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Ex 2.1-2.2 Log

This document discusses exponential and logarithmic functions. It begins with examples of converting exponential expressions to logarithmic form and vice versa. It then covers properties of logarithms, including the law of logarithms. There are examples of applying the laws of logarithms to simplify expressions. The document concludes with exercises involving evaluating logarithmic expressions, finding the value of variables in logarithmic equations, and expressing logarithmic expressions in terms of log variables.

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365 views

Ex 2.1-2.2 Log

This document discusses exponential and logarithmic functions. It begins with examples of converting exponential expressions to logarithmic form and vice versa. It then covers properties of logarithms, including the law of logarithms. There are examples of applying the laws of logarithms to simplify expressions. The document concludes with exercises involving evaluating logarithmic expressions, finding the value of variables in logarithmic equations, and expressing logarithmic expressions in terms of log variables.

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api-25887606
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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TOPIC 2: EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

2.1 : Relationship Between Exponential And Logarithmic Functions

Example 1
Convert the following to logarithm form:
1
a) 23 = 8 (b) 3-2 = (c) 2x = 47
9

Example 2
Convert the following to exponential form/ index form:
a) log2 32 =5 (b) log3 27 = 3 (c) log2 y = x

Example 3
Find the value of each of the following:
(a) log 2 64 (b) log 3 1 (c) log 7 7 (d) log4 16-1
(e) log3  1  (f) log 8 0.25
 81 

The important property is y  ax a  0 , a 1


x  log a y , y  0, a  0, a  1
log a 1  0,
log a a  1,
log a a b  b,
log a  a  undefined / no solution

2.2: Properties of Logarithms

Law of logarithms.
There are four basic laws of logarithms.

(1) log a mn  log a m  log a n For two logarithms of the same base,
m loga M = loga N
(2) log a  log a m  log a n
n
Then, M = N
(3) log a m n  n log a m
log c b
(4)log a b 
log c a

Example 4
Simplify the following, expressing each as a single logarithm:
(a) log 2 4 + log 2 5 – log210
(b) 2log a 5 – 3 log a 2
(c) log 8 4 + log 2 16

Example 5
If log 2 = r and log 3 = s, express in terms of r and s
(a) log 16
(b) log 18
(c) log 13.5
Exercise 2.1: Logarithmic and Exponential functions

1. Write each of the following in the form y = bx.


(a) log28 = 3
(b) log381 = 4
(c) log50.04 = -2
(d) log7x = 4
(e) logx5 = t
(f) logpq = r

2. Write each of the following in the form x = logby.


(a) 23 = 8
(b) 36 = 729
(c) 4-3 = 641
(d) a8 = 20
(e) h9 = g
(f) mn = p

3. Evaluate the following:


(a) log216
(b) log416
(c) log7 1
49
(d) log41
(e) log55
(f) log27 1
3
(g) log168
(h) log3 2 2
(i) log 2 8 2

4. Find the value of y in each of the following.


(a) logy 49 = 2
(b) log4 y = -3
(c) log3 81 = y
(d) log10 y = -1
(e) log2 y = 2.5
(f) logy 1296 = 4
(g) log 1 y  8
2

(h) log 1 1024  y


2
(i) logy 27 = -6

Page 34, Exercise 3A: Question 6, 7, 8, 9 (a) – (e)


Exercise 2.2: Law of logarithms

1. Write each of the following in terms of log p, log q and log r. The logarithms have
base 10.
(a) log pqr
(b) log pq2r3
(c) log 100pr5
p
(d) log
q 2r
pq
(e) log 2
r
1
(f) log
pqr
p
(g) log
r
qr 7 p
(h) log
10
10 p 10 r
(i) log
q

2. Express as a single logarithm, simplifying where possible. (All the logarithms


have base 10, so, for example, an answer of log 100 simplifies to 2.)
(a) 2log 5 + log 4
(b) 2log 2 + log 150 – log 6000
(c) 3log 5 + 5 log3
(d) 2log 4 – 4log 2
(e) log 24  12 log 9  log 125
(f) 3log 2 + 3log 5 – log 106
(g) 12 log 16  13 log 8
(h) log 64 – 2log 4 + 5log 2 – log 27

3. If log 3 = p, log 5 = q, log 10 = r, express the following in terms of p, q and r. (All


the logarithms have the same unspecified base.)
(a) log 2
(b) log 45
(c) log 90
(d) log 0.2
(e) log 750
(f) log 60
(g) log 16
(h) log 4.05
(i) log0.15

Page 36, Exercise 3B: 1, 2, 3

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