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Bioscience: Protein Structure Function BS20001 Section 2

This document discusses protein structure and function. It defines proteins as polymers made up of 20 different amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It explains the central dogma of life involving DNA, RNA, and protein. It also describes the structure of amino acids like cysteine and histidine. It discusses how proteins are polypeptide chains formed through successful peptide bonds between amino acids, and the phi and psi rotation angles that determine protein structure. Finally, it notes the unique structural role of glycine residues in proteins.

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79 views

Bioscience: Protein Structure Function BS20001 Section 2

This document discusses protein structure and function. It defines proteins as polymers made up of 20 different amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It explains the central dogma of life involving DNA, RNA, and protein. It also describes the structure of amino acids like cysteine and histidine. It discusses how proteins are polypeptide chains formed through successful peptide bonds between amino acids, and the phi and psi rotation angles that determine protein structure. Finally, it notes the unique structural role of glycine residues in proteins.

Uploaded by

himanshu_agra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bioscience: Protein Structure Function BS20001 Section 2

Books Followed: Biochemistry (Lubert Stryer) Introduction to protein structure (Carl Branden & John Tooze)

Central Dogma of life


Storage Medium

DNA
transcription

CCTGAGCCAACTATTGATGAA

mRNA

Transmission Medium

CCUGAGCCAACUAUUGAUGAA
Text composed of 3-letter words (with 4 unique letters) gets mapped into a seq of 20 unique letters

translation

Protein

PEPTIDE

What is a Protein
Proteins are polymers built up from 20 different amino-acids linked end to end by peptide bonds
CGVPAIQPVLSGLXXIVNGEEAVPGSWPWQVSLQDKTGFHFCGGSLINENWVVTAAHCGV TTSDVVVAGEFDQGSSSEKIQKLKIAKVFKNSKYNSLTINNDITLLKLSTAASFSQTVSA VCLPSASDDFAAGTTCVTTGWGLTRYXXANTPDRLQQASLPLLSNTNCKKYWGTKIKDAM ICAGASGVSSCMGDSGGPLVCKKNGAWTLVGIVSWGSSTCSTSTPGVYARVTALVNWVQQ TLAAN*

More directly linked to function Better conserved than sequence

All amino acids in protein have the L-form

Structure of Cys ( C )

His can bind or release protons near physiological pH

Proteins are polypeptide chains


Successful polypeptide bonds: main chain or backbone

The peptide bond

(----ALA-HIS-GLY-ILE-LEU-PHE-TYR-LYSGLY---)n

Peptide units are building blocks of protein structures

The only degrees of freedom: N-C bond: phi () C -C bond: psi () rotation angle

Ramachandran Plot

G. N. Ramachandran

Glycine residues can adopt many different conformations

Properties of Gly
Glycine with only a H-atom as side chain can adopt a much wider range of conformations than the other residues It thus plays a structurally important role; it allows unusual main chain conformations proteins This is the main reasons why a high proportion of Glycine residues are conserved among homologous protein sequences

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