Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

Digestion

The process of breaking down large food

molecules into smaller molecules that can
be readily absorbed by the body.

It consists of :
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
Tips :
Mak - Mouth
Oteh - Oesophagus
Suka - Stomach
Duduk - Duodenum
Sama Intan - Small
Intestine
Laili Ibni
- Large
Intestine
Anus - Anus

Mout
h
s

Stomac
h

Duodenum

Lower part of
small
intestine
Appendix
Starch

The end products

of digestion

Protein

Fat
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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

Organs

Secretions

(a) Mouth

Enzymes

Saliva

Actions
Salivary amylase

(a) _____________

Starch

(b) Oesophagus

(c) Stomach

(i) Gastric juice

Maltose

(c) ___________________
(Contraction and relaxation of
wall in the alimentary canal)

(d) _____________

Pepsin

Protein

(d) Duodenum

peptones

(ii) Hydrochloric
acid

Kills bacteria in food.

Provides an acidic medium
suitable for the action of
protease.

(i) Bile

Emulsifies the fats into oil

droplets.
Pancreatic amylase

(ii) Pancreatic juice

(i) ____________

Starch

Maltose
Pepsin

(ii) ____________

Protein

Peptones
Lipase

(iii) ___________

(e) Small Intestine

Fat

Fatty Acids&
Glycerol
Maltase

(i) Intestinal juice

(i) ____________

Maltose

Glucose
Pepsin

(ii) ____________

Polypeptides

Amino
Acid

Lipase

(iii) ____________

Fat

Fatty Acids&
Glycerol

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

Beri-beri
Night Blindness
Fibre
Fatty acids & glycerol

Amino acid
Rickets
Scurvy

Carbohydrate
Minerals
Sterility

Fat
Glucose
Protein
Water
Prolonged bleeding

7 classes of food
Vitamin A

Vitamin B

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin
Deficiency disease

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Classes of food
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat

Vitamin and mineral

Fibre
Water

Function
Supply the body with energy
For growth and repair of body tissues
provide energy
heat insulator
protect internal organs
Dissolve vitamin AS, D, E and K.
For healthy growth and development
Prevent constipation
Regulate body temperature
Remove excretory products from body
Transporting food

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

Food Tests

Food

Test

Observation

Word Express

Starch

Iodine test

turns Dark Blue

Glucose

Benedicts test

turns Orange Precipitate

Gear B O P

Proteins

Millons test

turns Brick-red Precipitate

Pam Minyak BP

Fat

Emulsion test
Filter paper

turns Milky-white emulsion

Translucent Spot on filter paper

F EMoW

Age

State of
health

Siti Ingat Dia Bagus

Size

Factors affect
balanced diet

Climate

Sex

Job

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

Exercise 2.1

Classes of food

1. Diagram shows some examples of food.

The food shown is rich in a certain class of food.

(a) Name the class of food.
___________________________________________________________
(b) Explain the digestion process that takes place on these food when they
reach the stomach.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
(c) Name the end-product of digestion of these food.
___________________________________________________________
(d) State one function of this class of food.
___________________________________________________________

2. Diagrams below show three food tests.

(a) Test for starch

(i) What is solution X?

______________________
(ii) What is the expected
observation?
______________________
______________________

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(b) Test for sugar

(i) Identify solution Y?

______________________
(ii) What is the observation?
______________________
______________________

(c ) Test for proteins

(i) Name the solution Z?

______________________
(ii) State the observation for
this experiment.
______________________
______________________

3. Diagram shows some examples of food.

(a) Name the three elements that are contained in these food.
__________________________________________________________
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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(b) Name the class of these food.

___________________________________________________________
(c) State one function of this class of food.
___________________________________________________________
(d) Give two vitamins that dissolve in this class of food
___________________________________________________________
(e) Explain briefly how you can test for the presence of this class of food..
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

4. Complete of the description of the various food tests below :

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

5. Categories the food below into the correct food classes

Rice
Potato
Butter

Bread
Milk
Egg yolk

Meat
Egg white
Honey
Beans
Vegetables Fish oil

Fish
Coconut oils
Fruit

Classes of food

Carbohydrates

Protein

Fats

Fibre

6. Diagram 1 shows several foods.

Diagram 1
(a) State the food class for each of the food shown in Diagram 1.
(i) P : ______________________
(iii) R : ______________________
(v) T : ______________________

(ii) Q : ____________________
(iv) S : ____________________
(vi) U : ____________________

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(b) Complete Table 1

Food
P
Q

Food test
Millons test

Observation
A transparent spot is formed on
the filter paper.
The food became blue black in
colour

7. State the vitamin of the following vitamins deficiency diseases.

Deficiency disease
Scurvy
Blood difficult to clot
Rickets
Night-blindness
Infertility
Beri-beri

Vitamins

8. (a) A student was given few food samples by his teacher. How can he test
the presence of carbohydrates in the food sample?
________________________________________________________
(b) State the end product of digestion of carbohydrates in the small
intestine.
_______________________________________________________________

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

Exercise 2.2

The Importance of a Balanced Diet

Diagram 1 shows the classification of nutritious food in a Food Pyramid.

Diagram 1
(a) State the importance of using a food pyramid.
___________________________________________________________
(b) (i) What is the function of food class X?
_________________________________________________________
(ii) What happen if an individual lacks class food X in his daily diet?
________________________________________________________
(c) Diagram 2 shows a person suffering from a kind of disease.

Diagram 2
(i) Which class of food will cause the disease in Diagram 2 if taken
excessively in our daily diet?
________________________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

Human Digestive System

Exercise 2.3

1. Diagram 1 shows the human digestive system.

Diagram 1
(a) On Diagram 1, label the following organs.
Liver

Stomach

(b) State one function of organ R.

___________________________________________________________
(c) Name one type of simple food present in organ S.
___________________________________________________________
(d) What will happen to the simple food while it is inside organ S?
___________________________________________________________
(e) A food test is carried out on a food sample taken from organ S. Complete
the observation of the test and the food class of the sample in the table
below.
Food test

Observation

A few drops of Benedicts

solution is added into the
food sample. The mixture
is then heated.

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Food class

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

2. The diagram below shows a human digestive system.

(a) Name the organ labeled Q, R and U.

(b) Which is the largest organ in the diagram.
___________________________________________________________
(c) Mark the organ where villus are found with X.

(d) Which organ in the diagram above produces bile?

___________________________________________________________

3. The diagram shows the human digestive

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(a) Name the labeled parts of the human digestive system.

P
Q
R
S

: __________________
: __________________
: __________________
: __________________

T
U
V
X

: ____________________
: ____________________
: ____________________
: ____________________

(b) State the type of enzyme, food digested and the end products in the organ
T.
Name of enzyme
Type of food digested
End product

: ____________________________________
: ____________________________________
: ____________________________________

(c) The liver secretes bile into the duodenum. What are the functions of bile?
___________________________________________________________
(d) Name parts of the human digestive system where starch is digested?
___________________________________________________________
(e) How does food moved through the alimentary canal?
___________________________________________________________

4. Diagram 2 shows part of the human digestive system.

Diagram 2
(a) Name the part labeled P and Q.
P
Q

: ____________________________________________________
: ____________________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(b) What is the function of Q?

___________________________________________________________
(c) What is the function of Villi on the inner surface of P?
___________________________________________________________
(d) Name two types of food which can be absorbed through the Villi.
(i) ________________________________________________________
(ii) ________________________________________________________

5. Diagram 3 shows a human digestive system.

Diagram 3
(a) Label three of the following structures in Diagram 3.

Stomach

Small
intestine

Liver

Large
intestine

Pancreas

(b) State one function of organ T.

___________________________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(c) A student carried out a food test on sample M. Table 1 shows the results
of the test.
Complete Table 1 by writing the observation obtain from the food test.
Food test
Sample M is
crushed and added
with Millons
reagent.

Observation

Food class

Sample M is added
with a few drops of
iodine solution.

6. Classify the following substances

Glucose
Glycerol

Proteins
Fatty Acids

Amino acids
Starch

Foods that can be absorbed

into the small intestine

Fats
Fibers

Foods that cannot be

absorbed into the small
intestine

7. Diagram 4 shows the human digestive system.

Diagram 4
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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(a) (i) Label one of the following structure in Diagram 4.

Pancreas
Oesophagus
Large intestine
Liver

(ii) State one function of the structure labeled in 2 (a) (i).

_________________________________________________________
(b) A sample of food, X consists mainly of fat.
(i) Explain what happens to the food sample X in structure P.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
(ii) What is the final products of food X.
________________________________________________________
(c) Suggest one example of food that may possibly be the food sample X.
___________________________________________________________

8. State the enzymes and the final products of digestion for the following food.

Enzyme

Food

Protein

Fat

Starch

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Final Product

Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

9. Label the parts of the human digestive system shown below :

Tips :
Mak
(Mouth)
Oteh
(Oesophagus)
Suka
(Stomach)
Duduk
(Duodenum)
Sama Intan
(Small Intestine)
Laili Ibni
(Large Intestine)
Anus
(Anus)

a) Based on the diagram above, state where the following processes occur in
the human body.
(i) Digestion of protein begin : __________________________________
(ii) Digestion completed
: ____________________________________
(iii) Absorption of digested food :_________________________________
(iv) Bile produced here
: ____________________________________
(v) Bile stored here
: ____________________________________
b) How does food move from the mouth to the stomach?
___________________________________________________________
c) Diagram 5 shows an organ in our digestive system.

Diagram 5
(i) Name the organ : ________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

(ii) The organ secretes gastric juices. Name the class of food that is
digested by the gastric juices.
________________________________________________________
(iii) Name the acid in the gastric juices.
________________________________________________________
(iv) State three functions of the acid.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

10. The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.

(a) In the diagram :

(i) Mark the part that stores bile, as P.
(ii) Mark the part that absorbs digested food, as R.
(iii) Mark the part that receive digested food from blood vessel, as Q.
(b) Name the organ in the diagram that digest protein earlier.
___________________________________________________________
(c) Name any two enzymes produced by R.
___________________________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

11. Diagram shows an experiment to study the action of an enzyme in saliva on

starch.

(a) Write a possible value of X.

___________________________________________________________
(b) The mixture in boiling tubes A and B is tested for the presence of starch
and sugar after 10 minutes.
Boiling tube

Test for
Starch

Sugar

A
B
(c) What is the conclusion of the experiment?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
(d) Name the end-product of digestion of
(i) Proteins
(ii) Fats

: _______________________________________________
: _______________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

12. Diagram 6 shows an experiment.

Diagram 6
(a) State the aim of this experiment.
___________________________________________________________
(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
___________________________________________________________
(c) What are represented by the distilled water and the Visking tube
respectively?

(i) Distilled water

(ii) Visking tube

: __________________________________________
: __________________________________________

(d) State the variables involved in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable
(ii) Responding variable

: ____________________________________
: ____________________________________

(e) Put a tick ( ) if the content is present and a cross (x) if the content is
absent.
Content of Visking tube
At the beginning of the experiment
After 15 minutes

Glucose

Starch

(f) State two other substances that can diffuse through the small intestine.
___________________________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

13. Diagram 7 shows the apparatus set-up used to study the reaction of salivary
amylase on starch. The solution in the test tube is tested for the presence of
starch and simple sugar at the end of the experiment.

Diagram 7
(a) Predict the results of the experiment by completing Table 1.

Test tube
P
Q

Beginning of the experiment

Starch
Simple sugar
Present
Not present
Present
Not present

End of the experiment

Starch
Simple sugar

(b) What is in the saliva that enables starch to be digested?

___________________________________________________________
(c) What is the reaction of salivary enzyme that occurs in starch?
___________________________________________________________

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Science Module Form 2 - Chapter 2

14. The diagram shows the set-up of an experiment to study the absorption of
food through the walls of the small intestine.

(a) What is represented by the

(i) Visking tube
(ii) water

: __________________________________________
: __________________________________________

(b) What should the temperature of the water in this experiment be?
___________________________________________________________
(c) The table shows the results of the food test carried on the water in the
beaker at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.
Food test
Iodine solution
Benedicts solution

Beginning of the
experiment
No change in colour
No change in colour

End of the experiment

No change in colour
A brick red precipitate
is formed

(d) What is detected in the water?

___________________________________________________________
(e) Name the enzyme in the saliva which acts on the starch.
___________________________________________________________
(f) Name the structure found in the inner wall of the small intestine which
helps in the absorption of digested food.
___________________________________________________________

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