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Air Composition

Dry air is a mechanical mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with trace amounts of other components like carbon dioxide and water vapor. The composition of air remains constant up to an elevation of around 10,000 meters, where the average air temperature decreases by 0.6°C for every 100 meter increase in elevation. Common pressure units used to measure air pressure include centimeters of mercury and pounds per square inch.

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154 views

Air Composition

Dry air is a mechanical mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with trace amounts of other components like carbon dioxide and water vapor. The composition of air remains constant up to an elevation of around 10,000 meters, where the average air temperature decreases by 0.6°C for every 100 meter increase in elevation. Common pressure units used to measure air pressure include centimeters of mercury and pounds per square inch.

Uploaded by

Harsh Vardhan Sharma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Air Composition

Dry air is a mechanical mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and more
Sponsored Links Air is a mixture of gases - 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen - with traces of water vapor, carbon dioxide, argon, and various other components. Air is usually modeled as a uniform (no variation or fluctuation) gas with properties averaged from the individual components. Ratio compared to Dry Molecular Boiling Point Air (%) Mass Chemical Gas -MSymbol By volume By weight (K) (oC) (kg/kmol) Oxygen 20.95 23.20 32.00 O2 90.2 -182.95 Nitrogen 78.09 75.47 28.02 N2 77.4 -195.79 Carbon 0.03 0.046 44.01 CO2 194.7 -78.5 Dioxide Hydrogen 0.00005 ~0 2.02 H2 20.3 -252.87 Argon 0.933 1.28 39.94 Ar 84.2 -186 Neon 0.0018 0.0012 20.18 Ne 27.2 -246 Helium 0.0005 0.00007 4.00 He 4.2 -269 Krypton 0.0001 0.0003 83.8 Kr 119.8 -153.4 Xenon 9 10-6 0.00004 131.29 Xe 165.1 -108.1

The water or vapor content in air varies. The maximum moisture carrying capacity of air depends primarily on temperature The composition of air is unchanged until elevation of approximately 10.000 m The average air temperature diminishes at the rate of 0.6oC for each 100 m vertical height "One Standard Atmosphere" is defined as the pressure equivalent to that exerted by a 760 mm column of mercury at 0oC sea level and at standard gravity (32.174 ft/sec2)

Other components in air


Sulfur dioxide - SO2 - 1.0 parts/million (ppm) Methane - CH4 - 2.0 parts/million (ppm) Nitrous oxide - N2O - 0.5 parts/million (ppm) Ozone - O3 - 0 to 0.07 parts/million (ppm) Nitrogen dioxide - NO2 - 0.02 parts/million (ppm)

Iodine - I2 - 0.01 parts/million (ppm) Carbon monoxide - CO - 0 to trace (ppm) Ammonia - NH3 - 0 to trace (ppm)

Common Pressure Units frequently used as alternative to "one Atmosphere"


76 Centimeters (760 mm) of Mercury 29.921 Inches of Mercury 10.332 Meters of Water 406.78 Inches of Water 33.899 Feet of Water 14.696 Pound-Force per Square Inch 2116.2 Pounds-Force per Square Foot 1.033 Kilograms-Force per Square Centimeter 101.33 Kilopascal

oxyzen : density : 1.429 g /lt nitrogen : 1.251 g /lt.

Density is based on atmospheric pressure 14.696 psia and molecular weight of air 28.97
1)

density - 1 lb/ft3 = 16.018 kg/m3 pressure - 1 psi (lb/in2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) temperature - T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]

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