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WCDMA Power Control and Relevant Parameters N-0
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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Power Control and
Relevant Parameters
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WCDMA Power Control and Relevant Parameters N-1
Page1 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the purpose and function of power control
Explain open loop power control and parameters
Explain inner loop power control and relevant parameters
Explain outer loop power control and relevant parameters
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Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. Open Loop Power Control
3. Closed Loop Power Control
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Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. Open Loop Power Control
3. Closed Loop Power Control
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Purpose of Uplink Power Control
Uplink Transmission Character
Self-interference system
Uplink capacity is limited by interference level
Near-far effect
Fading
Uplink Power Control Function
Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity
Solve the near-far effect
Save UE transmission power
CDMA system have the embedded characteristics of self-interference, for uplink one
users transmission power become interference to others.
The more connected users, the higher interference. Generally the capacity is limited by
interference level.
WCDMA suffer from Near-far effect, which means if all UE use the same transmission
power, the one close to the NodeB may block the entire cell.
Uplink power control can guarantee the service quality and minimize the required
transmission power. It will resolve the near-far effect and resist fading of signal
propagation. By lowering the uplink interference level, the system capacity will be
increased.
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Purpose of Downlink Power Control
Downlink Transmission Character
Interference among different subscribers
Interference from other adjacent cells
Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power
Fading
Downlink Power Control Function
Ensure downlink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity
Save NodeB transmission power
The downlink has different characteristics from the uplink, for downlink interference is
caused by multi-path, part of one users power also become interference to others.
Downlink power from adjacent cells also is one part of interference to the own cell.
Transmission power of NodeB is shared by all users channels, so downlink capacity
usually is considered to be limited by transmission power.
Downlink power control also can guarantee the service quality and minimize the
required transmission power, so the capacity is maximized in case that interference is
lowered.
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Effect of Power Control
Time (ms)
0 200 400 600 800
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

p
o
w
e
r

(
d
B
)
Channel Fading
Transmitting power
Receiving power
Because of channel fading in mobile communication system, the radio signal is
deteriorated and fluctuated, the fast power control become one key technology to resist
this phenomenon.
In this figure, the channel fading is compensated by the transmitting power, which is
adjusted by the fast power control, so the receiving power is almost constant and the
radio propagation condition is improved.
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Power Control Classification
Open Loop Power Control
Uplink / Downlink Open Loop Power Control
Closed Loop Power Control
Uplink / Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
Uplink / Downlink Outer Loop Power Control
In WCDMA system, power control includes open loop and closed loop power control.
Open loop power control is used to determine the initial transmission power, and the
closed loop power control adjusts the transmission power dynamically and
continuously during the connection.
For uplink, the UEs transmission power is adjusted; and for downlink, the NodeBs
transmission power is adjusted.
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Power Control For Physical Channels
Power control methods are adopted for these physical channels:
" can be applied, " not applied
SCH
PICH
AICH
PRACH
SCCPCH
PCCPCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
Outer Loop
Power Control
Inner Loop
Power Control
No Power
Control
Closed Loop Power Control
Open Loop
Power
Control
Physical
Channel
Open loop power control is used in two cases:
1. to decide the initial transmission power of PRACH preamble.
2. to decide the initial transmission power of DPCCH / DPDCH.
Closed loop power control is only applied on DPCCH and DPDCH
For other common channels, power control is not applied, they will use fixed
transmission power:
The PCPICH power is defined by the PCPICH TRANSMIT POWER parameter
as an absolute value in dBm.
All other common channels power is defined in relation with the PCPICH
TRANSMIT POWER parameter, and measured in dB.
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Common Physical Channel Power Parameters
MAXTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max transmit power of cell
The recommended value is 430, namely 43dBm
PCPICHPOWER
Parameter name: PCPICH transmit power
The recommended value is 330, namely 33dBm
MAXTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max transmit power of cell
Value Range: 0 to 500
Physical Value Range: 0dBm to 50 dBm, step 0.1dB
The recommended value is 430, namely 43dBm
Content: The sum of the maximum transmit power of all DL channels in a cell.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSETUP, query it through LST CELL and modify it
through MOD CELL
PCPICHPOWER
Parameter name: PCPICH transmit power
Value Range: -100 to 500
Physical Value Range: -10dBm to 50 dBm, step 0.1dB
The recommended value is 330, namely 33dBm
Content: This parameter should be set based on the actual environment and the
downlink coverage should be guaranteed firstly. If PCPICH transmit power is configured
too great, the cell capacity will be decreased, for power resources is occupied by
common channel and the interference to traffic channels is also increased.
Set this parameter through ADD PCPICH, query it through LST PCPICH and modify it
through MOD CELL
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Common Physical Channel Power Parameters
PSCHPOWER or SSCHPOWER
Parameter name: PSCH / SCCH transmit power
The recommended value is -50, namely -5dB
BCHPOWER
Parameter name: BCH transmit power
The recommended value is -20, namely -2dB
PSCHPOWER or SSCHPOWER
Parameter name: PSCH / SCCH transmit power
Value range: -350 to 150.
Physical value range: -35 to 15, step 0.1dB
The recommended value is -50, namely -5dB
Content: The offset between the PSCH / SSCH transmit power and PCPICH transmit
power.
For PSCH Power, set it through ADD PSCH, and query it through LST PSCH; for SSCH
Power, set it through ADD SSCH, and query it through LST SSCH. And modify it through
MOD CELL
BCHPOWER
Parameter name: BCH transmit power
Value Range-350 to 150
Physical Value Range-35 to 15 dB, step 0.1dB
The recommended value is -20, namely -2dB
Content: The offset between the BCH transmit power and PCPICH transmit power.
Set this parameter through ADD BCH, query it through LST BCH, and modify it through
MOD CELL
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Common Physical Channel Power Parameters
MAXFACHPOWER
Parameter name: Max transmit power of FACH
The recommended value is 10, namely 1dB
PCHPOWER
Parameter name: PCH transmit power
The recommended value is -20, namely -2dB
MAXFACHPOWER
Parameter name: Max transmit power of FACH
Value range : -350 to 150
Physical Value Range-35 to 15 dB, step 0.1dB
The recommended value is 10, namely 1dB
Content: The offset between the FACH transmit power and PCPICH transmit
power.
Set this parameter through ADD FACH, query it through LST FACH, and modify
it through MOD SCCPCH
PCHPOWER
Parameter name: PCH transmit power
Value Range-350 to 150
Physical Value Range-35 to 15 dB, step 0.1dB
The recommended value is -20, namely -2dB
Content: The offset between the PCH transmit power and PCPICH transmit
power.
Set this parameter through ADD PCH, query it through LST PCH, and modify it
through MOD SCCPCH
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Common Physical Channel Power Parameters
AICHPOWEROFFSET
Parameter name: AICH power offset
The default value of this parameter is -6, namely -6dB
PICHPOWEROFFSET
Parameter name: PICH power offset
The default value of this parameter is -7, namely -7dB
AICHPOWEROFFSET
Parameter name: AICH power offset
Value Range-22 to 5
Physical Value Range-22 to 5 dB, step 1dB
The default value of this parameter is -6, namely -6dB
Content: The offset between the AICH transmit power and PCPICH transmit
power.
Set this parameter through ADD CHPWROFFSET, query it through LST
CHPWROFFSET, and modify it through MOD AICHPWROFFSET
PICHPOWEROFFSET
Parameter name: PICH power offset
Value Range-10 to 5
Physical Value Range-10 to 5 dB , step 1dB
The default value of this parameter is -7, namely -7dB
Content: The offset between the PICH transmit power and PCPICH transmit
power.
Set this parameter through ADD CHPWROFFSET, query it through LST
CHPWROFFSET, and modify it through MOD PICHPWROFFSET
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Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. Open Loop Power Control
3. Closed Loop Power Control
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Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview
2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control
2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
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Open Loop Power Control Overview
Purpose
Calculate the initial transmission power of uplink / downlink channels
Principle
Estimates the downlink signal power loss on propagation path
Path loss of the uplink channel is related to the downlink channel
Application
Open loop power control is applied only at the beginning of connection
setup to set the initial power value.
In downlink open loop power control, the initial transmission power is calculated
according to the downlink path loss between NodeB and UE.
In uplink, since the uplink and downlink frequencies of WCDMA are in the same
frequency band, a significant correlation exists between the average path loss of the
two links. This make it possible for each UE to calculate the initial transmission power
required in the uplink based on the downlink path loss.
However, there is 90MHz frequency interval between uplink and downlink frequencies,
the fading between the uplink and downlink is uncorrelated, so the open loop power
control is not absolutely accurate.
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Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview
2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control
2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
5. Downlink Synchronization
UE Node B
Serving
RNC
DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
RRC RRC
NBAP NBAP
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP
2. Radio Link Setup Request
RRC RRC
7. CCCH: RRC Connection Set up
Start RX
description
Start TX
description
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
RRC RRC
9. DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete
6. Uplink Synchronization
NBAP NBAP
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Open loop power
control of PRACH
1. CCCH: RRC Connection Request
In access procedure, the first signaling RRC CONNECTION REQUEST is
transmitted in message part on PRACH.
Before PRACH message part transmission, UE will transmit PRACH preamble, and
the transmission power of first preamble is calculated by this PRACH open loop power
control.
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Initial Power Calculation for the First Preamble
When UE needs to set up a RRC connection, the initial power
of uplink PRACH can be calculated according to the following
formula:
Power Tx Initial g Calculatin For Value Constant + ce Interferen UL +
CPICH_RSCP - Power Transmit PCPICH = er nitial_Pow Preamble_I
In this formula, where
PCPICH TRANSMIT POWER defines the PCPICH transmit power in a cell. It is
broadcast in SIB5.
CPICH_RSCP means received signal code power, the received power
measured on the PCPICH. The measurement is performed by the UE.
UL interference is the UL RTWP measured by the NodeB. It is broadcast in SIB7.
CONSTANT VALUE compensates for the RACH processing gain. It is broadcast
in SIB5.
The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power control. UE operation
steps are as follows:
1. Read Primary CPICH DL TX power, UL interference and Constant value
from system information.
2. Measure the value of CPICH_RSCP;
3. Calculate the Preamble_Initial_Power of PRACH.
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control Parameters
CONSTANTVALUE
Parameter name: Constant value for calculating initial TX
power
The recommended value is -20, namely -20dB
CONSTANTVALUE
Parameter name: Constant value for calculating initial TX power
Value range : -35 ~ -10
Physical Value Range-35 to -10 dB
Content: It is used to calculate the transmit power of the first preamble in the
random access process.
Recommended value: -20
Set this parameter through ADD PRACHBASIC, query it through LST PRACH,
and modify it through MOD PRACHUUPARAS
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Timing relationship of PRACH and AICH
AICH
PRACH
1 access slot

p-a

p-m

p-p
Pre-
amble
Pre-
amble
Message
part
Acq.
Ind.
After UE transmit the first Preamble on PRACH, it will wait for the corresponding AI
(Acquisition Indicator) on the AICH. The timing relationship of PRACH and AICH is
shown in above figure.
There will be 3 parameters used to define the timing relationship:

p-p
: time interval between two PRACH preambles.
p-p
is not a fixed value, it is
decided by selecting access slot of PRACH preambles,
Here
p-p
has one restriction, it must be longer than a minimum value
p-p min
,
namely
p-p

p-p min
.

p-a
: time interval between PRACH preamble and AICH Acquisition Indicator. If
UE sends the PRACH preamble, it will detect the responding AI after
p-a
time.

p-m
: time interval between PRACH preamble and PRACH message part. If UE
sends the PRACH preamble and receives positive AI from the AICH, it will send
the message part after
p-m
time.
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control Parameters
AICHTXTIMING
Parameter name: AICH transmission timing
Content:
When AICHTXTIMING = 0,

p-p,min
= 15360 chips,
p-a
= 7680 chips,
p-m
= 15360 chips
When AICHTXTIMING = 1,

p-p,min
= 20480 chips,
p-a
= 12800 chips,
p-m
= 20480 chips
The recommended value is 1
Parameter AICHTXTIMING is used to define the set of
p-p min
,
p-a
,
p-m
.
AICHTXTIMING
Parameter name: AICH transmission timing
Value range0,1
Content:
When AICHTXTIMING = 0,

p-p,min
= 15360 chips,
p-a
= 7680 chips,
p-m
= 15360 chips
When AICHTXTIMING = 1,

p-p,min
= 20480 chips,
p-a
= 12800 chips,
p-m
= 20480 chips
Recommended value: 1
Set this parameter through ADD AICH, query it through LST AICH, and modify it
needs de-activated the cell through DEA CELL. After the old configuration of
AICH is deleted through RMV AICH , a new AICH can be established through
ADD AICH
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Power Ramping for Preamble Retransmission
Power Ramp Step
Power Offset P
p-m
Preamble_Initial
_Power
Message
part
Pre-
amble Pre-
amble

Pre-
amble Pre-
amble
1 3
N 2
After UE transmit the first Preamble,
If no positive or negative AI on AICH is received after
p-a
time,
UE shall increase the preamble power by POWER RAMP STEP, and
retransmit the preamble.
This ramping process stops until the number of transmitted preambles has
reached the MAX PREAMBLE RETRANSMISSION within an access cycle,
or when the maximum number of access cycles has reached MAX
PREAMBLE LOOP.
If a negative AI on AICH is received by the UE after
p-a
time,
which indicates rejection of the preamble, the UE shall wait for a certain
Back-off Delay and re-initiate a new random access process.
When a positive AI on AICH is received by UE after
p-a
time,
it will transmit the random access message after the uplink access slot of
the last preamble.
The transmit power of the random access message control part should be
POWER OFFSET higher than the power of the last transmitted preamble.
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control Parameters
POWERRAMPSTEP
Parameter name: Power increase step
The recommended value is 2, namely 2dB
PREAMBLERETRANSMAX
Parameter name: Max preamble retransmission
The Recommended value is 20
POWERRAMPSTEP
Parameter name: Power increase step
Value range : 1 to 8
Physical Value Range: 1 to 8 dB
Content: The power increase step of the random access preambles transmitted
before the UE receives the acquisition indicator in the random access process.
Recommended value: 2
Set this parameter through ADD PRACHBASIC, query it through LST PRACH,
and modify it through MOD PRACHUUPARAS
PREAMBLERETRANSMAX
Parameter name: Max preamble retransmission
Value range : 1 to 64
Content: The maximum number of preambles transmitted in a preamble ramping
cycle.
Recommended value: 20
Set this parameter through ADD PRACHBASIC, query it through LST PRACH,
and modify it through MOD PRACHUUPARAS
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control Parameters
MMAX
Parameter name: Max preamble loop
The recommended value is 8
NB01MIN / NB01MAX
Parameter name: Random back-off lower / upper limit
The recommended value: 0 for both NB01MIN / NB01MAX
MMAX
Parameter name: Max preamble loop
Value range: 1 to 32
Content: The maximum number of random access preamble loops.
Recommended value: 8
Set this parameter through ADD RACH, query it through LST RACH, and modify
it first de-activated the cell through DEA CELL, then MOD RACH.
NB01MIN / NB01MAX
Parameter name: Random back-off lower / upper limit
Value range: 0 to 50
Content: The power offset between the last access preamble and the message
control part. The power of the message control part can be obtained by adding
the offset to the access preamble power.
The recommended value: 0 for both NB01MIN / NB01MAX
Set this parameter through ADD RACH, query it through LST RACH, and modify
it first de-activated the cell through DEA CELL, then MOD RACH.
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PRACH Open Loop Power Control Parameters
POWEROFFSETPPM
Parameter name: Power offset
The default value:
-3dB for signalling transmission;
-2dB for service transmission.
POWEROFFSETPPM
Parameter name: Power offset
Value range: -5 to 10dB
Content: The power offset between the last access preamble and the message
control part. The power of the message control part can be obtained by adding
the offset to the access preamble power.
The recommended value of this parameter is -3dB for signalling transmission ,
and that -2dB for service transmission
Set this parameter through ADD PRACHTFC, query it through LST PRACH, and
modify it de-activated the cell through DEA CELL . After the old configuration of
PRACH is deleted through RMV PRACHTFC , a new parameters can be
established through ADD PRACHTFC
The PRACH message also consists of control part and data part, here the POWER
OFFSET is the difference between the PRACH preamble and the message control part.
The PRACH message uses GAIN FACTOR to set the power of control / data part:
GAIN FACTOR BETAC (
c
) is the gain factor for the control part.
GAIN FACTOR BETAD (
d
) is the gain factor for the data part.
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Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview
2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control
2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
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DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control
5. Downlink Synchronization
UE Node B
Serving
RNC
DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
RRC RRC
NBAP NBAP
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP
2. Radio Link Setup Request
RRC RRC
7. CCCH: RRC Connection Set up
Start RX
description
Start TX
description
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
RRC RRC
9. DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete
6. Uplink Synchronization
NBAP NBAP
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
1. CCCH: RRC Connection Request
DL DPDCH Open
Loop Power Control
According to the RRC connection establishment procedure, after RNC received the
RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, and NodeB set up the radio link for UE,
then Iub interface resources is established between NodeB and RNC.
When DCH-FP of Iub interface finished downlink and uplink synchronization, the
downlink DPCH starts to transmit, and DPDCH initial transmission power is calculated
through open loop power control.
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DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control
When a dedicated channel is set up, the initial power of
downlink DPDCH can be calculated according to the
following formula:
|
|

\
|
=
Total
CPICH
CPICH
DL Initial
P
) No / Ec (
P
)
No
Eb
(
W
R
P
In this formula, where
R is the requested data bitrate by the user
W is the chip rate
(Eb/No)
DL
is the Eb/No target to ensure the service quality. RNC searches for
the (Eb/No)
DL
dynamically in a set of pre-defined values according to specific cell
environment type, coding type, bitrate, BLER target and etc.
(Ec/Io)
CPICH
is the CPICH signal quality measured by UE, then it is sent to RNC
through RACH.
is the orthogonality factor in the downlink. In Huawei implementation, is set
to 0.
P
total
is the total carrier transmit power measured at the NodeB
The initial transmission power of downlink DPDCH could be calculated through this
formula, then, initial transmission power of downlink DPCCH can be obtained
according to the power offset: PO1, PO2 and PO3.
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DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control
Data1 TPC TFCI Data2 Pilot
Downlink
Transmit
Power
DPCCH DPDCH DPDCH DPCCH
PO2
PO1
PO3
1 timeslot
This figure shows the power offset of downlink DPCH :
PO1 is the power offset of DPCCH TFCI bits to DPDCH data bits.
PO2 is the power offset of DPCCH TPC bits to DPDCH data bits.
PO3 is the power offset of DPCCH Pilot bits to DPDCH data bits.
The values of PO1, PO2 and PO3 are configured on RNC.
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DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control Parameter
TFCIPO
Parameter name: TFCI power offset
The recommended value is 0, namely 0dB
TPCPO
Parameter name: TPC power offset
The recommended value is 12, namely 3dB
TFCIPO
Parameter name: TFCI power offset
Value range : 0 to 24
Physical value range: 0 to 6 dB, step: 0.25
Content: The offset of TFCI bit transmit power from data bit transmit power in
each time slot of radio frames on DL DPCH
Recommended value: 0
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it
through SET FRC
TPCPO
Parameter name: TPC power offset
Value range : 0 to 24
Physical value range: 0 to 6 dB, step: 0.25
Content: The offset of TPC bit transmit power from data bit transmit power in
each time slot of radio frames on DL DPCH
Recommended value: 12
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it
through SET FRC
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DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control Parameter
PILOTPO
Parameter name: Pilot power offset
The recommended value is 12, namely 3dB
PILOTPO
Parameter name: Pilot power offset
Value range : 0 to 24
Physical value range: 0 to 6 dB, step: 0.25
Content: The offset of pilot bit transmit power from data bit transmit power in
each time slot of radio frames on DL DPCH
The recommended value is 12, namely 3dB
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it
through SET FRC
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Downlink Power Control Restriction
The power of downlink dedicated channel is limited by an
upper and lower limit for each radio link.
The DL DPDCH power could not exceed Maximum_DL_Power,
nor could it be below Minimum_DL_Power.
RLMAXDLPWR / RLMINDLPWR
Parameter name: RL Max / Min DL TX power
The recommended value is shown in the following table.
Note: Both downlink open loop and close loop power control will be limited by this parameter.
RLMAXDLPWR
Parameter name: RL Max DL TX power
Value range : -350 to 150
Physical Value Range-35 to 15 dB, step 0.1dB
Content: The maximum downlink transmit power of radio link. This parameter should
fulfill the coverage requirement of the network planning, and the value is relative to
[PCPICH transmit power]
Set this parameter through ADD CELLRLPWR , query it through LST CELLRLPWR, and
modify it through MOD CELLRLPWR
RLMINDLPWR
Parameter name: RL Min DL TX power
Value range : -350 to 150
Physical Value Range-35 to 15 dB, step 0.1dB
Content: The minimum downlink transmit power of radio link. This parameter should
consider the maximum downlink transmit power and the dynamic range of power control,
and the value is relative to [PCPICH transmit power].
Since the dynamic range of power control is set as 15dB, this parameter is
recommended as [RL Max DL TX power] 15 dB.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLRLPWR, query it through LST CELLRLPWR, and
modify it through MOD CELLRLPWR
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Page33 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Downlink Power Restriction Parameters
Referential configurations for typical services:
8 -11 4 384 kbps
8 -13 2 256 kbps
16 -15 0 144 kbps
32 -17 -2 64 kbps
64 -19 -4 32 kbps
128 -23 -8 8 kbps
PS Domain
32 -15 0 64 kbps
32 -15 0 56 kbps
64 -17 -2 32 kbps
64 -17 -2 28 kbps
128 -18 -3 12.2 kbps AMR
CS Domain
Downlink SF
RL Min Downlink
Transmit Power
RL Max Downlink
Transmit Power
Service
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Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview
2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control
2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
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WCDMA Power Control and Relevant Parameters N-35
Page35 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control
5. Downlink Synchronization
UE Node B
Serving
RNC
DCH - FP
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
RRC RRC
NBAP NBAP
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP
2. Radio Link Setup Request
RRC RRC
7. CCCH: RRC Connection Set up
Start RX
description
Start TX
description
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
RRC RRC
9. DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete
6. Uplink Synchronization
NBAP NBAP
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
1. CCCH: RRC Connection Request
Open Loop Power
Control of UL DPCCH
According to the RRC connection establishment procedure, after RNC sent the RRC
CONNECTION SETUP message, UE will try to synchronize with NodeB, and the
uplink DPCCH starts to transmit, here DPCCH initial transmission power is calculated
through open loop power control
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WCDMA Power Control and Relevant Parameters N-36
Page36 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control
The initial power of the uplink DPCCH can be calculated
according to the following formula:
Where
CPICH_RSCP means the received signal code power, the received
power measured on the CPICH.
DPCCH_Power_Offset is provided by RNC to the UE via RRC
signaling.
RSCP _ CPICH Offset _ Power _ DPCCH Power _ Initial _ DPCCH =
For Huawei, DPCCH_Power_Offset is calculated with the following formula:
Where
PCPICH Transmit Power defines the PCPICH transmit power in a cell.
UL Interference is the UL RTWP measured by the NodeB.
Default Constant Value reflects the target Ec/No of the uplink DPCCH
preamble.
Value t tan Cons Default
ce Interferen UL Power Transmit PCPICH Offset _ Power _ DPCCH
+
+ =
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UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control Parameter
DEFAULTCONSTANTVALUE
Parameter name: Constant value configured by default
The recommended value is -27, namely -27dB.
DEFAULTCONSTANTVALUE
Parameter name: Constant value configured by default
Value range : -35 to -10 , unit :dB
Content: This parameter is used to obtain DPCCH_Power_Offset, which is used
by UE to calculate the initial transmit power of UL DPCCH during the open loop
power control process.
Recommended value: -27
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it
through SET FRC
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Uplink Power Control Restriction
During the operation of uplink power control, the UE
transmit power shall not exceed the Maximum Allowed
Uplink Transmit Power.
MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWERFOR(SERVICE)
Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power
The recommended value is 24, namely 24 dBm.
MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWERFOR(CONV, STR, INT, BAC)
Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power
Value range: -50 to 33
Physical value range: -50 to 33 dBm. Step: 1
Content: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in the cell, which
is related to the network planning.
Recommended value: 24
Set this parameter through ADD CELLCAC, query it through LST CELLCAC,
and modify it through MOD CELLCAC
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Page39 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. Open Loop Power Control
3. Closed Loop Power Control
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Page40 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview
3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
3.4 Outer Loop Power Control
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Page41 Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Closed Loop Power Control Overview
Why closed loop power control is needed?
Open loop power control is not accurate enough, it can only
estimate the initial transmission power.
Closed loop power control can guarantee the QoS with
minimum power. By decreasing the interference, the system
capacity will be increased.
Inner Loop Outer Loop
SIR
tar
SIR
mea
>SIR
tar
TPC=0
SIR
mea
<SIR
tar
TPC=1
Until
SIR
mea
=SIR
tar
TPC
BLER
tar
BLER
mea
>BLER
tar
SIR
tar
BLER
mea
<BLER
tar
SIR
tar
Until
BLER
mea
=BLER
tar
TPC=0 Power
TPC=1 Power
Inner Loop Power Control
The receiver compares SIRmea (measured SIR) with SIRtar (target SIR), and decide the TPC to
send.
If SIRmea is greater than SIRtar, the TPC is set as 0 to increase transmission power
If SIRmea is less than SIRtar, the TPC is set as 1 to decrease transmission power
TPC is sent to the transmitter in DPCCH, the transmitter will adjust the power according to the
value of received TPC.
Through inner loop power control, the SIRmea can be ensured to approach SIRtar.
Outer Loop Power Control
The receiver compares BLERmea (measured BLER) with BLERtar (target BLER), and decide how
to set the SIRtar.
If BLERmea is greater than BLERtar, the SIRtar is increased
If BLERmea is less than BLERtar, the SIRtar is decreased
The adjusted SIRtar is sent for the inner loop power control, then it will be used in previous
process to guide the transmitter power adjustment.
Through outer loop power control, the BLERmea can be ensured to approach BLERtar.
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Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview
3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
3.4 Outer Loop Power Control
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Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
NodeB compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR, then derives
TPC and sends the TPC Decision to UE.
TPC Decision
( 0, 1 )
Generate TPC_cmd
( -1, 0, 1 )
Adjust DPCCH Tx
DPCCH = TPC TPC_cmd
Single RL / Soft HO
PCA1 / PCA2
Adjust DPDCH Tx
(
c
,
d
)
NodeB UE
Transmit TPC
Inner Loop
Set SIRtar
Compare SIRmea with SIRtar
SIRmea > >> > SIRtar TPC = 0
SIRmea SIRtar TPC = 1
RNC sends SIR
tar
(target SIR) to NodeB and then NodeB compares SIR
mea
(measured
SIR) with SIR
tar
once every timeslot.
If the estimated SIR is greater than the target SIR, NodeB sends TPC 0 to UE
on downlink DPCCH TPC field.
Otherwise, NodeB sends TPC 1 to UE.
After reception of one or more TPC in a slot, UE shall derive a single TPC_cmd (TPC
command, with value among -1,0,1):
For UE is in soft handover state, more than one TPC is received in a slot, so
firstly multiple TPC_cmd is combined.
Two algorithms could be used by the UE for deriving the TPC_cmd, those are
PCA1 and PCA2 (PCA means Power Control Algorithm).
When deriving the combined TPC_cmd, UE shall adjust the transmit power of uplink
DPCCH with a step UL Closed Loop Power Control Step Size, as following:
DPCCH =TPCTPC_cmd
This adjustment is executed on the DPCCH, then associated DPDCH transmit power
is calculated according to DPDCH / DPCCH power ratio
d
/
c
.
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Uplink Inner Loop PCA1 with Single Radio Link
For single radio link and PCA1, UE derives one TPC_cmd in each
time slot as follows:
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0


TPC_cmd
TPC
-1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1
This control is performed in each time slot, so
the power control frequency is 1500Hz
When UE has single radio link, only one TPC will be received in each slot. In this case,
the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA1 as follows:
If the received TPC is equal to 0, then TPC_cmd for that slot is 1.
If the received TPC is equal to 1, then TPC_cmd for that slot is 1.
According to DPCCH channel structure, there are 15 time slots in a 10ms radio frame,
and the control is performed once in each time slot, so the frequency of uplink inner
loop PCA1 is 1500Hz.
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Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 with Single Radio Link
For single radio link and PCA2, UE derives one TPC_cmd in each
5-slot group as follows:
This control is performed in each 5-slot group,
so the power control frequency is 300Hz
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
TS14 TS13 TS12 TS11 TS10 TS9 TS8 TS7 TS6 TS5 TS4 TS3 TS2 TS1 TS0
10ms radio frame
Group 2 Group 1 Group 3

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0
TPC
TPC_cmd

When UE has single radio link, only one TPC will be received in each slot. In this case,
the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA2 as follows:
For the first 4 slots of a set, TPC_cmd = 0.
For the fifth slot of a set, UE make the decisions on as follows:
If all 5 TPC within a group are 1, then TPC_cmd = 1 in the 5th slot.
If all 5 TPC within a group are 0, then TPC_cmd = -1 in the 5th slot.
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot.
According to DPCCH channel structure, there are 15 time slots in a 10ms radio frame,
and the control is performed once in each 5-slot group, so the frequency of uplink inner
loop PCA2 is 500Hz.
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Uplink Inner Loop with Soft Handover
When UE enters soft handover state, on the NodeB side,
there are two phases :
Uplink synchronization phase
Multi-radio link phase
On UE side, UE will receive different TPCs from different
RLS in one time slot. Therefore, the UE should combine all
the TPCs to get a unique TPC_CMD.
On the NodeB side, there are two phases during the soft handover state:
Uplink synchronization phase
The NodeB should send durative TPC = 1 to the newly-added RL before
successful synchronization.
Multi-radio link phase
Each NodeB and each cell will estimate the SIR individually and the general
TPC individually. Therefore, the UE may receive different TPC from different
RLS.
Especially, when UE is in softer handover state, it means UE has radio links to the
same NodeB, in this case, these RLs (Radio Link) belong to the same RLS (Radio Link
Set), and the all TPCs are the same from each RL.
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Uplink Inner Loop PCA1 with Soft Handover
For each slot, combine TPC from
the same RLS, then get W
i
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL1-1 RL1-2
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3 Get TPC_cmd based on
TPC_cmd = (W
1
, W
2
, W
N
)
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

RLS1-TPC (W
1
)

RLS2-TPC (W
2
)
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

TPC_cmd
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
-1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1
RLS3-TPC (W
3
)
When UE is in soft handover state, multiple TPC will be received in each slot from
different cells in the active set. UE will generate the TPC_cmd by PCA1 as follows:
1. Combine the TPC from the same RLS and derive the Wi
When the RLs (Radio Link) are in the same RLS (Radio Link Set), they will
transmit the same TPC in a slot. In this case, the TPCs from the same RLS shall
be combined into one.
After combination, UE will obtain a soft symbol decision Wi for each RLSi.
2. Combine the TPC from different RLSs and derive the TPC_cmd
UE derives TPC_cmd, it is based on a function and all the N soft symbol
decisions Wi:
TPC_cmd = (W
1
, W
2
, W
N
),
Where TPC_cmd can only take the values 1 or -1.
In Huawei implementation, the function shall fulfil the following criteria:
If the TPCs from all RLSs are 1, the output of shall be equal to 1 ;
If one TPC from any RLS is 0, the output of shall be equal to -1.
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Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 with Soft Handover
Combine TPC from same RLS
in each time slot
Calculate TPC_cmd
If any TPC_tempi = -1, TPC_cmd = -1
If , TPC_cmd = 1
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0
Calculate TPC_temp
i
for each RLS
i
5 . 0 _
1
1
>

=
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
CELL1 CELL2
CELL4 CELL3
RL1-1 RL1-2
RLS1
RLS2 RLS3
When UE is in soft handover state, multiple TPC will be received in each slot from
different cells in the active set. UE will generate the TPC_cmd by PCA2 as follows:
1. Combine the TPC from the same RLS.
When the RLs are in the same RLS, they will transmit the same TPC in a slot. In
this case, the TPCs from the same RLS shall be combined into one.
2. Calculate the TPC_temp
i
for each RLS
UE derives TPC_temp
i
through the same way in the last slide, as follows:
For the first 4 slots of a group, TPC_temp
i
= 0.
For the 5th slot of a group:
If all 5 TPCs within a group are 1, then TPC_temp
i
= 1 in the 5th slot.
If all 5 TPCs within a group are 0, then TPC_temp
i
= -1 in the 5th slot.
Otherwise, TPC_temp
i
= 0 in the 5th slot.
3. Calculate the TPC_cmd
UE derives TPC_cmd through the following criteria:
If any TPC_temp
i
is equal to -1, TPC_cmd is set to -1.
If , TPC_cmd = 1
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0
5 . 0 temp _ TPC
N
1
N
1 i
i
>

=
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Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 with Soft Handover
RLS3
RLS2
RLS1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
TS14 TS13 TS12 TS11 TS10 TS9 TS8 TS7 TS6 TS5 TS4 TS3 TS2 TS1 TS0

10ms/frame
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
RLS3
RLS2
RLS1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
TS14 TS13 TS12 TS11 TS10 TS9 TS8 TS7 TS6 TS5 TS4 TS3 TS2 TS1 TS0

TPC
TPC_temp
i
0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
TS14 TS13 TS12 TS11 TS10 TS9 TS8 TS7 TS6 TS5 TS4 TS3 TS2 TS1 TS0

TPC_cmd
The example of the uplink inner loop PCA2 in soft handover state.
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Uplink Inner Loop Power Control Parameters
PWRCTRLALG
Parameter name: Power control algorithm selection
The recommended value is ALGORITHM1
ULTPCSTEPSIZE
Parameter name: UL closed loop power control step size
The recommended value is 1, namely 1dB
PWRCTRLALG
Parameter name: Power control algorithm selection
Value range: ALGORITHM1, ALGORITHM2
Content: This parameter is used to inform the UE of the method for translating
the received TPC commands.
Recommended value: ALGORITHM1
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it
through SET FRC
ULTPCSTEPSIZE
Parameter name: UL closed loop power control step size
Value range :1dB, 2dB
Content: The step size of the closed loop power control performed on UL
DPDCH. This parameter is mandatory when the parameter Power control
algorithm selection is set as "ALGORITHM1".
Recommended value: 1
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it
through SET FRC
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Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview
3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
3.4 Outer Loop Power Control
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
UE L1 compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR, then derives
TPC and sends the TPC Decision to NodeB.
Derive TPC
est
(k)
( 0, 1 )
Generate P
TPC
(k)
Calculate P(k)
Adjust DPCH Tx Power
DPC_MODE
NodeB
L3 Set SIRtar
Derive and transmit
TPC based on
DPC_MODE
Inner Loop
UE
L1 compare
SIRmea with
SIRtar
Basically the downlink inner loop power control process is similar with uplink, UE L3
sends SIR
tar
to UE L1 and then UE L1 compares SIR
mea
with SIR
tar
:
If the SIR
mea
is greater than the SIR
tar
, UE sends TPC 0 to NodeB on uplink
DPCCH TPC field.
Otherwise, UE sends TPC 1 to NodeB.
The UE shall check the downlink power control mode before generating the TPC, two
algorithm DPC_MODE1 and DPC_MODE2 could be used by UE to derive the TPC.
Upon receiving the TPC, NodeB shall estimate the transmitted TPC and adjust its
downlink DPCCH/DPDCH power accordingly.
After reception of one or more TPC in a slot, NodeB shall derive the estimated TPC
TPC
est
(k) and calculate a P
TPC
(k), the power adjustment of k:th slot.
Then NodeB shall adjust the current downlink power P(k-1) to a new power P(k), and
adjust the power of the DPCCH and DPDCH with the same amount, since power
difference between them is fixed.
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control Mode
Two DPC_MODE (Downlink Power Control Mode) could be
used:
If DPC_MODE = 0, UE sends a unique TPC in each slot,
UTRAN shall derive TPC
est
to be 0 or 1, and update the power
every slot;
If DPC_MODE = 1, UE repeats the same TPC over 3 slots,
UTRAN shall derive TPC
est
over three slots to be 0 or 1, and
update the power every three slots.
The DPC_MODE parameter is a UE specific parameter and controlled by the UTRAN.
The UE shall check the DPC_MODE (Downlink Power Control Mode) before
generating the TPC, and upon receiving the TPC, the UTRAN shall adjust its downlink
power accordingly.
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control Parameters
DPCMODE
Parameter name: Downlink power control mode
The recommended value is SINGLE_TPC, namely
DPC_MODE = 0
DPCMODE
Parameter name: Downlink power control mode
Value range: SINGLE_TPC (DPC_MODE=0), TPC_TRIPLET_IN_SOFT
(DPC_MODE=1), TPC_AUTO_ADJUST
Content:
SIGNLE_TPC, a fast power control mode, indicates that a unique TPC
command is sent in each time slot on DPCCH.
TPC_TRIPLET_IN_SOFT, a slow power control mode, indicates that the same
TPC is sent in three time slots, it is applicable to soft handover and it can
decrease the power deviation.
TPC_AUTO_ADJUST, an automatically adjusted mode, indicates that the value
of DPC_MODE can be modified by sending the message ACTIVE SET
UPDATE to UE.
Recommended value: SINGLE_TPC
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it
through SET FRC
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
After estimating the TPC, the UTRAN shall set the downlink power
to P(k) for k:th slot according to the following formula:
Where
P(k-1) is downlink transmission power in (k-1):th slot
P
TPC
(k) is the adjustment of downlink power in k:th slot
P
bal
(k) is correction value according to the downlink power balance
procedure. For a single radio link, P
bal
(k) equals 0.
) k ( P ) k ( P ) 1 k ( P ) k ( P
bal TPC
+ + =
If DOWNLINK_POWER_BALANCE_SWITCH is OFF, then P
bal
(k) equals 0.
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
P
TPC
(k) is calculated according to the following:
If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is Not
Used , then:
Where
TPC
est
(k) is uplink received TPC of the k:th slot

TPC
is downlink power adjustment step size

=
= +
=
0 ) k ( TPC if
1 ) k ( TPC if
) k ( P
est TPC
est TPC
TPC

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is
Used , then:
Where

=
=
1 k
Size _ Window _ Average _ Power _ DL k i
TPC sum
) i ( P ) k (

=
+ =
< + = +
=
0 ) k ( TPC if
Limit _ Raise _ Power ) k ( and 1 ) k ( TPC if 0
Limit _ Raise _ Power ) k ( and 1 ) k ( TPC if
) k ( P
est TPC
TPC sum est
TPC sum est TPC
TPC

Where,
Power_Raise_Limit : the restriction value of power increasing within a period
DL_Power_Average_Window_Size : the period of DL transmit power increasing.
From the definition above,
sum
(k) indicates the sum of downlink power adjustment in
the latest DL_Power_Average_Window_Size time slots.
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control Parameters
INNER_LOOP_DL_LMTED_PWR_INC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PCSWITCH (Power control algorithm
switch) parameter.
The default value is 0, namely OFF.
POWERRAISELIMIT
Parameter name: Power increase limit
The recommended value is 10dB
INNER_LOOP_DL_LMTED_PWR_INC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control algorithm switch) parameter.
Value range1 (ON) , 0 (OFF)
Content: When it is checked, limited power increase algorithm is applied in the
inner loop power control. limited power increase algorithm means that when the
DL transmit power is increased, there is a limit for the step, that is, each increase
is limited.
Recommended value (default value): 0
Set this parameter through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH, query it through LST
CORRMALGOSWITCH, and modify it through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH
POWERRAISELIMIT
Parameter name: Power increase limit
Value range: 0 to 10 dB
Content: The increase of DL transmit power within
DL_Power_Average_Window_Size cannot exceed this parameter value.
Recommended value: 10
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSETUP, query it through LST CELL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSETUP
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control Parameters
DLPOWERAVERAGEWINDOWSIZE
Parameter name: DL power average window size
The recommended value is 20 time slots
FDDTPCDLSTEPSIZE
Parameter name: FDD DL power control step size
The recommended value is STEPSIZE_1DB, namely 1dB
DLPOWERAVERAGEWINDOWSIZE
Parameter name: DL power average window size
Value range: 1 to 60 time slots
Content: UTRAN calculates the increase of DL transmit power within the period defined
via this parameter to determine whether the increase exceeds Power Raise Limit. If so,
UTRAN will not increase the power even when it receives the command to raise the
power
Recommended value: 20
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSETUP, query it through LST CELL ,and modify it
through MOD CELLSETUP
FDDTPCDLSTEPSIZE
Parameter name: FDD DL power control step size
Value range: STEPSIZE_0.5DB, STEPSIZE_1DB, STEPSIZE_1.5DB, STEPSIZE_2DB
Physical value range: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 dB
Content: The step size of the closed loop power control performed on DL DPCH in
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode.
Recommended value: STEPSIZE_1DB
Set this parameter through SET FRC, query it through LST FRC, and modify it through
SET FRC
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Downlink Power Balance
Purpose
The purpose of this procedure is to
balance the DL transmission powers of
more than one Radio Links.
The start and stop of DPB
The power offset of two RLs is greater
than the DPB start threshold, the DPB
process is started
The power offset of two RLs is less
than the DPB stop threshold, the DPB
process is stopped
NodeB
NodeB
Monitor the
Tx power of
NodeBs and
start the DPB
process
DPB process
During soft handover, the UL TPC is demodulated in each RLS, then due to
demodulation errors, the DL transmit power of the each branch in soft handover will
drift separately, which causes loss to the macro-diversity gain.
The DL Power Balance (DPB) algorithm is introduced to reduce the power drift
between links during the soft handover.
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Downlink Power Balance Parameters
DOWNLINK_POWER_BALANCE_SWITCH
This is one switch in PCSWITCH (Power control algorithm switch)
parameter.
The default value is 0, namely OFF.
DPBSTARTTHD / DPBSTOPTHD
Parameter name: DPB start threshold / DPB stop threshold
The recommended value:
DPB start threshold 8, namely 4dB;
DPB stop threshold 4, namely 2dB.
DOWNLINK_POWER_BALANCE_SWITCH
This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control algorithm switch) parameter.
Value range1 (ON) , 0 (OFF)
Content: When it is checked, Downlink Power Balance (DPB) algorithm is applied to RNC.
Downlink power drift among different RLs, which is caused by TPC bit error or other
reasons, could reduce the gain of soft handover. DPB is mainly used to balance the
downlink power of different RLs for an UE in order to achieve the best gain of soft
handover.
Recommended value (default value): 0
Set this parameter through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH, query it through LST
CORRMALGOSWITCH, and modify it through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH
DPBSTARTTHD / DPBSTOPTHD
Parameter name: DPB start threshold / DPB stop threshold
Value range: 0~255
Physical value range: 0~127.5dB; step: 0.5
Content: The threshold of start / stop DL power balancing in soft handover. When the
difference of the power values of every two paths is greater / smaller than or equal to this
threshold in soft handover, the RNC shall start / stop DL power balancing; otherwise,
shall not.
The recommended value is DPB start threshold 8, namely 4dB; DPB stop threshold 4,
namely 2dB;
Set this parameter through SET DPB, query it through LST DPB and modify it through
SET DPB
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Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview
3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
3.4 Outer Loop Power Control
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Outer Loop Power Control
Why we need outer loop power control?
SIR
BLER
Different curves
correspond to
different multi-path
environment
The reason of outer loop power control
The QoS which NAS provides to CN is BLER, not SIR
The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop power control
SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding correctly. But
different multi-path radio environments request different SIR
Therefore, the outer loop power control can adjust the SIR to get a stable BLER
in the changeable radio environment
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
NodeB UE
Transmit TPC
Measure SIR and
compare with SIR
tar
Inner loop
Set SIRtar
Out loop
RNC
Measure BLER of received
data and compare with the
BLER
tar
Set BLERtar
Uplink outer-loop power control is performed in the SRNC. The SRNC measures the
received BLER and compares it with the BLER
tar
. If the BLER
mea
is greater than the
BLER
tar
, the SRNC increases the SIR
tar
; otherwise, the SRNC decreases the SIR
tar
.
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
SIR
tar
Adjustment
Where
i is the i:th transmission channel.
n is the n:th adjustment period.
(
(

+ = Factor Step
BLER
BLER ) 1 n ( BLER
) 1 n ( SIR MAX ) n ( SIR
i
i , tar
i , tar i , meas
tar tar
According to the formula above,
SIR
tar
(n) is the target SIR used for the n:th adjustment period.
MAX means the maximum value among the total i transmission channels.
BLER
meas,i
(n) is measured for the i:th transmission channel in the n:th
adjustment period.
BLER
tar,i
is the target BLER of the i:th transmission channel.
Step
i
is the adjustment step of the i:th transmission channel.
Factor is the adjustment factor.
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control Parameters
OPLC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PCSWITCH (Power control algorithm
switch) parameter.
The default value is 1, namely ON
INITSIRTARGET
Parameter name: Initial SIR target value
The recommended value is shown in following table.
OPLC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PCSWITCH (Power control algorithm switch) parameter.
Value range1 (ON) , 0 (OFF)
Comments: When it is checked, RNC updates the uplink SIR TARGET of RLs
on the NodeB side by Iub DCH FP signals
Default value: 1
Set this parameter through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH, query it through LST
CORRMALGOSWITCH, and modify it through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH
INITSIRTARGET
Parameter name: Initial SIR target value
Value range: 0 to 255
Physical value range: -8.2 to +17.3 dB, step 0.1
Content: Defining the initial SIR target value of outer loop power control.
Recommended value: refer to the following table.
Set this parameter through ADD TYPSRBOLPC / ADD TYPRABOLPC, query it
through LST TYPSRB / LST TYPRAB, and modify it through MOD
TYPSRBOLPC / MOD TYPRABOLPC
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control Parameters
SIRADJUSTPERIOD
Parameter name: OLPC adjustment period
The recommended value is shown in following table.
SIRADJUSTFACTOR
Parameter name: SIR adjustment coefficient
The recommended value is 10, namely 1
SIRADJUSTPERIOD
Parameter name: OLPC adjustment period.
Value range: 1 to 100
Physical value range: 10 to 1000 ms, step 10
Comments: Outer loop power control varies with radio environment. A fast
changing radio environment leads to a shorter outer loop power control
adjustment period, while a slower changing one makes the period longer.
Default value: 40
Set this parameter through ADD TYPSRBOLPC / ADD TYPRABOLPC, query it
through LST TYPSRB / LST TYPRAB, and modify it through MOD
TYPSRBOLPC / MOD TYPRABOLPC
SIRADJUSTFACTOR
Parameter name: SIR adjustment coefficient
Value range: 0 to 10
Physical value range: 0.1 to 1 , step: 0.1
Content: It is used to adjust the best OLPC step for different cells when the
OLPC algorithm is given.
Recommended value: 10, namely 1
Set this parameter through SET OPLC / ADD CELLOLPC, query it through LST
OPLC, and modify it through SET OPLC / MOD CELLOLPC
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control Parameters
BLERQUALITY
Parameter name: Service DCH_BLER target value
The recommended value is shown in following table.
SIRADJUSTSTEP
Parameter name: SIR adjustment step
The recommended value is shown in the following table.
SIRADJUSTSTEP
Parameter name: SIR adjustment step
Value range: 0 to 10000
Physical value range: 0 to 10 , step: 0.001dB
Content: Step of target SIR adjustment in outer loop power control algorithm.
Set this parameter through ADD TYPSRBOLPC / ADD TYPRABOLPC, query it
through LST TYPSRB / LST TYPRAB ,and modify it through MOD
TYPSRBOLPC / MOD TYPRABOLPC
BLERQUALITY
Parameter name: Service DCH_BLER target value
Value range: -63 to 0
Physical value range: 510
-7
to 1
Content: This QoS-related parameter is used by CRNC to decide the target SIR
value that influences access and power control. Use the formula below to get the
integer value of the parameter: 10Log 10(BLER).
Set this parameter through ADD TYPSRBOLPC / ADD TYPRABOLPC, query it
through LST TYPSRB / LST TYPRAB, and modify it through MOD
TYPSRBOLPC / MOD TYPRABOLPC
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control Parameters
Referential configurations for typical services:
-20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -27 -20 -20 -20
Service
DCH_BLER
target value
142 122 107 102 102 102 102 102 122 102 122 102
SIR init
target value
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 5 10 4
SIR
adjustment
step
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4
OLPC
adjustment
period
PS I/B
384k
PS I/B
256k
PS I/B
144k
PS I/B
128k
PS I/B
64k
PS I/B
32k
PS I/B
16k
PS I/B
8k
CSD
64k
AMR
12.2k
SRB
13.6k
SRB
3.4k
Service
Where,
CSD: CS domain Data service
I/B: Interactive and Background.
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
The parameters MaxSirStepUp and MaxSirStepDown limit the
adjustment range of the SIR
tar
, and the algorithm is:
If SIR
tar
> 0 and SIR
tar
> MaxSirStepUp ,
then SIR
tar
(n+1) = SIR
tar
(n) + MaxSirStepUp
If SIR
tar
< 0 and ABS( SIR
tar
) > MaxSirStepDown ,
then SIR
tar
(n+1) = SIR
tar
(n) MaxSirStepDown
The parameters MaxSirtarget and MinSirtarget limit the range of
the SIR
tar
at any time.
Where,
SIR
tar
is the adjustment of SIR
tar
, and SIR
tar
= SIR
tar
(n+1) - SIR
tar
(n)
ABS( SIR
tar
) means absolute value of SIR
tar
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control Parameters
MAXSIRSTEPUP / MAXSIRSTEPDN
Parameter name: Maximum SIR increase / decrease step
The recommended value is shown in following table.
MAXSIRTARGET / MINSIRTARGET
Parameter name: Maximum / Minimum SIR target
The recommended value is shown in following table.
MAXSIRSTEPUP / MAXSIRSTEPDN
Parameter name: Maximum SIR increase / decrease step
Value range: 0 to 10000
Physical value range: 0 to 10 dB, step: 0.001
Content: Maximum allowed SIR increase/ decrease step within an outer loop
power control adjustment period.
The recommended value is shown in following table.
Set this parameter through ADD TYPSRBOLPC / ADD TYPRABOLPC, query it
through LST TYPSRB / LST TYPRAB ,and modify it through MOD
TYPSRBOLPC / MOD TYPRABOLPC
MAXSIRTARGET / MINSIRTARGET
Parameter name: Maximum / Minimum SIR target
Value range: 0 to 255
Physical value range: -8.2 to17.3 dB, step: 0.1
Content: Define the maximum /minimum SIR target value of outer loop power
control algorithm.
The recommended value is shown in following table.
Set this parameter through ADD TYPSRBOLPC / ADD TYPRABOLPC, query it
through LST TYPSRB / LST TYPRAB ,and modify it through MOD
TYPSRBOLPC / MOD TYPRABOLPC
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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control Parameters
Referential configurations for typical services:
400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 1000 500 500 400
Maximum
SIR increase
step
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 100 200 200 200
Maximum
SIR decrease
step
62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62
Minimum SIR
target
172 152 137 132 132 132 132 132 152 132 132 132
Maximum
SIR target
PS I/B
384k
PS I/B
256k
PS I/B
144k
PS I/B
128k
PS I/B
64k
PS I/B
32k
PS I/B
16k
PS I/B
8k
CSD
64k
AMR
12.2k
SRB
13.6k
SRB
3.4k
Service
Where,
CSD: CS domain Data service
I/B: Interactive and Background.
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Downlink Outer Loop Power Control
NodeB
set SIR
tar
Transmit TPC
Measure SIR and
compare with SIR
tar
Measure BLER of
received data and
compare with the
BLER
tar
Outer loop
Inner loop
L1
L3
UE
The downlink outer loop power control is implemented inside the UE. Therefore, this
algorithm is specified by UE manufacturer.
Generally, the UE L3 measures the received BLER and compares it with the BLER
tar
. If
the BLER
mea
is greater than the BLER
tar
, the L3 increases the SIR
tar
and send it to UE
L1; otherwise, the L3 decreases the SIR
tar
.
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Summary
In this course, we have discussed function, principle and
common parameters of the following power control
algorithm:
Open loop power control
Inner loop power control
Outer loop power control
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