at Howard University.

This is not the definitive biography on Porter, as that still needs to be written. Her collection was auctioned to Yale University by the Swann Auction Galleries via the William Reese Company in March 2012, with additional material coming in July and November 2012 after the death of her daughter, Constance Porter Uzelac. It is open to the pubic but as an unprocessed collection. Since the collection is unprocessed, it was difficult to go through. Materials seemed to be thrown in boxes, and although the boxes sometimes said materials inside dealt with a certain time period or subject, there were similar items in other boxes as well. That made it very hard to really get a sense of Porter’s life and accomplishments. There was even dental floss in one of the boxes.

Thus, I was only able to go through 18 of the 137 boxes of materials on her in the Yale University collection. I missed a lot of pertinent information by not being able to look at all the boxes in the collection.

The definitive biography should be written after the collection at Yale is processed along with the James Amos Porter Papers at Emory University and the Charles Harris Wesley papers housed with the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. All three collections, as well as other collections with materials on Porter, are vital to understanding the magnitude of her contributions.

One of the highlights of my Yale research trip was meeting Julie Botnick, a senior at Yale who was writing a paper on Porter. When Botnick asked for certain boxes, she was told that I had already checked them out. So she approached me, introduced herself and agreed to a short interview. She stated that her interest in libraries and archives was the motivating factor for her work on Porter. She planned to focus her paper on the time when Porter was a student at Columbia University, how her interest in library science shaped her life, Porter’s career at Howard University and her trip to Europe with James Porter in 1935.

I asked Botnick what she thought of Porter as a person. She said, I like her. There are so many events where she could have strayed from her path, but she stayed the course. It was wonderful indeed to see a young person with an interest in the life’s work of a woman who was so instrumental in helping to develop libraries and archives throughout the world. Botnick’s paper can be found on the Yale University website.

This book is a tribute to a woman on whose shoulders I still stand. Although she was retired from the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center before I came on board as a reference librarian and African American history specialist, I had the privilege of talking with Porter during her visits to the center, and I often visited her home.

On one occasion, I visited Porter’s home with Jean Blackwell Hutson, who served as a curator and then as chief of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Widely known for her cooking skills, Porter prepared a delicious meal for us. Sitting with two icons who headed large libraries documenting Africana materials was truly a treat. There were lots of memories shared and laughter enjoyed by those two women that day.

Porter’s support of others was invaluable, and some have spoken of her help in this volume. She was especially helpful to those doing research in women’s studies. I sought out Porter’s counsel when I began writing and publishing my own bibliographies on African Americans. She would often review my work and offer suggestions. Porter’s wisdom and tidbits of advice will always be remembered and cherished.

Esme Bhan, in an article titled Dorothy Louise Burnett Porter and published in Washington History (Spring–Summer 1996), noted that Bag Lady was the moniker given to Porter for going into basements and attics looking for material. Librarian-scholar was the nickname given to her by Howard University professor Arthur P. Davis for her research skills and publishing. Librarian Extraordinaire was what Librarian of Congress James H. Billington called her for her vital role in setting precepts for bibliophiles in the art of collecting African-Americana.

Dorothy Porter Wesley at Howard University: Building a Legacy of Black History is composed of seven chapters. Chapter 1, Dorothy Burnett Porter Wesley: The Early Years, 1905–25, details her life from birth up through 1925, when she graduated from Miner Normal School. Chapter 2, Howard University: The Early Years, 1867–1926, describes the founding of Howard University up to Porter’s enrollment as a student and work as a student assistant in the library. Chapter 3, Collecting and Organizing Africana Materials at Howard University, examines Porter as she came on full time in the library at Howard and continued her pursuit of a library degree. This chapter addresses the hard work and perseverance that went into building the Africana collections, planning for the Howard University Museum and acquiring the Arthur B. Spingarn Collection and other notable acquisitions. Chapter 4, A Meeting Place for Researchers at Howard University, explores her relationship with the many researchers, scholars, collectors and bibliophiles who came to the library for assistance. Chapter 5, Documenting the Africana Experience, looks at her research that added to the body of work in the field and also examines her work with organizations and institutions such as the African Studies Association, the American Antiquarian Society, the Association for the Study of African American Life and History and others. Chapter 6, Librarian/Curator Emerita, details her activities after her official retirement from Howard University. Chapter 7, The Dorothy Porter Wesley Collections, examines the Dorothy Porter Wesley Collection at the Broward County Library in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and the massive Dorothy Porter Wesley Papers in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. There are also two appendices: Awards and Accolades Received by Dorothy Porter Wesley and A Selected Bibliography of Publications by Dorothy Porter Wesley.

The Negro Collection, the Moorland Collection and the Moorland Foundation: A Library of Negro Life are used synonymously, but Porter preferred the name Moorland Foundation. In addition, Porter and other researchers often referred to the collection as the Moorland Room. In Dorothy Porter Wesley: A Bio-Bibliographic Profile, published in American Women in the Arts and Social Sciences: A Bibliographic Survey, Helen Britton writes that the name was changed to the Moorland-Spingarn Collection in 1958. In 1973, the Moorland-Spingarn Collection was reorganized as a separate administrative unit, and the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center was created. In this book, I call the collection the Moorland Foundation from 1930 to mid-1973, except in direct quotes. From June 1973 onward, I refer to the collection as the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center or MSRC.

This book is just a glimpse into the importance of Porter, a librarian par excellence who influenced the scholarly community not only in Washington, D.C, but throughout the world by collecting, organizing and preserving material by and about persons of African descent. Her life’s mission lives on in the librarians and archivists who continue to follow in her footsteps.

Chapter 1

DOROTHY BURNETT PORTER WESLEY: THE EARLY YEARS, 1905–25

EARLY LIFE

Dorothy Burnett Porter Wesley, daughter of physician Hayes Joseph Burnett Sr. and Bertha Ball Burnett, was born on May 25, 1905, in Warrenton, Virginia. She grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, in a middle-class Irish Catholic neighborhood. Not much is written about her parents and childhood, but two research papers—one written in 1972 and the other in 2014—reveal more of her early life. The 1972 paper, titled A Brief Study of Mrs. Dorothy Burnett Porter: From Birth to Completion of High School, 1905–1922, was written by Janice M. Muganda for Rayford Logan’s Negro in the Modern World class at Howard University. It details Porter’s childhood from recorded and unrecorded interviews conducted by Muganda on December 18 and 19, 1971, at Porter’s home in Washington, D.C. Muganda also interviewed Porter’s sister, Leonie B. Harper, on January 6, 1972. The second paper, ‘I Am Sure That You Know Yourself That It Is a Very Good Job’: The Early Life and Library of Dorothy Porter, was written by Julie Botnick for John Gaddis’s 2014 The Art of Biography class at Yale University. Botnick’s research is based on material found in Porter’s papers at Yale University. The Muganda paper is part of the Dorothy Porter Wesley Papers, housed in the Yale University Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library. Botnick’s paper can be found on the Yale University website. Much of the information about Porter’s parents and childhood is taken from these unpublished papers.

Porter was the eldest of four children. Her siblings were Hayes Joseph Jr., Leonie and Alice. Her father, born in 1877, was a 1904 graduate of the Howard University School of Medicine and was the first African American doctor to practice medicine in Montclair. He was also a founding member of the Montclair National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In a letter Gustee Burnett, Hayes Sr.’s brother, wrote to Porter on January 30, 1936, he noted that Hayes had several full and half brothers and sisters but that he did not have pictures of the family. Hayes was not involved with his family even though Gustee tried to communicate with him.

Porter’s mother was born as Roberta Ball in 1887 in Virginia. She was sent to Boston to get the education she could not get in Virginia. According to her unpublished memoir, a teacher changed her name to Bertha in the school records, and she was known as Bertha for the rest of her life. Although she was thought to be behind because she came from the South, Bertha worked hard and was promoted several grades in school. Bertha met Hayes Burnett in New York City. They were married within three months, with their first child arriving soon after. Bertha was a homemaker and tennis player who helped organize the New Jersey Tennis Association. In her memoir, Bertha further states that the marriage was cold and that she and her husband eventually stopped communicating with each other.

Because her father purchased books instead of frivolous items, Porter developed a