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Interrrupts: Auto Configuration

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a local computer bus standard used to connect hardware devices to the processor. Devices on the PCI bus appear directly connected to the processor bus and are assigned addresses in the processor's address space. Devices can be integrated circuits on the motherboard or expansion cards. The PCI specification defines the physical bus characteristics, electrical standards, timing protocols, and supported devices include network cards, sound cards, disk controllers, and video cards. PCI provides separate memory and I/O address spaces. A configuration space allows software to determine the resources needed by each device. Devices share interrupt lines and follow protocols for interrupt handling.

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28 views

Interrrupts: Auto Configuration

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a local computer bus standard used to connect hardware devices to the processor. Devices on the PCI bus appear directly connected to the processor bus and are assigned addresses in the processor's address space. Devices can be integrated circuits on the motherboard or expansion cards. The PCI specification defines the physical bus characteristics, electrical standards, timing protocols, and supported devices include network cards, sound cards, disk controllers, and video cards. PCI provides separate memory and I/O address spaces. A configuration space allows software to determine the resources needed by each device. Devices share interrupt lines and follow protocols for interrupt handling.

Uploaded by

Apurv Goel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Peripheral Component Interconnect part of the PCI Local Bus is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices

in a computer. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus Devices connected to the bus appear to the processor to be connected directly to the processor bus, and are assigned addresses in the processor's address space. Attached devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, called a planar device in the PCI specification, or an expansion card that fits into a slot.

The PCI specification covers the physical size of the bus electrical characteristics, bus timing, and protocols

Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: network cards, sound cards,modems, extra ports such as USB or serial, TV tuner cards and disk controllers PCI video cards replaced ISA

Auto configuration
PCI provides separate memory and I/O port address spaces for the x86 processor family, 64 and 32 bits, respectively. Addresses in these address spaces are assigned by software. A third address space, called the PCI Configuration Space, which uses a fixed addressing scheme, allows software to determine the amount of memory and I/O address space needed by each device.

interrrupts
Devices are required to follow a protocol so that the interrupt lines can be shared. The PCI bus includes four interrupt lines, all of which are available to each device

PCI interrupt lines are level-triggered. This was chosen over edge-triggering in order to gain an advantage when servicing a shared interrupt line, and for robustness: edge triggered interrupts are easy to miss.

Cards requiring 3.3 volts card backplate; those requiring 5 volts

Mixing of 32-bit and 64-bit PCI cards in different width slots


Most 32-bit PCI cards will function properly in 64-bit PCI-X slots, but the bus speed will be limited to the clock frequency of the slowest card, an inherent limitation of PCI's shared bus topology.

PCI address spaces


PCI has three address spaces: memory, I/O address, and configuration. Memory addresses are 32 bits (optionally 64 bits) in size, support caching and can be burst transactions.

PCI command codes


There are 16 possible 4-bit command codes, and 12 of them are assigned.

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