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Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

There are several factors that can affect enzyme activity: 1) Enzyme concentration - Increasing the concentration of the enzyme will linearly increase the reaction rate, as long as the substrate concentration remains constant. 2) Substrate concentration - Increasing the substrate concentration will initially increase the reaction rate, but the rate will level off once all enzyme active sites are occupied. 3) Temperature - Reaction rates increase with temperature, up until the temperature causes the enzyme to denature. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature range, usually between 25-40°C.

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401 views

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

There are several factors that can affect enzyme activity: 1) Enzyme concentration - Increasing the concentration of the enzyme will linearly increase the reaction rate, as long as the substrate concentration remains constant. 2) Substrate concentration - Increasing the substrate concentration will initially increase the reaction rate, but the rate will level off once all enzyme active sites are occupied. 3) Temperature - Reaction rates increase with temperature, up until the temperature causes the enzyme to denature. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature range, usually between 25-40°C.

Uploaded by

Jyothirmai Gopireddy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity E + S <==> ES <==> S + P Enzyme Concentration If we keep the concentration of the substrate constant and

increase the concentration of the enzyme, the rate of reaction increases linearly. (That is if the concentration of enzyme is doubled, the rate doubles.) This is because in practically all enzyme reactions the molar concentration of the enzyme is almost always lower than that of the substrate. Substrate Concentration If we keep the concentration of the enzyme constant and increase the concentration of the substrate, initially, the rate increases with substrate concentration, but at a certain concentration, the rate levels out and remains constant. So at some point, increasing the substrate concentration does not increase the rate of reaction, because the excess substrate cannot find any active sites to attach to. Temperature For enzyme-catalyzed reactions, like all chemical reactions, rate increases with temperature. However, enzymes are proteins, and at higher temperatures proteins become denatured and inactive. Thus, every enzyme has an optimum temperature. optimum temperature - the temperature at which enzyme activity is highest - usually about 25oC-40oC

Effect of pH Small changes in pH can result in enzyme denaturation and loss of catalytic activity. Because the charge on acidic and basic amino acid residues located at the active site depends on pH. Most enzymes only exhibit maximum activity over a very narrow pH range. optimum pH - is the pH at which an enzyme has maximum activity. Biological buffers help maintain the optimum pH for an enzyme. Most enzymes have an optimum pH that falls within the physiological range of 7.0-7.5. Notable exceptions are the digestive enzymes pepsin and trypsin. pepsin (active in the stomach) - optimum pH of 1.5. trypsin (active in the small intestine) - optimum pH of 8.0

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