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By: Ahmad Yazdankhah CS 147 Fall 2008 Prof: Dr. Sin-Min Lee

This document discusses the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and its role in a central processing unit (CPU). It begins by assuming the reader's familiarity with number representation, arithmetic operations, registers in a CPU, and floating point concepts. It then describes the typical components of a CPU, including registers, a control unit, and the ALU. The ALU is defined as a digital circuit that performs both arithmetic and logical operations, as proposed by John von Neumann. A typical schematic symbol of an ALU is shown, including its inputs, outputs, and control signal. The document ends by providing some useful links for online courses and simulations related to ALUs and CPU design.

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Raj Kumar
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67 views

By: Ahmad Yazdankhah CS 147 Fall 2008 Prof: Dr. Sin-Min Lee

This document discusses the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and its role in a central processing unit (CPU). It begins by assuming the reader's familiarity with number representation, arithmetic operations, registers in a CPU, and floating point concepts. It then describes the typical components of a CPU, including registers, a control unit, and the ALU. The ALU is defined as a digital circuit that performs both arithmetic and logical operations, as proposed by John von Neumann. A typical schematic symbol of an ALU is shown, including its inputs, outputs, and control signal. The document ends by providing some useful links for online courses and simulations related to ALUs and CPU design.

Uploaded by

Raj Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By: Ahmad Yazdankhah CS 147 Fall 2008 Prof: Dr.

Sin-Min Lee

Assumptions Review: Bus Concept Review: CPU Building Block The Simplest Computer Building Blocks Whats ALU? Typical Schematic Symbol of an ALU Lets Build a 1-Bit ALU Useful Links References

You are familiar with: 1. Number representations (1s complement, 2s comp.) 2. Arithmetic operations (Add, Sub, . . .) 3. Floating Point concept 4. Registers in CPU (Accumulator, Program Counter, Instruction Register, )

Registers (IR, PC, ACC) Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Instruction Register (IR)

Program Counter (PC)

1
Control Unit (CU) ALU 2 3 4 5
Status Register (FLAG) Accumulator (ACC)

CPU

RAM

1.

2.

3.

ALU stands for: Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU is a digital circuit that performs Arithmetic (Add, Sub, . . .) and Logical (AND, OR, NOT) operations. John Von Neumann proposed the ALU in 1945 when he was working on EDVAC.

Typical Schematic Symbol of an ALU


A and B: the inputs to the ALU (aka operands) R: Output or Result F: Code or Instruction from the Control Unit (aka as op-code) D: Output status; it indicates cases such as: carry-in carry-out, overflow, division-by-zero And . . .

This is an one-bit ALU which can do Logical AND and Logical OR operation. Result = a AND b when operation = 0 Result = a OR b when operation = 1 The operation line is the input of a MUX.

Adding a full adder to our ALU

By paralleling the one-bit ALUs and some other modification on the logical circuits, we can create bigger ALUs.

Virginia Tech online courses:

http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~csonline/index.html

Virginia Tech online Circuit Simulator

http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~csonline/MachineArchitect ure/Lessons/Circuits/simcir_frame.html

Virginia Tech Microprocessor Simulation:

http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~csonline/MachineArchitect ure/Lessons/CPU/sumprogram.html

Text book: Computer System Architecture Site Wikipedia:

(By: Rob Williams, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2006)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_logic_unit

Previous Student Lectures:


(By: Anna Kurek, Spring 2008)

Professors Lecture Notes. Virginia Tech online courses:

http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~csonline/index.html

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