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Arakan National Newspaper Jan 09

This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the document: The document discusses a criminal case involving 91 defendants accused of violating Section 3 and Section 1 of the 2009 Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law. It describes how the court investigated the defendants' alleged involvement in human trafficking and exploitation from 2008 to 2009. The document asks whether the evidence is sufficient to convict the defendants of human trafficking and slavery offenses.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
236 views12 pages

Arakan National Newspaper Jan 09

This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the document: The document discusses a criminal case involving 91 defendants accused of violating Section 3 and Section 1 of the 2009 Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law. It describes how the court investigated the defendants' alleged involvement in human trafficking and exploitation from 2008 to 2009. The document asks whether the evidence is sufficient to convict the defendants of human trafficking and slavery offenses.

Uploaded by

Bay of Arakan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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wifatmifu ol. “a'gufwmvGrf;a0” 1954 ckEpS w f iG f Edik if 0hH efxrf;/ 1955 ckEpS rf S e,fajr wwd, trsm;qH;k tEdik &f Edik if aH &;
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aq;ynm&Sifrsm;onf olwdk@. aq;&Hktkyf}uD;/orm;awmf}uD;ESifh rE Wav; q&m}uD;.ZeD;rSm a':apmwif
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vlom;rsm. usef;rma&;udk apmifha&Smuf ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpf txd &dkx&Dtoif;
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“aq;xdk;tyfudk udkifI vlwOD;csif;pD. &Sifrsm; zvS,faom tpDtpOft& tar tm;vHk;wGif ta&;ygaom EdkifiHa&; tzGJ@
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a'guf w m apmjratmif . cHcJh&onf? oef@pif&majr/ tm%m&Sifrsm;udk qef@usif
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*s&wf * k d ; oG i f ; ,l a eyk H upm;vmcJ&h m yGcJ sed f 68 rdepfwiG f vDAmyk;l toif;ukd *kd;jywf &_H;edrfhcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
y&D ; rD ; ,m;vd * f . yG J p Of 22 toif ; acgif ; aqmif pwD A if (*s&wf ) u ,ckyGJwGif ref,laemufwef; taumif;qkH;
y&D;rD;,m;vd*fxdyfoD; 4 oif;.'DZifbmv
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+rdK@cH+ydKifzuf tJAmweftoif;ESifh wpfzuf
1-1 jzif h oa&omupm; Ek d i f o jzif h
uefoiG ;f &m tJAmwef *k;d orm; wifa[mif;
0yf 'ku d yf pfaomfvnf; aemufusum ol.
uef o G i f ; cG i f h y if r&&S d c J h a y? zm'D e ef .
ae&mupm;onfh tDAefuvnf; ajcpGrf;jy
vDAmyl;
ref,ltoif;u wpfyGJavsmh trSwfwl *kd; nmzufvufatmufrS *kd;0if oGm;cJhojzifh upm;cJhonfukdawG@&Sd&onf? ref,ltoif; 1-2-09 we*FaEGae@ vDAmyl;-csJ,fvfqD;
2 *k d ; tomjzif h trS w f a y; Z,m;uk d vD A myl ; toif ; u OD ; aqmif * k d ; uk d &&S d ,ckwpfyGJ tEkdif&&Sdjcif;u ref,ltoif;ukd 7-2-09 paeae@ yd@k paf rmufpf - vDAmyl;
OD;aqmifcGifh &&SdoGm;cJhonf? ,ckyGJwGif oGm;cJo h nf? yGcJ sed f 87 rdepfwiG f tJAmwef 5 rSwf &&Sad pcJo h nf? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf 22-2-09 we*FaEGae@ vDAmyl;-ref;pD;wD;
vDAmyl; toif;u yGJponf qkdonfESifh toif;. a'giu hf efabmtm; tmwDwmrS vD A myl ; toif ; u pwk w f p D ; wD ; ES i f h 25-2-09 Ak'<[l; &D;&,fruf'&pf-vDAmyl;
wkdufppfzGifhum a&S@wGif awm&ufpfESifh ruefwifo h nfh abmvk;H tm; wifuma[; oa&uscJ h j cif ; a=umif h jzpf o nf ? ref , l 28-2-09 paeae@ rpf',fba&mhpf - vDAmyl;
a&mfbu D ed ;f ukd wifum upm;cJah omfvnf; u acgif ; uk d aemuf v S e f I wk d u f j yD ; toif;taejzifh yGu J sef 2 yGJ tEkid &f &Scd v hJ #if
yxrykid ;f wGif tJAmwef toif;ukd tom
r&I tJAmwef toif;. wkdufppfqif
acsy*k;d oGi;f ,lomG ;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? vDAmyl;
aemuf w ef ; rsm; wif u ma[;tm;
vDAmyl; toif;xuf wpfrSwftom &&Sd
rnfjzpfonf? ref,l
upm;r_uo dk m umuG,cf &hJ onf? vDAmyl; ruyfbJvGwfay;xm;ojzifh acgif;wkdufcGifh
2-2-09 wevFmae@ ref,l-tJAmwef
wk d u f p pf r S L ; awm&uf p f yxryd k i f ; wG i f &&SdoGm;jcif;jzpfonf? ,ckyGJwGif yxrykdif;
8-2-09 paeae@ 0ufpf[rf;-ref,l
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17-2-09 t*F gae@ ref,l-zl[rf
awG @ um *k d ; oG i f ; cG i f h tcG i f h t a&; upm;Ek d i f c J h a omf v nf ; 'k w d , yk d i f ; wG i f
21-2-09 paeae@ ref,l-bvufpfbef;
&&Scd ahJ omfvnf; *k;d orm;.b,fzufwidk Ef iS hf tdrf&Sif vDAmyl;toif;u ajctomjzifh
24-2-09 t*F gae@ tifwmrDvef-ref,l
xdum tjyifzufokd@ xGufcGmoGm;ojzifh upm;oGm;onfukd awG@&Sd&onf? vDAmyl;
28-2-09 paeae@ ref,l-ykd@pfarmufpfh
yxrykdif;ukd *kd;roGif;Ekdif=ubJ oa& jzifh wku d pf pfrLS ;jzpfol awm&ufp. f tqk;H owf
om jyD;qkH;apcJhonf? 'kwd,ykdif;ponfESifh
vDAmyl; toif;u twif; wkdufppfqif
raocsmr_a=umifh trSwfcGJa0 ,lcJh&jcif;
jzpfonf?
ref , l t oif ; twG u f a AG a qmf O D ;
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J q
f ;D
1-2-09 we*FaEG vDAmyl;-csJvfqD;
cs,fvfqD;toif;aqmuftef;toif;tm;*kd;jywfjzihfEkdif 7-2-09 paeae@ csJvfqD;-a[mpfpD;wD;
21-2-09 paeae@ tufpfpwGefADvm-csJvfqD;
cs,fvfqD; toif;onf tufzf tqk H ; owf c J h o nf u k d a wG @ &S d & onf ?
25-2-09 Ak'<[l; csJvfqD;-*sKAifwyf
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28-2-09 paeae@ csJ,fqD;-0D*ef
tm; td r f u G i f ; wG i f oa&uscJ h o jzih f rdepf)wGif awmifyu H pm;orm; wifumvl;
tuf z f a tzvm; jyef u ef y G J p Of tjzpf u OD;aqmif tEkdif*kd;ukdoGif;,lay;cJhonf?
aqmuftef; uGi;f wGif upm;cJ&h m 4-1 jzifh yGJcsdef 78 rSmawmh cs,fvfqD;toif;.
tEkdif&&SdcJhonfukd awG@&Sd&onf? ,ckyGJ
tEk d i f & &S d c J h a omf v nf ; aqmuf t ef ;
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oGi;f ,lcjhJ yD; tqk;H owf*;dk ukad wmh cs,v f q f ;D tmqife,f
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8-2-09 we*FaEG pyg;- tmqife,f
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21-2-09 paeae@ tmqife,f-qef;'g;vef;
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24-2-09 t*F gae@ tmqife,f-&kd;rm;
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28-2-09 paeae@ tmqife,f-zl[rf
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