Sum of bitwise AND of all possible subsets of given set

Given an array, we need to calculate the Sum of Bit-wise AND of all possible subsets of the given array.

Examples:  

Input : 1 2 3
Output : 9
For [1, 2, 3], all possible subsets are {1}, 
{2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}
Bitwise AND of these subsets are, 1 + 2 + 
3 + 0 + 1 + 2 + 0 = 9.
So, the answer would be 9.

Input : 1 2 3 4
Output : 13

Refer to this Post for Count Set Bit 

Naive Approach, we can produce all subsets using Power Set then calculate Bit-wise AND sum of all subsets.

In a Better approach, we are trying to calculate which array element is responsible for producing the sum into a subset. 

Let's start with the least significant bit. To remove the contribution from other bits, we calculate number AND bit for all numbers in the set. Any subset of this that contains a 0 will not give any contribution. All nonempty subsets that only consist of 1’s will give 1 in contribution. In total there will be 2^n - 1 such subset each giving 1 in contribution. The same goes for the other bit. We get [0, 2, 2], 3 subset each giving 2. Total 3*1 + 3*2 = 9 

Array = {1, 2, 3}
Binary representation
positions       2 1 0    
        1       0 0 1
        2       0 1 0
        3       0 1 1
              [ 0 2 2 ]
Count set bit for each position
[ 0 3 3 ] subset produced by each 
position 2^n -1 i.e. n is total sum 
for each position [ 0, 3*2^1, 3*2^0 ] 
Now calculate the sum by multiplying 
the position value i.e 2^0, 2^1 ... . 
 0 + 6 + 3 = 9

Implementation:

// C++ program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define BITS 32

int andSum(int arr[], int n)
{
    int ans = 0;

    // assuming representation of each element is
    // in 32 bit
    for (int i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
        int countSetBits = 0;

        // iterating array element
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {

            // Counting the set bit of array in
            // ith position
            if (arr[j] & (1 << i))
                countSetBits++;
        }

        // counting subset which produce sum when
        // particular bit position is set.
        int subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;

        // multiplying every position subset with 2^i
        // to count the sum.
        subset = (subset * (1 << i));

        ans += subset;
    }

    return ans;
}

// Drivers code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3};
    int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << andSum(arr, size);

    return 0;
}

// Java program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array
class GFG {
    
    static final int BITS = 32;
    
    static int andSum(int arr[], int n)
    {
        int ans = 0;
    
        // assuming representation of each
        // element is in 32 bit
        for (int i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
            int countSetBits = 0;
    
            // iterating array element
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
    
                // Counting the set bit of
                // array in ith position
                if ((arr[j] & (1 << i)) != 0)
                    countSetBits++;
            }
    
            // counting subset which produce
            // sum when particular bit 
            // position is set.
            int subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;
    
            // multiplying every position 
            // subset with 2^i to count the
            // sum.
            subset = (subset * (1 << i));
    
            ans += subset;
        }
    
        return ans;
    }
    
    // Drivers code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3};
        int size = 3;
        System.out.println (andSum(arr, size));
    
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu.

# Python3 program to calculate sum of
# Bit-wise and sum of all subsets of
# an array

BITS = 32;

def andSum(arr, n):
    ans = 0
    
    # assuming representation 
    # of each element is
    # in 32 bit
    for i in range(0, BITS):
        countSetBits = 0

        # iterating array element
        for j in range(0, n) :
            
            # Counting the set bit 
            # of array in ith
            # position
            if (arr[j] & (1 << i)) :
                countSetBits = (countSetBits
                                       + 1)

        # counting subset which 
        # produce sum when 
        # particular bit position
        # is set.
        subset = ((1 << countSetBits) 
                                 - 1)

        # multiplying every position 
        # subset with 2^i to count 
        # the sum.
        subset = (subset * (1 << i))

        ans = ans + subset

    return ans

# Driver code
arr = [1, 2, 3]
size = len(arr)
print (andSum(arr, size))
    
# This code is contributed by 
# Manish Shaw (manishshaw1)

// C# program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array
using System;

class GFG {
    
static int BITS = 32;

    static int andSum(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        int ans = 0;
    
        // assuming representation of each
        // element is in 32 bit
        for (int i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
            int countSetBits = 0;
    
            // iterating array element
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
    
                // Counting the set bit of
                // array in ith position
                if ((arr[j] & (1 << i)) != 0)
                    countSetBits++;
            }
    
            // counting subset which produce
            // sum when particular bit position
            // is set.
            int subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;
    
            // multiplying every position subset
            // with 2^i to count the sum.
            subset = (subset * (1 << i));
    
            ans += subset;
        }
    
        return ans;
    }
    
    // Drivers code
    static public void Main()
    {
        int []arr = { 1, 2, 3};
        int size = 3;
        Console.WriteLine (andSum(arr, size));
    
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu.

<?php
// PHP program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array

$BITS = 32;

function andSum( $arr, $n)
{
    global $BITS;
    $ans = 0;

    // assuming representation 
    // of each element is
    // in 32 bit
    for($i = 0; $i < $BITS; $i++)
    {
        $countSetBits = 0;

        // iterating array element
        for ( $j = 0; $j < $n; $j++) {

            // Counting the set bit 
            // of array in ith position
            if ($arr[$j] & (1 << $i))
                $countSetBits++;
        }

        // counting subset which 
        // produce sum when 
        // particular bit position
        // is set.
        $subset = (1 << $countSetBits) - 1;

        // multiplying every position 
        // subset with 2^i to count 
        // the sum.
        $subset = ($subset * (1 << $i));

        $ans += $subset;
    }

    return $ans;
}

    // Driver code
    $arr = array(1, 2, 3);
    $size = count($arr);
    echo andSum($arr, $size);
    
// This code is contributed by anuj_67.
?>

<script>
// javascript program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array    
var BITS = 32;

    function andSum(arr , n) {
        var ans = 0;

        // assuming representation of each
        // element is in 32 bit
        for (i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
            var countSetBits = 0;

            // iterating array element
            for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

                // Counting the set bit of
                // array in ith position
                if ((arr[j] & (1 << i)) != 0)
                    countSetBits++;
            }

            // counting subset which produce
            // sum when particular bit
            // position is set.
            var subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;

            // multiplying every position
            // subset with 2^i to count the
            // sum.
            subset = (subset * (1 << i));

            ans += subset;
        }

        return ans;
    }

    // Drivers code
    
        var arr = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
        var size = 3;
        document.write(andSum(arr, size));

// This code contributed by gauravrajput1 
</script>

9

Complexity Analysis:

• Time Complexity: O(N)
• Auxiliary Space: O(1)