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Class Notes: Prejudice: Causes and Cures

This document summarizes key concepts related to prejudice and intergroup behavior, including: 1) It defines intergroup behavior as how people act towards other groups based on group identity, such as race, gender, religion, etc. 2) It discusses in-group bias or ethnocentrism where people view their own group as superior to out-groups. 3) It reviews how prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination manifest and how they have changed over time in the U.S. to become more subtle and modern forms of racism.

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Vijay Singh
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103 views

Class Notes: Prejudice: Causes and Cures

This document summarizes key concepts related to prejudice and intergroup behavior, including: 1) It defines intergroup behavior as how people act towards other groups based on group identity, such as race, gender, religion, etc. 2) It discusses in-group bias or ethnocentrism where people view their own group as superior to out-groups. 3) It reviews how prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination manifest and how they have changed over time in the U.S. to become more subtle and modern forms of racism.

Uploaded by

Vijay Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class Notes

Ch. 13 Prejudice: Causes and Cures

INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR
IS A WORLD-WIDE PROBLEM

INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR

BEHAVIOR TOWARD ANOTHER PERSON OR GROUP BASED ON THEIR GROUP IDENTIFICATION GROUP INCLUDES MANY TYPES OF THINGS THAT CAN BE USED TO CATEGORIZE PEOPLE RACE, SEX, NATIONALITY, SOCIAL CLASS, PROFESSION, AGE, SEXUAL IDENTITY, RELIGION, ETC.

IN-GROUP VS OUT-GROUP

IN-GROUP THE GROUP TO WHICH ONE BELONGS OUT-GROUP A GROUP TO WHICH THE PERSON DOES NOT BELONG

ETHNOCENTRISM (IN-GROUP / OUT-GROUP BIAS)

ONES OWN GROUP IS THE CENTER OF EVERYTHING; STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE; DIFFERENT = BAD EXAMPLES ( BALLET VS TRIBAL DANCE, CUSTOMS) IN-GROUP IS BETTER OR MORALLY SUPERIOR THAN OUT-GROUP, AT LEAST IN MORE IMPORTANT WAYS OUT-GROUP IS LESS VARIABLE (OLD & YOUNG SUBJECTS & TARGETS)

CONCEPTS

STEREOTYPE: BELIEFS ABOUT AN IDENTIFIABLE GROUP (LAZY, IMMORAL, UNTRUSTWORTHY) PREJUDICE: AN OVERCATEGORIZED OR UNJUSTIFIED NEGATIVE ATTITUDE ABOUT A MEMBER OF AN OUT-GROUP DISCRIMINATION: UNFAIR TREATMENT BASED ON OUT-GROUP MEMBERSHIP

Prejudice: Automatic & Controlled Processes


Stimulus Prejudiced Response

Stereotype

No

Inhibit Negative Beliefs? Yes


Non-prejudiced Response

CHANGES IN PREJUDICE
% GIVING NONPRDJUDICED ANSWER
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1942 1963 1972 1980 1987 1997 SCHOOLS DINNER MARRIAGE LAW INTERRACIAL DATING

Prejudice & Housing: Willingness to Move Into Neighborhood


100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 white 1-2 black few black half black all black

% willing to move in

White Respondent Black Respondent

Neighborhood Composition

PREJUDICE

LESS WIDESPREAD IN U.S. LESS ACCEPTABLE, PERHAPS MORE SUBTLE (BELIEF DISSIMILARITY) AFFECTS INFORMATION PROCESSING

Old Fashioned Vs. Modern Racism/ Sexism

Old-Fashioned
Negative Feelings toward Outgroup Feelings of Superiority Openly Express Dislike

Modern (Symbolic, Aversive)


Belief that Prejudice & Discrimination is Wrong Dont View Self as Prejud. Ambivalence-lack of pos. feelings; egalitarian belief Oppose Policies to Help Outgroup; (Lack self-reliance, individualism, hard work, obedience)

Modern Racism
Murder Trial
Black or White killer

High Prejudiced
Death Penalty More Likely for Black

Low Prejudiced-(Modern Racism)


Death Penalty Less Likely for Black But if Black Juror Recommended Death, Death Penalty More Likely for Black

Prejudice Shows up When it Can Be Defended, and Denied That it is Racially Motivated

Modern Racism
Modern Racism Scale
Discrimination is no longer a problem Blacks get unfair special treatment from govt. It is easy to understand the anger of Blacks

Reaction Time
Positive or Negative Words Paired w/ race; asked to indicate whether they fit For most persons, choices didnt reflect prejudice Slower response to positive words (clean, smart) when paired with Whites

PREJUDICE & INFO.. PROCESSING

Ethnic Defendant judged more guilty


6

Ethnic Defendant NOT judged more guilty

JUDGED GUILT

5 4 3 2 1 0 NAME FIRST NAME LAST ETHNIC NON-ETHNIC

RACISM, SEXISM, ETC.


INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL (OLDEST CITY IN U.S., WHITES BROUGHT CIVILIZATION) INSTITUTIONAL INEQUALITY, CYCLE OF POVERTY AFFIRMATIVE ACTION VS REVERSE DISCRIMINATION

Distribution of Income & Race (2001 data)


25

20

Percent

15 White Black 10

0 <15 15-25 25-40 40-55 56-65 55-100 >100

Family Income

REDUCTION OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION


PARENTING, MODELING CONTACT (EQUAL STATUS, NORMS, COOPERATIVE, ACQUAINTANCE POT) COOPERATIVE (SUPERORDINATE) GOALS (JIGSAW CLASSROOMS) ELIMINATE INEQUALITY

INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR

LOOK AT ALL THE EXAMPLES OF INTERGROUP CONFLICT AROUND THE WORLD WE MUST LEARN TO GET ALONG AND, IF NOT APPRECIATE THE DIFFERENCES, TO TOLERATE THEM AND TREAT EACH OTHER WITH RESPECT WE HAVE NO OTHER CHOICE

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