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Capitalize the first and last character of each word in a string

Last Updated : 07 Aug, 2022
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Given the string, the task is to capitalise the first and last character of each word in a string.
Examples: 
 

Input: Geeks for geeks
Output: GeekS FoR GeekS

Input: Geeksforgeeks is best
Output: GeeksforgeekS IS BesT


Approach 
 

  • Create a character array of the String
  • Run a loop from the first letter to the last letter.
  • Check if the character is the starting or end of the word
  • Check if the character is a small letter.
  • If yes, then Capitalise the character of the string.


Below is the implementation of the above approach. 
 

C++ 
// CPP program to capitalise the first
// and last character of each word in a string.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string FirstAndLast(string str)
{

    // Create an equivalent string
    // of the given string
    string ch = str;
    for (int i = 0; i < ch.length(); i++)
    {

        // k stores index of first character
        // and i is going to store index of last
        // character.
        int k = i;
        while (i < ch.length() && ch[i] != ' ')
            i++;

        // Check if the character is a small letter
        // If yes, then Capitalise
        ch[k] = (char)(ch[k] >= 'a' && ch[k] <= 'z'
                        ? ((int)ch[k] - 32)
                        : (int)ch[k]);
        ch[i - 1] = (char)(ch[i - 1] >= 'a' && ch[i - 1] <= 'z'
                            ? ((int)ch[i - 1] - 32)
                            : (int)ch[i - 1]);
    }

    return ch;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    string str = "Geeks for Geeks";
    cout << str << "\n";
    cout << FirstAndLast(str);
}

// This code is contributed by ihritik
Java 
// Java program to capitalise the first
// and last character of each word in a string.

class GFG {
    static String FirstAndLast(String str)
    {

        // Create an equivalent char array
        // of given string
        char[] ch = str.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < ch.length; i++) {

            // k stores index of first character
            // and i is going to store index of last
            // character.
            int k = i;
            while (i < ch.length && ch[i] != ' ')
                i++;

            // Check if the character is a small letter
            // If yes, then Capitalise
            ch[k] = (char)(ch[k] >= 'a' && ch[k] <= 'z'
                               ? ((int)ch[k] - 32)
                               : (int)ch[k]);
            ch[i - 1] = (char)(ch[i - 1] >= 'a' && ch[i - 1] <= 'z'
                                   ? ((int)ch[i - 1] - 32)
                                   : (int)ch[i - 1]);
        }

        return new String(ch);
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        String str = "Geeks for Geeks";
        System.out.println(str);
        System.out.println(FirstAndLast(str));
    }
}
Python3 
# Python3 program to capitalise the first 
# and last character of each word in a string. 
def FirstAndLast(string) : 
    
    # Create an equivalent char array 
    # of given string 
    ch = list(string); 
    
    i = 0 ;
    while i < len(ch):

        # k stores index of first character 
        # and i is going to store index of last 
        # character. 
        k = i; 
        
        while (i < len(ch) and ch[i] != ' ') :
            i += 1; 

        # Check if the character is a small letter 
        # If yes, then Capitalise 
        if (ord(ch[k]) >= 97 and 
            ord(ch[k]) <= 122 ):
            ch[k] = chr(ord(ch[k]) - 32);
        else :
            ch[k] = ch[k]
            
        if (ord(ch[i - 1]) >= 90 and 
            ord(ch[i - 1]) <= 122 ):
            ch[i - 1] = chr(ord(ch[i - 1]) - 32);
        else :
            ch[i - 1] = ch[i - 1]
            
        i += 1
        
    return "" . join(ch); 
    
# Driver code 
if __name__ == "__main__" :
    
    string = "Geeks for Geeks"; 
    
    print(string); 
    print(FirstAndLast(string)); 
    
# This code is contributed by Ryuga
C# 
// C# program to remove the first
// and last character of each word in a string.
using System;

class GFG 
{
    static String FirstAndLast(String str)
    {

        // Create an equivalent char array
        // of given string
        char[] ch = str.ToCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < ch.Length; i++)
        {

            // k stores index of first character
            // and i is going to store index of last
            // character.
            int k = i;
            while (i < ch.Length && ch[i] != ' ')
                i++;

            // Check if the character is a small letter
            // If yes, then Capitalise
            ch[k] = (char)(ch[k] >= 'a' && ch[k] <= 'z'
                            ? ((int)ch[k] - 32)
                            : (int)ch[k]);
            ch[i - 1] = (char)(ch[i - 1] >= 'a' && ch[i - 1] <= 'z'
                                ? ((int)ch[i - 1] - 32)
                                : (int)ch[i - 1]);
        }

        return new String(ch);
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main(String []args)
    {
        String str = "Geeks for Geeks";
        Console.WriteLine(str);
        Console.WriteLine(FirstAndLast(str));
    }
}

/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */
PHP 
<?php
// PHP program to capitalise the first
// and last character of each word in a string.

function FirstAndLast($str)
{

    // Create an equivalent string
    // of the given string
    $ch = $str;
    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ch); $i++)
    {

        // $k stores index of first character
        // and $i is going to store index of last
        // character.
        $k = $i;
        while ($i < strlen($ch) && $ch[$i] != ' ')
            $i++;

        // Check if the character is a small letter
        // If yes, then Capitalise
        $ch[$k] = chr(($ch[$k] >= 'a' && $ch[$k] <= 'z') 
                    ? (ord($ch[$k]) - 32) : (ord($ch[$k])));
        $ch[$i - 1] = chr(($ch[$i - 1] >= 'a' && $ch[$i - 1] <= 'z' )
                    ? (ord($ch[$i - 1]) - 32) : (ord($ch[$i - 1])));
    }

    return $ch;
}

// Driver code

$str = "Geeks for Geeks";
echo $str, "\n";
echo FirstAndLast($str);

// This code is contributed by ihritik

?>
JavaScript 
<script>

// JavaScript program to capitalise the first
// and last character of each word in a string.

function FirstAndLast(str)
{

    // Create an equivalent string
    // of the given string
    var ch = str.split('');
    for (var i = 0; i < ch.length; i++)
    {

        // k stores index of first character
        // and i is going to store index of last
        // character.
        var k = i;
        while (i < ch.length && ch[i] != ' ')
            i++;

        // Check if the character is a small letter
        // If yes, then Capitalise
        ch[k] = String.fromCharCode(ch[k] >= 'a' && 
        ch[k] <= 'z' ? (ch[k].charCodeAt(0) - 32)
                     : ch[k].charCodeAt(0));
        ch[i - 1] = String.fromCharCode(ch[i - 1] >= 'a' 
        && ch[i - 1] <= 'z'? (ch[i - 1].charCodeAt(0) - 32)
                            : ch[i - 1].charCodeAt(0));
    }

    return ch.join('');
}

// Driver code

var str = "Geeks for Geeks";
document.write( str + "<br>");
document.write( FirstAndLast(str));


</script>

Output: 
Geeks for Geeks
GeekS FoR GeekS

 

Time Complexity: O(N) where N is the length of the original string

Auxiliary Space: O(N) where N is the length of the original string


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Capitalize the First Letter of a String in Java

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