Complete Reference
Complete Reference
Editor-In-Chief
Prof. K.S.Gupta
Editor
Vipul Sharma
Editorial Team
Anuj Kumar Sharma Gorav Kr.Malik
Jyotirmoy Dutta Suyash Bhardwaj
Shiv Kumar Nishant Kumar
Vivek Kumar Namit Khanduja
Sanjeev Lamba
Committees for
International conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
(February 11-13, 2012)
Chairman, GTER-2012
Prof. R.D. Kaushik
Co-Chairman
Dr. R. K. Soni
Organizing Secretary
Dr. M.M. Tiwari
Co-organizing Secretary
Mr. Mayank Agarwal
Inauguration/Valedictory
Committee
Convenor
Mr. Mayank Agarwal
Compere
Dr. V. K. Singh (FMS)
Members
Dr. Sunil Panwar
Mr. Namit Khanduja
Mr. Gaurav Tyagi
Mr. Rajul Bhardwaj (FMS)
Dr. Kapil Goel (FAMS)
Dr. Vineet Kumar (FAMS)
Ms. Kavita Panjwani
Dr. Dharmendra Balyan
Mr. S. K. Kashyap
Mr. Kamal Singh
Mr. Mukesh Kumar
Mr. Brijesh Kumar
Mr. Rakesh Kumar
Registration Committee
Convenor
Mr. Tanuj Garg
Members
Dr. Vivek Goel
Ms. Manmeet Kaur
Mr. Shashank Sharma
Mr. Virendra Singh Patwal
Mr. Aniruddha Yadav
Mr. Kavinder Kumar
Mr. Deepak Negi
Accommodation Committee
Coordinator
Dr. Ajay Kumar
Convenor
Sh. Jaspal Singh (FS)
Members
Mr. Praveen Pandey
Mr. Prateek Agarwal
Mr. Anuj Kumar (FS)
Mr. Rishi Prajapati
Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj
Mr. Ashok Kumar
Dr. Vineet Kumar (FAMS)
Mr. Vipin Kumar (FAMS)
Transportation Committee
Coordinator
Dr. Ajay Kumar
Convenor
Dr. Lokesh Kumar Joshi
Members
Dr. Devendra Singh
Mr. Manoj Kumar Patel
Mr. Nishant Kumar
Mr. Kuldeep Singh
Mr. Sekhar Karanwal
Mr. Vikas Deshwal
Mr. Nagendra Rana
Mr. Deepak Verma
Mr. Manu Gupta
Food & Catering Committee
Convenor
Dr. Dharmendra Baliyan
Members
Dr. Rajdeep Malik (FS)
Dr. Rudraman
Mr. Manoj Kumar Patel
Mr. Gajendra Singh Rawat
Mr. Gaurav Tyagi
Mr. Pavan Kumar
Mr. Sanjeev Kumar
Mr. Sanjay Verma
VIP Committee
Convener
Dr. Prabhat Kumar (FOS)
Member
Dr. Satendra Singh (Arch Mus)
Dr. Vipul Bhatt (FH)
Mr. Raju (FH)
Senate Hall Committee
Convener
Dr. Kartar Singh
Member
Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj
Ms. Verinder Wahla
Mr. Pradhuman
Mr. Mahesh
Mr. Kavindra Kumar
Mr. Sanjay
Technical Session Committee
Convenor
Sh. Vipul Sharma
Members
Mr. Sanjeev Lambha
Mr. Anuj Kumar Sharma
Mr. Vivek Kumar
Mr. Namit Khanduja
Mr. Gaurav Malik
Mr. Jotirmoy Dutta
Mr. Shiv Kumar
Mr. Apoorv Kaushik
Mr. Ashok Bhatt
Publication and Communication
Committee
Convenor
Mr. Vipul Sharma
Members
Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj
Mr. Nishant Kumar
Mr. Jyotirmoy Dutta
Mr. Gaurav Malik
Mr. Anuj Kumar Sharma
Mr. Shiv Kumar
Sponsorship Committee
Convenor
Mr. Mayank Agarwal
Members
Mr. Shatrughan Jha
Mr. Durgesh Gaurav
Mr. Sachin Kaushik
Local Secretariat
Convenor
Dr. M. M. Tiwari
Members
Mr. Birendra Singh Patwal
Mr. Deepak Negi
Cultural Committee
Convenor
Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma
Member
Mr. Satrughan Jha
Dr. Dharmendra Baliyan
Sh. Sanjeev Lambha
Accounts Committee
Convenor
Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma
Member
Mr. Amit Dhiman
Mr. Birendra Singh Patwal
Maintenance Committee
Convenor
Mr. Vipul Sharma
Member
Dr. Dharmendra Baliyan
Mr. Dhanpal
Mr. Brijesh
Mr. Ashok
Mr. Rakesh
Mr. Anand
Press, Media &Photography
Committee
Convenor
Dr. Vivek Goel
Members
Mr. Kulbhushan Sharma
MrPankaj Kaushik
Mr. Narender Malik
Mr. Sonu (FMS)
LIST OF VOLUNTEERS FOR DIFFERENT COMMITTEES
INAUGURAL/ VALEDICTION
1. Shri Ram Vaishya
2. Alok Kumar
3. Bhanu Pratap Pal
4. Vaibhav Pandey
5. Sumit Kumar Meena
6. Abhishek Kumar
7. Rajesh Kumar
REGISTRATION
1. Abhishek kumar
2. Alok Kumar Singh
3. Rakesh Kumar Singh
4. Sumit Kumar Meena
5. Awadesh Singh
6. Bharat Nanoma
TECHNICAL SESSIONS
1. Prasoon Awasthi
2. Ritesh Kumar
3. Ramji Pandey
4. Gaurav Sahkya
5. Ram Kumar Garg
6. Abhay Pratap Singh
FOOD AND CATERING
1. Aditya Pant
2. Arpit Agarwal
3. Akshay Pratap singh
4. Vineet Yadav
5. Ashish Uttam
6. Aniruddha
7. Dushyant Kumar
8. Anurag Uttam
TRANSPORTATION
1. Akshay Mathur
2. Madhur Sareen
3. Kumar Sourabh
4. Mayank Kumar
5. Pranjal Thakral
6. Rajesh Kumar Agrahari
7. Yatin Kareel
8. Imran Ahmad
9. Ayush Zutsi
10. Ankit Singh
11. Harsh Kumar Arya
12. Mukesh Negi
13. Ripu Daman Singh
14. Swetanshu Kumar Vipul
15. Abhishek Kumar Mishra
16. Akash Deep
17. Arjun Gupta
18. Shubham Sharma
19. Gopal Saraswat
20. Dheeraj Kumar Panwar
21. Shobhit Garg
22. Ankur Pandey
23. Mukesh kumar yadav
ACCOMMODATION
1. Vijay Kr Savita
2. Subham Dixit
3. Anuj Kumar
4. Ankush Chauhan
5. Ankit Gupta
6. Abhishek Saini
7. Surya Pratap Singh
8. Gaurav singhal
9. Munna Chauhan
10. Mukesh Kumar Yadav
11. Mukti Narayan Rai
12. Vipin Kumar
13. Vimal Kumar
14. Arbaz ali
15. Sumit Kumar Sharma
16. Akhilesh Tripathi
17. Yogendra Meena
18. Rahul Kumar Nirnjan
19. Tushar Singla
20. Tajveer Tyagi
21. Himanshu Kaushik Ankur Gupta
22. Saurav Tiwari
23. Rahul Mishra
24. Sarvesh Sahu
25. Abhishek Mishra
26. Ankur Singh Chandel
Acknowledgements
I express my gratitude to Prof. Swatantra Kumar, Honble Vice Chancellor, Professor Mahavir
Aggarwal, Pro-Vice Chancellor, Prof. A.K.Chopra, Registrar and Prof. R.K.Misra, Finance
Officer of Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar for the guidance, support and financial
assistance received for organizing GTER-2012.
I also express my heartfelt thanks to the Department of Biotechnology & Department of Science
and Technology (Ministry of Science and Technology), Uttarakhand State Council for Science
and Technology (UCOST), Ministry of Earth Science and Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) for their generous financial assistance. I am also grateful to various companies
for having booked advertisement in the abstract book for extending good wishes.
The overwhelming response from scientists, academicians and researchers belonging to
international fraternity, in terms of large number of papers received is gratefully acknowledged.
Also my thanks are due to all the teachers, staff members and students of Faculty of Engineering
and Technology, without whom ,this conference would not have been possible.
Prof. R.D. Kaushik
Chairman
GTER-2012
It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the
Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
The conference is suitably titled,
seriously throughout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day
and we can pass on this legacy to the generations to come. It is high time that the youth becomes
aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such event
the purpose.
I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University
is organizing the event at such a large scale. The conference holds much more significance that it
is being organized in the holy city o
I congratulate the organizer for their hard work and wish them all the best. My blessings
are always with them.
Message
It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the
Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation -2012
The conference is suitably titled, as initiatives for a greener planet has been taken
hout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day
and we can pass on this legacy to the generations to come. It is high time that the youth becomes
aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such event
I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University
is organizing the event at such a large scale. The conference holds much more significance that it
is being organized in the holy city of Haridwar.
I congratulate the organizer for their hard work and wish them all the best. My blessings
Prof. Swatantra Kumar
It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the International
2012.
reener planet has been taken
hout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day
and we can pass on this legacy to the generations to come. It is high time that the youth becomes
aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such events definitely serves
I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University
is organizing the event at such a large scale. The conference holds much more significance that it
I congratulate the organizer for their hard work and wish them all the best. My blessings
Prof. Swatantra Kumar
Message
As the New Year 2012 unfolds, humanity is faced predicaments on many fronts-the economic
crisis, worldwide declining fish and crop productivity, vanishing resources and above all, an
ecological crisis, most dramatically illustrated by the climate change related disasters that are
taking place around the world. These issues highlight the fact that there can be no other way than
Sustainable Development. Green Technologies have a crucial role to achieve sustainable
development. The field of Green Technology encompasses a continuously evolving group of
methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non toxic cleaning products to
re-use and recycling. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovations and changes
in daily life, of similar magnitude as compared to Information Technology did over the last two
decades.
In this endeavor, engineers and scientists have a special role to play. All developmental activities
invariably lead to environmental degradation. Engineers have to devise ways and means to
overcome them and attain sustainable development. Central Road Research Institute, over the
past few years has been active involved in several such R&D projects like use of waste materials
in road works, Road Traffic and Air Pollution studies in several cities of India which led to the
formulation of auto fuel policy, Green house gas emission inventory for Transport sector in India
etc. More and more such efforts are required to improve our environment and minimize
pollution. This conference being organized by Gurukul Kangri University is a right step in that
direction.
I convey my best wishes for the successful conduct of the International Conference on Green
Technologies at Gurukul Kangri University.
S. Gangopadhyay
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I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is
organizing the International Conference on Green Technologies
Rehabilitation -2012.
The expectation in the field of Green technologies is enormous
will bring many changes and innovation in our daily life. Terms like Green chemistry, Green
nanotechnology, Green buildings etc have become common words nowadays. Not only this, its
the need of the hour to undertake
high time that we take these issues seriously
I appreciate the efforts made by Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Dean F
Technology for his efforts in hosting an event at an
I also congratulate the organizers
wish them success.
Message
I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is
International Conference on Green Technologies
expectation in the field of Green technologies is enormous. If steered in the right direction
will bring many changes and innovation in our daily life. Terms like Green chemistry, Green
nanotechnology, Green buildings etc have become common words nowadays. Not only this, its
the need of the hour to undertake measures to replenish the damage done to the environment. It is
these issues seriously.
I appreciate the efforts made by Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Dean Faculty of
for his efforts in hosting an event at an International level.
rganizers of the conference for their dedicated efforts and enthusiasm. I
I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental
. If steered in the right direction it
will bring many changes and innovation in our daily life. Terms like Green chemistry, Green
nanotechnology, Green buildings etc have become common words nowadays. Not only this, its
measures to replenish the damage done to the environment. It is
aculty of Engineering and
cated efforts and enthusiasm. I
Prof. A.K. Chopra
Message
It is a pleasure to know that the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri
Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar is organizing the International Conference on Green Technologies
for Environmental Rehabilitation -2012 from 11
th
to 13
th
February 2012.
The world is moving on a fast pace. New technologies and innovations make us wonder about
the unlimited possibilities of Science and Technology. In this frantic pace of life we should not
forget that in some way or the other these developments are damaging mother earth and
threatening our own existence. It is our utmost responsibility to preserve nature so that we could
safely hand it over to the next generations. It is time we give a serious thought to address the
issues like Green Technologies and environmental rehabilitation.
I am confident that the conference will be beneficial for academicians, researchers and students
from all over the world.
I convey my best wishes to Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Chairman of the conference and appreciate his
efforts for organizing GTER-2012.I once again convey my best wishes to all the staff and
students of FET.
Prof. Virendra Arora
I am pleased to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri
University is organizing the
Environmental Rehabilitation
Taking care of the environment is a new challenge which we face and congregations like
this helps in spreading awareness about these issues. Not only this, the researchers and
academicians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand
the significance of these environment related issues.
The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of
Haridwar.I wish the conference every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually
stimulating stay.
Message
to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri
University is organizing the International Conference on Green Technologies for
Environmental Rehabilitation -2012
Taking care of the environment is a new challenge which we face and congregations like
this helps in spreading awareness about these issues. Not only this, the researchers and
cians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand
the significance of these environment related issues.
The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of
ence every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually
to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri
Conference on Green Technologies for
Taking care of the environment is a new challenge which we face and congregations like
this helps in spreading awareness about these issues. Not only this, the researchers and
cians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand
The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of
ence every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually
Prof. Rajendra Misra
Message from Conveners Desk
It is a matter of great proud for all of us at the Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Gurukul Kangi Vishwavidyalay to hold an International Conference Green Technology for
Environmental Rehabilitation-2012.
As per the recent report by the World Economic and Social Survey 2011 titled The
Great Green Technological Transformation," published by the United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs ,humanity is near to breaching the sustainability of Earth, and needs
a technological revolution greater and faster than the industrial revolution to avoid a major
planetary catastrophe. This calls for huge investments and proactive involvement of the
intellectual fraternity. Also the United Nations Environment Program is also involved in active
environmental rehabilitation activities. Keeping in view all these issues, it is a matter of
paramount importance to address such issues on an International platform. GTER-2012 is a step
in the right direction.
We hope that this conference will be a confluence of people from diverse streams who
will share their research work and ideas to make this planet greener and a gift to the future
generations. We welcome all the eminent persons and participants with open arms and wish them
a pleasant stay in the holy city of Haridwar!
Vipul Sharma
Convener
Technical Session &Publication Committee
Professor K. S. Gupta Atmospheric Chemistry Lab
DST Emeritus Scientist Department of Chemistry
University of Rajasthan
Jaipur-502004
Editorial
The primary function of Universities/Institutions of Higher Learning is, in general, to
create, to impart and to disseminate knowledge. The Conferences, Seminars, Symposia and
Workshops provide live forums for presentation & demonstration of recent findings and
interactive in-depth discussion, critical examination and new insight on these. In furtherance of
this, The International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
(GTER-2012) provides such an opportunity.
It is indeed gratifying to note that the GTER-2012 has received tremendous response
from national and international scientific community, as is obvious from the large number of
papers received. During the Conference, more than 15 Keynote Addresses & 41 Invited Lectures
are to be delivered, 124 papers are to be presented and 295 poster are to be displayed in six
thematic sections, viz., Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Environmental Science &
Technology, Nano Science & Technology, Plant & Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Physical/Chemical Technologies.
Interestingly, newer findings in both emerging and well established areas are the focus of
many presentations encompassing topics from nano particles to macromolecules and from
environmental pollution to engineering materials.
The Members of Editorial Board have been of tremendous help in compiling this Book of
Abstracts and giving it a beautiful size and shape.
Prof. K. S Gupta
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International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
i
DETAILED PROGRAMME OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS
PLENARY LECTURES, KEYNOTES, INVITED LECTURES AND ORAL
PRESENTATIONS
Plenary Lectures Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 12:45 PM-01:30 PM
P-1: Excitement in Radiation Research Jai Pal Mittal
Venue: New Seminar Hall
P-2: Challenges before Green Technologies Development R. K. Soni
Venue: Hall-102
P-3: The Myth and Engineering of Electromagnetic Radiation effect on
Human
S. S. Pattnaik
Venue: Old Seminar Hall
Theme: Environmental Science and Technology
Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. A. P. Gupta
Prof. Pratibha Sharma
KN-1:A Capillary Tube Model for eco-friendly Narm of Propane (hc290)
and Isobutane (hc600a)
A. K. Ahluwalia and
A. K. Saluja
IL-1:Pollution Abatement through Waste Utilization in Building
Materials
Manjit Singh
IL: Illegal Wildlife Trade in India-A harsh reality to know
S K Sagar
IL:Green Technologies The Global Challenges H. R. P. Yadav
OP-1:Biomass and Biogas for Sustainable Energy Generation: Recent
Development and Perspectives
Abdeen Omer
OP-2:Some Plants Used as Fish Toxin in Bhagirathi River
Antima Sharma, L. R Dangwal,
Tajinder Singh and Amandeep
Singh
OP-3:Air Pollution Assessment Before and After Metro Rail in Delhi
Basavaraja
and Puttaih
OP-4:Identification of Bird hit samples through Feather Keratin
Electrophoresis
Chinmay Joshi
OP-5:Genetically Modified Microorganism and Eco-friendly Biomass
Energy
Dayadhar Dikshit
OP-6:Effect on diesel engine emissions with application of biodiesel fuel Sachin Kumar,Debasish Das,
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
ii
M. K. Pathak and A. K. Saini
OP-7:Comparative Study of Indoor Radon and its Progeny in Dwellings
Around Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, India and its
Neighbouring Regions
Meena Mishra,
Rajendra Prasad, Shiva Sukula
and V. K Rastogi
OP-8:Assessment of Physico-chemical parameters of river Ganga at
Haridwar for ascertaining its suitability for drinking purposes
Monika Tyagi
OP-9:Ground water Management using Remote Sensing Data: a Case
study
Neha Singh and S. K. Yadav
Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. A. K. Ahluwalia
Prof. Prem Raj
KN-2:Atmospheric oxidants, their reactions with acid rain precursors and
Green technologies for control of pollutants emission
K. S. Gupta
IL-2:Regulatory Framework For Safe Management Of Hazardous
Chemicals
R. K. Suri
IL-3:Role Of Industry And Non-Governmental Organizations In
Enviornmental Protection & Improvement
R. K. Suri and M. Subba Rao
IL-4:Greener Alternatives to Radiolabeling Fluorescent Colorants in
bio-analytical techniques
N. Sekar
IL-5:Assessment Of Land Contamination Based On Sediment
Geochemistry And Dispersion Pattern Of Heavy Metals In The
Intermontane Pinjaur Dun, Sub-Himalaya
N. K Saini, K. K. Purohit and
P. P. Khanna
Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. K. S. Gupta
Prof. A. K. Pant
KN-3:Essentials of Green Technology: Seven Ws of Going Green
Rajesh Chandra Verma
IL-6:Global water challenges with reference to Arsenic contamination
and mitigation approach
Ram Gopal
IL-7:Biological marker for assessing metal body burden of workers
Prone to hazards of metal in their work environment
Rita Mehra
IL-8:Green Technology: Business Opportunity of Global Climate
Change
Anurag Singh and V. K. Singh
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
iii
OP-10:Groundwater Contamination Due to Municipal Solid Waste
Disposal at Delhi, India
Nitin Kamboj
OP-11:Atmospheric biopollutants of fungal origin in different
educational institute and their allergenic behavior
Padma Singh,
Priyanka Chaudhary and Raina
OP-12:Green Technology versus Gene technology Padma Singh, Deepika,Priyanka
and Bhavya
Session: 4 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. A. K. Chopra
Dr. R. K. Suri
OP-13:Disinfected water for Millions and Development of the low cost
Solar Devices for Household Drying
Pramod V. Pathak
OP-14:Bio-Diesel as Future Fuel for Automotive Vehicles
Pulkit Jain
OP-15:Green Marketing: Environmentally Responsible way of
Marketing
Rajat Agrawal and
Vishnu Nath
OP-16:Electrochemical degradation of Adsorable Organic Halides from
paper industry effluents
Rajni Sharma, Satish Kumar
and
Chhaya Sharma
OP-17:Soil Fertility Management using Spatial Technologies: A Case
study
Ritu Nagdev and S K Yadav
OP-18:Treatment of wastewater by natural aquatic plants systems; a
review
Satya Narain, S. K. Mishra,
C. S. P. Ojha and U. C. Chaube
OP-19:Different Species Based Bio-Diesel Production Sustainability:
Scope in Developing Countries
S. K. Yadav
OP-20:Electromagnetic wave Impacts on Functional Ecosystem: Some
Important Issues
S. K. Yadav
OP-21:Adsorptive Removal of a Hazardous Dye Tartrazine from Water
and Wastewater by Activated Gram Husk
Rajeev Jain and
Shalini Sikarwar
OP-22:Assessment of Underground Water Contamination In and Around Shobha Gupta, Ranjana Dixit
and Ravindra Kumar Sharma
Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. J. P. Mittal
Dr. N. R. Munirathnam
IL: House gas emissions from Hydropower Reservoirs M. P. Sharma
IL: GC-MS: A unique Analytical Technique A. P. Gupta
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
iv
OP-23:A survey along the upstream Ganga canal identifying the number
of drains and bathing ghats at Haridwar prior to Kumbh-2010 and
assessing the water quality during Kumbh on the same stretch.
Vandana Sati and Namita Joshi
OP-24:Waste Water Treatment Using Plant Material Vimla Yadav, Neetu Raina, and
Rita Yadav
OP-25:A comparison of the breeding biology of the Oriental Magpie
Robin (Copsychus saularis) between tree cavities and nest boxes
Vinaya Kumar Sethi and
Dinesh Bhatt
OP-26:Biodiversity and Its Economical Significance Vipul Bhatt
OP-27:The inhibition of atmospheric autoxidation of aqueous sulfur
dioxide by volatile organic compounds(VOCs)
Yogpal Dhayal,
C. P. S. Chandel
and K. S. Gupta
OP-28:Assessment of Impact of Various activities on Physico-chemical
water quality of the Pond of Rajnagar (Khajuraho) along with
pollution study of drains joining to the Pond
J. S. Parihar, L. N. Gupta,
S. P. Parihar and G. S. Gupta
OP-29:Improve mental health, Control diseases and save Environment
by the Cultivation of Ornamental and fragranted flowering Plants
in India
S. R. Katiyar and Archana
OP-30:Efficiency of Aspergillus fumigatus for decolourization and
detoxification of Pulp and Paper mill effluent
A. K. Chopra and
Pushpendra Pal Singh
OP-31:Bioavailability of metallic contents in agricultural soil affected by
waste water at Dehradun city
Chakresh Pathak and
A. K. Chopra
OP-32:Electrochemical treatment of secondarily treated sewage-
wastewater
A. K. Chopra and
Arun Kumar Sharma
Theme: Engineering and Mathematical Sciences
Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-4:30 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. H. S. Dhami
Prof. S. K. Kak
KN-4:New approaches in photovoltaic solar cells
Bernab Mar Soucase
IL-10:Conducting Polymer Composites based Supercapacitors as Green
Energy Storage Devices
Ashok K. Sharma
OP-33:Effect of Electric field on Swelling and Controlled Drug
Loading Characteristic of Anionic Hydrogels Based on PEG-b-Poly
(NIPAM-co-AMPS)
A. K. Saikia, Saroj Aggarwal,
Harjeet Singh, S. P. Sharma and
U. K. Mandal
OP-34:Preparation and Characterization of Bi based Ternary oxide
Systems
Anoopshi Johari
and
Anima Johari
OP-35:A Novel Multi-objective Approach for Planning of DGs in Bindeshwar Singh, K. S. Verma,
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
v
Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Old Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. B. M. Soucase
Dr. S. C. Gupta
Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. Venko Beschkov
Prof. K. Rajanna
Emerging Power Systems
Deependra Singh and S. N.Singh
OP-36:Developing an Artificial Intelligence learning technique based
PROLOG application for finding optimal solution of TSP problem
Garima Krishna and
Khaliqur Rehman Ansari
OP-37:Bio-Thermal Effect Due to Radiation from Broadcasting
Antenna
Hemendra Tripathi,
Devendra Singh
,
Shivani Avasthi
and
P. P. Pathak
OP38:Production of biogas and other products by utilizing waste
glycerol
Venko Beschkov and
Ivan Angelov
OP-39:Green Approach towards ICT and Cloud Computing Mahendra Singh Aswal and
Vinod Kumar
OP-40:On Semi-Projective Modules
Manoj Kumar Patel
KN-5:Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent chromium, Mercury, PBB and
PBDEs determination in Indian electronic gadgets and their RoHS
compliance
N. R. Munirathnam, Ch. Appala
Naidu, K. Ramaswamy,
B. Mahender,R. Govindiah,
Ch. Sudheer, M. R. P. Reddy,
Sandip Chatterjee and
T. L. Prakash
IL-11:Role of fractals in modelling the natural objects
Bhagwati Prasad
IL-12:Problem of Locating Mobile Agents in the Global Network and
proposed Solutions
Heman Pathak
IL-13:Thin Film based Sensors and MEMS
K. Rajanna
IL-14:Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE): A overview
Manis Kumar Jha,
Archana Kumari, Vinay Kumar
and Jae-chun Lee
KN-6:New Generation of Materials for More Efficient Solar Energy
Use:Quantum Modeling and Experimental Realizations
P. Wahnn, P. Palacios,
I. Aguilera, Y. Seminovski,
J. C. Conesa, R. Lucena
and F. Fresno
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
vi
Session: 4 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. A. K. De
Prof. H R P Yadav
IL-15:Innovative use of waste materials in road works-different aspects
R. K. Swami and Uma Arun
IL-16:Europium activated oxides - Alternative Red phosphors for
energy efficient solid state lighting
V. Sivakumar and
U. V. Varadaraju
OP-41:Comparative study of the Thermal performance of Flat Plate
Solar Air Heater for different Models
Naveen Sharma, Promila and
Sunil
OP-42:Recent Development and Application of Anticorrosive Paints
N. Srivastva, A. Mehrotra
and
M. G. H. Zaidi
OP-43:Technology capacity building for E-waste ecycling:A comparison
between the technology used by formal and informal sectors
Sirajuddin Ahmed,Mohammed
Shakeel
and
Rashmi Makkar Panwar
OP-44:Thermal Conductivity of Quantum Well Richa Saini
OP-45:A Study of Some Weaker forms of Commuting maps in fuzzy
Metric Spaces
Ritu Arora
KN-7:Microbial Denitrification Stimulated By Constant Electric Field Venko N. Beschkov
OP-46:Smart Transport System Sukhbir Singh Sandhu
OP-47:An Analytical Method to Calculate Cost based on Design
Structure Matrix for Unplanned tasks
Sachin Kumar Saxena and
Garima Krishna
OP-48:A Review on the Fuel Cells Development
Sanjay L. Bhagat, V. S. Sapkal,
Manesh B. Patil and R. S.Sapkal
OP-49:Earth Architecture-Superadobe Construction System
Shanthi Sri Kuppa and
S. Ramya Sri
OP-50:Role of Ions and Electric field on Nucleation Rate in Water
Vapour Condensation
Shivani Avasthi,
Hemendra Tripathi
and
P. P. Pathak
OP-51:A review of the Cognitive Radio network paradigm
Anuj kumar Sharma,
Vipul Sharma and Shiv K. Singh
OP-52:Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Metrics and
Communication Strategies
Tarun Dubey and O.P.Sahu
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
vii
Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Old Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. S. S. Pattnaik
Prof. Heman Pathak
OP-53:Green Computing
Shubhi Agarwal
OP-54:Green Computing Vertika Joshi
OP-55:Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Collector
Technology: A Review
V. V. Tyagi and N. A. Rahim
OP-56:Electrochemical Treatment of Pesticide Effluent Using Rotating
Disc Electrode
P. Vinoth Prabu, R. Palani, and
N. Balasubramanian
OP-57:Experimental study of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle
using the exergy approach
S. Anand, A. Gupta, I. Roy and
S. K. Tyagi
OP-58:Performance evaluation of different types of cook stoves using
energy and exergy analyses
A. K. Pandey, V. Bajala.
S. Sahu, J. P. S. Rajput and
S. K. Tyagi
OP-59:Recycling of valuable metals from electronic waste using
physical beneficiation techniques
Vinod Kumar, Jae-chun Lee,
Jinki Jeong and Doyun Shin
OP-60:Enhancement of Performance Parameters of Three Phase
Induction Motor by Current Source Inverter: An overview and key
issues
Shah Alam Malik , S. K. Sinha,
Bindeshwar Singh , Deependra
Singh, Ankit Kr. Pandey and
Vikas Shukla
OP-61:Mitigation of power quality problems by facts controllers in an
integrated power system: a comprehensive survey
Bindeshwar Singh,
Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar
OP-62:Multi agent-based decentralized knowledge discovery and agent
security: a review
Aman Kumar
and Shiv K. Singh
OP-63:A three dimensional Mathematical Model for atomospheric
dispersion of Toxic Pollutants
Ajendra Kumar and
Virendra Arora
OP-64:A Miniaturised antenna inspired by Metamaterials
Nitin Kumar, Nazia Hasan,
S. C. Gupta and Vipul Sharma
OP-65:Green Computing for Greener Organization
Suyash Bhardwaj and
Poornima Tyagi
OP-66:A BFO Optimized FDTD and Its Application for Skin Cancer
Detection
Vipul Sharma, S. S. Pattnaik,
S. Devi and Tanuj Garg
OP-67:Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Its Applications: A
Selective Review
Vipul Sharma, S. S. Pattnaik,
S. Devi
and Tanuj Garg
OP-68:Adaptive Noise Canceller as a Fetal Electrocardiogram
Extraction Technique
Gorav Kumar Malik,
Vivek Kumar and
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
viii
Theme: Physical/Chemical Technologies
Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. H. P. Tiwari
Dr. V. Siva kumar
KN-8:Green Chemistry: Domino, Microwave Assisted and
Photochemical Routes to Some Biologically Active Molecules and
Molecular Scaffolds
M. P. S. Ishar
IL-19: My experiments with aniline
Gurdeep Singh
IL-18:Green Chemistry in Academic Laboratory
Asmita Gajbhiye, and
Shailendra Patil
OP-69:Lead Free Polymers in India
R. K. Soni and Anjali Verma
OP-70:Antimony (III) Adsorption on montmorillonite and modified
montmorillonite: a study on Sorption Kinetics
Ansar Anjum and Monika Datta
OP-71: A Variational Theory of the Ground State of Manganites
exhibiting colossal Magnetoresistance
S. Panwar , P. Dua,
A. Chaudhary and R. Kumar
OP-72:Synthesis of privileged template of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-
benzodiazepine containing an Isoxazole and Pyrazole nucleus on its
2-position linked through an Oxyphenyl spacer
Anshu Agarwal, Vandana
Singh, Meenakshi Sharma and
D. Kishore
OP-73:A Comparative Investigation on Adsorption Performances of
Mesoporous Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Rubber Tire
and Activated Carbon for a Hazardous Azo Dye- Acid Blue 113
V. K. Gupta
and Arunima
Nayak
Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. Ashok K. Prasad
Prof. Chitra Pandey
KN-9:Future of solar technologies: Is electrochemistry the answer?
Anura P. Samantilleke
IL-20:Fourier Transform Raman Spectrum of Biomolecule: 2-Thiouracil M. A. Palafox, Sunil Panwar,
Devendra Singh,Chatar Singh,
R. P. Tanwar
and V. K. Rastogi
IL-21:Use of Iron (III & VI) for various end applications
P. K. Tandon
IL-22:Microgram Determination of toxic aromatic amines - A new
method for estimation of p-toluidine
Prabha Singh
Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Ashish nainwal
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
ix
Chairs: Prof. R. S. Chaudhary
Prof. Ashok K. Sharma
IL-23:Catalytic Role of Gemini Surfactants on the Ninhydrin Amino
Acid/ Peptide Reactions
kabir-ud-din
IL-24:Phase Transfer Catalysis Strategy to Synthesize and Explore
QSAR Model of 3-methyl-4-(8-(2-methylprop-1-enylidene)-6-oxo-
3-aryl-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-purin-7-yl) isoxazol-5(4H)-one as
Potential Antibacterial Agents
Pratibha Sharma, Ashok Kumar
and Prabal Bandyopadhyay
IL-25:A Greener Approach to Todays Toxic World: Chelation &
Microwave technology
A. P. Mishra
IL-26:Green Chemistry: Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis
Ashok K. Yadav
IL-27:Electrochemical incineration of human wastes in confined spaces:
A concept of Green Technology
D. K. Sharma
OP-74:Applications of Biodegradable Polymers in Biomedical Sciences
Ashish Pandey, Balwant Singh
Rawat, Vipin Kumar Sharma,
Prashant Y. Mali and
Navneet Garud
OP-78:A Green Route for the Degradation of Dyes using Ammonium
Phosphomolybdate
Deepa Sachdeva
Session: 4 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. M. P. S. Ishar
Prof. K. C. Singh
IL-28:Density Functional Theory Calculations and Vibrational Spectral
Analysis of Biomolecule:6-azathymine
Satendra Kumar,
V. Bena Jyothy, Hubert Joe,
M. A. Palafox and V. K Rastogi
IL-29:Photosensitizing Efficacy of Benzoporphyrin Derivatives
M. P. Dobhal
IL-30:Search Green Solvents for the Future
Amalendu Pal
OP-75:Spectroscopic and volumetric studies for binary mixtures of ionic
liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) with
alkoxyalkanols at T= (288.15 to 318.15) K
Amalendu Pal and
Bhupinder Kumar
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
x
Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. Monika Datta
Prof. Anura P.Samantilleke
OP-76:Synthesis, In-vivo and In-silico anti inflammatory studies of
substituted fluoro pyrazole
Chandra P. Singh,Zubair Ahmad
and Sandeep Kumar
OP-77:Electrochemical Determination of Piracetum by Adsorptive
Stripping Voltammetry in Pharmaceutical Products and Urine
Sample
Krishna Kumar Jhankal,
Santosh Kumar Joram and
D. K. Sharma
OP-79:Synthesis, structure and characterization of novel di-
oxomolybdenum(VI) complexes having thenil as precursor molecule
Devendra Pratap Rao
OP-80:Synthesis And Chacterization Of Co(Il) Complexes With A New
Azamacrocyclic Ligand With Pendent Arms
Sulekh Chandra, Anupma,
Ranjana dubey
and Garima
pandey
OP-81:Preperation , Characterization and Properties Cross-linked
Guar-Gum/Poly(vinylalcohol) based Films
A. P. Gupta and Gopal arora
OP-82:Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of various
substituted oxo,thiazolidine/oxoazetidine derivatives.
Jagmohan Singh Negi and
Harshvardhan Pant
OP-83:Role of Biebrich Scarlet as a photosensitizing material in
Photogalvanic cell conversion of solar energy into electrical energy
K. R. Genwa and C. P. Sagar
OP-84:Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate
precipitation tube (CoSPT) as adsorbent
D. Chongder, K. Parmar,
S. Bhattacharjee and
N. R. Bandyopadhya
OP-85:Thermal, spectral and antimicrobial studies of some transition
metal complexes derived from bidentate ligands containing N and S
donor atoms
Kiran Singh, Yogender Kumar
and Parvesh Puri
OP-86:Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Salvadora persica
against dental pathogens.
Sanjay, Navneet, Prabhat and
M. M. Tiwari
OP-87:Landfill Gas Processing through Absorption in Alkanolamine
Sanjeev Maken, Ankur Gaur
and Jin-Won Park
Session: 6 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. K. S.Dhindsa
Dr. Prabha Singh
OP-88:Spectroscopic and Antifungal studies of Terephthalamide and its
complex with Lanthanum Nitrate
R. K. Soni and
Manisha Bhardwaj
OP-89:Novel Strategies to the Facile one pot Synthetic entry of Isoxazole
to the Indolin-2-One Nucleus
Meenakshi Sharma,
Anshu Agarwal, Vandana Singh
and D. Kishore
OP-90:Ecofriendly UV Curing Technology Meenu Teotia and
R. K. Soni
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
xi
OP-91:Synthesis Of Some Substituted Indoles As Antiviral Agent
Murali Manohar Tiwari
OP-92:Zirconyl nitrate catalyzed: solvent-free synthesis of 2-
aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles
Parvin Kumar, Dinesh Kumar
and Ramesh C. Kamboj
OP-93:Volumetric and viscometric studies on N-N dimethyl acetamide
methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol & n- propyl alcohol binary mixture at
303.15 K
A. G. Peshwe and B. R. Arbad
OP-94:Effect of UV Irradiation in vitro on organic Constituents of
human Exoskleton in Different Age Groups
Poonam Mathur,
A. K. Sinha and Ashok kumar
OP-95:Oxidation Studies of Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols by
Imidazolium Fluorochromate: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach
Deepika Sharma and
Pradeep K. Sharma
OP-96:The Chemistry of , -Ditosyloxy Ketones: New and Convenient
Route for the Synthesis of 4,5-Diarylisoxazoles from ,-Chalcone
Ditosylates
Raj Kamal, Deepak Sharma,
Deepak Wadhwa, and
Om Prakash
OP-97:Studies on Development of biodegradable formulation of natural
rubber latex
S. N. Mishra and R. K. Soni
OP-98:Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Complex relevant
to Green Chemistry
Seema Baniwal, Suresh kumar
and H. V. Pant
OP-99:TLC Enantioresolution of () Naproxen on -Cyclodextrin
Impregnated Silica Gel Layers
Shalini Joshi, Amrita Sharma
and M. S. M. Rawat
Session: 7 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 12:15 AM-01:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. Venko Beschkov
Prof. Kabir-ud-din
OP-100:Effect of Organic and In-organic nutrients on the herbage yield
and chemical composition of the volatile oil of Matricaria
chamomilla L
M. M. Nadim and Shamim Ajaz
OP-101:pHmetric Titration: A Green Approach
Shilpa Jain and Monika Datta
OP-102:Highly Efficient one POT, Solid Phase Synthesis of Aurones at
room temperature
Suresh Kumar and
J. K. Makrandi
OP-103:H
+
, Zn
++
and Cd
++
modified forms of ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y as
Catalyst for synthesis of fine chemical
S.Dheeraj, Nandanvankar
H. V.
and U. D. Joshi
OP-104:Development of an Elegant Protocol to the Incorporation of
Privileged Nucleus of 1, 5-Benzodiazepine to the s-Triazine
Framework Through an Aminomethyl Piperidone Bridge
Vandana Singh,
Meenakshi Sharma,
Anshu Agarwal and D. kishore
OP-105: Isolation of astragalin , a flavonol glucoside, from the stem of
nyctanthes arbor-tristis linn.
Rachna Jain
and Mridula Mittal
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
xii
OP-106: Voltametric redox patterns of some biorelevant sulfonamide
azomethines
Rajeev Jain, A. K. Halve,
Rachana Kathal, Pradeep Soni
and Amit Kankoriya.
OP-107:Annealing Effect on Structural, Transport and Optical
Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films
L. P. Purohit, Vinod Kumar and
R.Kumar
Theme: Nanoscience and Technology
Session: 1 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. H. P. Tiwari
Prof. S. P. Ojha
KN-10:Clay Polymer Nanocomposites: A Novel Material for Oral
Sustained Drug Delivery System
Monika Datta
KN-11:Study of titania films with highly ordered spherical/macroporous
micro-nano structure and their photocatalytic activity
Weijie Liu and Haining Cui
IL-31:Bioinspired Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis and their
Applications in Imaging, Diagnosis and Therapeutics
Absar Ahmad
IL-32:Self-Assembled Monolayers As A Form Of Bio-Nano
Technology Formation, Characterization and Applications
R. S. Chaudhary
OP-108:Development of Activated Nanoporous Carbons from
Agricultural Solid Wastes and Applications to the
Removal and Recovery of Organics and Inorganics from Water
Adsorption Dynamics
Chinnaiya Namasivayam
OP-109:Clay based nanopigments as multifunctional colorants
Manpreet Kaur and
Monika Datta
OP-110:Toxicological Aspects of Nanoparticles
R. K. Soni and Priyanka Arora
OP-111:Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of BaZrO
3
: Eu
nanophosphors
V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar and
Sheetal
Pharmaceutical and Plant Sciences
Session: 1 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Hall: 102
Chairs: Dr. Dinesh Sachdeva
Prof. M.A.Abdullah
KN-12:Impact of Environment on Chemical Profile of Himalayan
Traditional Medicinal Flora
C. S. Mathela
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
xiii
IL-33:Biologically active coumarins and their lanthanide(III) complexes Irena Kostova, R. K. Soni and
R. D Kaushik
IL-34:An Avenue for Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products Via
Selective Nucleophilic Reactions on -diketones
Pahup Singh
IL: Environment Friendly Processes for the Synthesis of
Pharmaceutically important compounds
Ashok K. Prasad
OP-112:Design Synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of
Thiosemicarbazones
A. K. Halve and
Jitendra Kumar Gupta
Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: Hall: 102
Chairs: Prof. C. S. Mathela
Prof. M. S. M. Rawat
KN-13:Characterization of Biomaterials from Ceiba pentandra and Oil
Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
M. S. Nazir, M. Afzaal,
N. A. Jumat, B. A. Wahjoedi
and M. A. Abdullah
KN-14:Electroanalytical Behaviour of Pharmaceuticals in Solubilized
Systems
Rajeev Jain
IL-35:Natural Products and botanical Pesticides: A Green option Anil K. Pant
IL-36:Chemodiversity: A reflection on the rich biodiversity of the
Himalayas
Chitra pande
IL-37:Studies on Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants
R. N. Yadava
OP-113:Pharmacological Activities of the compound isolated from
Murraya koenigii
Abhishek Mathur,
Rita Kashyap, GBKS Prasad,
and V. K. Dua
OP-114:Sustainable Technique for Agriculture
Anamika Srivastava
OP-115:Growth Response of S. Melongena in Three Different
Adsorbents Irrigated With Sugar Mill Effluent
Sangeeta Madan and
Charu Saxena
OP-116:Chemistry, Safety Profile, Pharmacokinetics and Analysis of
Haloperidol in Biological and Water Samples
H. V. Pant, Prashant Singh,
Suresh Kumar and
Seema Baniwal
OP-117:Anticonvulsant activity of N-aryl-2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-
2yl) Acetamides derivative
Kapil Kumar Goel, Anu,
Nidhi Goel Ashwani Kumar
and Peeush Singhal
OP-118:Medicinal , Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of
Plumbago Zeylanica (L.)
Nisha Sharma and
Purshotam Kaushik
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
xiv
Session: 3 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Hall: 102
Chairs: Prof. A. K. Pant
Prof. R. N. Yadav
OP-119:Applications of Polymers for sustained delivery of therapeutics
and biopharmaceuticals
Ramneek Singh
OP-120: Adaptogenic Activity Of The Roots Of Asparagus Racemosus
Willd In Mice
Tanuj Joshi, Negi Deepak and
Khulbe Preeti
OP-121:Antimicrobial Screening and Phytochemical Analysis of
Extracts of Medicinal Plants
Navneet, Prabhat Kumar,
Sanjay and S. S. Gautam
OP-122:Variability in Dendrocalamu Strictus (ROXB.) Nees through
Biochemical Traits
Saira Malik and Sas Biswas
OP-123:Study of mucoadhesive microparticulate drug delivery system
of Isabgol husk for anti-diabetic effect of gliclazide
Vipin K. Sharma,
B. Mazumdar and
Prince P. Sharma
Theme: Science and Technology in Vedic Literature and Indian Philosophy
Session: 1 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall
Chairs: Prof. Mahaveer
Prof. Ramesh Chandra
KN-15 :Physical Chemistry in life and Indian Philosophy
R. D. Kaushik
KN-16:Environmental rehabilitation through traditional Indian practices
S. P. Ojha
IL-38: iiiiiiti -i iiii -iiiiii i:iiiiiiiii
-i-i i-ii
IL-39: ii -i -iiiii i-i-i-i
iii i-ii-iiiii
IL-40: .|. .++ |., . ! || ~.~ . |
.|
|.rn. r|
IL-41: .. +.- | n .
.. 1
OP-124:Green Buildings: A Vedic Approach
Suyash Bhardwaj and
Murli Manohar Tiwari
OP: Vatavaran Shuddhi Me Vedic Drishti Sudhir Kumar
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
xv
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 04:30 PM-06:00PM Venue: Hall: 205
Chairs: Prof. S. P. Khatkar
Dr. R. K. Swami
PP-01 to PP-60
Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 04:30 PM-06:00PM Venue: Hall: 205
Chairs: Prof. Sanjeev Makan
Dr. Rita Mehra
PP-61 to PP-120
Session: 3 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-09:30AM Venue: Hall: 205
Chairs: Dr. M. K. Jha
Dr. S. Tyagi
PP-121 to PP-180
Session: 4 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-11:30AM Venue: Hall: 205
Chairs: Prof. Kabir-ud-din
Dr. D. P. Singh
PP-181 to PP-240
Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 12:00 PM-01:30PM Venue: Hall: 205
Chairs: Dr. Ashok Kumar
Dr. Subba Rao
PP-241 onwards and Late Poster presentations
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
1
P-1: Excitement in Radiation Research
Jai Pal Mittal
M. N. Saha Distinguished Fellow, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharastra, India
[email protected]
Challenges and excitement of studying unique chemical transformations on blending of High Energy Photons
(energy~1MeV) with chemical compounds will be shared. Efforts to study the reactivity of transient reactive
species such as e
-
aq
, H. atom and OH free radicals with molecules of biological interest with ultra Fast
Spectroscopic techniques such as Pulse Radiolysis will be presented. Recent studies in pico to femtosecond
time scale will be discussed, with their relevance to problems of societal interest.
P-2: Challenges before Green Technologies Development
R. K. Soni
Head, Department of Chemistry, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
[email protected]
Technology development and transfer to an industry is a big challenge for academic institutions. The attempts
are being made worldwide to develop the green technologies with minimum pollution, having potential for
recycling and derived from renewable resources. In the present paper different aspects of technology
development and transfer to industry are discussed. The stages of technology development have been described
and the different factors such as environmental, quality management, resources utilization and time management
have been discussed.
P-3: The Myth and Engineering of Electromagnetic Radition Effect on Human
S. S. Pattnaik
Educational Television Department
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research
Chandigarh, India
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
KN-1: A Capillary Tube Model for eco-friendly Narm of
Propane (hc290) and Isobutane (hc600a)
A. K. Ahluwalia and A. K. Saluja
G. B. Pant engineering college and polytechnic, New Delhi, India
Sachdeva institute of technology Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
The Montreal Protocol recommended the ban on the use of Chlorofluoro Carbons (CFC) because of high Ozone
Depletion Potential (ODP) and high Global Warming Potential. So, in Refrigeration systems CFC12 was
replaced by Hydrofluoro Carbon, HFC134a which has zero ODP value because of no chlorine atom but due to
its high GWP value (1300), it is also under replacement list by Kyoto Protocol. In the recent years, a Non
Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixture (NARM) of Propane (HC290) and Isobutane (HC600a) is considered to be a
prominent substitute of CFC12 and HFC134a because of zero ODP and very low GWP (4 and 7). In this paper,
a model is developed to study the performance of adiabatic capillary tube in domestic refrigeration system using
vapour compression cycle with NARM of Propane (HC290) and Isobutane (HC600a). This model is based on
Stoecker's basic model which depends on fundamental equations of conservation of mass, energy and
momentum. The model also uses well-established empirical correlations for friction factors. The results of the
proposed model are compared with the existing experimental data over a range of operating conditions. This
model is used to analyse the effect of various parameters like capillary tube diameter, mass flow rate, condenser
temperature and subcooling on the length of capillary tube with CFC12, alternative HFC134a and eco-friendly
NARM of HC290/HC600a having compositions 50/50, 55/45, 60/40 and 65/35 by mass.
KN-2: Atmospheric oxidants, their reactions with acid rain precursors and Green
Technologies for control of pollutants emission
K. S. Gupta
DST Emeritus Scientist, Atmospheric Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Our atmosphere is basically oxidizing and the important major atmospheric oxidants are radicals such as OH,
HO
2
, RO
2
, NO
3
and molecules such as O
3
, O
2
, H
2
O
2
. The photochemical dissociation of NO
2
is the key reaction
and responsible for the formation of oxidants, OH, HO
2
, RO
2
, O
3
, H
2
O
2
, NO
3
, etc. The atmospheric oxidation of
sulfur dioxide/ NO
x
in the gas phase and the oxidation by O
2
, O
3
, and H
2
O
2
in the aqueous phase is the major
cause of acidification of atmospheric waters and thereby of acid rain. The oxidation by oxygen, i. e.,
autoxidation is slow but it is catalyzed by trace metal ions, such as Fe(II/III), Mn(II) and Cu((II), present as
impurities in atmospheric waters. The aqueous phase SO
2
oxidation is greatly influenced by the presence of
NH
3
, VOCs and PAHs.An overview of the acid forming atmospheric reactions shall be discussed and green
technologies for control of pollutants shall be outlined.
KN-3: Essentials of Green Technology: Seven Ws of Going Green
Rajesh Chandra Verma
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, Tel Bhavan, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
What is Green Technology: Application of the Environmental sciences to conserve the natural
environment and resources.
Why is it required :
To preserve diminishing resources : if the worlds natural resources are distributed, people
in 2050 will only have 25% of the resources per capita that people in 1950 had.
To protect the environment by controlling Global warming
When : Why it is the high time right now
Global environmental Scenario
Where are we now and where are we heading to
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
3
Who are involved in the process:
Entire humanity
Role of Business organisations with the rising energy costs and the threat of global warming,
all businesses are now recognizing the benefits of using technology to reduce their carbon
footprint and minimize waste.
Role of Individuals
How:
Using sustainable building plans i.e. Green buildings
Implementing restrictions on waste
Cut in Carbon emissions to protect our climate system.
Use renewable energy
Conserve water
Recycle materials
Curb Pollution Through Sensible Regulation
Preventing Further Environmental Destruction
Where is it required most
World Carbon foot print profile
We, the Global Citizens : Role, Responsibilities and Challenges ahead
ONGCs participation in the Green Movement: Milestones achieved
KN-4: New approaches in photovoltaic solar cells
Bernab Mar Soucase
Departament de Fsica Aplicada, Universitat Politcnica de Valncia, Valncia, Spain
[email protected]
Getting electricity from clean, renewable sources is a necessity in our society that can not be longer extended.
On the one hand there is a growing demand for energy worldwide and on the other hand the progressive
depletion of natural resources and deterioration of the environment of the planet must be stopped. To meet these
challenges energy production systems and in particular photovoltaic (PV) technology has to evolve towards
systems increasingly efficient and inexpensive.
This talk will present new concepts for the development of a new generation of solar cells (SC) able to meet
current and future sustainable energy generation. The new generation of PV solar cells will be based in
approaches involving the use of new materials with high conversion efficiencies and low-cost fabrication
techniques.
Increased conversion efficiencies involve the use of new materials able to host Intermediate Bands (1),
luminescent materials for up and down photon conversion as well as dedicated nanostructures (2). Low-cost
devices require the use of abundant materials and inexpensive fabrication techniques.
Electrodeposition (ED) and Spray Pyrolysis (SP) are well-suited techniques for meeting these purposes. ED is
essentially a non-vacuum approach to fabricate high quality thin-film materials for PV modules that could lower
the manufacturing costs by over 50%. The ED technique offers the most attractive range of benefits leading to
the low cost fabrication of PV cells, such as high rate of deposition, high resolution, high shape fidelity, self
purification, scalability and good compatibility with existing processes. SP adds another cost effective step in
low-cost solar cells because the transparent conducting oxide layers and/or some absorbers can also be
deposited. Both techniques can be implemented on inline PV devices processing through exclusively non-
vacuum techniques. Part of these developments is been implemented under NanoCIS project funded by the FP7
framework of the European Union. This project involves 7 universities across 3 continents
KN-5: Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent chromium, Mercury, PBB and PBDEs
determination in Indian electronic gadgets and their RoHS compliance
N. R. Munirathnam
*
, Ch. Appala Naidu, K. Ramaswamy, B. Mahender, R. Govindiah,
Ch. Sudheer, M. R. P. Reddy, Sandip Chatterjee
1
and T. L. Prakash,
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), IDA, Phase-III, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, India
1
Department of Information Technology, CGO complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
The increased use of electrical and electronic equipments and the high rate of obsolescence of these equipment
lead to an increased generation of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste), which has become a major global
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
4
concern in the last couple of decades. For example, India has increased its sales of one of its electronic gadgets
(mobile phones) alone from 213 million in 2011 to 231 million in 2012, up by 8.5%, when compared to its
previous year sales. India is contributing nearly 12% of worldwide sales of cellular mobile phones. They are
expected to reach 322 million numbers in India by 2015 (The Hindu, Business/Markets, page 16, 22
nd
November 2011). Out of 1000 million mobile phones present in India, 10% of them are expected to become
obsolete every six months, leading to nearly 1500 tonnes of toxic materials generation per year, assuming about
7.5 g of toxic materials is generated in each mobile phone. In this context, it is worthwhile to mention that the
Ministry of Environment and Forest has recently notified E-Waste (Handling and Management) Rules, 2011,
which will become effective from May 2012. This rule is set to assign responsibility to all stakeholders.
Restriction of hazardous substances as per European Directive is to minimize the electronic and electrical waste
which will have limit of restriction of the presence of hazardous substances such has cadmium (Cd) less than
0.1%, lead (Pb) and hexavalent chromium (Cr
+6
), mercury (Hg), poly brominated biphenyls (PPB), poly
brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) less than 0.01% each. In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE), plastic components are important as they contain catalysts, stabilizes, colorants. As most of the
plastics are chemical resistant, it is difficult to bring them in to solution form to analyze. Keeping in view the
large number of such components in the growing market, the controlling mechanism requires simple, accurate
and cheaper analytical methods.
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) is a scientific society under Department of
Information Technology (DIT), Govt. of India, has recently been accreditated as per ISO 17025:2005 by
National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratory (NABL) in the area of chemical analysis of
electronic materials (polymers, metals, etc.) for its stste of the art analytical facility established for first time for
RoHS compliance. In this piece of research work, Electron dispersive x-ray Florescence Spectrometry
(EDXRF), Microwave Digestion System (MDS) assisted Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and AAS
with hydride generator (for Hg analysis only), UV-visible spectrophotometer, Gas Chromatogaphy (GCMS)
techniques were used to estimate the trace toxicity of heavy elements like Pb, Cd, Cr
+6
, Hg and PBBs & PBDEs
in some of the electronic gadgets. In this contribution, typical analyses with spiking studies were carried out.
The RSD% are found to be within the acceptable range including for that of spiked samples. The details of
sample powders preparation, sample dissolution, and analytical procedures, spiking & recovery studies were
also discussed.
KN-6: New Generation of Materials for More Efficient Solar Energy Use:
Quantum Modeling and Experimental Realizations
P. Wahnn
*
, P. Palacios, I. Aguilera, Y. Seminovski, J. C. Conesa
2
, R. Lucena
2
and F. Fresno
2
ETSI Telecomunicacin, Univ. Politcnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Instituto de Catlisis y Petroleoqumica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
[email protected]
The intermediate band (IB) concept has been recently introduced to propose novel photovoltaic solar cell with
enhanced efficiency. To realize this principle we have proposed in recent years, on the basis of quantum
mechanical calculations, several materials where a metal or heavy element substitutes an atom in a known
semiconductor with appropriate band gap, creating inside the band gap a partially filled band. This new
intermediate band, allows the absorption of low energy photons inside the gap increasing the photo-current and
also maintaining the photo-voltage.
We present here compounds derived from different families of chalcogenides semiconductors, mainly
chalcopyrites and spinels thin film and layered compounds:
- Transition metal substituted CuGaS
2
or similar chalcopyrite, where the thermodynamics of formation is seen to
be less disfavourable than e.g. insertion of Mn in GaAs.
- In
2
S
3
and other sulphides containing octahedral In. The V-doped In
2
S
3
material is particularly promising. We
have synthesized it in nanocrystalline form and shown that its optical absorption spectrum has the features
predicted by quantum calculations. Recent photocatalytic tests made with it show that the V dopant extends its
spectral response down to the IR range without increasing recombination.
- Octahedral Sn
IV
sulphide and other similar compounds show also, according to theoretical modeling the
formation of an IB with the desired characteristics when transition metals are introduced at Sn sites. The
experimental synthesis of such sulphide show optical absorption spectra matching again the expectations for an
IB material
5
.
- In Si heavily doped with Ti, the desired IB electronic structure appears if Ti lies at interstitial sites. Such
material has been prepared by ion implantation methods and its electrical properties show uncommon features
explained by the formation of an IB as predicted by the DFT calculations. We also show that substitution of Si
by S or Se, accompanied by hole doping, provides an IB material as well.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
5
An overview of these systems, including results obtained on them using high level, state-of-the-art quantum
calculation methods will be presented. Experimental results obtained for such novel IB materials matching in all
cases the theoretical predictions.
KN-7: Microbial Denitrification Stimulated By Constant Electric Field
Venko N. Beschkov
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia -1113, Bulgaria
[email protected]
Nitrate is one of the most severe pollutants, resulted from industry, agriculture and requiring serious treatment.
It was discovered that microbial denitrification could considerably be enhanced and stimulated by constant
electric field. The nature of this combined effect is still not sufficiently clear. On the other hand this process of
treatment could be applied as energy producing one, with electric power generation in microbial fuel cell
operation on nitrate reduction by organic pollutants. The present review considers the last achievements and the
problems in bio-electrochemical water denitrification and perspectives for microbial fuel cell operation based on
this process
KN-8: Green Chemistry: Domino, Microwave Assisted and Photochemical Routes to
Some Biologically Active Molecules and Molecular Scaffolds
M. P. S. Ishar
Vicechancellor, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
[email protected]
The paradigm of Green chemistry encompasses all those approaches, which are aimed at minimizing and
eliminating the use, and generation of hazardous chemicals. This necessitates the development of
environmentally benign chemical products and processes, which requires an understanding of the fate and
pharmacological effects of xenobiotics, including environmental pharmacokinetics. The green methodology
requires development of atom economic routes, making use of less /non-hazardous renewable feed-stocks,
reagents and reaction conditions, solvent free conditions, reuse of solvents, use of catalytic rather than
equivalent amounts of reagents and applications of a number of non-conventional techniques along with
attempts at chemical fixation of green house gases such as carbon dioxide. Domino transformations represent
one pot atom economic protocols, whose application along with microwave assisted and photochemical
transformations for the synthesis of a variety of biologically active molecules / molecular scaffolds such as
novel Benzo[b]indolizines (1) antimalarial and cytotoxic endoperoxides (2), novel cytotoxic polycyclic
Lactones (3), variety of substituted and chromone fused cytotoxic Isoxazolidines (4, 5), 1,4-Dihydropyridines
(6), Cyclopropane, and -Aminoalcohol based scaffolds (7, 8) for peptidomimetics, shall be presented.
O
O
O
A r
2
H
O
H
O
H
H
A r
3
N
O
P h
H
O
R '
H
b A r
H
a
H
4
N
O
O
H
CO
2
Et
X
1
O H
O
N H
R
'
R
H
H
3
C
H
8
O
O
N
O N
R
1
H
H
R
Ph
H
d
H
c
H
b
5
N
COOEt
CH
2
R
R'
NO
2
6 7
R
O
O
O
H
CH
2
H
2
C
CH
2
H
2
C
OH
HN
N.
H
H
OH
H
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
6
KN-13: Characterization of Biomaterials from Ceiba pentandra and Oil Palm Empty
Fruit Bunch
M. S. Nazir
1
, M. Afzaal
1
, N. A. Jumat
1
, B. A.Wahjoedi
2
and M. A. Abdullah
1*
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
2
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
[email protected]
Lignocellulosic biomass has sustainable properties such as renewable, biodegradable and recyclable. The main
structural unit of typical Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Lignocellulose is fibrous, rod-shaped material and arranged in parallel fashion with deposition of different
amount of lignin and hemicelluloses to render stiff and rigid structure. The fibril arrangement is important in
determining the intended applications. The contribution of physical and chemical structure of Ceiba pentandra
(kapok) and Oil Palm Empty Fruit bunch (OPEFB) lignocellulosic raw and treated fibers and their green
composites were studied. Kapok fibers were found to be cylindrical, rod-shaped covered with natural wax-
coating giving its smooth surface. The smooth waxy-coating and the air-trapped within the hollow lumen
network contribute towards oleophilic characters. OPEFB fibers showed tight fibril staked morphology and
inter-fibrillar cavities filled with lignin and hemicelluloses. Both Kapok and OPEFB fibers had similar wax
functional group as shown by FTIR spectra at peak values of 1637-1648 cm
-1
and 1375 cm
-1
suggesting
stretching wavelength number in the region of aldehyde, alcohol and fatty acids. OPEFB fiber may have less
waxy surface and negligible porosity rendering it weaker oleophilicity. The oleophilic nature of Kapok fibers,
purely synthesized OPEFB fibers and their clay composites were further tested by F726-99 (ASTM, 1998c) and
column bed technique. Kapok fibers exhibited excellent hydrophobicoleophilic characteristics which showed
their potential use for oily water filtration. With untreated kapok, 99% of diesel in the 2.5% diesel/water
emulsion could be removed in the column bed filtration system. Kapok and OPEFB fibers composites have the
potential applications not only in oil removal, but also heavy metal removal from wastes. These materials
showed weak metal chelation due to the presence of O-H and COOH functionality. The chemical and
mechanical properties of composites can be improved further for other environmental remediation and
biomedical applications.
KN-14: Electroanalytical Behaviour of Pharmaceuticals in Solubilized Systems
Rajeev Jain
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India
Solubilization into aqueous media is of major importance and represent an attractive alternative to toxic organic
solvents. The solubilization of materials in biological systems sheds light on the mechanisms of the interaction
of drugs and other pharmaceutical materials with lipid bilayers and membranes. Moreover, in the formulation of
drugs surfactants perform a vital role as their ability to form micelles in aqueous solutions as well as biological
fluids appears to be of great importance with respect to pharmacokinetic behaviour of the formulated drugs due
to the drug entrapment in the micelles, plasma concentration and clearance of free drug. Electrochemistry in
micellar media has attracted considerable attention during the last two decades as studies in such a medium
provide a model for membrane-mediated processes. Micellar media have also been used for the redox titrations
of proteins, electrochemical synthesis and analysis, reductive dehalogenation of organohalides and for the
determination of several organo-chlorine pesticides.
Many papers illustrating effects of surfactants have appeared in the literature. From the voluminous literature
available on chemically modified electrodes, it is clear that surface modification is an important area of study in
modern electrochemistry and any research carried out in this direction will be of great interest especially due to
the several application possibilities of these electrodes. Introduction of surfactants in this area of work adds a
new and useful dimension to these investigations. It is well founded that very few investigations were made on
the role of surfactants in surface modification of electrodes, as can be seen from the meager publications
available in this regard. We studied the influence of surfactants on the modification of electrodes with different
materials.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
9
by extracting from biomass, which is a renewable source of energy. Under biofuels it is understood fuels like
ethanol, produced from biomass by fermentation; biodiesel produced from plant oils and animal fats and biogas,
produced by anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes.
Biodiesel is alternative fuel to conventional diesel. One of the main problems in the industrial production of the
biodiesel is the waste glycerol. It is estimated that for every 1 tone of biodiesel, 100 kg of waste glycerol is
produced. This glycerol contains water, methanol, and other compounds. Because of the lower quality of this
kind of glycerol, it is not profitable to be sold in the market. New applications for that glycerol are under
scientific research. Some of these applications might be the production of different organic compounds;
production of biogas, which could be used as fuel for heating, cooking, generating electricity and as fuel in
vehicles. The process is called anaerobic digestion, which is carried out in bioreactors. In the case of glycerol,
anaerobic digestion consists of two main steps: conversion into organic acids and carbon dioxide and hydrogen,
consequent conversion of these intermediates into methane. The problem consists in the very high sensitivity of
the methanogenic bacteria to pH variation, caused by the accumulation of acids. The purpose is to investigate
the possibility of utilizing the glycerol by anaerobic digestion. The bioreactor is loaded with a solution of waste
glycerol and water.
It was shown that the glycerol could be used as substrate for producing biogas, but not in a large scale factory. It
is also possible to produce organic acids, which have a lot of applications, as well as compost, which could be
used as alternative of the artificial fertilizers.
OP-39: Green Approach towards ICT and Cloud Computing
Mahendra Singh Aswal and Vinod Kumar
Department of Computer Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
The ICT has emerged as the integral and essential part of our daily life today. The rapid technological
advancement is being observed in the area of computer hardware and communication. The domain of Internet-
based communications has recently been under tremendous growth, with router hardware now able to process
data at a rate of several terabits per second. At the same time, the upcoming wireless technology has enabled
users to be connected anytime and anywhere in the world. However, it is important to consider all the costs
that arise from such new technology. Besides acquisition and maintenance costs, energy consumption of
computation, storage and communications is becoming increasingly significant. Rising energy costs and the
need to reduce carbon emissions have led to an increased awareness of the need to improve energy efficiency
wherever possible. For computing equipment such as monitors and desktop computers, standards like Energy
Star exist to ensure that energy resources are used efficiently. However, little attention has so far been paid to
energy consumption in networks, and comparable standards for networking equipment do not yet exist.
Fortunately, there is potential to improve energy efficiency in networks, as despite their energy consumption
being high, their utilization is generally below 5%. Cloud computing has recently received considerable
attention, as a promising energy-efficient approach for delivering ICT services. The present paper, reviews
various methods and technologies currently used for energy-efficient or green operation of computer hardware
and network infrastructure and explores some of the key issues regarding implementation of green ICT solutions
in cloud computing and network environment.
OP-40: On Semi-Projective Modules
Manoj Kumar Patel
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukula Kangri University
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
In this paper we have studied the properties of quasi-principally projective module related with generalized
Hopfian and variants of supplemented modules. We have discussed the summand intersection property,
summand sum property and proved that for a non-M-cosingular quasi principally projective module M, if M is
(completely) directsupplemented then it has summand sum property. Apart from this we have introduced the
idea of generalized hollow module and for an epi-retractable, uniserial quasi-principally projective module we
have proved that discrete, quasi-discrete, lifting, hollow and generalized hollow modules are equivalent.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
45
OP-41: Comparative study of the Thermal performance of Flat Plate Solar Air Heater
for different Models
Naveen Sharma
*
, Promila and Sunil
[email protected]
Solar collectors are exaggeratedly efficacious in all fields of living like agricultural, residential and industrial
fields for multifarious applications like: seasoning of timber, greenhouse heating, curing of industrial products
and where less than 100
o
C fluid temperature is required. In recent work, the effect of various environmental
(solar radiation intensity, wind velocity and ambient temperature), design (number of glass cover plate,
emissivity of glass plate and tilt angle) and operating parameters (mass flow rate, Reynolds number) on the
thermal performance have been studied. The present study aims to evaluate top loss coefficient for different
models and finally compare the thermal performance considering different parameters for solar air heater.
OP-42: Recent Development and Application of Anticorrosive Paints
N. Srivastva
1*
, A. Mehrotra
1
and M. G. H. Zaidi
2
1
Departmentof Applied Chemistry, M. J. P.Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U. P., India
2
College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pant Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Corrosion protection of ships in the marine environment has challenged us for years. Nowadays many
innovative types of epoxy coatings and specialized paints available to prevent corrosion attack. Ships and
offshore structures require protection against the marine environment. This protection is required above and
below the waterline as well as the splash zone in offshore structures, being exposed to both air and liquid. To
preserve iron work from corrosion, by reducing the formation of rust to a minimum, it has been coated with
anti-corrosive paints. A novel coating exhibits very high resistance to corrosion attack, long term stability in
destructive media and an environmentally friendly. A paint formulated with a corrosive-resistant pigment (such
as lead chromate, zinc chromate, or red lead) and moisture-resistant binder used to protect iron and steel
surfaces. Besides metals, these compounds give an excellent bonding with concrete surfaces. The product
components in solution penetrate into the porous concrete surface and form plastic tentacles within the substrate
which firmly hold the coating to provide an extra strong bonding with the concrete surface. The coating prevents
erosion of the concrete by weather, water, chemicals and gases. The coating prevents the growth of fungus,
moss, algae and other vegetative as well as bacterial life. All oil-based paints are not anti-corrosion paints. They
are merely decorative paints which protect the metal surface partially against the climatic corrosion but fail to
work against the drastic corrosion caused by various industrial chemicals & gases. It possesses a unique self
priming property, the use of special primer is recommended to produce a durable coating, however in the
absence of primer, a suitable Zinc Phosphate / Zinc Chromate primer can be used.
OP-43: Technology capacity building for E-waste recycling: A comparison between the
technology used by formal and informal sectors
Sirajuddin Ahmed
1
, Mohammed Shakeel
2
and Rashmi Makkar Panwar
3
12
Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
3
G. B. Pant. Polytechnic, New Delhi, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Solid waste management is a gigantic task in India. The phenomenal growth in Information Technology as well
exponential increase in use of electronic gadgets in our daily life over the past decade, has resulted in generation of huge
quantity of Electronic waste(E-waste). The complex composition of E-waste has further complicated the issue of solid
waste management. E-waste contains many types of metallic and non metallic hazardous chemicals. When electronic
waste is dumped in landfills, not only all the energy and material used in making the product is lost, but it also poses high
risk of environmental hazards. Their improper disposal may cause severe environmental problems. Electronic junk
contains a fair amount of useful components and materials which can be reused or recycled. The major issue of E-waste
management in India is the presence of un-organized backyard recyclers who are practicing E-waste recycling by
adopting crude methods resulting in inefficient recovery, besides causing health and environmental hazards. Informal
sector recycles more than 90 % of the entire E-waste handled .In this paper, a comparative study is made between formal
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
46
E-waste recycling and informal recycling processes practiced in Delhi. It has been concluded that there is an urgent need
of strong investment and regulation mechanism for technological capacity building of unorganized sector.
OP-44: Thermal Conductivity of Quantum Well
Richa Saini
Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
In this work, we present theoretical model for the thermal conductivity of superlattices, based on minigap
scattering. It emerges from the present study that thermal conductivity of semiconductors as well as that of
semiconductors quantum well structures can be successfully explained with the help of the present
modifications in the Callaway model.
OP-45: A Study of Some weaker forms of commuting maps in fuzzy metric spaces
Ritu Arora
Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The purpose of this paper is to study some weaker forms of commuting maps in fuzzy metric spaces.
OP-46: Smart Transport System
Sukhbir Singh Sandhu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering and Technology,
Tangori, Mohali, India
As the 21st century unfolds, the challenges of soaring travel demand and its environmental impact will begin to
test the city's capability to move people and goods safely and efficiently. It is important to stress that the
proposals have not been developed to detailed planning stage, and comment is being sought at the concept level
only. Detailed environmental impact assessment, and comprehensive public consultation, will be required
before final decisions can be made, or construction can start. The actions in this paper provide a strong focus on
investments to achieve a sustainable transport system.
The overall aim of the transport system is to provide sustainable transport system. Sustainable transportation is
achieved when needs for access to people, services and goods are met without doing permanent harm to the
global environment, damaging local environments, and reducing social equity. It includes
Rates of consumption of non-renewable resources that do not exceed the rates at which substitutes are
developed
Rates of emission and concentration of substances which do not exceed the assimilative capacity of the
environment.
There are five parts to the City Transport Plan:
1. The transport challenge a reason to change
2. The approach
3. The key Strategies
4. Funding and Finance
5. Sustainable Transport for Agenda to action
Seven strategic objectives for the City Transport Plan
1. Quality public transport
2. Coordinated land use and transport systems
3. Moderated travel demand growth
4. Attractive non-motorized transport
5. A safe and efficient road system
6. Efficient freight and air transport operations to support economic development
7. An integrated and environmentally responsible transport system
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
47
OP-47: An Analytical Method to Calculate Cost based on Design Structure Matrix for
Unplanned tasks
Sachin Kumar Saxena and Garima Krishna
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
GRD - Institute of Management & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
A design structure matrix (DSM) model is constructed to capture the relationship between members, and it can
be transformed to searching better cost product. Design Structure Matrix is a structured method which has an
advantage on representing and analyzing relations among system elements such as development tasks, design
parameters, architecture concepts and organizational teams. Several researches have been done to calculate the
cost function of any planned task for any project. But no method has been proposed for the unplanned tasks.
This paper presents an analytical method to calculate cost based on design structure matrix for unplanned tasks.
For unplanned tasks we mean tasks which costs are not predicted earlier or time is not described properly due to
iterations or overlapping. The MATLAB simulation is used to represent the results and comparisons with
conventional ways to solve the final cost of entire project. Other methods also have been presented to find the
optimal solution such as PERT/ CPM and Gantt chart but are failed to interpret the overlapping and iteration
inside any project therefore DSM has been introduced to represent the vivid scenario of any project in the
market.
OP-48: A Review on the Fuel Cells Development
Sanjay L. Bhagat
*
, V. S. Sapkal, Manesh B. Patil, and R. S. Sapkal
University Department of Chemical Technology, Sant Gadge Baba Amaravati University, M. S., India
[email protected]
Fuel cells offer a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuel systems, due to their high efficiency, low
environmental impact and flexible application. One of the suggested systems for residential, automotive and
portable applications is the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which has a proton conducting polymer
membrane as electrolyte. While the fuel used most fuel cells is hydrogen (e.g. in the polymer electrolyte
membrane fuel cell: PEMFC), the DMFC uses methanol as fuel. Fuel cells are attractive for several
applications; however, there are several barriers which must be overcome before they can become an alternative
to internal combustion engines.
OP-49: Earth Architecture-Superadobe Construction System
Shanthi Sri Kuppa
1*
, and S. Ramya Sri
2
1
Department of Civil Engineering,
2
Department of Biotechnology
Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, A. P, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Approximately one third of the people of the world live in houses built with earth, and tens of thousands of
towns and villages have been raised practically from the ground they are standing on. Today, world
consciousness about the use of natural resources and the new perception of building codes as the steward not
only of individuals' safety, but of the planet's equilibrium, are leading us into the new millennium of sustainable
living. The Superadobe technology is the spinoff from several consecutive techniques. It is the integration of
the ancient technologies of building with earth into planetary construction technique. A review of this teqnique
has been made in this paper.
OP-50: Role of Ions and Electric field on Nucleation Rate in Water Vapour
Condensation
Shivani Avasthi
1
, Hemendra Tripathi
1
and P. P. Pathak
2
Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Theory of drop growth in presence of ions and external electric field has been applied to water vapour
condensation in middle atmosphere. The radius of critical nucleus is found to depend upon electric field. In
presence of electric field, Helmholtz free energy of formation of water molecule about a critical nucleus is found
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
48
to be much less than that in absence of the electric field; but equilibrium concentration of nuclei is very much
large. In presence of ions and electric field Rate of nucleation is increased as compared to uncharged and
charged case both. The energy of the nucleus formation rapidly increases with size as r
2
wc
. In presence of ions
the condensation takes place at low supersaturation because the necessary energy for germ formation is attained
at lower radii due to addition of electrostatic energy. For a given temperature , the value of supersaturation
varies approximately as (r
wc
)
-1
for uncharged drop and while in presence of charge and electric field it varies as
(r
wc
)
-1
for larger radii and (r
wc
)
-4
for smaller radii. In uncharged water drops, supersaturation smaller than unity,
are unstable but in case of charge and electric field drops can exist. Since in presence of ions and electric field a
small value of extremely sensitive to supersaturation ratio, since the term in the exponent electric field is
comparable to very high supersaturation ratio to get a nucleus of given size under similar conditions of
temperature.
OP-51: A review of the Cognitive Radio network paradigm
Anuj kumar Sharma, Vipul Sharma and Shiv kumar Singh
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Growing numbers of people are making a habit of toting their laptops into Starbuck's, ordering half-caf skim
lattes, and plunking down in chairs to surf the Web wirelessly. That means more people are also getting used to
being kicked off the Net as computers competing for bandwidth interfere with one another. It's a local effect --
within 30 to 60 meters of a transceiver, but there's just no more space in the part of the radio spectrum
designated for Wi-Fi. Imagine, then, what happens as more devices go wireless -- not just laptops, or cell phones
and BlackBerrys, but sensor networks that monitor everything from temperature in office buildings to moisture
in cornfields, radio frequency ID tags that track merchandise at the local Wal-Mart, devices that monitor
nursing-home patients. All these gadgets have to share a finite and increasingly crowded amount of radio
spectrum. The Federal Communications Commission in the United States, and its counterparts around the
world, allocate the radio spectrum in swaths of frequency of varying widths. One band covers AM radio,
another VHF television, still others cell phones, citizen's-band radio, pagers, and so on; now, just as wireless
devices have begun proliferating, there's little left over to dole out.But as anyone who has twirled a radio dial
knows, not every channel in every band is always in use. In fact, the FCC has determined that, in some locations
or at some times of day, 70 percent of the allocated spectrum may be sitting idle, even though it's officially
OP-52: Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Metrics and Communication
Strategies
Tarun Dubey
1
and O. P. Sahu
2
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Invertis University, Bareilly, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is expected to play a key role for our society in the coming years. WSN can
be used as a social infrastructure tool to make our lives safe, secure, and comfortable. It is supposed to carry
various types of information, such as temperature, humidity, re alarm, intrusion warning, image, and sound.
The application arenas for this technology require high reliability and low latency than other existing
technologies. The capacity of a WSN is limited and in most of the real time applications, factors such as
energy efficiency, system time, latency, path loss, accuracy, fault-tolerance and scalability are to be considered
for extracting optimal performance from the system in order to achieve a reliable communication. This paper
undertakes the study of various issues related to the performance and communication for a WSN that are to
addressed before a widespread deployment of such networks for a wide variety of applications.
OP-53: Green Computing
Shubhi Agarwal
KCMT, Bareilly, Uttara Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Green computing refers to supporting business critical computing needs with least possible amount of power or
sustainable computing. This is a new paradigm of designing the computersystem which considers not only the
processing performance but also the energy efficiency.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
49
In the past ,the sole focus was on IT equipments(hardware and software),processing power and associated
equipment which includes infrastructure, power, cooling and data center space which was always assumed as
readily available and affordable. The driving force behind this change comes from the ever growing business
computing needs, fast growing burden of energy cost, growing awareness of global warming issues, and
increasing sense of national energy security.
Here we also provide are view of how IT equipment power consumption across the industry is affecting the
industry. It will focus on how equipment power consumption impacts the overall power usage and total cost of
ownership and deploy to meet their business needs.
So in this paper we depict the need of green computing to society, roads to green computing, and the strategies
to implement green computing for creating a sustainable and healthy environment.
OP-54: Green Computing
Vertika Joshi
Amrapali Institute, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
IT is both a significant (and rapidly growing) contributor to environmental problems and a potential enabler of
solutions to environmental problems. Green Computing also referred to as Green IT revolves around making
sure that people are practicing how they can save resources when they use the computing technology. The goals
are similar to Green Chemistry that is reducing the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency
during the products lifetime and promote recyclability or biodegrability of defunct products and factory waste.
Companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest ,both in terms
of public relations and reduced costs. While programs such as Energy Star have been around since the early
1990s, recent concerns regarding global climate change and the energy crisis have led to renewed interest in
Green Computing. Data centers are significant consumers of energy - both to power the computers as well as to
provide the necessary cooling. The present paper will take a look at several green initiatives currently underway
in the computer industry along with some common green computing concepts such as Virtualization, Power
Management, Recycling, and Telecommuting.
OP-55: Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Collector Technology:A Review
V. V. Tyagi
1
and N. A. Rahim
1
Centre for Power Energy Dedicated Advance Centre (UMPEDAC),
Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[email protected]
A major research and development work on the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) hybrid technology has been done
since last 30 years. Different types of Thermal collector and new material for PV cells have been developed for
efficient renewable energy utilization. The solar energy conversion in electricity and heat with a single device is
a good advancement for future energy demand called hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT). This article
gives a review of the trend of development of the technology and useful application of PVT system like as solar
cooling, water desalination, solar greenhouse, photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system,
building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) solar collector, in recent years.
OP-56: Electrochemical Treatment of Pesticide Effluent Using Rotating Disc Electrode
P. Vinoth Prabu, R. Palani, and N. Balasubramanian
Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India
[email protected]
The percentage removal of COD in the rotating disk electrode (RDE) for the synthetic pesticide effluent was
investigated. The design and selection of an appropriate electrochemical reactor for a specific purpose is
important. In this study it is attempted to treat synthetic pesticide effluent by electro-oxidation using rotating
disc electrode. Experiments were carried out by conventional and Response surface method (RSM) under
various operating condition like current density, pH, Supporting electrolyte concentration and rotation speed of
cathode to remove the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) present in the pesticide effluent. The influence of
operating parameters on percentage COD removal has been critically examined. At optimum conditions, 81.9%
COD removal was achieved.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
50
OP-57: Experimental study of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using the exergy
approach
S. Anand
1
, A. Gupta
2
, I. Roy
1
and S. K. Tyagi
2
1
School of Infrastructure Technology and Resource Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University,
Katra, J&K, India
2
Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Wadala Kalan, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Refrigeration and air-conditioning systems operating under large temperature differences between the condenser
and evaporator consume significant amounts of energy. A vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is investigated
by using both first and second laws of thermodynamics. Although the first-law approach to system analysis only
shows system coefficient of performance (COP) but it fails to locate sources of losses. Identifying and
quantifying these sources can be a useful design tool, especially in developing more complex refrigeration
systems. This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of 2TR vapor compression refrigeration (VCR)
cycle for different percentage of refrigerant charge using exergy analysis. Exergy depends on evaporating
temperature, condensing temperature, compressor pressure and environment temperature. The exergetic method
of analysis is a useful tool in explaining the various energy flows in a process, and finally helps to reduce losses
occurring in the system. This paper explains the method of carrying out an exergetic analysis on a vapor
compression refrigeration system using R-22 as refrigerants. An experimental setup has been developed and
evaluated on different operating conditions using a test rig having R-22 as working fluid. The coefficient of
performance (COP), exergy destruction, and exergetic efficiency for variable quantity of refrigerant has been
calculated. The procedure to calculate the various losses occurring in the different components, as well as the
coefficient of performance and the exergetic efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, has been explained. The
present investigation has been done by using 2TR window air conditioner and the results indicate that the losses
in the compressor are more pronounced while the losses in the condenser are less pronounced as compared to
other components i.e. evaporator and expansion device. The total exergy destruction is the highest when the
system is 100% charged, whereas it is found to be least when the system is 25% charged.
OP-58: Performance evaluation of different types of cook stoves using energy and
exergy analyses
A. K. Pandey
2
, V. Bajala
1
. S. Sahu
1
, J. P. S. Rajput
3
and S. K. Tyagi
1
1
Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Wadala Kalan, Punjab, India
2
School of Infrastructure Technology & Resource Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University,
Katra, J&K, India
3
Kaps Utilities Private Limited. Ladowali Road, Sant Nagar, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
[email protected]
This communication presents the comparative experimental study and performance evaluation of four different
types of cook stoves using energy and exergy analyses. In the present analysis four types of models have been
selected and water boiling test was carried out in the actual operating conditions. Wood pieces available from
the saw mill prepared in the proper size as described in the Chulah (cook stove) testing procedure of the Bureau
of Indian Standards (BIS) has been used as the fuel for cook stove in the present experimental study. The
aluminium pots of proper capacity (10 and 12 litres) have been used for different cook stoves as per the
information available in BIS standard. Readings of the different parameters viz. initial fuel weight, volume of
water, ambient air temperature, inlet fuel temperature, temperatures of pot, water, pot cover, cook stove (inner
and outer) etc. have been measured and recorded after an interval of 5 minutes from the beginning to the
completion of the experiments.
Based on the recorded data the exergy and energy efficiencies were calculated for different cook stoves at
different set of operating conditions. From these analyses it is found that the exergy efficiency is lower than that
of energy efficiency for all the four models. This is due to the fact that the energy analysis is based on the first
law of thermodynamics viz. the law of conservation of energy, while the exergy analysis is based on the second
law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law of degradation of the quality of energy. Thus it is concluded that the results
based on the exergy analysis are more appropriate for the analysis, modification and performance evaluation of
thermal energy conversion systems.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
51
OP-59: Recycling of valuable metals from electronic waste using physical beneficiation
techniques
Vinod Kumar
1
, Jae-chun Lee
2*
, Jinki Jeong
2
and Doyun Shin
2
1
Mineral Processing Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR), Jamshedpur, India
2
Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) or electronic waste is the fastest growing stream in the
industrialized and urbanized world. However, treatment for WEEE is a challenge due to the association of
diverse and complex nature of materials and hazardous components. In comparison to conventional pyro-
metallurgical recycling processes present paper report a novel technique of physical recycling for the separation
of metallic concentrate of valuable and precious metals from the WEEE containing ceramic, plastic and epoxy
resin materials. In this paper, current status of treatment of electronic waste and several recycling technologies
are presented. Some advices against the existing problems during recycling process are discussed. A processing
approach involving application of inexpensive and eco-friendly integrated recycling process consisting of
mineral beneficiation and hydrometallurgical technique for complete recycling and effective resource utilization
has been discussed.
OP-60: Enhancement of Performance Parameters of Three Phase Induction Motor by
Current Source Inverter: An overview and key issues
Shah Alam Malik, S. K. Sinha
, Bindeshwar Singh, Deependra Singh, Ankit Kr. Pandey,
and Vikas Shukla
[email protected]
This paper presents a literature survey on enhancement of performance parameters of three phase Induction
Motor by Current Source Inverter. Also presents the current status of the improvement of current control,
frequency control, speed control and reduction of harmonics in three phase IM by CSI. Authors strongly believe
that this survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the
field of improvement of current control, voltage control, frequency control, speed control and reduction of
harmonics in three phase IM CSI.
OP-61: Mitigation of Power Quality Problems by FACTS Controllers in an Integrated
Power System: A Comprehensive Survey
Bindeshwar Singh, Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar
[email protected]
This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the mitigation of power quality problems such as low power
factor, shortage of reactive power, poor voltage, voltage and current harmonics due to sudden change in field
excitation of synchronous alternator, sudden increased in load, sudden fault occur in the system are solved by
FACTS controllers such as STATCOM, DSTATCOM, and D
2
STATCOM. This paper also presents current
status of mitigation of power quality problems by FACTS controllers. Authors strongly believe that this survey
article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the field of power
quality problems solved by FACTS controllers.
OP-62: Multi agent-based decentralized knowledge discovery
And agent security: a review
Aman Kumar
1
and Shiv Kumar Singh
2
1
Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Knowledge discovery technologies have emerged as a means for ascertaining patterns and trends from huge
quantities of data. The Data Mining technology normally adopts data integration method to generate Data
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
52
warehouse, on which to gather all data into a central site, and then run an algorithm against that data to extract
the useful component forecast and knowledge valuation. Conversely, a particular data-mining technique has not
been verified correct for each realm and data set. Techniques connecting in such composite setting that contain
great dependence due to changes in the system can affect the overall performance of the system. Agent
computing whose endeavor is to deal with composite systems has exposed opportunities to recover distributed
data mining systems in several traditions. Multi-agent systems (MAS) habitually concerned with complex
applications that require distributed problem solving. In lots of applications the individual and collective
performance of the agents depends on the observed data from distributed sites. Distributed data mining is
initiated as the need of mining over decentralized data sources. DDM deals with these challenges in analyzing
distributed data and provide various algorithmic solutions to achieve different data analysis and mining
operations in decentralized environment. In decentralized environment like sensor network or IP network, one
has distributed probes sited at tactical locations within the network. The problem is to be capable to associate
the data found at the various probes, and discover patterns in the overall data found at all the diverse probes.
While MAS are habitually distributed, proactive and reactive in nature, hence, they are very helpful for
Knowledge Management Systems; the integration of both DDM and MAS for data rigorous systems is likable
but security consideration of participating agents is the major issue.
This paper, the integration of multi-agent system and decentralized knowledge discovery, in terms of
significance, system overview and security, standing systems, and research inclinations.
OP-63: A three dimensional Mathematical Model for atomospheric dispersion of Toxic
Pollutants
Ajendra Kumar* and Virendra Arora
*Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Ex-principal, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Toxic air pollutants are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive
effects or birth defects, or to cause adverse environmental effects on humans. The present study has developed a
three-dimension dispersion model for an elevated point source to see the effect of varying wind speed and the
removal mechanisms of toxic air pollutants present in the atmosphere. Further, this model may also be used to
investigate the artificially introduced sinks in the removal of the contaminant from the atmosphere.
OP-64: A Miniaturised antenna inspired by Metamaterials
1
Nitin Kumar,
2
Nazia Hasan,
3
S. C. Gupta and
4
Vipul Sharma
1,2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Uttarakhand Technical University
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dehradun Institute of Technology
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected] , [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]
This paper introduces a novel, Swastik shaped microstrip antenna (SSA) inspired by Metamaterials. This
antenna uses 1-D split ring resonators and wire structures to achieve metamaterial property. With the help of this
property the size of the antenna is considerably reduced. The Swastik shaped antenna has been simulated on EM
solver Ansoft HFSS and s-parameters were analysed. It produces two types of radiation pattern namely
doughnut shaped Omni-directional and a directional pattern in two different frequency range, and shows an
excellent performance in terms of size. This type of antenna is useful for the applications like sensors for ground
penetration radar, sensors for detection of malignant tissues in skin cancer patients and other handheld portable
wireless equipments.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
53
OP-65: Green Computing for Greener Organization
Suyash Bhardwaj
1
and Poornima Tyagi
2
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Computer Science, Vishveshwarya Group of Institutes, Ghaziabad, India
[email protected]
Green computing, the study and practice of efficient and eco-friendly computing resources, is now under the
attention of not only environmental organizations, but also businesses from other industries. In recent years,
companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest, both in terms
of public relations and reduced costs. This paper discusses the different aspects of green computing for making
an organization save energy. This paper will take a look at several green initiatives currently under way in the
computer industry, as well as issues that have been raised regarding these initiatives. The future of computing is
can be on greener side if we reduce over energy requirements, such as requirement of cooling systems,
processor power consumption etc. There can be day to day practices to make a step forward to save energy. A
few of them will be discussed in this paper.
OP-66: A BFO Optimized FDTD and Its Application for Skin Cancer Detection
Vipul Sharma
1
, S. S. Pattnaik
2
, S. Devi
2
and Tanuj Garg
1
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India
Since its inception, the Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has drawn attention of researchers as a high
performance optimizer and many successful applications of BFO in optimal control engineering, image
processing, network scheduling, electric load forecast, antenna applications etc have been reported till date.
Many improved application based variants of BFO have also come up leading to drastic reduction in
convergence time and with higher accuracy. This paper presents Hybridization of BFO with finite difference
time domain method (FDTD) and its validation of this BFO-FDTD code. Further, a biomedical application of
BFO FDTD in skin cancer detection has been reported in this paper.
OP-67: Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Its Applications: A Selective Review
Vipul Sharma
1
, S. S. Pattnaik
2
, S. Devi
2
and Tanuj Garg
1
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India
Recently, germ intelligence has grabbed prime focus of research fraternity working on optimization and many
such powerful algorithms have been reported till date. Of this, Bacterial foraging optimization algorithm
(BFOA) has attracted a lot of attention as a high performance optimizer because of its faster convergence and
global search approach. Since its inception in 2001, many variants of BFOA have come up leading to even
faster convergence with higher accuracy. This paper presents an application based review of such variants and
will be useful for new researchers exploring its use in their research problems.
OP-68: Adaptive Noise Canceller as a Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction Technique
Gorav Kumar Malik
1
, Vivek Kumar
1
and Ashish Nainwal
2
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Nippon Instruments (I) Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Every year, about one out of 125 babies born with some form of congenital heart defect. Therefore extraction of
fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) from maternal skin electrode measurements will be raised as a prominent issue.
Because of fetal heart farness from sensors, muscle contraction, instrumentation noise and etc, recorded signals
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
54
from mothers abdomen is strongly distorted by noise, So desired signal (FECG) must be extracted purely. This
problem can be modeled from the perspective of Blind Source Separation (BSS), Adaptive noise canceller can
be used to separate the fetal ECG, and in this paper we are using Adaptive Noise Canceller (ANC) method for
Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction and give its advantage over Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and
Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA and PCA is the methods of BSS.
OP-69: Lead Free Polymers in India
R. K. Soni and Anjali Verma
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P. India
[email protected]
Lead is very toxic, its use can result in the pollution of ground and more importantly water supplies. This leads
to the contamination of drinking water and can cause hazards to human health as well as disrupting entire
ecosystems. Global warming is also closely associated and related to lead usage. Instead of these disadvantages
lead is very good thermal stabilizer for pvc formulations. PVC is one of the most important thermoplastics and
PVC remains the material of choice for construction industry and pipe products. Lead stabilizers such as lead
sulfate or lead stearate are common additives in formulation of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic used to coat or
insulate wire and cables. However environmental concern and regulations will lead to the elimination of lead
based thermal stabilizers. Other thermal stabilizers of PVC are different metal soaps like Cd, Ba Ca and Zn
carboxylates and some mono alkyl tin compounds for example: carboxylates and mercaptides. However a very
limited work has to be conducted on the use of green thermal stabilizers in PVC. So it is urgent to work on lead
free thermal stabilizers on large scale to make lead free India.
OP-70: Antimony (III) Adsorption on montmorillonite and modified montmorillonite: a
study on Sorption Kinetics
Ansar Anjum and Monika Datta
*
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
[email protected]
Antimony (Sb) is a potential pollutant, ubiquitous in the environment, owing to human activities and natural
processes. The toxicity of antimony is assumed to be similar to that of arsenic and is of increasing
environmental concern due to increased awareness of its risk to human health.
Out of all the known techniques, adsorption has emerged as one of the economical and overall a promising
method and to the best of our knowledge only few adsorption studies of antimony on natural sorbents have been
reported to date.
The present work involves adsorption of antimony (III) using montmorillonite, MMT and organo clays from
aqueous solution. The synthesized composites have been characterized using various appropriate analytical
techniques. The process has been optimized for the detection, estimation and removal of Arsenic (III) as low as
four parts per billion (0.004g/ml) in water.
The kinetics of sorption for the adsorption of antimony (III) on clay/organoclay has been investigated.
Intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate limiting step during the initial stages of adsorption followed by
chemisorption.
Synthesized samples, before and after adsorption studies were characterized by various appropriate analytical
techniques.
OP-71: A Variational Theory of the Ground State of Manganites exhibiting colossal
Magnetoresistance
S. Panwar
1
, P. Dua
2
, A. Chaudhary
3
and R. Kumar
4
1
Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Vidya College of Engineering, Vidya Knowledge Park, Bagpat road, Meerut, UP, India
3,4
Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
In this paper, we use a simple variational method for studying the various electronic properties of rare earth
manganites doped with alkaline earths namely
Hamiltonian for manganites in the strong electron lattice Jahn-Teller (J-T) coupling regime. Here we show that
the strong J-T coupling between the two fold degenerate (
&
= -cos with conduction band width W=2.0eV. We have calculated here band energy
dependence of
variational parameter
between
spins &
dosage, and contact time and temperature conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models
were applied and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption
process follow first order kinetics and particle diffusion mechanisms are operative. By percolating the dye
solution through fixed-bed columns the bulk removal of the Acid Blue 113 was carried out and necessary
parameters were determined to find out the percentage saturation of both the columns. Recovery of the dye was
made by eluting 0.1M NaOH through the column.
OP-74: Applications of Biodegradable Polymers in Biomedical Sciences
Ashish Pandey
1*
, Balwant Singh Rawat
1
, Vipin Kumar Sharma
1
, Prashant Y. Mali
2
and Navneet Garud
3
1*
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FAMS), Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Hospital,
Adama Science & Technology University, Asella Medical Campus, P. O. Box 396, Oromia, Ethiopia
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, IPS-College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Biodegradable polymers have received much more attention in the last decades due to their potential
applications in the fields related to environmental protection and the maintenance of physical health.
Biodegradable polymers should have three important properties viz. biocompatibility, bioabsorbility and
mechanical resistance. Despite the advent of synthetic biodegradable polymers, naturally occurring absorbable
polymers in various forms are found to increase the use in drug delivery systems. They hold the promise of
providing better efficiency, reducing toxicity & improving patient compliance. Current applications of
biodegradable polymers includes surgical implants in vascular or orthopaedic surgery and plain membranes,
implantable matrices for the controlled release of drugs inside the body or as absorbable sutures, scaffolds for
tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, for coatings and microencapsulating of various drugs, drug
carriers, for skin substitutes or wound dressing, pharmacological devices like matrices for enzyme
immobilization, controlled-release devices, therapeutic devices like temporary prostheses, absorbent materials
etc. Biodegradable polymers can be processed by most conventional plastics processing techniques with some
adjustments of processing conditions and modifications of machinery. Film extrusion, injection moulding, blow
moulding, thermoforming are some of the processing techniques used. Biodegradable polymers used in
packaging which requires different physical characteristics, depending on the product to be packaged and the
store conditions. Biodegradable polymers can be used for the controlled release of agricultural chemicals. The
agricultural chemicals concerned are pesticides and nutrients, fertilizer, pheromones to repel insects.
Biodegradable polymers used in heavy and radioactive metals as an absorbent, useful in waste water treatment
etc. The belief is that biodegradable polymer materials will reduce the need for synthetic polymer production
(by reducing pollution) at a low cost, thereby producing a positive effect both environmentally and
economically. Therefore, the objectives of present article are to highlight the various applications of
biodegradable polymers in meadow of biomedical sciences.
OP-75: Spectroscopic and volumetric studies for binary mixtures of ionic liquid (1-
butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) with alkoxyalkanols at
T= (288.15 to 318.15) K
Amalendu Pal and Bhupinder Kumar
*
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India,
[email protected]
Densities and speeds of sound have been measured for the binary mixtures of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-
methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim][PF
6
] with ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGMEE),
diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Di-EGMEE), triethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Tri-EGMEE) over the
whole composition range at atmospheric pressure. Experimental densities have been used to estimate excess
molar volumes,
E
V
. Changes in isentropic compressibility,
s
have been estimated by using experimental
speed of sound and density values. Excess properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to
obtain the binary coefficients and the standard errors. The molecular scale interactions between ionic liquid and
alkoxyalkanols have been investigated through
1
H NMR spectroscopy. NMR chemical shifts for hydroxyl group
of alkoxyalkanols and their deviations show hydrogen bonding interactions of varying strengths between ionic
liquid and alkoxyalkanol in their binary mixtures.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
57
OP-76: Synthesis, In-vivo and In-silico anti inflammatory studies of substituted fluoro
pyrazole
Chandra P. Singh, Zubair Ahmad and Sandeep Kumar
Research Division Chemistry Department Sahu Jain College Najibaad U. P., India
N-Phenyl-5substituted-aryl-3-p-(fluorophenyl) pyrazoles have been synthesized from cyclization of 4-
fluoroacetophenone (1) with various benzaldehydes (2) to give 4- fluorophenylstyrylketone (3) followed by
treatment with phenyl hydrazine. The title compounds and their derivatives have been characterized by their
element and spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds are screened for anti-inflammatory activity.
All substituted 4-fluorophenylstyrylketones (250mg/kg orallyp.o.) possessed anti-inflammatory activity against
carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat. Indomethacin (10mg/kg) was used as standard drug and all compounds
(0.20mM) showed ability to denature bovine serum albumin as observed in vitro inhibition studies. No
correlation was found between the anti inflammatory activity and inhibition bovine serum albumin denaturation.
The docking studies were carried out for these compounds against the protein NFkB which is involved in
inflammation signal cascade. Some of them showed good activity and molecular binding. Compounds such as
3b, 5b and 5e have exhibited comparative results in both in vivo and in silico studies.
OP-77: Electrochemical Determination of Piracetum by Adsorptive Stripping
Voltammetry in Pharmaceutical Products and Urine Sample
Krishna Kumar Jhankal
*
, Santosh Kumar Joram and D. K. Sharma
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The electrochemical behavior of Piracetum was studied by square-wave and square-wave adsorptive-stripping
voltammetry (SWAdSV). Piracetum can be reduced and accumulated at a glassy carbon electrode, with a
maximum peak current intensity being obtained at a potential of approximately -0.76V vs. AgCl/Ag, in a B.R.
buffer of p
H
=7. A SWAdSV method has been developed for the determination of Piracetum in pharmaceutical
preparations. The method shows a linear range between 1.0x10
-7
and 2.0x10
-6
mol L
-1
with a limit of detection
of 5x10
-8
mol L
-1
for an accumulation time of 20 s. The linear response was obtained in BrittonRobinson buffer
in the ranges of 110
5
to 110
4
M for spiked urine sample at pH 7.0. The precision of the method was
evaluated by assessing the repeatability and intermediate precision. The proposed method was applied to the
determination of Piracetum in pharmaceutical product and the results obtained are in good agreement with the
labeled values.
OP-78: A Green Route for the Degradation of Dyes using Ammonium
Phosphomolybdate
Deepa Sachdeva
[email protected]
Our natural environment had been very neat and clean but due to multifarious activities of human being, it is
getting polluted. Water, which is one of the most essential thing for the survival of living organisms, is
becoming polluted, as a result of effluents thrown out by many industries like textile industries where dyes are
extensively used. Various chemical and physical processes such as precipitation, adsorption, charcoal stripping
etc. can be used for removing colour from coloured water. However, these methods suffer from either one or
more disadvantages. Photocatalytic methods for waste water treatment seem to be most promising and
ecofriendly process.
The field of photocatalysis has opened up new avenues of researches in chemistry. It has drawn the attention of
chemists all over the world. A photocatalyst works by the absorption of light in the UV visible region. By
absorption of radiations, the molecules are electronically excited. These excited molecules generate electron-
hole pair, which can be used for reducing or oxidising a substance.
In the present investigation, an effort has been made to use ammonium phosphomolybdate as photocatalyst for
the degradation of bromocresol purple dye.The photocatalytic degradation of dye was observed by irradiating
the mixture of dye solution and ammonium phosphomolybdate. The effect of variations of different parameters
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
58
like pH, concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor and light intensity on the reaction rate has been studied.
Plots of 1 + log O.D. us exposure time were drawn and the values of rate constants (k) for photocatalytic
degradation of various dye were calculated from these.
Tentative mechanisms for the photocatalytic oxidation of the dye has been proposed based on experimental
observations. The participation of
OP-84: Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate precipitation tube
(CoSPT) as adsorbent
D. Chongder, K. Parmar, S. Bhattacharjee
and N. R. Bandyopadhya
1
CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jamshedpur, India
1
Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah, India
[email protected]
Cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT), prepared through silica garden route was investigated as Pb(II)
adsorbent in aqueous medium. Batch adsorption studies were carried out with Pb(II) in the concentration range
of 10-920 mg L
-1
using CoSPT as adsorbent. Pb(II) loading on CoSPT was dependent on initial Pb(II)
concentration. Experimental adsorption data were modeled using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations.
Pb(II) loading capacity of CoSPT was estimated at 270 mg g
-1
, which ranks high amongst efficient Pb(II)
adsorbents. Adsorption kinetics follows pseudo second order rate equation.
OP-85: Thermal, spectral and antimicrobial studies of some transition metal complexes
derived from bidentate ligands containing N and S donor atoms
Kiran Singh
*
, Yogender Kumar and Parvesh Puri
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, India
[email protected]
The bidentate ligands have been synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde with 4-amino-5-
mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazole. The ligands react with acetates of
Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) to yield 1:2 [metal : ligand] complexes. The synthesized ligands and their metal
complexes were characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, magnetic moment measurements,
spectroscopic and thermo gravimetric techniques. Thermal studies of the complexes show a multistep
decomposition pattern. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the
Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and square planar for Cu(II) complexes. The synthesized ligands, along with
their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal against Aspergillus niger, and A. flavus.
OP-86: Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Salvadora persica against dental
pathogens.
Sanjay
1
, Navneet
2
, Prabhat
1
and M. M. Tiwari
3
1
Department of Botany & Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar. Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Botany & Microbiology,
3
Faculty of Engineering &Technology,
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar ,Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracs of stem bark of Salvadora
persica were tested against dental pathogens i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, S. sangruis, S.
sobrinus, S. salivarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus by using the Agar well diffusion method at the
concentration of 200 mg/ml. The methanolic extract was more effective as comparative to petroleum. ether,
acetone and aqueous extracts. The MIC value of the methanolic extract of Salvadora persica against S. mutans
and L. acidophilus were carried out Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of
antimicrobial active agents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, phenols and saponins.
These investigation support a good response to the use of these plants in herbal medicine and as a base for the
development of new drugs and phytomedicine for treatment against dental infections.
OP-87: Landfill Gas Processing through Absorption in Alkanolamine
Sanjeev Maken
1*
, Ankur Gaur
2
and Jin-Won Park
3
1
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
2
Center of Environment Study, Climate Science Division, TERI,
New Delhi, India
3
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
[email protected]
In the present energy crisis scenario, new recovery methods for landfill gas (LFG) are garnering huge interest.
LFG has a very high-energy potential due to the presence of methane (CH
4
) and thus is a great source for energy
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
61
production. Many countries have shown interest in collection and subsequent use of landfill gas to reduce Green
house gas (GHG) emissions from the landfill and to replace the fossil fuels.The waste management policies in
Korea are quite effective as compared to other countries. Korea has one of the biggest landfill sites in the world.
There are 238 landfill sites operating currently in Korea that offer a great opportunity to use CH
4
as an energy
resource, which is produced in landfill by the process of anaerobic digestion of the organic material contained in
the municipal solid waste. During the stable phase of landfill, LFG is a mixture of CH
4
(35 to 60 %) and CO
2
(35 to 55 % ) along with other numerous trace components like aromatics, chlorinated organic hydrocarbons,
siloxanes and sulfur compounds. Therefore, LFG offers a very attractive option to oil in this energy starved
country. Upgrading the LFG to high purity CH
4
enhances the energy density of LFG that could be used in
transportation sector or as a city gas. Most of the MSW is still being landfilled & landfill site release landfill
gas due to the decomposition of waste. It mainly consists of CH
4
and CO
2
. Both of these gases are green house
gases. CH
4
has high calorific value thus separating CH
4
from CO
2
would be of great commercial interest. CO
2
can be captured and stored. Among numerous processes of separating landfill gas mixture such PSA, Membrane
separation and liquid absorption our work focuses on liquid absorption since it is effective and economical
method as compared to the other options. It is also the widely used method for CO
2
capture. In this paper three
absorbents diethanolamine (DEA), sodium glycinate (SG) & 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) were used to
study the CO
2
removal from landfilled gas. Among these three DEA comes up as the best CO
2
absorbent
among the three with highest CO
2
loading.
OP-88: Spectroscopic and Antifungal studies of Terephthalamide and its complex with
Lanthanum Nitrate
R. K. Soni and Manisha Bhardwaj
Department of Chemistry, C C S University, Meerut, U. P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
Terephthalamide has been synthesized from the degradation of PET waste through ammonolysis and was
characterized by different physicochemical methods like elemental analysis, FTIR, UV, and NMR. Complex
also has formed between terephthalmide and La-N which was further characterized with same technique and the
spectras have compared with parent compound terephthalamide An antifungal activity has been studied to
compare the effect of complexation on fungal species F. oxysporum and P. notatum and results indicated that
the complexation of terephthalamide with Lanthanum -nitrate has improved its antifungal properties. Thus the
synthesized complex could be used as good antifungal agent for various applications such as paints, water
treatment and coating on medical devices, food packaging, medical application and health care related materials
OP-89: Novel Strategies to the facile one pot synthetic entry of Isoxazole to the Indolin-
2-One Nucleus
Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal, Vandana Singh and D. Kishore
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Ubiquitous presence of indolin-2, 3-dione and indolin-2-one in a vast array of bioactive molecules has
stimulated intense research efforts to be directed towards the synthesis of their structural analogues where
different constitution and biological activity in new materials could allow them to be used as novel
chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, indolin-2-ones have been studied extensively with a renewed interest,
because of their ready accessibility, diverse chemical reactivity and a broad spectrum of their biological profiles.
Eversince, Waldmann et.al. have carried out a quantitative analysis of physiologically active natural product
scaffolds and showed that ones with two or three rings were most often found in active natural products, the
interest in the various facets of the chemistry of small molecules has expanded exponentially thereafter. In view
of this, the explorations of synthetic processes that lead to the development of small molecules of medicinal
importance by telescoping the multicomponent processes to a single operation is a rapidly emerging subject in
medicinal chemistry.
It has been recently shown that heterocycles that incorporate isoxazole in their molecules exhibit a wide range
of impressive biological properties including the anticancer and anti-HIV activities. In view of this, it was
considered of interest to incorporate the isoxazole nucleus in the molecular framework of such small molecule,
as indolin-2-one. The motivation for the incorporation of these pharmacophores derived its inspiration on this
premise that their presence in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to
enhance the overall biological potency of the parent nucleus.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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62
A survey of literature on the one pot synthesis of widely known heterocyclic nuclei revealed that oxoketene
dithioacetal, , unsaturated ketone, dimethylamino methylene ketone, and oxo-enolic ethers (derived from
the carbonyl species containing an active methylene group), provided an unprecedented opportunity to the
synthesis of heterocycles containing five, six and seven membered rings, on their reactions with bidentate
nucleophiles. Consideration of factors on reactivity, compound availability, synthetic economy and simplicity in
operation, led us to favour the use of these synthans to the synthesis of isoxazole incorporated analogues of
indolin-2-one, by their reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (scheme-1). Application of this methodology
on the reactive synthans 1, 2, 3 and 4 afforded the desired products 5, 6, 7, and 8 respectively in acceptable
yields. The products were tested for purity by TLC and characterized by microanalysis, IR, 1H-NMR and MS
data. The exploration of chemistry and biological activity of the compounds are under study.
OP-90: Ecofriendly UV Curing Technology
Meenu Teotia and R. K. Soni
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
Radiation induced polymerization is an efficient method for fast generation of highly crosslinked polymer
networks from liquid resin systems
1
. Various types of radiations, such as, radiation
2
, and electron beams
3
UV
radiation
4,5
are used for initiation of polymerization reaction. It is a method of choice because of lower cost of
equipment and also the safety requirements can easily be met.
UV technology was first introduced to the industry more than 30 years ago and is now growing at fast pace. In
last two decades solvent free formulations based on UV curing systems have been developed and
commercialized in all industrial sectors such as glass, printing, packaging, decorative coatings, varnishes and
fabrication of composites. It is the most ecoefficient technology when compared with different industrial coating
technologies under ecoefficiency analysis In the present paper, some of the ecofriendly and efficient techniques
have been discussed. Further an attempt has been made to assess the future prospects and requirements.
OP-91: Synthesis Of Some Substituted Indoles As Antiviral Agent
Murali Manohar Tiwari
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected];[email protected]
Isatins have been associated with antiviral activity .1-Methyl-1-indoline-2,3-dione-3-thio semicarbazone was
found to be effective against small pox virus in man. N-Mannich bases of 5-halogen substituted isatin -- thio
semicarbazone have been found to be active against Vaccinia Virus. Also 1-(substituted amino methyl ) 2-oxo-
3-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl hydrazono)-5-substituted indoles have been found to be active against SRV in vivo as
well as in vitro. 6-Cyno-5-methoxy2methyl- indolo- carbazole was found to be active against HSV-II virus.
On the basis of above findings Synthesis 1-(substituted aminomethyl)-2-oxo-3(2-mercaptoacetyl)hydrizino-5-
substituted indoles were carried and tested against EMC virus and found to be active.
OP-92: Zirconyl nitrate catalyzed: solvent-free synthesis of 2-
aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles
Parvin Kumar
*
, Dinesh Kumar and Ramesh C. Kamboj
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
[email protected]
In this study, a simple and efficient synthesis of 2-aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles by the reaction of 2-
aminothiophenol and aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes catalyzed by zirconyl nitrate (ZrO(NO
3
)
2
) under solvent-free
condition at room temperature is demonstrated. All the reactions were carried out by grinding the 2-
aminothiophenol and aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes with (ZrO(NO
3
)
2
) in a mortar with pestle. Zirconyl nitrate act as
an efficient oxidizing reagent in the present protocol. The advantages of this protocol are the one-step
procedure, mild and solvent-free reaction conditions, short reaction time, practical application by large-scale
synthesis, high yields of the products, and no side reactions.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
63
OP-93:Volumetric and viscometric studies on N-N dimethyl acetamide methyl alcohol,
ethyl alcohol & n- propyl alcohol binary mixture at 303.15 K
A. G. Peshwe
1
and B. R. Arbad
2
1
P.G. Department of chemistry, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra., India
2
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University, Aurangaba, Maharashtra, India
[email protected]
Densities and viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of N, N dimethyl acetamide (NND) with polar solvents viz
methanol, ethanol & n- propanol have been measured at 303.15, K .From the density and viscosity data the
values of various properties viz excess molar volume (V
E
), excess viscosity (
E
) and excess Gibbs free energy
of activation of flow (G
E
) have been determined .Further the viscosities of binary mixtures have been
correlated to various viscosity models.
On the basis of the values of interaction parameters of these viscosity models and also on the basis of the values
of various excess properties, the nature of molecular interactions between the components of mixtures have been
explained.
OP-94: Effect of UV Irradiation in vitro on organic Constituents of human Exoskleton
in Different Age Groups
Poonam Mathur
1
, A. K. Sinha
2
, Ashok Kumar
3
1
Manav Rachna Interrnational University, Faridabad, Haryana, India,
2
Department. of Chemistry, K.R. (PG) Collecge, Mathura, U. P., India
3
School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, St. Johns College, Agra, U. P., India
[email protected]
In present scenario of pollution and UV radiation, it is our urgent requirement to determine the baseline levels of
organic constituents in human being. Pollution and UV exposure cause major health problems in general
population. It is very difficult and expensive to access or screen in our country due to limited resources. This
paper deals with quantitative determination of crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein in human hair and
nails.
Biological samples were collected for environmental quality investigations. Hair and nails were collected in
Faridabad city during 2008-09. Faridabad is district of Haryana State from August 15
th
, 1979. Faridabad is
about 25 kms. from Delhi in 28 25 16 North Latitude and 77 18 28 East Longitude.
Hair and Nails samples were collected randomly from male and female subject of selected group aged from 5
years to 60 years of different social status. Organic constituentsviz Crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein
levels in male and female hair and nails were examined.
Maximum percentage decrease of crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein were 2%, 0.522% and 0.62%
respectively in all age groups of human hair and nails after irradiation for one hour.
OP-95: Oxidation Studies of Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols by Imidazolium
Fluorochromate: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach
Deepika Sharma and Pradeep K. Sharma
Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Oxidation of several aliphatic secondary alcohols by imidazolium fluorochromate (IFC) in dimethylsulfoxide
(DMSO) leads to the formation of corresponding ketones. The reaction is first order each in IFC. A Michaelis-
Menten type of kinetics are observed with respect to the alcohols. The reaction is catalysed by hydrogen ions.
The hydrogen-ion dependence has the form: k
obs
= a + b[H
+
]. The oxidation of benzhydrol--d (PhCDOHPh)
exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (k
H
/k
D
= 5.71 at 298 K). The oxidation of 2-propanol has
been studied in nineteen different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analysed using Taft's and
Swain's multiparametric equations. The reaction was subjected to both polar and steric effects of the
substituents. A mechanism involving transfer of hydride ion from alcohol to the oxidant, via a chromate ester,
has been proposed.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
64
OP-96: The Chemistry of , -Ditosyloxy Ketones: New and Convenient Route for the
Synthesis of 4,5-Diarylisoxazoles from ,-Chalcone Ditosylates
Raj Kamal
1
, Deepak Sharma, Deepak Wadhwa and Om Prakash
1
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshrtra, Haryana, India
[email protected]
The reaction of ,-chalcone ditosylates with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in suitable conditions leads to 1,2-
aryl shift, thereby providing a new route for the synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted isoxazoles.
OP-97: Studies on Development of biodegradable formulation of natural rubber latex
S. N. Mishra
1
and R. K. Soni
2
1
HTCP Cell, SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
2
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
Natural rubber is a strategic raw material used in the manufacture of more than 40000 products, including more
than 400medical devices. Although more than 2500 plant species are known to produce natural rubber, all
commercially-available natural rubber currently is harvested from a single species, Hevea brasiliensis(the
Brazilian rubber tree). Primarily due toits molecular structurecis1,4polyisoprene) and high molecularweight (>1
MDa) natural rubber has high performance properties, such as elasticity, resilience, heat dispersion and abrasion
resistance, that cannot easily be mimicked by arti-ficially produced polymers. Demand for natural rubber has
increased throughout the twentieth century despite competition from synthetic rubber
From the study it is very much obvious that addition of resin adhetives have enhanced the biodegradation
manifold and both the resin adhetive are equally effective in biodegradation. The increase in the quantity of
resin additive also aeccelerates the biodegradation. However, a balance is required to be maintained while
taking care of processibility of dipping compounds depending upon the nature of product.
OP-98: Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Complex relevant to Green
Chemistry
Seema Baniwal
1
, Suresh kumar
2
and H. V. Pant
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Vikasnagar Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Talwari, Government Degree College, Talwari,
Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India
3
SGRR PG College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Green Chemistry is emerging as a major field of science in our world today because of the problems we face in
the environment. New classes of Pollutants are turning up in the drinking water as traces of insecticides,
pharmaceutical products, dyes and cosmetics etc., causing a serious threat to both human and animal Health.
Macrocyclic chemistry plays an important role in the same in form of Fe-TAML (iron complex of Tetraamido
macrocyclic ligand), which works as activators for hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants to break down a wide
variety of obstinate pollutants into biodegradable products.
Prompted by this fact, in the present paper we report the synthesis and characterization of new iron complex of
[Me
2
(12)diene N
4
], where tetradentate macrocyclic complex of iron was synthesized by template condensation
of triethylenetetraamine and 2,4-butanedione in presence of trivalent iron salt. The complex was characterized
by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR and
1
H NMR spectroscopy.
OP-99: TLC Enantioresolution of () Naproxen on -Cyclodextrin Impregnated
Silica Gel Layers
Shalini Joshi
1
, Amrita Sharma
2
and M. S. M. Rawat
3
1
Department of Chemistry, K.L.D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India
3
Department of Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttrakhand, India
[email protected]
Enantiomeric resolution has wide applications in various fields specially in pharmaceuticals and environmental
issues where chirality affects human health. Derivatives of 2- aryl propionic acids are an important group of
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
65
chiral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) most of which are marketed as racemates, even though
they are known to be stereoselective in their action. Enantiomeric resolution of naproxen has been achieved on
silica gel layers, bulk impregnated with -cyclodextrin. Solvent systems Ethanol- Ammonia (5: 0.5, v/v)
successfully resolved the enantiomers of () - naproxen and detection limits were also determined. Detection
was performed by UV chamber thereby avoiding use of iodine vapours which is harmful for human health as
well as environment. Effects of temperature, concentration of chiral selector and mobile phase variation were
also studied. Method is extremely simple and reproducible. Use of native -Cyclodextrin impregnated silica gel-
G layers for resolution of -blockers presents a new approach based on inclusion complexation and hence can
be further explored for studying chiral recognition of other compounds also by TLC.
OP-100: Effect of Organic and In-organic nutrients on the herbage yield and chemical
composition of the volatile oil of Matricaria chamomilla L.
M. M. Nadim and Shamim Ajaz
Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
[email protected]
Chamomile has been used in herbal remedies for thousands of years, It is an ingredient of several traditional,
Unani, Ayurvedic and Homeopathy medicinal preparations. Chamomile is used mainly as an anti-inflammatory,
antiseptic, also antispasmodic. The flowers of M. chamomilla contain the blue essential oil from 0.2 to 1.9%,
which finds a variety of uses like a mild sedative, digestive, antibacterial and fungicidal. In addition oil is
extensively used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and in food industry. Because of its extensive
pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties, the plant possesses great economic value and is in great
demand.
In the present scenario it is necessary to study on the effect of organic and inorganic nutrients in the
improvement of herbage yield and chemical constituents of the volatile oil of M. chamomilla. The experiment
was conducted in the herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi. The treatments were control,
recommended doses of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Farm Yard Manure respectively. Organic and in-organic
nutrients enhanced the herbage yield as well as the percentage of the chemical constituents in the volatile oil of
M. Chamomilla like -Bisabolol , Chamazulene and -Bisabolol oxide A .
OP-101: pHmetric Titration: A Green Approach
Shilpa Jain and Monika Datta
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
[email protected]
Working toward greener experiments is imperative for responsible chemist but the amount of analyte used in
teaching laboratories is often very large .The existing methodology for the practice of pH metric titration
experiments typically require 20 40 ml of the titrant . This results in the consumption of significant volumes of
titrant and titrand per student.
The present work demonstrates a methodology for successful titration with titrant volume 1-5ml using dibasic
acids whose pH metric titration curves are well established. The titration curves matches very well with the best
result reported so far using conventional method which involves 20 40 ml of the titrant volume.
This methodology has been further extended for the estimation of Heteropolyacids (HPAs) from 1ml of aqueous
solution and from the nature of the titration curve stability of the acid can be verified. This calibration could be
further used to estimate the amount of heteropolyacid retained on heterogeneous support.
OP-102: Highly Efficient one POT, Solid Phase Synthesis of Aurones at room
Temperature
Suresh Kumar
1
and J. K. Makrandi
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra university, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
Department of Chemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Aurones i.e. 2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones constitute a sub class of naturally occurring compounds
which are structurally isomeric to flavones and biogenetically related to chalcones, and are responsible for
imparting beautiful yellow colours to some of the flower petals. However because of limited occurrence in
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
66
nature, the chemistry of the aurones have been little investigated compared to structural analogues i.e. flavones
and isoflavones. A highly efficient one pot solid phase approach to hydroxy aurones and their partial methyl
ether have been achieved directly from substituted 2-hydroxy phenacyl chloride just by grinding with aryl
aldehyde using activated barium hydroxide as solid base and support. Aurones were obtained in excellent yield
within few minutes without extraction from organic solvent just by acidification of the reaction mixture. This
method avoids the prior preparation of benzofuran-3(2H)-ones by cyclisation of corresponding 2-hydroxy
phenacyl chloride.
OP-103: H
+
, Zn
++
and Cd
++
modified forms of ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y as Catalyst for
synthesis of fine chemical
S.Dheeraj, Nandanvankar H. V. and U. D Joshi
*
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
[email protected]
During the last few decades, various environmentally unfriendly processes in bulk and fine chemical industries
are being replaced with cleaner catalytic processes. In recent years, the use of porous material zeolite in the
manufacture of fine chemicals and chemical intermediates has attracted interest owing to their special features
such as shape selectivity, controlled variability, their reusability and eco-friendly nature, the characters sought
for in green chemistry. Zeolites have been explored as efficient industrial catalysts for production of amines in
petrochemical and fine chemical industries hence the research work is carried out with study of catalytic
behavior of pre and post modified zeolites.
In this work the conversion of cyclohexanone over metal modified zeolite materials under reductive amination
conditions at atmospheric pressure, were studied and to compare the effect of different amounts of metal percent
on the conversion was examined. Zeolite ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 33) and Y (Si/Al = 5) were synthesized from coal fly
ash in our laboratory by using hydrothermal method. These were converted in to their protonic forms as H-
ZSM-5 and H-Y Zeolites. These zeolites are further modified with the transition metal ions such as Zn
++
and
Cd
++
. 2wt%, 4wt% and 6wt% concentrated salt solutions of Zn
++
and Cd
++
metals in their acetate forms were
prepared and used for batch ion exchange with zeolites. The ion exchange was done for a period of 12 hours
followed by filtration and kept for drying at 100
0
C overnight. The obtained samples of modified zeolites were
calcined at 450
0
C for 4 hours. In order to obtain a comprehensive picture of ZeoliteH-ZSM-5, H-Y and their
modified forms morphology, physicochemical state and strength, sophisticated analytical techniques like XRD,
FT-IR, SEM, and EDAX have been employed. These zeolites were used as catalyst in Reductive amination of
cyclohexanone/ cyclohexanol the products identified were Cyclohexylamine, N-Cyclohexylidene,
Cyclohexanone, 2-Cylohexylidene. The major product being Cyclohexylamine,N-Cyclohexylidene. Effect of
different type, different amounts and various metal percents of zeolite catalysts for the reductive amination
reactions for the conversion, selectivity of the products and the comparative performance were studied under the
standard conditions of the reactions. In all our observations Zeolite Y is more active for this reaction than zeolite
ZSM5. The conversion of cyclohexanone over Zn-Y was 62% and over Cd-Y it was 56%. The selectivity
towards N-Cyclohexylidene was greater with Zn-Y when compared with Cd-Y; it was 85% and 75%.
Selectivity is also greater with Y Zeolite. The conversion of cyclohexanone increases with Zn loading. For
example, over zeolite H-Y the conversion increases from 55 % in the absence of Zn to 65% on 2% loading
which further increases to 80 % with 6 % loading. The same trend was seen with the zeolite HZSM-5 also.
Indeed, among them reductive amination reaction is the most widely applied technology for the conversion of
base chemicals to commercially important products.
OP-104: Development of an Elegant Protocol to the Incorporation of Privileged Nucleus
of 1, 5-Benzodiazepine to the s-Triazine framework through an Aminomethyl
Piperidone Bridge
Vandana Singh, Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal and D. kishore
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The advent of anti-HIV activity in 1, 4 benzo(pyrido) diazepines [TIBO and FDA approved Nevirapine etc.] has
been hailed as a major step forward in the battle against HIV/AIDS. We considered it of interest to incorporate
1,5-benzodiazepine molecule, alongwith other bioactive pharmacophores onto the s-triazine nucleus to develop
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
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67
biologically relevant molecules with widespread applications as therapeutics. s-Triazine derivative (2,4,6-
trichloro-1,3,5-triazine:TCT) was selected for this study with this idea in mind that this molecule on one hand is
biologically highly active and on the other hand it provides a template to hold the three biologically active
pharmacophores together in the same molecule.
4-Methyl-1,3-dihydro-1H-(1,5)-benzodiazepin-2-one (2) formed the key precursor in the proposed synthesis and
was obtained using the literature procedure from the reaction o-phenylenediamine (1) with acetoacetic ester.
Compound 2 was transformed to its imino thiomethyl ether derivatives (3) using Lawessons reagent followed
by alkylation with CH
3
I. The exceptional reactivity of imino thiomethyl ether derivatives with nucleophiles was
explored to effect the reaction of 3 with 4-piperidone (4) to give 5. In order for the proposed synthesis to be
propelled forward further in the direction depicted in scheme-1, we required the presence of an amino methyl
group on 2-position of the piperidone fragments in 6 for its attachment to the 6-postion of 6-chloro-2,4-
dicyclopropylamine-1,3,5-triazine (7). We envisioned, that installation of an amino methyl group in 6 could
possibly be achieved on carrying out the Mannichs reaction on it, with CH
2
O and bis-trimethylsilyl amine,
followed by hydrolysis of the trimethylsilyl groups. This methodology when applied on 5 formed 6, whose
reaction with 7 generated the desired product 8. Purity of 8 was checked by TLC and characterized by elemental
analysis, IR,
1
HNMR and MS data. Exploration of its biological activity is in progress.
OP-105: Isolation of astragalin, a flavonol glucoside, from the stem of nyctanthes
arbor-tristis linn
Rachna Jain
*
and Mridula Mittal
Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. P. G. College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India
[email protected]
Astragalin (kampferol 3-O--D-glucopyranoside),a flavonol glucoside, is known to possess a variety of
biological activities viz. antioxidant, antiamoebic, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic,hepatoprotective,anti-
inflammatory etc.It is one of the major flavonoids found in a number of plants.It has been isolated from the
whole plant(comprising leaves, flowers,stalks,roots and seeds) extract of Thesium chinense,a herb grown
through out the China.The compound has also been reported in the leaves of Uvaria rufa ,in trichomes isolated
from green fruits of Solanum crinitum,fruits of Cornus kousa, petals of Rosa rugosa,and in leaves of Nyctanthes
arbor-tristis linn.(Family-Oleaceae) In our study,phytochemical investigation of the stem part of Nyctanthes
arbor-tristis was under taken which led to the isolation of astragalin.Dried stem of the plant was
powdered,extracted with methanol and chromatographed over Si-gel column.Astragalin was isolated from the
100%methanol fraction and was collected by ptlc.Characterization of the compound was done by melting point
determination and spectral studies (IR,UV,NMR and Mass) and confirmed with available data.
OP-106: Voltametric redox patterns of some biorelevant sulfonamide azomethines
Rajeev Jain, A. K. Halve, Rachana Kathal
*
, Pradeep Soni and Amit Kankoriya
School of Studies in Chemisrty, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
A series of azomethines of sulfathiazole was synthesized along with the incorporation of methyl substituted
azosalicylaldehydes. The synthesized compounds showed efficient curbing potential against the tested
pathogenic bacteria. Studies on the voltametric behavior of the synthesized azomethines have generated
resources to understand the relations of the biological behavior of the synthesized drugs with their redox
patterns in the polarographic, coulometric and cyclic voltametric analysis. The polarographic and coulometric
data is suggestive of reductive cleavage of the imine & the azoic sites.
OP-107: Annealing Effect on Structural, Transport and Optical Properties of
Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films
L. P. Purohit
*
, Vinod Kumar and R. Kumar
Department of Physics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Thin films of Zinc Oxide were deposited on corning glass substrate by sol-gel method. Zinc acetate dehydrate,
methanol and monoethanolamine were used as a Zinc source materials, solvent and stabilizer, respectively. ZnO
films have been annealed at different temperature ranging from 350C to 550C. X-ray diffraction was used to
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February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
68
investigate the structural properties of the ZnO films. Crystallite size of ZnO was found to be varying from 18 to
30 nm with change annealing temperature. A Scanning emission microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm
surface morphologies of ZnO films. The lowest sheet resistance was found to be at annealing temperature
450C. Sheet resistance is found to increase with increase in grain size. The band gap energy exhibits red shift
from 3.26 to 3.22 eV with increase in annealing temperature.
OP-108: Development of Activated Nanoporous Carbons from Agricultural Solid
Wastes and Applications to the Removal and Recovery of Organics and Inorganics
from Water Adsorption Dynamics
Chinnaiya Namasivayam
Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
[email protected]
Adsorption onto carbon dates back to 2000 B.C. Old medical scripts in Sanskrit from India gave the following
prescription: It is good to keep water in copper kettles, to expose it to sunlight and to filter it through charcoal.
The most important adsorbent employed in water treatment is activated carbon, which is manufactured from
coal, lignite, peat, coconut shell etc. by several processes. Compared with other adsorbents, activated carbon,
available as powdered activated carbon(PAC) or granular activated carbon(GAC) offers the advantage of
removing a wide range of compounds. Activated carbon is not only used for water treatment but also for
treatment of polluted air, the recycling of solvents and manufacture of chemicals, pharmaceutical products and
food. Adsorption may be physical or chemical. Whereas physical adsorption is reversible, chemisorption is not
reversible. While physical adsorption and chemisorption can be easily distinguished at their extremes, many
cases fall between the two. Agricultural solid wastes are generated in huge quantities in countries like India,
though a part of it is used as manure. Hence major problems of solid waste disposal arises. So it is essential
either to find suitable ways for the safe disposal of the wastes or to suggest novel uses, considering them as by-
products. Otherwise these will remain an accumulated waste, contributing highly to environmental pollution.
The choice between recovery of valuable materials from waste and disposal of waste depends mainly on these
factors: technology, economics and attitude.
In developing countries like India, conventional water treatment chemicals like alum, ferric chloride, polymer
flocculants and coal based activated carbons do not find attraction, because they are not cost-effective.
Inexpensive and more easily available adsorbents would make the removal of pollutants economically viable
alternatives. Lignocellulosic wastes like coir pith, peanut hull are discarded in the agricultural sector.
Namasivayam and coworkers have investigated to recycle these agricultural solid wastes to develop activated
nanoporous carbons by a number of processes and used as adsorbents. Activated carbons made from peanut hull
showed good adsorption capacity for the removal of toxic metals from industrial wastewaters. Physically and
chemically activated carbons derived from coir pith were found to be efficient for the removal of dyes, phenols
and toxic metal ions from water. Results of batch mode adsorption studies using the above non-conventional
adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals, anions, dyes and phenols and applications to the treatment of
real/synthetic polluted water will be presented in this lecture. Kinetics and temperature effects of adsorption will
be discussed.
OP-109: Clay based nanopigments as multifunctional colorants
Manpreet Kaur and Monika Datta
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
[email protected]
A method has been developed for the modification of clay for the synthesis of clay supported nanopigments. A
variety of organic dyes belonging to different classes have been used for this purpose such as acid dyes, direct
dyes, reactive dyes etc. The mechanism of immobilization of these dyes on to the clay support has been
investigated. The nanopigments synthesized have been characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD), FT-
RAMAN, UV-DRIFT and TEM/HRTEM techniques. The FT-RAMAN spectra show the characteristic peaks
belonging to the organic dye and the UV-DRIFT spectra of the clay based pigment shows no significant shift in
the absorption maxima of the organic dye. The particle size of the pigments was found to be in the range of 3
nm to 20 nm as evident from the TEM images. The percentage of the dye required to produce the effective
colour was ~ 0.3%.The synthesized nanopigments were dispersed in the polymeric matrix and thin films were
made which exhibited uniform colour, good transparency with improved thermal stability as found by the
differential scanning calorimetric (DSC)studies.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
69
These results demonstrate that these clay based nanopigments offers a new range of potential applications as
multifunctional materials.
OP-110: Toxicological Aspects of Nanoparticles
R.K. Soni and Priyanka Arora
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
[email protected]
Wide applications of nanoparticles in different fields like chemical, biomedical, optical, pharmaceutical,
electronic, environmental detection and monitoring etc., has intensified research effort in this field in the recent
years. At the nanoscale, the physical and chemical properties of particles change which has not only created new
opportunities but has also posed new risks and uncertainties. In the present work, an assessment of the
toxicological aspects of nanoparticles is carried out. Because of their minute size they spread easily through the
atmosphere, contaminate aquatic environment and thus cause environmental damage. Nanoparticles even
represent health risk as they easily penetrate even the minutest of the biological structures like cell and cell
organelles and thus disrupting their normal function.
OP-111: Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of BaZrO
3
: Eu nanophosphors
V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar and Sheetal
Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Now a day, rare earth ions-activated nanophosphors materials have been attracting much interest due to the
excellent luminescence and potential applications in luminescent devices. Eu
3+
doped BaZrO
3
nanophosphors
have been prepared by solution combustion synthesis using urea as a fuel in a preheated furnace at 500
0
C.
Structure and luminescent properties of BaZrO
3
: Eu
3+
materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction,
scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. XRD
pattern shows that the product has a high degree of crystallinity and the crystal size was also calculated. SEM
was used for study of surface morphology and the results also show that BaZrO
3
: Eu
3+
perovskites belong to
cubic structure. The incorporation of Eu
3+
activator in these nanoparticles was checked by luminescence studies.
The emission spectra recorded under UV excitation exhibited strongest peak at 596 nm, emitting orange red
light, assigned to the transition [
5
D
0
7
F
1
] of Eu
3+
. The dominating
5
D
0
7
F
1
transition shows that Eu
3+
ions
are located at a symmetry site. These materials may be used in the fields of high-performance luminescent
devices, catalysts and other functional materials due to their exceptional electronic, optical and chemical
characteristics arising from 4f electrons.
OP-112: Design Synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Thiosemicarbazones
A. K. Halve and Jitendra Kumar Gupta
*
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
[email protected]
Antimicrobial agents are the greatest contribution of present century to chemotherapy. The biological activity of
chemotherapeutic agents is immensely associated with N and S atoms. Thiosemicarbazones belongs to an
important family of these heterocyclic compounds found to be endowed with diverse biological activities in its
own right such as tuberculostatic, fungicidal, pesticidal, herbicidal, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal. A series
of thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized by these reaction of azobenzaldehydes with
thiosemicabazides. Purity of synthesized compounds have been ascertained by thin layer chromatography using
acetone / n-hexane (1:3). and structures were assigned on the basis of elemental and spectral analysis. The
synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by using disc diffusion
technique against two bacterial pathogens viz S. aureus, E. coli, & two fungal pathogens namely C. albicanes,
A. niger. Chloramphenicol and fluconazole were used as respective standard drugs. The synthesized
thiosemicarbazones exhibit good activity for the selected bacterial and fungal strains
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
70
Isabgol husk, a well known natural non-toxic edible remedy obtained from seed husk of Plantago ovata is used
from ancient time in all therapeutic systems to relive the constipation problem. In the present study, it was
applied to formulate mucoadhesive microparticulate system of gliclazide along with sodium alginate as
hardening agent. Gliclazide is an anti-diabetic agent of sulfonyl urea category and generally used in NIIDDM
(Type II diabetes). It is water insoluble in nature having biological half life of 2 to 8 hours. The preparations
were prepared by ionic gelation cross-linking technique by using calcium chloride as counter ion in different
strength say 2, 5 and 8%w/v. The formulations thus prepared were evaluated for particle size distribution,
swelling, drug loading, mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release in distilled water, acidic and basic environment;
FTIR, DSC and surface topography.
The preparations were administered to normal rabbits (n=3) by oral route for X-ray study after barium meal to
assess the effect of transition time on mucoadhesion. The anti-diabetic effect was also observed in
streptozotocin induced diabetic rabbits (n=6) through blood glucose level determination by glucose strip
method. The study revealed the suitability of Isabgol husk in controlling the release of incorporated gliclazide as
well as in mucoadhesion.
OP-124: Green Buildings: A Vedic Approach
Suyash Bhardwaj
1
and Murli Manohar Tiwari
2
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
2
Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings use resources energy, water,
and materials while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better site,
design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal the complete Building life cycle. Buildings are
significant users of energy, water, and material resources, as well as major contributors to environmental
degradation associated with the use of these resources. Without significant increases and improvements in
building practices, the negative impact of the built environment on human and environmental health is likely to
increase dramatically in future decades.
Vastu shastra is an ancient Indian science that lays down the guidelines of architecture and buildings.
Architecture or Shilpa Shastras describes the standards for religious Hindu iconography, prescribing among
other things, the proportions of a sculptured figure, as well as rules of Hindu architecture. Vastu believes that
there are essentially two types of forces positive and negative; which are equal but act opposite to each other.
When a structure is build over the surface of the earth it comes in natural interaction with these forces, the
intensity of forces differ according to the factors like levels or floor, water bodies, door placement etc. If the
structure is build such that positive forces override the negative forces, then the beneficial bio-energy thus
released helps all the inmates to be healthy.
There are sayings such as:
Nadi Shotriyo Raja Devagyo Na Chikitasak Tatra Vaso Na Kartavaya : A place where there is no river (Source
of water - pond or well, etc.), scholar, astrologer, ruler and medical expert, should not be selected for living
thereon, it should be rejected.
Dushta Bharya Shath Mitra Bhratiyaschottar Dayak; Sasarpe Ch Grahey Vaso Mirturev Na Sanshaya : If there is
house in which lives an unfaithful wife, a foolish friend, an outspoken servant and a snake, the owner of such a
house may die at any moment. If such things are associated with the house constructed by someone, the life of
the inmates become troublesome and unhappy, and there is always a fear of death.
This paper presents a greener approach to the architecture of modern buildings according to vedic and hindu
iconology. This concept may be used to improve the life of buildings, the air circulation and the health of
inmates. Status of green building in various cities of India and the concept of green building shall also be
discussed.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
76
pyrimidine part. In a quest to find possible substitute to HAART, it was thought that the impact which the
incorporation of etravirine (or its above vital components) on to the 1, 5- benzodiazepine nucleus could produce
on the anti-hiv potential in the resulting materials was worth investigating.
We report in this communication, the preliminary results of our study launched on its first phase, to incorporate
the p-cyanophenylamino, p-cyanophenoxyl and amino pyrimidine parts on to the 2-position of 1, 5
benzodiazepine nucleus to generate six analogues, as possible potential substitutes to HAART in anti HIV
chemotharepy the biological potential of these materials with particular refrence to their application as
substitutes to HAART, is under study.
PP-3: Effect of micronization on release Kinetic of both micronized and non-micronized
glimepiride 4 mg tablets
Abhimanyu
1*
, Ravi Pratap
1
, Ashish Pandey
1
and Vivek Trivedi
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FAMS), Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India
2
Sun Pharma, Plot no. 754, Setipool, Nandok, Ranipool, East Sikkim, India
[email protected]
The aim of present research work was to evaluate in-vitro drug release kinetic of 4mg tablets containing non-
micronized and micronized glimepiride by using micronization technology. In order to achieve this goal several
tablets were developed, optimized and characterized. Best optimized tablet formulation was selected for further
studies. Two batches of the tablets were prepared, one for non-micronized glimepiride tablets (4mg) and the
other for micronized glimepiride tablets (4mg). These tablets were subjected to evaluation studies such as
micromeritics, compatibility, physical properties viz. hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and content
uniformity, dissolution. Total experiment was carried out quite methodically and scientifically. Micromeritics
properties of powder blend of both non-micronized and micronized glimepiride 4mg tablets for direct
compression were found within permissible limits for successful compression. From the research carried out it
was found that the physical properties of non-micronized and micronized glimepiride tablets such as hardness,
thickness, friability, weight variation and content uniformity all were found within the Pharmacopoeial limit. No
drug-excipients interaction was confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy which indicates the mutual compatibility.
Finally, accelerated stability study was performed and results were compared between the two batches. Results
of this study revealed that micronized tablet formulation of glimepiride 4mg released more drug content i.e.
102.745.13% when compared to non micronized tablets which had released just 59.618.64 %. From the
present research it can be concluded that micronization of a poorly soluble drug such as glimepiride is an
important technique to enhance the rate of dissolution.
PP-4: Allelopathic effects of decomposed walnut leaf on Radish (raphanus sativus l.) and
Mustard (brassica spp.) seed germination and seedling growth in Uttarakhand
Himalayas
R. S. Bali, Abhishek Bahuguna
*
and Sandhya Bahuguna
College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, GBPUA&T Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Phytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of walnut leaf was studied on germinating seeds and early seedling
growth of two vegetable crops Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Pusa chetki and Mustard (Brassica spp.) cv.
Karanti under western Himalayan agrisilvisystem. Five treatments comprised of distilled water (Control =0%)
40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of leaf extracts were treated. The effect of aqueous extracts was found
inhibitive with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Both the
varieties exhibited extent of phytotoxicity at 100% extracts application in comparison to untreated control.
Invariably there was a decrease in first count, germination, seedling root and shoot length, seedling fresh and
dry weight with increasing aqueous extracts concentration on germinating Pusa chetki and Karanti. Present
investigation shows that the tree species have allelopathic potential and contain water-soluble substances. They
have inhibitory effects at higher concentrations but at low concentrations they have stimulatory effects. Walnut
(Juglans regia L.) is a large deciduous fruit tree with long fragrant leaves, distributed in the Himalayas between
1375-3350 m. asl, extending in the west to Afganistan and east to Bhutan. In the Himalayas, the walnut is one of
the first species to lose its leaves, tree becoming leafless from September to October i.e. the right time of rabi
crop sowing in hills. Presence of trees in agri-silvi system results in direct exposure of associated crop to
continuous release of chemicals. These chemicals influence local environment, germination and growth and
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
78
plants. The effects of these chemicals on other plants are known as allelopathy to be dependent on the
concentration released into the soil /environment.
PP-5: Allelopathic effects of walnut leaf extracts on seed germination and subsequent
seedling growth of grain Amaranth (amaranthus spp.) Under north-west Himalaya agri-
silvi system
Abhishek Bahuguna, Birendra Prasad
*
, Sandhya Bahuguna and D. K. Shukla
College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, GBPUA&T, Hill Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the
production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment. Allelochemicals are present in many types
of plants and are released into the rhizosphere by a variety of mechanism, including decomposition of residues,
volatilizations and root exudation. These chemicals are known to affect germination, growth, development,
distribution and reproduction of a number of plant species. The experiment was conducted under the laboratory
conditions at GBPUA&T, Hill Campus, Ranichauri. Fresh fallen leaves of walnut (Juglans regia L.) were
collected near by area of GBPUAT, Hill Campus, Ranichauri in the month of first week of October, 2010.
Leaves were dried in open sunlight, mechanically crushed and made a fine powder. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and
120g of fine powder were soaked in 1000 ml. distilled water at 25+ 2
0
C for 48 h to comprise of seven treatments
(Control = 0%), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% concentration respectively. 100 seeds of each treatment
were placed separately in pre-sterilized petri-dishes with two fold filter paper at the bottom. The experiment was
laid out in CRD with three replications. 10 ml distilled water each of control and six concentration of leaf
extracts were added in each Petri-dish on first day and 5 ml later or as and when required. The effect of aqueous
extracts was found inhibitive indicating a direct proportional relationship with concentration dependent manner
on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of grain amaranth. Invariably there was a decrease in root,
shoot as well as seedling length, fresh and dry weight of seedling and vigour index with increasing walnut leaf
extracts concentration on grain amaranth. Result showed that germination percent varied from (10.67 to
63.67%), root length (1.60 to 4.54 cm), shoot length (0.92 to 2.99 cm), fresh weight (0.08 to 0.13 g), dry weight
(0.02 to 0.04 g), vigour index I (10.87 to 479.22 %) and vigour index II (0.11 to 2.55 %) having considerable
variation. It is might be due to walnut (Juglans regia L.) have phytotoxic effects on certain plants and toxic
principle of leaf extract is Juglone (5-OH-1, 4 naphthoquinone), an allelo-chemicals which is present in leaves,
hulls and inner root bark.
PP-6: Identification, Classification and Characterization of Some Important Microalgal
Species for Biodiesel Production
Ajay Kumar
1
and Neetu Singh
2
1
Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Biotech, MIM, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
Biodiesel is a proven fuel. Algae are sunlight-driven cell factories that convert carbon dioxide to potential
biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bioactives. Different species of algae are known to accumulate nutrients as
well as responsible for producing biodiesel. This paper focuses on identification, classification and
characterization of microalgal species as a potential source of biodiesel. Microalgae can provide several
different types of renewable biofuels. Microalgae commonly double their biomass within 24 h. Biomass
doubling times during exponential growth are commonly as short as 3.5 h. Oil content in microalgae can exceed
70% by weight of dry biomass. Oil levels of 2050% are quite common. Oil productivity, depends on the algal
growth rate and the oil content of the biomass. Microalgal biomass contains approximately 50% carbon by dry
weight (Snchez Mirn et al., 2003). All of this carbon is typically derived from carbon dioxide. Producing 100
t of algal biomass fixes roughly 183 t of carbon dioxide. Microalgae with high oil productivities are desired for
producing biodiesel. Microalgal oils can potentially completely replace petroleum as a source of hydrocarbon
feedstock for the petrochemical industry. For this to happen, microalgal oil will need to be sourced at a price
that is roughly related to the price of crude oil, as follows: C
algal oil
= 6.9 x 10
3
C
petroleum
, Where, C
algal oil
($ per
liter) is the price of microalgal oil and Cpetroleum is the price of crude oil in $ per barrel.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
79
green, i.e. eco-friendly. We need more practical and easy solutions to facilitate greater participation from people
for collective fight against global warming.
In this paper we are intended to discuss the techniques for energy efficient web surfing practices taking in
account some of the green friendly websites that helps in tracking carbon footprint, energy usage and overall
impact on earth. It will also include some tactics for saving energy and resources while surfing the web.
PP-10: Effect of Ammonia on Human Health
Alok Kulshreshtha
*
, Vivek Verma, Anurag Kulshreshtha and Ashok Kumar
School of Chemical Sciences, St. John's College, Agra, U. P., India
[email protected]
Ammonia is one of the most highly-produced inorganic chemicals. There are numerous large-scale ammonia
production plants worldwide, producing a total of 131,000,000 metric tons of ammonia in 2010-2011. China
produced 32.1% of the worldwide production, followed by India with 8.9%, Russia with 7.9%, and the United
States with 6.3%.
This irritant gas with a unique pungent odor also is used in the production of explosives, pharmaceuticals,
pesticides, textiles, leather, flame-retardants, plastics, pulp and paper, rubber, petroleum products, and cyanide.
Furthermore, ammonia is a major component of many common household cleaning and bleaching products (eg,
glass cleaners, toilet bowel cleaners, metal polishes, floor strippers, wax removers, smelling salts). About 80%
or more of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizing agricultural crops. Ammonia is also used for the
production of plastics, fibers, explosives, and intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals.
Permissible levels of exposure to toxic gases are defined by time-weighted average (TWA), short-term exposure
limit (STEL), and concentration at which toxic gasses are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). The
TWA is defined as the concentration for an 8-hour workday of a 40-hour workweek that nearly all workers can
be exposed to without adverse effects. Similarly, the STEL is the concentration to which an exposure of longer
than 15 minutes is potentially dangerous and may produce immediate or chronic compromise to health.
Anhydrous ammonia has a TWA of 25 ppm, an STEL of 35 ppm, and an IDLH of 500 ppm.
Although injury from ammonia most commonly is caused by inhalation, it also may follow ingestion or direct
contact with eyes or skin. The present study is designed to assess the effect of Ammonia on human health
especially in Mumbai area.
PP-11: Bulk Removal of Hazardous Halogen Dye Food Red Dye 105, from
wastewater through Adsorption
Alok Mittal and Damodar Jhare
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, M. P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
Bottom Ash, a waste of thermal power plant has been investigated for the adsorption of a hazardous halogen
containing dye Food Red 105 [IUPAC name, 4,5,6,7,-tetrachloro-2,4,5,7,-tetraiodofluorescein disodium salt
and Molecular formulae as C
20
H
2
Cl
4
I
4
Na
2
O
5
] from Wastewaters. The present research work deals with
optimization of experimental conditions along with its applicability to various important parameters like effect
sieve sizes of the adsorbents, amount of the adsorbent, concentration of the dye, effect of contact time,
temperature at 30
0
C and pH of the solution were analyzed for understanding the adsorptive abilities of the
adsorbents. The adsorption has been found to increase with decrease in the particle size. Under the bulk removal
Food Red 105 has been adsorbed through the column beds of Bottom Ash and the adsorbed dye has been
recovered by eluting dilute NaOH solution through exhausted columns. Thus it has been concluded that the
Bottom Ash can act as good alternative in wastewater treatment technology.
PP-12: Common weeds of kharif crops of block Chamba, District Tehri (Uttarakhand)
L.R.Dangwal, Aman Deep Singh
*
, Antima Sharma and Tajinder Singh
Herbarium and Plant Systematic Lab., H.N.B. Garhwal University, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The present communication pertains to the common weeds of kharif crops of block Chamba, District Tehri
(Uttarakhand). The study was based on extensive and intensive field surveys made during different months of
kharif season 2009-11. During the course of field study the authors have selected 05 important villages in block
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
81
Chamba i.e Nagni, Bundhargaon, Saundkoti, Sabli, Kaymalgaon. Three sites were selected in each villages. A
total of 56 weed species belonging to 03 monocot and 19 dicot families were reported from the study area. Out
of these 22 families the predominance was shown by monocot family Poaceae having 09 weed species followed
by families Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae each having 06 weed species.
PP-13: Physico-chemical properties of the water of river Ganga at Haridwar during
Maha Kumbh Mela, 2010
Amar Singh
*
, Rohit Chaudhary and R. K. Negi
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
During the Maha Kumbh mela festival, one of the largest religious gathering in the world, millions of pilgrims
around the globe take a holy dip in the river Ganga. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of this
mass bathing during main bathing dates on physico-chemical parameters of River Ganga water during the Maha
Kumbh (February to April), 2010 at Haridwar (Uttarakhand). Water samples were collected from three different
sites (Premngar Ashram Ghat, Shankar Ashram Ghat and Jathwara Bridge Ghat), situated on the bank of upper
Ganga canal.
Different water quality parameters such as water temperature, turbidity, transparency, total solids, total
dissolved solids, total suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen
demand, free co2, alkalinity, hardness and chloride were analyzed. The samplings were done in three phases at
each main bathing date i.e. before one day of bathing date, at the bathing day, and next day of bathing date
during morning. Results showed that higher values for total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids,
biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand & turbidity were observed at the main bathing date in
comparison to previous and next day of main bathing date at all three sites. On while other parameters such as
pH, dissolve oxygen, Transparency were found decreased. Alkalinity, chloride & Free CO
2
however showed no
regular trend among sites. The water was found to be hard during first three bathing dates and moderately hard
at 4
th
bathing date. Results revealed that the pollution level was increased at the day of bathing dates in
comparison to previous and next days.
PP-14: Green chemistry-happy and prosperous world
Amar Nath Chaudhary
Department of Chemistry, R. M. College, Saharsa, Bihar, India
[email protected]
The quantitative and qualitative developments of human activity with the advancement of Science and
Technology have been given positive benefits since age. However these benefits have been coupled with
resource depletion, ecological degradation as by product and environmental pollution. Well protected and
healthy environment is need of hour. This can be achieved by using Green chemistry. Green chemistry also
known as sustainable and eco-friendly chemistry has already demonstrated how chemistry can protect human
health and environment in an economically beneficial manner. Sustainable development means managing
resources effectively and maximizing the benefits we get from them so as not to overload the worlds ecosystem.
By using Green chemistry engineers scientists educationists can create safer future. Educationists have to adopt
green technology and their philosophy to be infused in education and research. Industries have to adopt green
technology because it will not be only beneficial for the society but provide costs benefits.
PP-15: Synthesis and in-vitro antifungal studies of some new 1-(2-{2-hydroxy-5-
[phenyldiazenyl]phenyl}-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylthiourea derivatives
A. K. Halve
1
, A. Kankoriya
2
and Rachana Kathal
3
1
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India,
2
GICTS college, Gwalior, M. P., India
3
Amity University, Gwalior, M. P., India
[email protected]
Pathogens immune response to exiting pharmaceuticals has risen dramatically in the last few decades due to the
structural modifications, genomic mutations and biochemical alterations acquired by the microorganisms. Since
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
82
many drugs available in the market cause side effects or face quickly developed resistance by the pathogens,
there is a general consensus that new antifungal compounds are urgently required for conquering these fungi.
Several five membered ring systems, e.g., triazole, oxadiazole, dithiazole and thiadiazole with three heteroatoms
at symmetrical or asymmetrical positions have been studied because of their interesting pharmacological
properties. In this article our emphasis is on synthetic development and pharmacological activity of the thiazole
moiety which exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-
inflammatory and anticancer etc.
The present work explains the synthesis and fungal sensitivity evaluation of new thiosemicarbazones and 4-
thiazolidinone, obtained using appropriate synthetic methodology. The structure of synthesized compounds was
assigned on the basis of elemental and spectral data. All the compounds were tested for sensitivity against a
panel of fungal organisms using disc diffusion method.
PP-16: Effect of late sowing heat stress on membrane thermo- stability index of
different wheat varieties
Amit Kumar, Vikas Kumar Singh and R. S. Sengar
Department of Agriculture Biotechnology,
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U. P., India
[email protected]
Wheat is the most important winter crop grown in India during rabi season. This golden grain winter cereal is
major contributor to food security system and provides more than 50 percent calories to the people who are
mostly dependent on this staple food. It is the second largest crop of India consumed after rice. Globally it is
cultivated on an area of 21561 million hectares with the production of 628.10 million tone and contributed about
11.57% of total cereal production. Global warming is common in most cereal growing area in the world. The
membrane stability index (MSI) was taken as major parameter of screening wheat varieties for heat tolerance.
MSI is determined by measuring of electrical conductivity of aquause phase in which leaf tissue exposure to
high temperature. Membrane stability index at seed development stage showed positive association with
biomass and seed yield in wheat genotypes under normal and late sown conditions. High temperature stress
caused significant reductions in physiological parameters and yield. High temperature/late sowing induced
decline in membrane stability index (app. 31%), plant height (app.17%), biomass (app.39%) and seed yield
(app.50%) were observed in different wheat varieties. Heat stress also reduced tiller number, spike bearing
tiller, grain number per spike and grain yield due to faster phasic development. With increase in stress intensity,
a progressive and significant decrease in yield and yield attributing traits were noted in all wheat varieties. Late
planting of wheat is one of the major reasons for yield reduction, since about 60% of the wheat crop is
cultivated at late sowing conditions after harvesting the transplanted rice. In India, late planting of wheat
exposes it to high temperature at reproductive stage causing reduction of the number of kernels per spike and the
size. So we conclude that membrane stability index (MSI) is the major parameter of screening wheat varieties
for heat tolerance trait.
PP-17: Energy conservation using fuzzy logic a review
D. C. Pandey, Saurabh Mishra and Anamika Bhatia
Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Energy being an important element of the infrastructure sector has to be ensured its availability on sustainable
basis. On the other hand, the demand for energy is going manifold and the energy sources are becoming scarce
and costlier. Among the various strategies to be evolved for meeting energy demand, efficient use of energy
and its conservation emerges out to be the least cost option in any given strategies, apart from being
environmentally benign. In this paper an exercise has been done to show how effectively and efficiently the
energy can be utilized in various applications using fuzzy logic controller.
PP-18: Aerostats using solar panels
Anil Agrwal and Agrani Sharma
TRUBA Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Bhopal, M.P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
This paper describes about the exploitation of solar energy at higher altitude may be simpler in engineering/
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
83
mechanical terms, and provide a very predictable/reliable source. The concept of the aerostat of solar power
generation (ASPG) is then introduced and section on costing shows how this concept could provide a viable
method to harvest solar energy and to transform into electricity for ground user.
An aerostat is lighter than air object that can stay stationary in the air. An aerostat main structural component is
its envelope, a lightweight skin containing a lifting gas to provide buoyancy, to which other components are
attach. Technically aerostats are capable of providing aerostatics lift is capable of providing aerostatic lift in
that force upward arise without the movement through the surrounding air mass. This contrast with the
aerodynamic lift which require the movement of at least some parts of the aircraft through the surrounding air
mass. However in reality most aerostats (excepts spherical balloons) obtain lift from both aerodynamic lift and
pure gas lift at some time or other.
PP-19: Effect of PVP, PVA and POLE surfactants on the size of iridium nanoparticles
Anjali Goel
*
and Neetu Rani
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya,
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
[email protected]
Nano-materials are currently gaining a lot of prominence due to their unique properties and applications in
various fields. Much information is available in the literature on the synthesis and applications of these
materials. The synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles is a research area of big interest, especially since these
materials have very interesting optical, magnetic and catalytic properties. Commonly transition metal nano
particle are synthesized by physical, chemical or electrochemical methods. In the present work colloidal iridium
nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method with different surfactants like poly vinyl
pyrrolidone (PVP), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly oxyethylene lauryl ether (POLE). It was found that
shapes and size of Ir-nano particles resulted were related to kind of capping agent (surfactant) used. The
characterization of the synthesized nano particle has been carried out by different technique like UV-vis, X-ray
differaction (XRD), FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM)
techniques. UV-vis and FT-IR confirms the reduction of IrCl
3
into IrO
2
while XRD confirms the amorphous
nature of the iridium nanoparticles synthesized. The morphology and size of the particle was confirmed by SEM
& TEM. The average particle size determined by Scherror equation was about 4.12 nm to 4.23 nm with PVP,
2.74 to 3.36 nm with PVA and 20.41 to 42.25nm with POLE under same experimental condition. Poly oxy
lauryl ether particles were not further analyse because its size is very large in comparison to PVA, PVP. Further
particle size was confirmed with TEM, which was 4.5 nm with PVP, and 7.0 nm with PVA. The particles are
spherical with no agglomeration tendency.
PP-20: Explorations of facultative marine fungus aspergillus flavus for green synthesis
of silver nanoparticles
Anjana K. Vala
*
and Rajesh Patel
Department of Physics, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
[email protected]
Nanomaterials have been an area of immense interest due to their application potentialities in various fields.
Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is very promising and eco friendly. Attempts have been made for
biosynthesis of nanoparticles, however, marine microorganisms are less explored despite their unique traits.
This study was carried out with a view to explore the potential of facultative marine fungus Aspergillus flavus
for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. When challenged with different concentrations of silver nitrate, the test
fungus synthesized silver nanoparticles intracellularly, as revealed by visual inspection, UV spectrophotometry,
XRD and TEM analyses.
PP-21: Status of water quality of Haridwar district
Anju Bhatnagar and Radhey Shyam
Department of Chemistry, D. B. S. P. G. College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
anju_bhatnagar_2007@ yahoo.com, [email protected]
Uttarakhand is one of recently formed state in India. The state has 92 % of area under hilly terrain and rest in the
planes. Haridwar emerges as a place where huge possibility of industrialization and urbanization occurs. The
growth of industries and human density increases day by day and its impact are also seen on environment of
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
84
surrounding region. The study reveals that the drinking water quality is one of factor which affected so much.
Various parameter including physico-chemical parameter like temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity which
indicates the quality of water have been determined by using respective instrumental methods. Total solid and
total dissolved solids etc. were determined using standard gravimetric methods. The chemical parameter which
includes total hardness, inorganic ions, alkalinity, chloride, sulphates have been determined using standard
procedures. The inorganic ions are SO
4
, Cl, NO
3
, PO
4
, HCO
3
, Ca, Na, Mg, K content of water was determined.
Chemical oxygen demand which is parameter of organic constituents in water samples were determined by open
reflux method. s95% of total cations are Ca and Mg together while 69% of total anions is bicarbonate followed
by SO4 (15%). The study result shows that water is slightly basic in nature with a pH value is 7.8. The electrical
conductivity is in the range of 158 l/cm to1240 l/cm. All ions were compared with BIS standard of drinking
water quality in order to ascertain it suitability for drinking water.
PP-22: Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of novel dicationic triazoles
as potent anti-malarial agents using multivariate statistical approach
Ankita Agarwal
*
, Ruchi Mishra and Sarvesh Paliwal
Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The QSAR study was conducted on 60- dicationic 1, 4-Diphenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with anti- malarial activity
using multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The statistical values from both
the techniques were analyzed and compared to establish the good predictability of the models obtained. The
MLR and PLS generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values, r, r
2
,
r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) and F and S values, were 0.936, 0.876, 0.844, 0.878 and 69.336, 0.293, respectively, for MLR
and r
2
, r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) and statistical significance value were 0.863, 0.816, 0.841 and 0.991, respectively, for
PLS, were satisfactory. The results obtained from this study indicate that the steric descriptor (Verloop B2 and
B5 parameters), electronic descriptor (bond dipole moment) and number of hydrogen bond donors play an
important role in determining the anti-malarial activity of the compounds
PP-23: Importance of Green Computing in the Field Of Telecommunication
Nidhi Puri, Anubha Chauhan and Prerna Puri
Department Of Computer Science, G. B. Pant Engg. College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Green Computing or Green IT refers to environmentally computing. Green Computing includes the
implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced
resource consumption.The field of "Green Technology encompasses a broad range of subjects from new
energy-generation techniques to the study of advanced materials to be used in our daily life.Green technology
focuses on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by the
Earths growing population.Mainly this means creating fully recyclable products, reducing pollution, proposing
alternative technologies in various fields, and creating a center of economic activity around technologies that
benefit the environment. Now in paper, we have applied concept of green computing in the field of
Telecommunication.The telecommunications industry was one of the first to adopt data mining
technology.Telecommunications companies also generate and store an extensive amount of data related to the
operation of their networks.Numerous data mining applications have been deployed in the telecommunications
industry. However, most applications fall into one of the following three categories: marketing, fraud detection,
and network fault isolation and prediction.
PP-24: Application of Mn(II) Catalysed Periodate Oxidation of o-anisidine -Microgram
determination of o-anisidine
Anuj Kumar, Purnima Sundriyal and Manmeet Kaur
Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-anisidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to
catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the
absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
85
spectroscopic studies, is methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic
strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of o-
anisidine in the range 2. 463924.8565 g/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, percentage
recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. An attempt has been made for
proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.
PP-25: Adverse Health Effects of Low Frequency Radiation Emitted by CRT TV/ PC
Screen on Human Blood Tissues
Anuj Tyagi
1*
, Vijay Kumar
1
and P. P. Pathak
2
1
Department of Physics, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The interaction of electric and magnetic fields with biological matter has been studied by scientific community
about last three decades. Penetration of low frequency electric field emitted by CRT TV/ PC screen into human
blood was studied. The radiation of CRT TV/ PC screens are expanded in the atmosphere surrounding us in our
home and penetrated into the human body, where field was reduced exponentially with depth. As the reduction
in the field was due to the absorption of energy of low frequency electric field, penetrated electric field and
current density of different layers of blood was calculated and compared with the permissible limit given by
International Commission of Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and World Health Organization
(WHO). When a biological body is exposed to low frequency EMF, its penetrated inside the body. The CRT
TV/PC screens are radiated electromagnetic waves of frequencies of five ranges as (10-3066) Hz, (10-54) Hz,
(54-606) Hz, (606-3066) Hz and 120Hz. study of this work results that watching of TV at 50 cm distance is
more dangerous than 250 cm distance. It was found that electric field emitted by CRT TV/PC screen at some
specific distance and heights are harmful for the life of tissues of different layers of blood.
PP-26: E-waste management: a global need
Archana Gokhale
1*
and Dharamveer Sharma
2
1
Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
2
Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Electronic waste in general may be defined as all the discarded electronic machines, computers, office
electronic equipments, electronic entertainment devices, mobile phones, microwave ovens, television sets, air
conditioners, refrigerators, electronic toys, VCRs, stereos, fax machines, electric lamps, batteries etc. E-wastes
are considered highly dangerous, as certain components of some electronic products contain materials such as
heavy metals and non biodegradable materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. The
hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human health and environment. Discarded electronic items
if not disposed properly can leach lead, cadmium, mercury and other substances into soil and ground water
resulting in soil air and water pollution. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an
environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem.
Over the years, E-waste has emerged as a global problem due to the problems of its high speed of accumulation
and slow rate of disposal. The rapid advancement in the electronic devices and their low initial cost leads to the
ever accumulation of e-waste resulting in ever growing environment problem due to threat to eco system. The
problem has attained serious levels in the developing countries like india as developing countries have become a
favorite destination for developed countries for the disposal and dumping of their hazardous e-waste in a easier
manner in comparison to their own countries. Further the open disposal and unsafe recycling of the electronic
items in the unorganized sector has increased the negative effect of electronic pollution at an alarming levels. At
the same time the harmful effect of electronic waste pose a serious threat to the human health in the form of
various ailments and diseases.
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is an emerging problem given the volume of e-waste being generated and the
content of toxic and hazardous materials in them. The Basel Convention has identified e-waste as hazardous,
and developed a framework for controls on trans-boundary movement of such waste. The Basel Ban, an
amendment to the Basel Convention that has not yet come into force, would go one step further by prohibiting
the export of e-waste from developed to industrializing countries.
This paper highlights the global e-waste problem and how it could be managed or reduced by means of proper
recycling, reusing and disposal.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
86
It was found that the percentage dye adsorption increases with increase in the amount of the adsorbent. The
results demonstrate that untreated sand sample act as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Victoria Blue B
Dye.
PP-30: Future of green computing & hazards management in India
Sandip Vijay
1
, Arun Kumar
2
, Krishna Kumar
3
and Rachna Shah
4
1
DIT Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
2
DCET, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
3
Motilal Nehru NIT Allahabad, U.P., India
4
NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Green computing refers to environmentally sustainable computing. In the article Harnessing Green IT:
Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as the Study and practice of
designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystemssuch as
monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively
with minimal or no impact on the environment. The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry;
reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote
the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste.
In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labelling program that is
designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other
technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. The term
"green computing" was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began; there are several
USENET posts dating back to 1992 that use the term in this manner. Concurrently, the Swedish organization
TCO
Development launched the TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions from
CRT-based computer displays; this program was later expanded to include criteria on energy consumption,
ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in construction.
PP-31: Protection and maintenance of red hot in extra high voltage system and impact
on eco-system
R. K. Dawre
1
and Aruna Rani
2
1
Power Transmission of Uttarakhand Ltd.
2
Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
In the practical yard of 132/220/400 KVA substation. Where The clamps, take-off assembly, LT and HT
Bushing bus bar and concerning point are designed at 765KV. The red hot occur due to temperature
enhancement due to variation in flow of current in extra high voltage transmission line. The protection and
maintenance of red-hot becomes easier by installing the Thermo-vision cameras in switch yard at various
locations. If temperature exceeds the proposed system will give an alarm the location will be allocated and shut
down will be taken immediately.
PP-32: Latest concept of anti-fog disc in extra high voltage transmission line
R.K. Dawre
1
and Aruna Rani
2
1
Power Transmission of Uttarakhand Ltd., Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Computer Sc. And Engineering, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Transmission grid is connected in state to state via transmission lines. During fog the conducting area becomes
wider due to which the standard distance between phase to phase decreases .It causes line tripping and grid
failure. The anti fog disc insulator is capable to protect the transmission lines from moisture occurred due to fog
and rain. The electric Systems are always eco friendly and helps in protecting earth in various ways.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
88
PP-36: Toxicity studies of Albizia lebbek (l.) Benth for the estimation of haematological
parameters
Ashwani K Jangra
1*
, Neetu A Jangra
2
, Peeush Singhal
1
and Kapil K Goel
1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
GVM College of pharmacy, Sonipat, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth is belong to the family leguminosae. Extraction of dried stem stem bark was done with
soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, alcohol, chloroform solvent. Extracts were evalualated for acute and
sub-acute toxicity studies. Various parametes such as motor reflex, behavioural pattern, lethality,
haematological, body weight and food intake were observed. For acute toxicity study healthy swiss albino mice
of either sex (n=6, 3 females and 3 males), weighing 20-25 g, divided in each group, were fasted for 18 hrs
overnight were used for the study. The mice were administered the sample extract orally in increasing dose of
250, 500, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. Then the animals were continuously observed for 2hrs for any
gross behavioral, neurological or autonomic toxic effects and for any lethality after 24 to 72hrs. Various
haematological parameters such as Bleeding time (min), Clotting time (sec), Total WBC/mm
3
, Total RBC/mm
2
,
and Haemoglobin (mg/dl) were estimated on 15
th
day of the experiment.
PP-37: Modulation of synthetic parameters of Zinc nanoparticles
Avdhesh Kumar and Sulekh Chandra
*
Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College ,University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Benzildiethylenetriamine was used as a reducing agent to prepare Zn nanostructures. Benzildiethylenetriamine
was prepared by mixing the ethanolic solution of diethylenetriamine and benzil. The reducing agent was
characterized by using CHNS analysis, IR, NMR and Mass spectral studies. These studies focus on the
modulation of synthetic parameters in order to influence the size, structure, composition and arrangement of
nanoparticles of Zinc. Zinc nanoparticles were synthesized by refluxing ethanolic solution of
benzildiethylenetriamine and Zinc nitrate at 80
o
C with constant stirring. The morphology and structure of the
synthesized nanoparticles of zinc were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Powder X-
ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectrum analysis (EDS), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and
Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The results show that nanoparticles of zinc are of high purity and 20 nm in size. The
scheme for preparation shall be discussed in detail.
PP-38: A simple and effective method of the synthesis of nanosized CuO particles
Avnish Kumar Arora and Pankaj Kumar
Department of chemistry, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Nanosized metal oxide namely copper oxide has been synthesized by precipitation method and characterized by using
XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and Magnetic Measurements techniques. XRD
studies show that copper oxide was formed as CuO and it has monoclinic structure. Magnetic measurements showed
copper oxide has one unpaired electron and is paramagnetic in nature. The particle size of the synthesized copper oxide
was determined by TEM. TEM images show that the size of particles of CuO varied from 12nm to 35nm which is in
good agreement of the theoretically predicted size of nanomaterials. This method is convenient, easy and effective in
comparison to the known methods of the synthesis of nanomaterials like thermal decomposition of precursors, co-
implantation of metal and oxygen ions and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis.
PP-39: Qualitative and Quantitative Terpenoid Diversity in Himalayan Salvia species
B. S. Bisht
1*
and K. K. Pandey
2
1
Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
2
Deparment of Biotechnology, Govt. M. B. P. G. College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The genus Salvia (Lamiaceae), is a cosmopolitan assemblage of nearly 1,000 species showing a remarkable
diversity in growth forms, secondary compounds, floral morphology and pollination biology. Salvia
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
90
phenomenon is one of the best known and well-studied examples of allopathy. Salvia is a large genus of
aromatic and ornamental herbs and shrubs distributed in temperate and subtropical regions. Twenty-four species
have been reported in India with great variation in their habitat and color of flowers.
The essential oil of Salvia species has been noticed as good inhibitor for the corrosion of steel and the inhibition
efficiency increases with both the concentration of inhibitor and the temperature. These natural oils act on steel
surface as anodic inhibitor. It shows the green inhibition effect towards the corrosion of steel. The corrosion rate
of steel is decreased in the presence of natural oil.
The fresh aerial parts of Salvia leucantha Cav. and Salvia hians Royle ex. Benth Were collected from Chopta
(3000m), Rudraprayag and Salvia lanata Roxb. and Salvia coccinea L. were collected from Nainital (2000m).
The plant specimens were identified at BSI, Dehradun and voucher specimen has been deposited in the
Phytochemistry lab, Chemistry department, Kumaun University Nainital. The plant material (2 kg each) was
subjected to steam distillation. The distillates were extracted with n-hexane and dichloromethane. The organic
phases were dried over anhydrous Na
2
SO
4
and the solvent was distilled off. The major compounds were isolated
by fractionation of the essential oil on silica gel CC (230-400 mesh, Merck, 600 25 cm column).
The GC and GC-MS screening of the extract from the aerial parts of Salvia species alltogether showed over 80
constituents, of which 44 constituents were identified on the basis of their GC retention index, MS data and
1
HNMR constituting 91.2% of S. leucantha, 93.1% of S. lanata, 91.5% of S. hians and 95.7% of S. coccinea.
The oil of S. leucantha Cav. was marked by dominant presence of sesquiterpenoids (54.3%), the major
sesquiterpene as spathulenol. Monoterpenoids constituted 36.9% of the oil with bornyl acetate as the single
major compound. On the other hand S. lanata and S. hians were also characterized by the dominant pressence of
sesquiterpenoids which showed significant variation in their sesquiterpenoid content in comparison with other
Salvia species which have been investigated in the present study. The oil of S. lanata and S. hians was
dominated by the presence of germacrene-D but the other terpenoid constituents showed qualitative as well as
quantitative diversity in their presence. S. coccinea was characterized by the dominant presence of 1,8-cineole
(28.4%) while it was not found in S. leucantha and S. lanata even in traces. The monoterpenoids constituted
60.5% of the total oil of S. coccinea and 36.9% of the oil of S. leucantha which was amounting only 6.1% of the
oil of S. hians and 4.5% of the total oil of S. lanata. The major compounds were isolated and identified on the
basis of its MS and
1
HNMR data.
PP-40: Analysis of Heavy Metals Contents accumulated in Seed Oil of Plant
Datura Alba of Arid Zone
R.S.Sindal, Arun Arora
*
, Beena Aswani and Sushama Khemnani
Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The objective of the study is analysis of the heavy metal concentration in seed oil of datura and adverse effects
of heavy metals on plants from arid resources. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements, and are present in
varying concentrations in all ecosystems. There are a huge number of heavy metals. They are found in elemental
form and in a variety of other chemical compounds. The main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals are
various industrial processes, mining, foundries, and smelters, combustion of fossil fuel and gasoline, and waste
incinerators. Datura plant is selected for study is a medicinal plant. Fatty acid analysis was done. Methyl
linoleate was found in highest concentration (16.22%) among the identified analytes of interest. In addition
methyl esters of Palmitic acid (6.59%), Oleic acid (5.41%) and Stearic acid (1.35%) were found. An atomic
absorption spectroscopic method has been used for the determination of concentration of metals (Cd ,Zn,
Fe, Ni and Pb) in seed oil sample of datura alba after open vessel digestion found near contaminated region. The
concentrations of metals Cd (42.65g/L), Fe (21.53g/L), Pb (28.05g/L), Zn (17.24g/L) and Ni (1.05g/L)
were observed. The presence of trace metals such as Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn are known to have adverse
effects on the growth of plants and human health.
PP-41: Hydro power potential and environmental impacts assessment: A case study on
small hydropower project from Himachal Pradesh, India
Bhanu Pratap
1*
and V. Jeeva
2
1
Centre of Glaciology, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, India
2
Environment Management Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, India
[email protected]
The hydro-electric power potential in Himachal Pradesh is estimated at 20,386 MW, which is 24.27% of Indias
total potential. Of this, 6,045 MW (29.65%) has been harnessed so far, 2720.5 MW (13.34%) is under
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
91
execution. Techno-economic feasibility studies are complete for 3,011 MW and in the process of completion for
3,671.5 MW. The Satluj basin is targeted for heaviest exploitation with 9420 MW projects spread over 37
locations. Beas basin comes next with 4,582 MW, spread over 26 locations. Ravi and Chenab basins account for
5042MW spread over 46 locations together. Yamuna basin straddles two states (Himachal and Uttaranchal) and
accounts for 591.5MW spread over 12 locations. Out of 115 projects, 23.5% (27) are large (over 200 MW),
37.4% (43) are medium sized (50-200MW), and 45 are of under 50MW capacity. Satluj, Beas and Ravi basins
account for 72.17% medium and large projects. The hydropower under Clean Development Mechnaism is
gaining importnace and accordingly the hydropower policies are defined in state where there is potentail. The
small hydro power projects in High Mountain have positive impact in terms of generation of power to meet the
state grid or the local or private and also in emission reduction under CDM. However, needs clear policy issues
related Physical, Biological and social Environment. The study carried out in Marhi mini hydro power project
in manali, Rohtang pass, (Himachal Pradesh), for the generation of 5 MW and its impact on various
environment clearly calls for incorporation of conservation of environmental condition keeping in view the
snowline depletion and melt water distribution over the catchment in high Himalayas.
PP-42: Influence of Walnut leaf extracts on seed germination and seedling vigour of
Ricebean (vigna umbellata) under mid hills of Uttarakhand
Birendra Prasad
*
, Abhishek Bahuguna and Sandhya Bahuguna
College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Influence of seed germination and seedling vigour of ricebean (Vigna umbellata.) variety (cv. PRR 1)
recommended for hills under West Himalayan agri-silvisystem assessed by Walnut leaf extracts concentrations.
Seven treatments comprised of distilled water (Control =0%), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120%
concentration of leaf extracts were treated. 100 seeds of each treatment were placed separately in pre-sterilized
petri-dishes with two fold filter paper at the bottom. The experiment was laid out in CRD with three
replications. 12 ml distilled water each of control and seven concentration of leaf extracts were added in each
Petri-dish on first day and 5 ml later or as and when required. The observations were recorded on 8
th
day. The
effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive indicating a direct proportional relationship with concentration
dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling vigour parameters. Invariably there was a
decrease in germination at first count and final count, length of root, shoot and seedling, seedling fresh and dry
weight, vigour index (I and II) and relative growth index (RGI) with increasing aqueous extracts concentration
on germinating Ricebean. It was found that seed germination and seedling vigour were influenced negatively by
walnut leaf extracts in concentration dependent manner and maximum value were obtained for control and
minimum for 120% treatment. Result depicted that germination percent varied from (90.33 to 96.00 %), root
length (3.34 to 5.09 cm), shoot length (1.53 to 4.82 cm), fresh weight (1.64 to 2.60 g), dry weight (0.62 to 0.96
g), vigour index I (441.21 to 893.43 %) and vigour index II (55.70 to 92.16 %) having considerable variation. It
is might be due to walnut (Juglans regia L.) have phytotoxic effects on certain plants and toxic principle of leaf
extract is Juglone (5-OH-1, 4 naphthoquinone), an allelo-chemicals which is present in leaves, hulls and inner
root bark.
PP-43: Molecular Interaction Study of Galactose + DMF-H
2
O+NaCl System at 298, 308
and 318 K
Rita Mehra
*
and Brij Bihari Malav
Acoustic and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Thermophysical properties are useful for characterization of molecular interactions and to understand the effect
of temperature and salt on the interactions of galactose in mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-
H
2
O+NaCl. Physical properties density (), viscosity (), sound speed (u) and refractive index (n
D
) at varying
concentrations of galactose from m= 0.0105-0.1045 at different temperature have been determined using
precalibratedbicapillarypycnometer, Ostwalds viscometer, Abbes refractometer and single frequency
ultrasonic interferometer at 2 MHz frequency respectively. The derived parameters like adiabatic
compressibility (), acoustic impedance (Z), absorption coefficient (/f
2
),apparent molal volume (
v
), free
volume (V
f
), intermolecular free length (L
f
), acoustical relaxation time ( ), Gibbs free energy (G), internal
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
92
pressure (
i
), Raos constant (R
m
), Wadas constant (W) and molar refractivity (R
D
) have been determined from
experimental data. All the measurements have been carried out in a thermostatically controlled water bath with
circulating medium having accuracy of 0.1Cl.
PP-44: Phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants
Charu C. Pant
*
, A. B. Melkani and Lalit Mohan
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The genus Teucrium and Aechmenthara are widely distributed in Uttarakhand. About Three species of Teucrium
and only one species of genus Aechmenthara have been reported to grow in Uttarakhand. The fresh whole Arial
part of Teucrium quardrifarium Buch-Hum and Aechmenthara gossypina (Wall) ex. Nees on steam distillation
gave 0.7g and 0.95g of oil respectively (yield0.07% and 0.08% by weight). The oil samples were analyzed by
GC and GC-MS under identical experimental parameter. The various constituent of the oil were identified on
the basis of there RI value and by comparison of there mass spectra. The main constituent of T. quardrifarium
were identified - caryophyllene (38.3%) , germacrene D (9.4%) , - humulene (5.9%) , 1- octane-3-ol (0.7%)
and linalool (1.5%). The monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted 14.4%, monoterpenoids 2.3%, sesquiterpene
hydrocarbon 77.6% and oxygenated sesquiterpene constituent 4.3% of the oil. Similarly the main constituent of
the essential oil A. gossipina - caryophyllene is (9.5%), germacrene D (9.9%), kesene (8.3%), guaiol
(30.0%), -muurolal (10.5%) and - guaiene (4.5%). The oil was found rich in oxygenated sesquiterpene
hydrocarbon 55.7%, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 30.1% , and oxygenated monoterpene 2.6%, Both oil shows
significant antimicrobial activity against Bacterial and fungal pathogen.
PP-45: Antibacterial activity of volatiles of Cyclospermum leptophyllum and
Cinnamomum glanduliferum against animal and plant pathogens
Charu Singh
*
and Chitra Pande
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The essential oil composition of Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson syn.
Apium leptophyllum(Pers.) F. Muell. Ex Benth., family Apiaceae (Umbellifereae) and Cinnamomum
glanduliferum Meissn. family Lauraceae was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Antimicrobial activity of the oil
was evaluated by disc diffusion and tube dilution methods (MIC).
The oil of C. leptophyllum was dominated by monoterpenes, which account for 89.4% of the oil. The study
indicates the presence of high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (78.7%) of which the main constituents
were thymohydroquinon dimethyl ether (62.0 %), thymol methyl ether (9.2 %) and carvacrol methyl ether (7.5
%). The oil of C. glanduliferum shows the presence of 1, 8-cineole (41.42%), -pinene (20.28%), -terpineol
(9.4%), germacrene D-4-ol (6.1%) and -thujene (5.10%) as major constituents. The oils were evaluated for
antibacterial activity against two Gram positive (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-
negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia herbicola, Aeromonas salmonicida and Escherchia coli).
Cyclospermum oil showed maximum activity against E. herbicola followed by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus
while Cinnamomum oil showed considerable activity against A. salmoniuda followed by P. aeruginosa and E.
coli.
PP-46: Biodegradable Polymers from Microbes
Charu Gupta
1*
, Dhan Prakash
1
, Amar P. Garg
2
, Sudha Goyal
3
and Sneh Gupta
4
1
Amity Institute for Herbal Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
2
Department of Microbiology, C. C. S University campus, Meerut, U.P., India
3
Department of Chemistry,
4
Department of Zoology, R.G.P.G. College, Meerut, U.P., India
[email protected]
Biodegradable polymers have significant potential in biotechnology and bioengineering. Polymers derived from
the microbial sources include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and polylactic acid (PLA). The biopolymer poly-3-
hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by certain bacteria processing glucose, corn starch or wastewater.
Its characteristics are similar to those of the petroplastic polypropylene. It produces transparent film at a melting
point higher than 130C and is biodegradable without residue. PHAs are accumulated as intracellular inclusion
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
93
in some bacteria under un-favourable growth condition such as limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen or
magnesium in the presence of excess supply of carbon source. Examples of some biopolymers accumulating
bacteria are Azotobacter eutrophus, A. latus and mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii. The material properties
exhibited by PHAs, ranging from stiff, brittle to rubber-like makes it a close substitute for the synthetic plastic.
Poly-hydroxyalkanoates are produced completely by microbial fermentation whereas poly-lactic acid is partially
synthesized. The monomer, lactic acid, is produced by microbial fermentation and then polymerized using
chemical catalysis. Natural polymers can be completely degraded by the microorganisms and degradation
involves enzymatic scission of the polymer chain. However, the high cost of PHAs production has restricted its
applications. Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is another 100% compostable biopolymer which can fully degrade above
60C in an industrial composting facility. PLA is used in biomedical applications such as implants, sutures, drug
delivery, tissue engineering and stent development due to its biocompatibility properties. Besides this, nylon
eating bacteria, Flavobacteria and Pseudomonas, possess enzymes (nylonase) capable of breaking down nylon.
Chitin, a linear aminoacetyl glucan, present in the shell of crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and insect cuticle. The
materials are biocompatible, and have antimicrobial activity as well as the ability to absorb heavy metal ions.
Because of their water-retaining and moisturizing ability they also find applications in the cosmetic industry.
PP-47: Investigations of Radon Exhalation Rates, Environmental Radioactivity and
Radiation Exposure from Indian Commercial Granites
Meena Mishra
1
, R. G. Sonkawade
2
, Rajendra Prasad
3
, S. A. H. Naqvi
4
and V. K. Rastogi
1
1
Department of Physics, C. C. S. University, Meerut, U.P., India
2
Inter- University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
3
Vivekananda College of Technology and Management, Aligarh, U. P., India
4
Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U. P., India.
[email protected]
Building materials may be the possible serious source of radiation exposure if they contain large amount of
naturally occurring or man made radionuclides [1-4]. Several varieties of granites are produced and used as
building material in India.The natural radioactivity present in rocks having high radiation levels are associated
with granites. Studies of radon exhalation from building material, is important for the estimation of public
exposure as people spend most of their time indoors (80%). In the present study measurements of radon
exhalation rates for granite samples used as construction material were carried out through sealed CAN
technique using LR-115 type II detectors. Higher and wide variation in radon exhalation rates are found in the
samples. Radon activity is found to vary from 380.00 to 4258.57 Bq m
-3
with an average value of 1316.23 Bq m
-
3
,
whereas radon exhalation rate varies from 227.44 to 2548.81m Bq m
-2
h
-1
with an average value of 854.71 m
Bq m
-2
h
-1
. The variation can be correlated with the color of the granites. Effective dose equivalent, estimated
from exhalation rate varies from 26.82 to 300.56 Sv y
-1
with an average value of 100.79 Sv y
-1
. From the
activity concentrations of
238
U,
232
Th and
40
K in the granite samples, Radium equivalent activity (Ra
eq
) due to
the presence of radionuclides varies from 34.64 to 1144.84 Bq kg
-1
with an average value of 278.91 Bq kg
-1
.
Total absorbed gamma dose rates varies from 6 to 535.61 nGyh
-1
with an average value of 132.33 nGy h
-1
.
Indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rate from these granite samples vary from 0.08 to 2.63 mSv y
-1
and
0.02 to 0.66 mSv y
-1
, respectively. External hazard index, H
ex
for the granite samples studied in this work
ranges from 0.09 to 3.16 with a mean value of 0.77. Computed values of H
in
vary from 0.15 to 4.76 with an
average value of 0. 99. The results will be reported and discussed in full paper.
PP-48: An efficient synthesis of bio active Azetidinones and Thiazolidinones of 3-
methyl-1-phenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-ol
Ravindra Kumar
1*
, Abha Shukla
1
and D.S.Tyagi
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Chemistry, L. R. P. G. College, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, U.P., India
[email protected]
A series of Azetidinone; 3-chloro-1-{4-[8-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-
2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.0
3,7
]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-2-yl]phenyl}-4-aryl azetidin-2-one (3a-e)
and thiazolidinones; 3-{4-[8-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2,4,5,11,12-
pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.0
3,7
]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-2-yl]phenyl}-2-aryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (4a-e) were
synthesized using new schiff base; 2-(6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2-{4-[(E)-(arylmethylidene)amino]phenyl}-
2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.0
3,7
]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-8-yl)-5-methyl phenol (2a-e). The schiff
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
94
Plant materials were collected from Ghanghariya (district Chamoli), Chopta (district Rudraprayag) and Drona
village (district Chamoli), identified in Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun (BSI Acc. No. 113551). The fresh
plant materials of different places were subjected to steam distillation separately using a copper electric still,
fitted with spiral glass condensers. The distillates were saturated with NaCl and extracted with n-hexane and
dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent was distilled off in a
rotary vacuum evaporator at 30C.
The volatile extracts were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In volatile extracts of TRg, TRc and TRd we detected
more than 45 compounds out of which 24 compounds were identified constituting 89.63 % of TRg, 95.00 %
TRc and 94.89 %of TRd the total extract. Major compounds of the volatile extracts were isolated by column
chromatography and identified by 1H and 13C-NMR analysis. The major compounds of TRg, TRc and TRd
were terpenyl acetate (42.99 %), epi-laurenene (40.29 %) and -bisabolol (26.12 %) respectively. The other
constituents of the volatile extract of TRg were epi-laurenene (14.38 %), aromadendrene (7.69 %) and -trans-
terpeniol (6.37 %). Other constituents of the volatile extract of TRc were -bisabolol (18.11 %), -trans-
terpeniol (4.66 %) and -agrofuran (5.97 %). Minor constituents of the volatile extract of TRd laurenene (14.12
%), khusinol (12.43 %) and occidentalol (11.23 %). Volatile extract of Thalictrum reniforme has shown good
chemical diversity.
PP-52: Greening across the Chemistry
Deeksha Yajurvedi and Saroj Sharma
Depatment of Chemistry, R. G. P. G. College, Meerut, U.P., India
[email protected]
Chemistry brought medical revolution till 20
th
century in which drugs and antibiotics were discovered. The
quality of life on earth become much better due to discovery of dyes, plastics, cosmetic and materials. Soon, the
ill effects of chemistry become pronounced. Which is caused mainly due to effect of by products of chemical
industries being discharged into air, river and land. This marked the beginning of green chemistry by middle of
20
th
century. Green chemistry or environmental benign chemistry is the design of chemical products and
processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substance. It is a fundamentally new
approach to environmental protection transitioning away from managing toxic chemicals at the end of the life
cycle, to reducing or eliminating their use altogether. Green chemistry advocates prevention of waste, designing
safer chemicals, maximum incorporation of reactants and minimization of hazardous products. In
pharmaceuticals; ibuprofen is active ingredient in many analgesic and inflammatory drugs. New synthesis of
ibuprofen with atom economy of 77-99% not only produces less waste, but also the number of steps are also
reduced from six to three. As a result, increased profits. Similar examples can be cited from polymer industry to
dry cleaning, bleaching and paint industry. Thus green chemistry is the utilization of set of principles that
reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design manufacture and application of
chemical products.
PP-53: Solubility enhancement of Norfloxacin and preparation of floating drug-delivery
system of microspheres with microballoons
Sugandha Varshney
1*
, Shivanand M.Patil
1
, Deepak Singh Negi
2
and Gahtori Vinod
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Gurukul Kangadi University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Norfloxacin, a Class IV fluoroquinolone antibiotic is poorly water soluble drug. Dissolution rate is rate limiting
factor for in-vivo drug absorption. Thus, an enhancement in dissolution rate is important to attain suitable
blood-levels of these drugs. Solubility enhancement of Norfloxacin by Solid Dispersion Method using PEG 400
as carrier to improve its bioavailabilty and better therapeutic profile of drug.
Microsphere are small spherical particles, with diameters in the micrometer range (typically 1 m to 1000 m
(1 mm)). Hollow glass microspheres or microballoons, or glass bubbles have diameters ranging from 10 to 300
micrometers, are used as a light weight filler in composite materials, are light weight, low thermal conductivity,
and a resistance to compressive stress. Hollow spheres also have uses ranging from storage and slow release of
pharmaceuticals and radioactive tracers to research in controlled storage and release of hydrogen.
Thus, the present study deals with Solubility Enhancement of Norfloxacin and Preparation of Microspheres with
Microballons of Norfloxacin so as obtain a novel drug delivery system with improved solubility characteristics
and to achieve prolonged gastric residence times. Floating drug-delivery system of microspheres with
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
96
microballoons inside from xanthan gum (XG), HPMC K-100 M, gelatin (GA) by a water-in-oil method.
Formulations with different ratios of the polymers were prepared. The size distribution, drug-encapsulation
efficiency, floating behavior, release characteristics, and morphological properties investigated.
PP-54: In vitro antifungal activity and phytochemical profiling of leaves of calotropis
procera
Singh Negi Deepak
*
, Goel K. K., Juyal Vijay and Gahtori Vinod
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Calotropis procera commonly known as Madar or Aak, is a shrub widely distributed as a weed in India. The
plant is erect, branched and perennial with milky latex. A large quantity of latex can be easily collected from its
green parts. Local people use it successfully to combat some cutaneous fungal infections. The abundance of
latex containing alkaloids in the green parts of the plant reinforces the idea that it is produced and accumulated
as a defence strategy against organisms such as viruses, fungi and insects.
Keeping the above facts in view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity
of different extracts of C. procera leaves on fungi like Aspergillus niger and Coprinus disseminatus as well as to
assess the chemical nature of the active components present in the extracts. Methanol extract of the leaves of
Calotropis procera showed Coprinus disseminatus colony growth inhibition at very low concentration in
comparison to petroleum ether and chloroform extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether,
chloroform and methanol extracts was carried out by standard methods. Results showed the presence of
alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, tannins, and steroids. The results encourage the use of this
extract against fungal infestation after testing it in field conditions.
PP-55: A Study on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Supercritical Assisted
Synthesized Epoxy Silicon Blend
Deepak Sharma
1*
, M. G. H. Zaidi
1
, Devasri Fuloria
2
, P. L. Sah
2
and Vijai Kumar
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Supercritical Fluid Processing Laboratory, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
3
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, U.P., India
[email protected]
Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy have been modified through blending of diglycidylether of
bisphenol A (0.1 mol) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at concentration ranging 1.0 to 3.0 parts per hundred
of resin at 1400 psi and 901
0
C for 1hr in supercritical carbon dioxide, followed by curing with triethylene
tetramine (10 phr) at 401
0
C.The formation of synthesized epoxy silicone blends (ESBs) has been ascertained
through Uv-vis, FT-IR, XRD spectra and scanning electron microscopy. With increasing PDMS concentration,
the compressive, and tensile strength, Rockwell hardness (R scale), fringe values and crystallinity of ESBs were
decreased with simultaneous increase in their impact strength, resistance against wear and thermal stability.
PP-56: To estimate degree of esterification of Pectic substances during fruit ripening in
Diospyros Peregrina
Deepika Chauhan
*
and P. K. Gupta
Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Diospyros peregrina unanimously illustrious as Kalatendu is a moderate sized evergreen tree. It bears dark
green foliage & velvety fruits. It is cultured for ornaments. Its fruit is globular berry with a rubbery peel
containing 4-8 seeds implanted in a viscid humid pulp. It is yellow when ripe & enclosed with a corroded easily
removable untidiness fully ripe fruits have a syrupy sweet taste & are edible. The unripe fruit is acrid, bitter &
oleaginous. Diospyros is distributed in the Indian peninsula, extending Northward to Bihar, M.P. & Mumbai, &
one of the most characteristic trees of dry, mixed, deciduous forests of these regions. United States is the largest
producer, followed by West Germany, Great Britain, Denmark & Switzerland.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
97
Pectic substances are plenteous, ubiquitous and multifunctional constituent of the cell walls of all land plants.
Pectin describes a family of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides that have general features, but are extremely
various in their well structures.
The study was conceded out to explore and estimate degree of esterification of pectic substances during fruit
ripening in Diospyros peregrina.
PP-57: Monitoring health risk assessment of heavy metals in seasonal vegetables
Deepshekha Punetha
*
and Geeta Tewari
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils may lead to the disorder of soil functionality, retardation in
plant growth and influence human health through a contaminated food chain.
The present study was undertaken to examine zinc, copper, lead and nickel content in soils and vegetables
collected from different agricultural fields in Tarai region of Kumaun Himalaya. Ten surface soil (0-20 cm) and
20 vegetable samples in summer season were collected and analyzed for content of heavy metals. Heavy metal
analyses in soil and vegetables samples were performed on an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Mean
values of three replicates were taken for each determination.
Ladyfinger was found to be the best accumulator of all detected metals. The present study indicates that children
ingest significant amount of metals as compared to the adult. However, the content of these metals were below
the permissible limits except Zn content in ladyfinger collected from Bajpur. The regular monitoring these
metals in soils, vegetables and in other food items is necessary to prevent accumulation of these metals in the
food chain. There is more risk of metal accumulation in children as compared to adults.
PP-58: Estimation of Chlorpyriphos in its formulation Paraban 20% Ec By Reversed-
Phase HPLC
Deepti joshi
1
and N. K. Sand
2
1
Department of Chemistry, M. B. Govt. P. G. College, Nainital, Uttaranchal, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Collage of Basic Sciences and Humanities
G. B. pant University Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttaranchal, India
[email protected]
A new, simple, rapid and robust Reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed for estimation of active
ingredient in Chlorpyriphos formulation Paraban 20% EC. The formulation was extracted in chloroform,
dried and resuspended in acetonitrile. The clean up was performed using C
18
SPE cartridge. The active
ingredient was estimated using 5 m ODS-II column, mobile phase acetonitrile: water (75:25 v/v) and detection
at 229nm. The efficiency of cleanup method was found to be 95% and minimum limit of detection <2.5ng. The
detector response was linear with in concentration range 2.5ng 50ng at RSD 1.42%. The proposed reserved-
phase HPLC method has application for quality control and determination of the self life of commercial
formulation.
PP-59: Waste to wealth: High quality meso-porous materials from coal fly ash
M. R. Deshpande
1*
, P. P. Hundekar
1
, G.P. Kapure
2
and U. D. Joshi
1
1
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
2
Shri. Guru Buddhiswami College, Purna, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
[email protected], [email protected]
In India the power sector has been receiving adequate priority ever since the process of planned development
began in 1950. Hydro and coal based thermal power have been the main sources of generating electricity. In our
country more than Ninety million tones of F.A. is being generated annually with more than 65000 areas of land
being occupied by Ash-ponds. In the past, fly ash produced from coal combustion was simply entrained in flue
gases and dispersed into the atmosphere. This created environmental and health hazards. World wide, more than
65% of FA produced from coal power station is disposed in Land fills and ash ponds.
The recycling of FA has become an increasing concern in recent years due to increasing Landfill costs and
current interests in sustainable development of human society from view points of energy Economy and
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
98
time. When magnetic field is applied across the wound then it is seen that healing rate becomes more faster than
normal healing. The purpose of this study is to increase the healing rate.
PP-62: Energy efficient Green buildings- Sustainable Architecture & Modern Science
Sangita Banga, Dewanshu Khatana, Kunal Nain, Sanjeev kumar, Mandeep Singh and Himanshu Khatana
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manav Rachna College of Engineering, Faridabad, Haryana, India
[email protected]
In this era of global warming and imminent climate change, where the energy conservation is directly related to
low carbon emissions, the green technologies will go on to save humanity and save this planet. One of the major
sources of energy in the future will be using energy more efficiently. Buildings, as they are designed and used
today, contribute to serious environmental problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other
natural resources. However, buildings can be designed to meet the occupants need for thermal and visual
comfort at reduced levels of energy and resources consumption.
The energy scarcity in future will be overcome by not only effective and efficient utilization of renewable
energy sources but also by reducing primary energy consumption in commercial and residential buildings. In
todays scenario, the main concern is about to incorporate energy efficiency, renewable energy and sustainable
green design features into all buildings. This research work provides an understanding of the principles, new
innovative technologies and processes used in order to enhance the performance of green building. The main
aim of energy efficient building are to deliver better comfort, quality, performance and productivity with less
money, pollution and energy wastage. In this work, an insight about the optimum utilization of non-
conventional sources of energy through judicious planning and efficient design of building on the obviating
energy wastage by reducing cooling loads, heating loads, use of natural light and natural ventilation, appropriate
rating of building, computerized building control system and computerized energy simulation software is
provided.
: Modeling photovoltaic, inverter and concentrating solar power model using
solar advisor model
Bhaskar Kandpal
,
Kunal Nain, Dewanshu Khatana, Gaurav Khatana, Yazur Rajora,
Himanshu Khatana
and Sushant Rao
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manav Rachna College of Engineering, Faridabad, India
[email protected]
Solar Advisor Model (SAM) is an analysis tool .SAM uses measured meteorological and irradiance data as an
input to the models.The Solar Advisor Model (SAM) has been developed to support the R&D community and
the solar industry .It has proven to be a very important tool in decision making for people involved in renewable
energy industry, technology developers and researchers. Solar Advisor Model has the capability of comparing
different solar technologies with same assumptions which allows users to investigate and understand the
impact of variations in performance, cost, and financial parameters. SAM includes a model of electric
generation, which helps us to compare it with solar technologies. This paper presents an overview of PV model,
inverter modeland concentrating solar power (CSP) parabolic trough model by using Solar Advisor Model.
PP-64: Evaluation of reliability and mean time to system failure of a complex system
models by using boolean function techniques
C.K.Goel
1*
, Dhanpal Singh
2
and Baljeet Kour
3
1
Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
2
Department of Mathematics, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
3
Department of Mathematics, C. C. S. University, Merrut, U. P., India
[email protected]
The paper deals with the reliability analysis of a power plant system which consists of a number of components
of varying nature. The analysis of the model is performed with the help Boolean Function Technique by taking
general and non-identical life time distribution with different scale parameter
i
( i=1,2,.19) is taken as
lifetime distribution of the components. Some important measures of system effectiveness have been obtained.
A graphical study has also been carried out highlight the importance of the results. It has been assumed that the
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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100
failure rates for various components of the complex system follow arbitrary distribution and there is service
facility to repair the considered system. By using Boolean Function Technique solve the mathematical model of
this problem.
PP-65: Transformation of coal fly ash into value added products for potential
environmental and industrial applications
U. D. Joshi, M.R. Deshpande, P. P. Hundekar and S. Dheeraj
*
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
[email protected], [email protected]
The power requirement of the country is rapidly increasing with increase in growth of the Industrial sectors.
India depends on Thermal power as its main source (around 80% of power produced is thermal power), as a
result the quantity of fly ash produced shall also increase. Indian coal on an average has 35 % ash and this is one
of the prime factors which shall lead to increased ash production around 150 to 170 million tones / year and is
set to continue at a high rate into the foreseeable future and hence ash utilization is become critical.
One objective of this work is to investigate the potential of recovery of reactive aluminosilicate glass from fly
ash and its use as a raw material for making high surface area phases or to prepare structural micro- and meso-
porous materials for environmental and industrial applications as well.
There are three phases in fly ash from which the aluminium and silicon come from 1) Amorphous
aluminosilicate glass, 2) quartz, and 3) mullite. The aluminosilicate glass phase is the largest and most unstable
of these phases in the hydrothermal environment, and therefore has the highest rate of dissolution. The fly ash
samples were collected from two thermal power stations mainly Paril and Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra,
Fly Ash was treated with calcinations, fusion, magnetic stirring process to make it as source material. These
treated samples were analysed by XRD, IR, SEM, EDX//XRF , Chemical analysis to know its composition,
qualitive identification of the phases present in the collected Fly ash, morphological structure of ash, etc. It was
found that reactive aluminosilicate glass is major content of collected fly ash about. 70 to 85 %, The crystalline
phases found in the fly ash are mineralogical phases such as quartz, mullite and aluminosilicate glass,
amorphous material forming during the combustion process.
Faujasite type molecular sieve such as NaY, NaX are synthesised by hydrothermal method using treated fly ash
as sources material. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, N
2
adsorption to determine
BET surface area and pore size distribution etc. Well crystalline sample were used for waste water treatment
collected from surrounding areas of Sugar Industries. The removal efficiency of toxic elements using zeolite Y
from waste water increased with an increasing adsorbent dose as well as contact time.
PP-66: Syntheses and characterization of coordination compounds of Mn
II
, Cu
II
,
Zn
II
, Fe
III
and MoO
2
VI
ions with N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-C-(3'-carboxy-2'-
hydroxyphenyl) thiazolidin-4-one
Dinesh Kumar
1
and Amit Kumar
2*
1
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Haryana College of Technology & Management, Kaithal, Haryana, India
ami t _vas hi s t ha2004@yahoo. co. i n
A dry benzene solution of the Schiff base, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3'-carboxy-2'-hydroxybenzylideneimine upon
reacting with mercaptoacetic acid undergoes cyclization and forms N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-C-(3'-carboxy-2'-
hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one, LH
3
(I). A MeOH solution of I
reacts with Mn
II
, Cu
II
, Zn
II
, Fe
III
and MoO
2
VI
ions and forms the monomeric coordination compounds, [Mn(LH)(MeOH)
3
] (II), [Cu(LH)(MeOH)] (III),
[Zn(LH)(MeOH)] (IV), [FeCl(LH)(MeOH)
2
] (V) and [MoO
2
(LH)(MeOH)](VI). The coordination compounds
have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance, molecular weight, spectral (IR,
reflectance, ESR) studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. I behaves as a dibasic tridentate OOS
donor ligand in these compounds. The compounds are non-electrolytes (
M
= 6.2-13.8 mho cm
2
mol
-1
) in DMF.
A square-planar structure for III; a tetrahedral structure for IV and an octahedral structure for II, V and VI are
suggested.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
101
PP-67: Municipal solid waste management in developing countries: An overview
Disha Punetha
School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The rapid urbanization, industrialization and unplanned colonization led to several issues of urban pollutions.
The municipal solid waste management is one of the most vital issues in urban environment particularly in
developing countries. The waste transportation, improper segregation and even non-engineered waste disposal
practices are of major concerns in developing counties. It is therefore not surprising that about one-third of
available budget of municipality is being spent over waste collection and transportations practices. This paper
present an overall scenario of municipal solid waste management practices in developing counties. The data are
provided by national and international agencies suggest that in waste management hierarchy system the main
practice is landfilling and waste recycling/reuse practices is either with community-based management system
or with private sectors. The failure of governance and insufficiency of existing infrastructure with municipality
resulted in increasing size of garbage hills around the urban locations in majority of cities/towns of developing
nations. The public awareness level and environmental education is an important component of effective solid
waste management plant and in this context the score of these parameters is relatively low in most of states of
developing region of the world. Due to shrinking of land required for ever growing garbage is another issue of
serious concern. Therefore the integrated solid waste management plant needs to implement effectively in order
to recover some community beneficial products (nutrients, energy, secondary resources etc) from MSW.
PP-68: Ionic composition of high altitude Himalayan rivers with respect to their source
of origin
Divya Goyal
1
and V. P. Semwal
2
1
Department of Biotechnology, Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G. College, New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected] , [email protected]
Composition of major anions and cations in high altitude glacier fed River Bhagirathi is different from
comparatively lower altitude spring fed River Kosi. The average ionic composition of River Bhagirathi towards
downstream was found to be as; Ca++ > Mg++ > Na+ > K+ > NH4+ (Cations) and HCO3- > SO4
--
> Cl
-
> NO3
-
(Anions). However, sulphate ion predominates over rest of the anions in the upstream i.e. in the Gangotri valley.
Major ions of glacial melt streams and sulphur spring, located in the Bhagirathi valley were studied separately to
observe the contribution of these sources to the ionic abundance of River Bhagirathi. Ionic composition in
glacial melt streams was found to be as; Mg
++
> Ca
++
> Na
+
> K
+
> NH4
+
(Cations) and Cl
-
> HCO3
-
> SO4
--
>NO3
-
(Anions). On the other hand sulphur spring water was characterized by high concentration values with
altogether a different composition of cations i.e. Na
+
> Mg
++
> K
+
> Ca
++
> NH4
+
, whereas, anion composition
followed the same pattern as for glacial melt water. Some local streams such as Nagun Gad and Syansu Gad,
which contributes substantial quantity to River Bhagirathi in the downstream near Uttarkashi are characterized
by high levels of HCO3
-
and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). At two damming areas namely Maneri and Tehri the
concentration levels of cations and anions were increased as compared to flowing river stretch. These results
were compared with ionic abundance of comparatively low altitude spring fed himalayan River Kosi, where the
ionic concentration levels were comparatively low at the origin and consistently increased towards downstream.
The average ionic composition of River Kosi all through its length was similar as River Bhagirathi in the
downstream reaches, which in fact is the composition of rain water over the Himalaya region. It is also observed
during the study that genus of benthic macro invertebrate community, representing the biological water quality
of the two rivers was found remarkably different, although water quality of both the rivers is A class i.e. clean
throughout. Therefore it may be assumed that ionic distribution pattern does influence the ecological status of
the rivers.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
102
PP-69: Assessment of underground drinking water quality in Chilkana area,
Saharanpur (U.P.) India
Meena
Department of Chemistry, Doon College of Engineering and Technology, Sunderpur, Saharanpur, India
[email protected]
The present work was undertaken to analyze the various water quality parameters, viz. p
H
, electrical
conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, Cl
-
, F
-
, So
4
2-
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Na
+
and K
+
and
study the WQI in underground water samples. 22 water samples were collected from different localities of
Chilkana area, Saharanpur (U.P.). The results were compared with the values stipulated by World Health
Organization (WHO), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) for
drinking water quality. The present study showed the water quality of Chilkana area to be suitable for
drinking purpose and it requires the use of indigenous technologies, to make water fit for drinking purpose.
PP-70: Effect of the different concentration of ethyl cellulose and Hydroxyl Propyl
Methyl Cellulose in drug release of Epalrestat Sustain Release Tablet
Gahtori Vinod
*
, Negi Deepak, Vashney Sugangha, and Arya Suchita
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
The objective of the study is to design and evaluation of Epalrestat sustain release tablet and determine their
effect of different concentration of ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose. Epalrestat is anti
diabetic drug used in the treatment of diabetic, Neuropathy. SR tablet not only could provide a more constant
plasma concentration with less frequently administration but decrease the side effect. The main aim of the study
is to developed SR tablet to delay the release matrix tablet where prepared by using 1.5%, 2%, 3% ethyl
cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is 22%, 23%, 43%. Con of ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl
methyl cellulose direct compression method was used and prepared the tablets where done evaluate on the basis
of weight variation hardness friability and in vitro dissolution using paddle (USP IInd ) apparatus all the
formation should complains with pharmacopoial standard the drug release after 24 hrs F1-97.5, F2- 95.6,F3-
92%. Then their fore the result indicate that ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is an ideal
candidate for production of directly compressed.
PP-71: Developing pharmaceutical drugs less toxic to the environment
M. Rana
1*
, A. J. Rana
1
, A. Bisht
1
and G. Bisht
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Green quality- As long as product quality is maintained, pharmaceutical manufacturing should have flexibility
to make process changes to implement green chemistry and engineering changes. The complexity of the
pharmaceutical industry necessitates a holistic approach to greening its processes, starting with a paradigm shift
from focusing only on waste management to an approach that encompasses manufacturing process efficiency,
yield, and economic gains for pharmaceutical companies. Green chemistry is redesigning the future of the
pharmaceutical industry by adopting a life-cycle philosophy considering all materials and methods involved in
manufacturing pharmaceutical products. One such practice is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). A
supercritical fluid is a substance that is above its critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc), and exists
as a single phase. SFC facilitates faster analysis, reuses carbon dioxide that would otherwise be released to the
atmosphere, and uses significantly less solvents than classical chromatography. The pharmaceutical industrys
commitment to improving health should also include a commitment to maintaining a healthy environment. A
barrier to greening the pharmaceutical industry is the misperception that making changes is difficult and costly.
In todays marketplace, sustainability is a benchmark for a companys success. The pharmaceutical industry is
already using many principles and practices of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry, including atom economy
and less hazardous chemical syntheses. The past few years have seen the advent of a new eco-scare: The
unsettling afterlife of pharmaceuticals. Drug residues excreted by humans and livestock linger in our waterways,
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
103
often for months, before decomposing. The effects of these residues are hard to isolate and poorly understood,
but scientists have discovered hints of trouble.
PP-72: Determination of physico-chemical parameters and the pollution status of river
yamuna at kalsi dehradun uttarakhand
Fouzia Ishaq
*
and D. R. Khanna
Limnological Research Lab, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science
Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Water is one of the important sources to sustain life and has long been suspected of being the source of much
human illness. It is the elixir of life and abounds on earth, but this vast natural resource has been depleted and
turned into scarce commodity with increased usage catering to the needs of ever-expanding population. There is
almost a global shortage of water and the worlds most urgent and front rank problem today is supply and
maintenance of clean drinking water.Rivers are the most important freshwater resource for man. Social,
economic and politicaldevelopment has been largely related to the availability and distribution of freshwaters
containedin riverine systems. Water quality problems have intensified through the ages in response to
theincreased growth and concentration of populations and industrial centres. Polluted water is animportant
vehicle for the spread of diseases.The River Yamuna sometimes called as Jamuna is the largest tributary of the
River Ganges (Ganga) in northern India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height 6,387 mtrs., on the
south western slopes of Banderpooch peaks in the Lower Himalayas, it travels a total length of 1,376 kilometers
(855 mi) and has a drainage system of 366,223 km
2
, 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin, before merging with the
Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, the site for the Kumbha Mela every twelve years.
The present study was designed to demonstrate the monthly variations in physico-chemical parameters of River
Yamuna at Kalsi Dehradun for a period of one year from August 2010 to July 2011. Water samples were
collected on monthly basis and analyzed forestimation of twenty two important parameters like Temperature,
Velocity, Turbidity, Transparency, Conductivity, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids,
pH, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Free CO
2
, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD,
Nitrate, Phosphate, Sodium and Potassium.From the study it was found that the water quality of River Yamuna
at Kalsi is affected due to the pollution from surrounding residential areas, agricultural runoff and anthropogenic
activities and it needs the regular monitoring and proper management to protect the water quality status of River
Yamuna.The study also indicates that water quality is not suitable for drinking purposes and it needs some
conservation and management plan to save the River.
PP-73: Family Lamiaceae: Role in clean-up Technology of metal polluted soils
Girish Kharkwal
*
and Chitra Pande
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The present study was conducted to explore the phytoremedial capacity of the Ocimum basilicum and Mentha
arvensis planted in pots in triplicate on metal contaminated soil treated with different concentrations of lead,
copper and cadmium. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils is a major environmental problem that
can reduce both the productivity of plants and the safety of plant product as food and feeds. Phytoremediation is
more cost-effective, environment friendly and has fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches.
Heavy metal (Pb, Cu and Cd) analyses in soil and plant (on dry weight basis) samples were performed on an
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GBC-902 Avanta Sigma Model, Austalia) using acetylene gas as fuel
and air as an oxidizer. Mean values of three replicates were taken for each determination. The effect of metal on
essential oil composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS.
The transfer factor for lead was 0.042, 0.104, 0.112, 0.110 and 0.103 respectively in Ocimum basilicum while
0.009, 0.014, 0.009, 0.013 and 0.015 respectively in M. arvensis in control (m
0
), 500 (m
), and speeds of sound (u) have been measured for the binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane with 1-
hexanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol over the entire composition range at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K and
at atmospheric pressure while viscosities (
), isentropic compressibilities (
S
u and
S
,
were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation and the viscosity data have been
correlated by using the equations of Grunberg-Nissan, Tamura-Kurata, Katti-Chaudhri, Hind et al. and Heric-
Brewer and have been used to discuss the presence of significant interactions between cyclic ether and alcohols.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
105
PP-77: Study of physiochemical factors determining emulsion stability
Harish Chandra Joshi and I. P. Pandey
Oil Extraction, Environmental & Disaster Management Lab., D. A. V. College, Dehradun, Uttarahand, India
[email protected]
Emulsions are widely used in various fields such as pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetic, paint and food
industries. The droplets diameter of these emulsions is usually of the order of 0.1-10m. When emulsions are
applied to various commercial products, their physical properties such as the particle size distribution and
viscoelasticity are required to keep their original states regardless of time. The change of dispersion states of
droplets for example, flocculation and creaming, is also undesirable.However,in some applications it is
necessary to break the emulsion in order to release the active material as the active ingredient is contained in the
emulsion droplets.Thus,it becomes necessary to study the physiochemical factors determining emulsion
stability. In the present study, the effect of processing conditions, oilpolarity, emulsifier polarity and
composition, phase volume ratio, mixing time and temperature on emulsion stability is covered.
PP-78: Going green with data warehousing
Priti Dimri, Deepak Dangwal and Harshal Gunwant
Computer Science and Engineering Department, G. B. Pant Engineering College,
Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Current scenario of computer industry tremendously booming with advances in green technology, thus reducing
huge power consumption along with providing competitive-edge performance in the marketplace and a solution
domain to environment degradation. Green computing has introduced a range of equipments like energy
efficient chips, high-end storage mediums etc. that incorporates well with technologies such as Data
warehousing systems expertise helping in limiting the impact on environment. Data warehouse is a new
generation Decision Support System (DSS) tool that is setting milestones in maintaining voluminous data,
historical backups and providing multi-dimensional ad-hoc queries in generating results, patterns and
comparisons quickly within a span of time. Meteorological databases used for weather forecasting is one of the
fastest growing databases. Automated Weather System (AWS) keeps track of all weather conditions regularly
and stores it accordingly and therefore keeps on increasing the warehouse size. This paper articulates the
reduction of power-hungriness of data warehousing system and explores its energy efficient perspectives in the
field of Meteorology.
PP-79: Fumigant toxicity of chloropicrin against wood destroying insect: Lyctus
africanus
Himani Pant
*
and Sadhna Tripathi
Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division
Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
The practice of using fumigants to control decay has been widely accepted all over the world and has been
shown to be effective in controlling internal decay in transmission poles and other large wood timbers. The
present study deals with the testing of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) for its effectiveness in preventing or
arresting attack by wood borer i.e. Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera; Lyctidae). Softwood and hardwood
blocks (1.9cm
3
) were fumigated with different concentrations of chloropicrin. Results revealed that 0.4%
concentration of chloropicrin caused 100% mortality of L. africanus larvae in both woods. The lowest
concentration tested (0.05%) revealed 74.07 and 87.03% mortality in softwood and hardwood respectively. .On
the basis of probit analysis it was observed that the LC
50
of chloropicrin for L. africanus is 0.05 in softwood and
0.018 % in hardwood.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
106
PP-80: Consumer awareness scale of electronic waste recycling
Hrithik Sharma and Sachin Kumar
Faculty of Science & Technology, ICFAI University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Many times we think and discuss about recycling of several materials we use around the globe. The most eye-
raising recycling is of Electronic Waste (EW). EW is not limited to the industries; it is also created and found at
our homes as well. In Indian system of considering the waste as homologous, it is quite difficult to make people
aware that the waste must be categorically dumped. There is always a survey and ground work which must be
done before educating the public on any issue. This survey is helpful on measuring on how much and on which
level the Awareness-Spreading system should be followed. Also, it is helpful for learning new ideas of dumping
EW and reusing it in several other aspects. The paper discusses about the present trend and awareness scale
(AS) of general public as how they dump the electronic waste. From an extensive survey of 500 odd houses
from 6 different states of India, the paper exclusively shows the AS (Calculated of 10) .Also the paper sates the
ways adopted by the people/consumers who were above 7 of the AS. Not surprisingly, people above AS level 7
were only a few. After a week of educating the people of that area, the survey was again taken with the same
and random sample number. It was found that the AS level of the public increased to 8 (at an average) and new
methods came into picture which were started being adopted by them. The paper is a base for Certified Recycler
Electronics Program for educating common man and public about the problem that could only be solved by an
individual but by all of us together.
PP-81: Adsorption of organic molecules on interacting surfaces
I.P. Pandey and Anupama Sharma
Oil Extraction, Environmental & Disaster Management Lab., D.A.V. College, Dehradun, India
[email protected]
The number of chemical reaction proceeds by the phenomenon of adsorption of organic molecules on these
interacting surfaces. As a result of adsorption of organic molecules the heat is liberated which is called the heat
of adsorption. During this process the nature of surfaces play a significant role in the physico-chemical
properties of organic molecules. The chemical reaction proceed by the process of activation and depends on
the curvature of the surfaces. This average curvature of the surface can be calculated using the rule of
mathematical chemistry and Gauss bonnet theorem of differential geometry. The applicability of this method
has been highlighted in the area of catalytic and biochemical reaction and in studying the nature of interaction of
proteins with other solid surfaces.
PP-82: Denitrification of high salinity, high nitrate wastewater using clinoptilite in a
packed bed bioreactor
Abbas Rezaee and Hooshyar Hossini
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
[email protected], [email protected]
The aim of the present work was to study the treatment of high strength nitrate, high salinity wastewater using a
packed bed bioreactor filled with clinoptilolite. Biological denitrification was monitored at different loadings
rates (0.8-4 kg NO
3
-
/m
3
d) and salinities (10-40 g L
-1
). The denitrification rate, COD consumption, and nitrite
accumulations were response parameters. In the experimental conditions, a maximum denitrification rate of 3.72
kg NO
3
-
/(m
3
d) was achieved with ethanol as a carbon source and salinity at 10g L
-1
. During denitrification, no
more than 0.1 mg NO
2
- L
-1
could be accumulated.
PP-83: Adsorption of hexavalent chromium using Sargassum
Ali Khavanin and Majid Ansari
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
[email protected], [email protected]
The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption of hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), from an aqueous
solution using brown seaweed Sargassum. The effect of solution pH, contact time, initial chromium and nitrate
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
107
concentrations were studied. The experimental data were fitted to the Freundlich and DubininRadushkevick
isotherms. The results showed the contact time and pH are the most important parameters influencing the Cr
(VI) adsorption onto Sargassum. The optimum pH, contact time, the initial adsorbent dosage and initial Cr (VI)
and nitrate concentration were found to be 3, 120 min, 1.3 g, 50 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively.
PP-84: Application of green technology in infrastructure
Isha Verma and Prachi Sohoni
Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
[email protected], [email protected]
A green building, which is also known as a sustainable building is designed to meet some objectives such as
occupant health; using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to
the environment. It is an opportunity to use the resources efficiently while creating healthier buildings that
improve human health, build a better environment, and provide cost savings. All the development projects lead
to over-consumption of natural resources. This leads to serious environmental problems. Green building concept
deals with the optimum use of natural resources for the development of infrastructure. The low cost eco-friendly
house is the modern construction method which uses locally available material and unskilled labor and also
reduces the construction time. Similarly, use of recycled plastic, recycled aggregates and municipal wastes for
the construction of pavement has considerable effect on the environment of earth. Another advanced method is
the construction of low carbon building which uses sustainable materials like blended cement, compacted fly
ash blocks, low energy intensity floor and roofing system, rammed earth walls and stabilized mud blocks etc.
This ultimately results in reduction of green house gases which will help to reduce green house effect. This
paper presents an overview of application of modern green infrastructure construction technology which makes
a significant impact on conservation/proper utilization of resources like land, water, energy, air, material etc
thereby reducing the overall cost of construction as well as adverse impacts of climate change.
PP-85: Green fibre reinforced polymer composites An alternate to reduce ill effects of
synthetic polymers
Gurcharan Dass and Jagdish Chander
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, JCDM College of Engg., Sirsa, Haryana, India
Environment has two types of polymer that are naturally occurring and synthetic polymers. The use of synthetic
polymers is popular all over world because of their usefulness and convenience. Besides all these advantages
synthetic polymers pose a threat to environment because of the fact that they are indestructible material which
can take thousands of years to disintegrate. To remedy this situation an alternate is to make synthetic polymers
biodegradable by adding natural fillers. At the last work done for the remedy is reported shortly.
PP-86: Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of the iminic moiety in 3-chloro-2-formyl
pyridine hydrazones promoted by copper, nickel and cobalt
Jagvir Singh
1
, Kamlesh Kumri
3
, Prashant Singh
2
and Netra Pal Singh
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, India
2
B. B. A.University, Lucknow, U.P., India
3
Department of Chemistry, MNIT, Allahabad, U.P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
N-substituted pyridine hydrazones (2-formylpyridine, 3-chloro benzohydrazide) undergoes Schiff base
formation of the iminic carbon nitrogen double bond through its reaction with [Ni/CoCl
2
(dmso)
2
] and [CuCl
2
(dmso)
2
] in ethanol. Coordinated to the afford [Ni/CoCl
2
(FPBH)
2
] and [Cu
(FPBH)
2
] Cl
2
complexes. These
metal complexes have been characterized by
1
H &
13
C (NMR), FTIR, elemental analysis, molar conductance,
magnetic moments, and electronic spectral measurements. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal ions
and synthesized ligand in molar ratio M: L (1:2) resulting in the formation of the metal complexes. The ligand
as well as their complexes shows a significant antimicrobial studies.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
108
PP-87: Microwave mediated synthesis of a new series of biologically important 1,4-
dihydropyridines
Jaspreet Kaur
1*
, Ranju Bansal
2
and Anupreet Kaur
1
1
University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
2
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
[email protected]
Green chemistry has enjoyed explosive growth in recent years with current areas of interest including
multicomponent reactions, catalyst and solvent free synthesis. In this regard, microwave assisted synthesis
provides rapid, green and predictable yields. 1, 4-dihydropyridines have been recognized as vital drugs in the
treatment of angina and hypertension. Due to variety of biological activities possessed by dihydropyridines and
their analogues, a novel protocol for efficient synthesis of new 1, 4-dihydropyridines is being developed via a
two step reaction under microwave irradiation. A mixture of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (10 mmoles), methyl
acetoacetate (20 mmoles) and ammonium acetate (30 mmoles) was taken in vial and heated in a microwave
synthesizer (Biotage) for 15-20 minutes to obtain corresponding dihydropyridine. The compound obtained after
filtration was subject to alkylation with various hydrochlorides of dialkyl-aminoethyl chlorides which resulted
in the target dihydropyridine. The completion of reactions was established by thin layer chromatography using
chloroform and methanol. The new series of dihydropyridines will be used further for enzymatic
biotransformation to obtain enantioselective compounds. Optical yields and optical configurations have been
confirmed using polarimeter and chiral HPLC measurements.
PP-88: Screening and analysis of different medicinal herbs in context with Chronic
Active Hepatitis disease
Jaya Krishna
Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
A clinical study was undertaken to determine the effect of the combination of Andrographs Paniculata,
Tinospora Pordifolia with Tephrosia Purpurea, Boerhavia Piffusa and Picrorrhiza Kurroa on the patients with
chronic active Hepatitis B disease. The yield of the plant extract was highest in Ethanol. It indicates that the
major component of the herbs were soluble in ethanol. The plant extracts have been tested for the antiviral
activities and metal analysis on Japanese Encephalitis virus. The doses were 500-4 /ml and 0% inhibition (in
vitro). The viruses remained inactive. The decoction of the medicinal herbs had a significant result with the
elevated HBsAg, AST and ALT levels of chronic active Hepatitis B patient i.e.: intervention of medicinal herbs
in the form of the decoction among CAH patients gave significant reduction.Hence, the study showed that the
herbal treatment was effective to the patient of Chronic Active Hepatitis to provide their healthy life style.
PP-89: Green networking in practice: performance evaluation of routing protocols for
ad hoc networks based on energy consumption
Suresh Kumar, K. D. Narayan, Nitin Arora
*
and Jogendra Kumar
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Engineering College, Pauri, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Ad hoc networks are characterized by multi-hop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology
and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. A major issue with ad-hoc networks is energy
consumption since nodes are usually mobile and battery-operated. In this paper we have mainly focused on
energy consumption issues of routing protocols. We compare the Performance of three routing protocols for
mobile ad hoc networks: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
(AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) on the basis of energy consumption.
The performances of protocols are analyzed in different network scales and based on the observation we make
several recommendations.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
109
PP-90: Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of P-Cuscn/ N-Zno
heterojunction films
B. Mar
1*
, K.C.Singh
2
, L. Ortiz
1
, M. Mollar
1
and Balraj Deshwal
2*
1
Departament de Fsica Aplicada-IDF, Universitat Politcnica de Vlencia,
Cam de Vera s/n, 46022, Vlencia, Spain
2
Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
[email protected]
The compact and smooth surface films of n-ZnO on FTO substrate were deposited electrochemically in a non
aqueous bath. Hetereojunction of p-CuSCN/n-ZnO film was prepared by depositing CuSCN electrochemically
over the ZnO substrate. The films were characterized by cyclic voltametrically, chronoamperimetrically, SEM,
EDX and XRD measurements. The pure crystalline films of CuSCN with intrinsic trigonal pryramidal
morphology over the ZnO films were obtained electrochemically by fixing the SCN/Cu ratio in the electrolytic
bath 1.5:1 at 60C with -0.4 V deposition potential. Photocurrent measurements showed the increase of intrinsic
surface states or defects in ZnO/CuSCN interface. The I-V characteristics of hetereojunction show a good
rectification behaviour with 250 rectification ratio at 2V. The value of 2.81 of ideality factor calculated by
fitting the semilogarithmic I-V data with the ideal diode equation revealed the better electrical contact between
the smooth ZnO and CuSCN films than that of ZnO nano rods and CuSCN crystallites.
PP-91: Growth Mechanism and Morphology of ZnO/eosin-Y Hybrid Thin Films
MAR Bernab
1*
, Singh Krishan-Chander
2
, Mollar Miguel
1
, Moya Mnica
1
, Rana Ravi
2
and Perla Wahnn
3
1
Departament de Fsica Aplicada- IDF, Universitat Politcnica de Valncia,
Cam de Vera s/n, 46022, Valncia, Spain
2
Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
3
Instituto de Energa Solar & Dpt., Tecnologias Especiales, Universidad Politcnica de Madrid,
Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
[email protected]
Thin hybrid films of ZnO/eosin-Y were prepared by electrodeposition at -0.8 and -0.9 V in aqueous and non-
aqueous baths at temperatures ranging from 40 to 90 C with dye concentrations of 100 and 400 mol L-1. The
films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and absorption spectroscopy. The films prepared in a non-
aqueous bath were non-porous and did not adsorb dye molecules on their surface. However, the films grown in
aqueous media were porous in nature and adsorbed dye during the deposition of ZnO. Preferential growth of the
film along the (002) face was observed, and the highest crystallinity was achieved when the film was deposited
at 60 C. The maximum absorption was achieved for the films grown at 60 to 70 C, a deposition potential of -
0.9 V, and a dye concentration of 100 mol L
-1
.
PP-92: Web content protection system of information leakage
Kamlesh Kumar
1
, Amarjeet Singh
2
and Manisha Sharma
3
1
Department of Computer Applications, Jai Arihant Academic Institute, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttatakhand, India
2
Department of Computer Applications, Institute of Environment and Management, Lucknow, U.P., India
3
Department of Mathematics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Web application development is more complex and challenging than most of us think. But most Web-based
systems are still poorly developed and in an ad hoc manner, resulting in poor quality and maintainability and
contributing to failures. In this paper, we propose a web-based system for prevention of the confidential
information leakage caused by the person who is authorized to access. This system realizes the centralized
access control to the distributed confidential information and supports the confidential pages generated
dynamically by web applications. We show the design and implementation of this system that is transparent to
users. In this paper, we propose the Data Leakage Prevention System (DLPS). This system provides protection
of the confidential information stored in the web server against the information leakage such as bringing out the
data by saving it as file, writing it to the media, and printing it out. Users can only read but cannot copy nor
print the confidential information. The DLPS comprises four major components; Viewer, Encryption Proxy,
Authentication Server, and Access Control Directory. Encryption Proxy, which is a proxy server interposed
between client and web server, encrypts transmitted data of the confidential information on demand. Adopting
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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110
this encryption method, it is not necessary to change the existing web server that stores the confidential
information, and the DLPS supports the confidential information generated dynamically by web applications
such as CGI or Java Servlet. In addition, whenever Viewer accesses the confidential information, Authentication
Server authenticates users and controls the access. The system administrator can manage the confidential
information with the configuration of Access Control Directory and centralized access control of the distributed
confidential information can be realized.
PP-93: The study of security issues for public domain biometric applications
Kamlesh Kumar
1
, Balam Singh
2
and Ashutosh Kumar Bhatt
3
1
Department of Computer Science & Applications, J. A. A. Institute, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Computer Application, Color Design India Education Center, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India
3
Department of Computer Science, Birla Institute of Applied Sciences, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Although biometrics is becoming an integral part of the identity management systems, current biometric
systems do not have 100% accuracy. Some of the factors that impact the accuracy of biometric systems include
noisy input, non-universality, lack of invariant representation and non-distinctiveness. Further, biometric
systems are also vulnerable to security attacks. A biometric system that integrates multiple cues can overcome
some of these limitations and achieve better performance. Extensive research work has been done to identify
better methods to combine the information obtained from multiple sources. It is difficult to perform information
fusion at the early stages of processing (sensor and feature levels). In some cases, fusion at the sensor and
feature levels may not even be possible. Fusion at the decision level is too simplistic due to the limited
information content available at this level. Therefore, researchers have generally preferred integration at the
matching score level which offers the best compromise between information content and ease in fusion.
PP-94: Synthesis and antitubercular activity of substituted aryl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-
acridin-9-yl)-amine derivatives
Rajendra Yadav
1*
, Kapil Kumar Goel
1
, Peeush Singhal
1
, Shashikant
2
and Ashwani Kumar
1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
2
Jubilant chemisis Ltd. Noida, Uttar Pardesh, India
Tuberculosis (abbreviated TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and often deadly infectious
disease caused by mycobacteria, in humans mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1
. Tuberculosis usually attacks
the lungs (as pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the
circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the skin. The
goal of the present day drugs is to combat drug resistance and to reduce the duration of therapy from six months
to at least three months to eradicate the bacteria. Taking into account the lead molecules from our earlier efforts
to exploring tetrahydroacridine based molecules which show their effect via intercalation to nucleotide base
pairs in the helix and arrests the biosynthesis of DNA, new molecules would be synthesized and evaluated for
their antitubercular potential. The possible mode of action would also be elucidated.
PP-95: Synthesis, spectral and antimicrobial studies of 2[1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl]
acetic acid mannich bases
Sheela Joshi, Kapil Vyas
*
, Purti Bilgaiyan and Anju Pathak
School of Chemical Sciences, D.A.V.V., Indore, India
[email protected]
The present invention deals with the synthesis of Mannich bases of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid
methylamines (Gabapentin). A series of Mannich bases of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid
(Gabapentin) were synthesized via Mannich reaction of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid with
primary amines. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of elemental analysis, UV, IR and
1
HNMR Spectral data. All the compounds have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against a
representative panel of bacteria i.e. E-coli, B.subtilis, and S.aureus. Synthesized compounds were found to
exhibit profound antibacterial activity. 2[1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid (Gabapentin), a biologically
potent drug showed no significant antibacterial activity but its Mannich bases are found to show potent activity
against the pathogenic bacteria.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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111
PP-96: Effect of heat on reaction system of acetonitrile- water vapor in presence and
absence of Montmorillonite clay with or without cations (Cu
2+
,Ca
2+
,Mg
2+
) as sensitizers
under prebiotic wetting drying conditions
Kavita Gururani
*
, Namrata Pandey, Pramod Pandey and C.K.Pant
Department of Chemistry, D.S.B.Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttrakhand, India
[email protected]
The abiotic evolution of life postulated by Oparin and Haldane posits production of organic molecules on the
early earth was followed by chemical reactions that produced increased complexity leading to organic life. The
effect of heat on reaction system of acetonitrile-water vapor was investigated in presence and absence of
montmorillonite clay with or without divalent cations under wetting and drying condition for a period of 100
hrs, temperature and pH 8.5+5
0
C.The reaction concentrates were analysed at different intervals of 25hrs, 50hrs,
75hrs and 100hrs by paper chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography as well as UV
spectrophotometric methods gave more or less identical range of amino acids and identified as lysine ,aspartic
acid, serine, glycine, alanine, valine and leucine. Reaction concentrate of acetonitrile-water vapor heated upto
100hrs in presence of montmorillonite clay with or without divalent cations has shown the calalytic effect in the
following order: M.Cu
2+
> M.Ca
2+
> M.Mg
2+
> M
PP-97: Studies of dye sensitized photogalvanic solar cell: Lissamine Green B-Ascorbic
acid-NaLS system for Electrical Parameters, Solar energy conversion & storage
K.R.Genwa
*
and Kewal singh
Department of Chemistry J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The photogalvanic cell is a device which converts solar energy into electricity on the basis of photo galvanic
effect. In photogalvanic cell containing Lissamine Green B as photosensitizer in Ascorbic acid-NaLS system the
cell performance were observed 150 minutes in dark respectively. The effects of different parameters on the
electrical output of the cell were observed and current-voltage (i-V) charecteristics of the cell were also studies.
The photopotential, photocurrent and maximum photopotential were observed as 850.0 mV and 375.0 A,
1095.0 mV respectively. The mechanism was proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cell.
PP-98: Anti- diabetic drug metformine as an anti-cancer agent in chemically induced
hepatocellular carcinogenesis
Kimothi Vishwa Deepak
1*
, Negi Singh Deepak
2
, Panwar Pooja
1
and Anwar Firoj
1
1
Sidhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Cancer is a class of deasese in which a group of cells display uncontrolled grouth in-vasion and some time
metastsis. Present time hepatocellularcarcinoma is major cause of death in world. The present study is design to
evaluate the anti-cancer activity of anti-diabetic drug Metformine in chemically induced HCC. Cancer is
induced by Di Methyl Nitrosoamine (DENA)-200mg/kg by I.P. route in Rates. Cancers cells required more
glucose for suvival. In present study we stop the glucose production by giving antidiabetic drug. Metformine is
antidiabetic drug it supress hepatic glucose production decerese inetstinal absorption of glucose and increase
insulin senstivity by increasing periferal glucose uptake and utilisation. The parameters evaluate are like
Bilirubine, GGTP, SGOT, SGPT, Glucose and histopathology of rat liver. The above biochemical parameters
are increased in HCC. After giving metformine dose 125mg/kg orally to rates the biochemical parameters are
decresed and in histopathological study of rat liver the tumar growth is supreesd by giving
metformine(125mg/kg).
PP-99: Volatiles of feronia elephantum correa
Kiran Tewari
*
, Charu Singh and Chitra Pande
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Feronia elephantum Correa (syn Limonia acidissima L., Feronia limonia L.), commonly known as wood apple,
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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112
is the only species of this genus in the family Rutaceae. It is an erect, slow growing, moderate sized tree, with
rigid bark, fissured and scaly with sharp spines. The plant is well known for its medicinal use. The leaves are
aromatic and are used for the treatment of indigestion and in bowl infection. The fruit of the plant is considered
to be a stomachic, diuretic, cardiotonic and tonic to the liver and lungs. The essential oil composition of Feronia
elephantum Correa was examined by capillary GC and GC-MS. Analysis revealed the presence of 24
constituents, of which 18 constituents were identified. Trans-anethole (57.73%) and methyl chavicol (37.48%)
were the major compounds while cis-anethole p-anisaldehyde, (E)-jasmone, methyl eugenol, -caryophyllene,
linalool, (E)-methyl eugenol were also present as minor constituents. This is the first report on F. elephantum in
this region.
PP-100: Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer activity of transition metal
complexes of Imidazole derived ligand
Kishwar Saleem and Rahisuddin
Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
[email protected], [email protected]
A new ligand (L) has been synthesized by the reaction of imidazole with 1,3-diiodopropane in presence of solid
sodium hydride in 2:1 molar ratio in dimethylformamide (DMF). Nickel(II), palladium(II) and platinum(II)
complexes of ligand have also been synthesized. The reactions for the synthesis of ligand and its metal
complexes have been monitored by TLC. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis,
molar conductance, magnetic moment measurements, infrared,
1
HNMR, UV-Vis. spectroscopy. Molar
conductance measurement values showed non-electrolytic nature of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes.
Electronic spectra and magnetic moment measurement studies suggested square planar geometries of Ni(II),
Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal ions complexes. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity
in vitro against Hela (cervical carcinoma cells) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma cells). Platinum(II) complex
exhibits potent anti-cancer activity than palladium(II) complex, ligand and control. The anti-cancer activity
increases with increased the concentration of the same compound.
PP-101: Cadmium tolerance and its phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis
(L.) and Brassica juncea (L.) from the cadmium contaminated soil possessing salinity
and drought stresses
Kuldeep Bauddh and Rana P. Singh
*
Department of Environmental Science, B. B. A. University, Lucknow, U.P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity and drought stresses on the
phytoextraction of Cd by two oil yielding crops, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and Castor (Ricinus
communis). The study revealed that Cd in the soil possessing these stresses influenced not only growth,
protein, proline and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also Cd accumulation in roots and its translocation to
the shoots. Cd contamination to the soil resulted in general reduction in the growth of B. juncea and R.
communis plants in terms fresh and dry biomass accumulation. R. communis appeared to have relatively
stronger self protection ability in terms of proline bioaccumulation (r
2
=0.961) than that of B. juncea (r
2
=0.918)
grown in Cd contaminated soil possessing salinity and drought. The higher production of MDA indicated
greater damage to cell membrane in B. juncea than that in R. communis. When the correlation was plotted
between Cd concentration in the pot and MDA content in the leaves, lower r
2
value was found in R. communis
(r
2
=0.971) than that of B. juncea (r
2
=0.986) which indicate the greater damage to cell membrane in the B.
juncea than that in R. communis. The rate of accumulation of Cd in both the plants was calculated and it was
found that though, the amount of the metal accumulated in the roots and shoots of Indian mustard was higher
on the basis of per unit biomass than that in castor. The total removal of metal from soil on per plant basis was
much higher in castor because it produces large amount of underground and aerial biomass during the same
period. The translocation of Cd from roots to shoot was higher in B. juncea at all Cd concentrations. R.
communis appeared more tolerant for the Cd and other stresses and capable to clean Cd contaminated soil for
longer period in one sowing than B. juncea and the former can grow in wasteland soil also in which later
cannot be cultivated. In addition, R. communis is a perennial plant and can maintain removal of the metal from
the contaminated soil throughout the year for longer time in the same sowing which will reduce the operational
cost.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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113
PP-102: Non conventional method of water pumping using vertical wind turbine
Akash Prakash and B. Kishor
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology
[email protected]
The major problem for the agriculturists at the present scenario is the energy crisis. The major source of water
for the fields is wells and bore wells. People use pumps to pump out water from wells and bore wells. This
process involves lot of energy consumption every day. Our project deals with the process of pumping out water
from wells and bore wells using a specially designed wind mill. Our setup does not require any electrical
devices and thus thereby the losses are avoided.
PP-103: Modern era oral contraceptives: a trigger for veneous thrombo embolism
Ankit Saini,
Kuldeep
*
, Amandeep Singh Pundir, Udayvir Singh, Arun Sharma and Pranav Gupta
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
VTE (veneous thromboembolism) is an abnormal circulatory condition in which an embolus (balloon shape
structure containing tissue fragments) travels through the blood stream and become lodged in the blood vessel,
causing blood clots and occurring preferably in the deep veins in legs. Newer oral contraceptives(for prevention
of conception) are found to contribute towards serious blood clots. Therefore, the presented information was
compiled to reveal this serious problem with the help of some researchers data. Women on pills containing one
of the new types of progesterone hormone (drospirenone, desogestren) have increased the risk of venous
thromboembolism than the women on pills containing older progesterone(levonorgestrel). Researchers reviewed
data for all non pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 49 from January 2001 till December 2009 and the
reviewed data illustrated that there were 4,246 women with veneous thromboembolism in eight million women.
A data illustrates that ratio of 10:10,000 women per year with VTE risk taking newer pills. Thus, to decrease the
risk 2000 women should shift from using oral contraceptives with desogestrel, gestodene and drospirenone to
levonorgestrel in one year to prevent the risk. Clinicians will choose the drug with minimum risk and prescribe
oral contraceptives with levonogestrel whenever possible says Dr Philips Hannaford from university of
Aberdeen. The present work emphasized increased risk of blood clot due to intake of newer contraceptives pills;
however more studies are still required.
PP-104: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS): Not only a beautification mediator but also a
skin and fertility deteriorator
Kuldeep Singhal
1*
, Ankit Saini
1
, Pranav Gupta
1
and Rajni Saini
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India,
2
Himachal Institute of Dental sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal pradesh, India
[email protected]
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an ester of Sulphuric acid and is also known as "Sulfuric acid monododecyl
ester sodium salt. SLS is used mainly in soaps, shampoos, detergents, toothpastes and many other cosmetic
products. This chemical is an effective foaming agent, chemically known as surfactant. The following
information has been compiled to reveal the dangers associated with this beautification product. SLS is absorbed
into the body from skin application. Sodium lauryl sulphate denatures skin proteins, which causes not only
irritation, but also allows environmental contaminants easier access to the lower, sensitive layers of the skin.
After chronic use, it gets absorbed into the body and shows its major effect, that is to mimic the activity of the
hormone Oestrogen and is also responsible for a variety of health problems from menopausal symptoms to
dropping male fertility and increasing female cancers such as breast cancer. A report published in the Journal of
The American College of Toxicology in 1983 showed that concentrations as low as 0.5% could cause irritation
and concentrations of 10-30% caused skin corrosion and sever irritation. Shampoos are among the most
frequently reported products to the FDA. Report illustrates the various side effects which are eye irritation, scalp
irritation, tangled hair, swelling of the hands, face and arms and split and fuzzy hair. Sodium lauryl sulfate is
used in the cosmetic products due to its cheap nature. The profit of a pharmaceutical industry cannot be
considered so important that it would ignore the health hazards associated with such cheap products. Therefore
certain recreational steps are to be followed which are a combo of both that is safe and profitable. One such step
is the use of Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) which is less irritating than Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and cannot be
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
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114
metabolised by the liver and its effects are therefore much longer-lasting. However, there are certain health
hazards associated even with this derivative; therefore further studies are still required.
PP-105: Eco friendly paints
Sudha Lalchand
[email protected]
Save the Planet Earth. The Facts There are more than 10,000 chemicals that can be used in conventional paints;
many of which are newly created chemical components with little research conducted regarding their long-term
effects on both humans and the environment. Many of these chemicals may lead to health problems or
complicate existing conditions. Low level exposure to paint may irritate or burn the eyes, nose, throat and skin
and cause reactions such as headaches, dizziness or nausea. These symptoms are generally mild and will subside
once the direct exposure has ceased. However, high levels of exposure to some of the elements in paint, even for
a short period of time, can cause severe and lasting impacts such as kidney or liver damage or respiratory
problems. Substances found in some paint, such as formaldehyde and benzene, are carcinogenic while others,
such as heavy metals and phthalates, are human and ecosystem toxins. Eco Paints & Environment Today, to
save the ecosystem there are paints with non-toxic elements. These environmental friendly choices are made for
a healthier lifestyle. The use of Eco Paints ensures a healthier body and greener environment to live. The Eco-
Paints are Non-toxic with zero VOC (Volatile Organic Content) and have no odour and can be tinted to any
colour your heart or home desires with non-toxic tints. Eco Paints are also safe for the chemically sensitive. The
Eco-Paints are produced from fewer than 250 chemical components and more than 98 % of these chemicals are
naturally derived from plant sources and minerals. Most of the ingredients have been used for centuries or more.
The raw materials that are low in toxic s stances, renewable and feature a low environmental footprint. In the
Eco-Paints, the paints, stains, thinners and waxes are made from naturally-derived raw materials including citrus
peel extracts, essential oils, seed oils, tree resins, inert mineral fillers, tree and bee waxes, lead-free dryers and
natural pigments.
PP-106: Bioactivity of essential oil and pure compounds isolated from Senecio and
Helenium species
Lalit Mohan
*
, Anand B. Melkani and Charu C. Pant
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The genus Senecio and Helenium (Asteraceae) grows wild in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. About nineteen
species of the genus Senecio and only one species of the genus Helenium have been reported to grow in
Uttarakhand. The extract of this plant was reported to be potent natural pesticide and also possess insecticidal
activities. Senecio royleanus DC and Helenium grandiflorum (Willd.) O. Kuntze growing in Uttarakhand with
their pure isolates have not been investigated for antimicrobial activity. So the present communication deals
with the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils and pure isolates from both plants.
The test organisms used for antimicrobial activity were laboratory isolates of the pure culture of Gram positive
bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Gram negative bacteria Agrobacterium
tumefaciens, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Xanthomonas phaseoli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica enterica,
Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Three animal pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans,
Aspergilus nigar, Aspergilus flava and five plant pathogenic fungi Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum,
Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum against the oil sample and pure isolated
compound. Streptomycin, Erythromycin and Clotimazole were used as positive control. The antibacterial and
antifungal activity was done by disc diffusion method. In both the analysis all the fractions which showed
significant antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition 10mm) were further tested to find out the minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
1,10-Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophilane (69.0%) of the oil and 1-10-Epoxy furanoeremophilane (25.2%) also
isolated from leaf oil of Senecio royleanus. Geranyl isobutyrate (30.8%) and geranyl butyrate (10.0%) were
isolated from the oil of Helenium grandiflorum. The oil of S. royleanus showed maximum zone of inhibition
(21mm) against K. pneumoniae. 1,10 - Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophilane showed maximum activity against
A.tumifacienens (13mm) and 1-10-Epoxy furanoeremophilane maximum zone of inhibition against C.albicans
(18mm). It was interesting to note that the oil and compound isolated from S.royleanus might perhaps act as
growth promoter for S. rolfsii.
The essential oil of H. grandiflorum showed maximum inhibitory effect (18 mm) against E. faecalis. The MIC
value was observed at the lowest concentration (31.25 L/mL) against K. pneumoniae and P. multocida. The
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
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115
MBC value at 125 L/mL was observed against K. pneumoniae. The oil showed maximum zone of inhibition
against C. albicans (22 mm) and MIC value was observed at 62.5 L/mL against C. albicans. This is the first
report of furanoeremophelane derivatives reported from steam distillates. The result of present study would be
of a great significance in the discovery of new antimicrobials of plant origin.
PP-107: Studies on chemical composition of Microstylis wallichii Lindl. from
Uttarakhand
Nidhi Lohani
1
, Ravi kumar
2
, L. M. Tewari
1*
and G. C. Joshi
2
1
Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhad, India
2
C. C. R. A. S. Tarikhet, Ranikhet, Almora, Uttarakhad, India
[email protected]
Microstylis wallichii Lindl is a Rasayana and belongs to the Astverga. It is important for its medicinal uses in
traditional system of medicine since vedic period but study on the phytoconstituents is very less. Metal content
and volatile constituents in Microstylis wallichii Lindl. (family Orchidaceae) collected from Uttarakhand were
analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and GC and GC-MS respectively. Chemical analysis reveals
that Microstylis wallichii contain 6.48-7.18 ppm Cu, 43.00-49.50 ppm Zn, 35.00-37.00 ppm Mn, 331.00-352.45
ppm Fe, 21600.00-23000.00 ppm K, 1300.00-9000.00 ppm Ca, 2800.00-5300.00 ppm Mg, 198.00-217.50 ppm
Al, 26.70-37.50 ppm Ba, 55.60-59.70 ppm B, 0.27-0.30 ppm Mo, 148.00-156.00 ppm Cl and fatty acids-linoleic
acid (18:26) 61.20-65.23% w/w, -linolenic acid 18.10-15.50% w/w, oleic acid 12.00-14.87 % w/w, palmitic
acid (16:0) 5.90-6.00% w/w, stearic acid (18:0) 2.50-2.10% w/w, -linolenic acid (18:36) 1.87-2.20% w/w,
eicosanoic acid (20:0) 0.81-0.69 % w/w, eicosenoic acid (20:1) 0.42-0.52% w/w and eicosadienoic acid (20:2)
0.04-0.07% w/w. Other chemical constituents which were isolated from Microstylis wallichii are vitamins
tocopherol and -tocopherol 9.80-12.00 ppm and 695.00-786.7 ppm respectively while terpenoids 18.00-
20.50%. It has an Acid value of 1.20-1.39 and saponification value of 103.00-110.50.
PP-108: Water: a pharmaceutical aid for antibiotic production and a vector for
antibiotic resistance
Lalit kumar Uttam, Nitish kumar, Kuldeep, Udayvir and Pranav Gupta
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The word antibiotic comes from the Greek anti meaning 'against' and bios meaning 'life' (a bacterium is a life
form).' Antibiotics are also known as antibacterials, and they are drugs used to treat infections caused by
bacteria. Such a high production is although beneficial yet it encompasses certain hidden threats. Water has a
major role in the antibiotic production. Although the water used for production at various steps serves as a
backbone for the production but the final discharge of the used water causes serious problem. Once drainaged,
the waste water can cause the problems as follows : Firstly, polluting the nearby water body and affecting the
aquatic life to such an extent that even the genetic makeup of the aquatic species are found to be altered.
Secondly, if this water is used for agriculture and harvesting (accidentally or by mistake) it can enter the plant
and then to humans (biomagnification) and the long term use of such an antibiotic treated plant can even
develop antibiotic resistance in humans. Therefore, the waste water must first be treated to overcome the above
mentioned conditions. Heating the water to 130 degrees Fahrenheit (55 degrees Celsius) is found to be
particularly effective in eliminating the genes that confer antibiotic resistance. These genes are used by bacteria
to become resistant to multiple antibiotics, which are then known as "superbacteria" or "superbugs." This is just
a small attempt to explore the hazards of the antibiotic treated water and a solution to overcome it, however
further studies are still required.
PP-109: Usnic acid as a antiprotozoal drugs
Maheep K. Chahar and M. P. Dobhal
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Of the hundreds of known secondary metabolite from lichens, dibenzofuran derivative usnic acid [2, 6-diacetyl-
7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzo-furanddione] has become most extensively studies lichen
metabolite. it is generally isolated from the various species of lichen and most commonly obtained from
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
116
Parmelia, Cladonia, Alectoria, Usnea, Leconora, Ramalina and Evernia. Usnic acid have been utilized for
medicinal, perfumery, cosmetic as well as ecological applications. Usnic acid containing genera have been used
as a crude drug throughout the world. In studies of antiprotozoal activity, the results are very exciting and show
a path for the search of, a potent antiprotozoal drug from the usnic acid.
PP-110: New scientific development for water and wastewater treatment: a outline on
recent patents
Mahesh Srivastava, Dheeraj Singh Yadav, K. K. Tomer and Ajeet Kumar Agrawal
*
Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected], [email protected]
The concern over increasing needs for drinking water and awareness for development of systems to improve
water quality both for drinking purposes and for effluents from waste water treatment and industrial facilities
have provided incentives to develop new technologies and improve performance of existing technologies. In this
paper, the patents on treatment of water and wastewater approved during the period from 1999 to 2007 were
reviewed. The patents surveyed were classified into two groups as technologies for water purification systems
for drinking water, and technologies for treatment of wastewater. An assessment of the current and future
outlook for development of new technologies, methods of treatment, equipment and instruments which can be
used for water and wastewater treatment applications are presented.
PP-111: Ageratum conyzoides L.: Terpenoid profile, variation with altitude and
antimicrobial activity
Anand B. Melkani
*
and Chandra M. S. Bisht
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herb with a long history of traditional medicinal used in many
countries. There are reports on essential oil composition of A. conyzoides growing in 15 different countries.
However, A. conyzoides growing in Uttarakhand was not investigated for its terpenoid composition. The plant
grows wild and grows with wide range of altitude (250 m to 2500 m). Some morphological variations with
altitude made us to take up the present study. Four different sites with appreciable difference in altitude were
selected to find out any qualitative change in the essential oil composition and look for antimicrobial activity of
the oil and chromenes, present in the oil.
The plant material was collected from four different locations (Okhimath 2,500 m, Nainital 1,800 m, Gairsain
1,650 m, and Rudrapur 250 m). Steam volatile constituents were extracted separately, from whole aerial part,
leaves, flowers and roots of each collection and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The chromenes (7-methoxy-2,2-
dimethylchromene and 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene) were isolated by liquid chromatography. The
antimicrobial activity of whole oil and the isolated compounds was determined against five bacterial and five
fungal strains. A significant change in quantitative make up of the terpenoid composition was observed, which
appears to occur due to altitudinal variation. The terpenoid composition, its variation with respect to major
constituents and the antimicrobial activity shall be presented.
PP-112: Heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in Uttarakhand
Mamta Belwal
Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Syleds, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important problems in Uttrakhand and causes serious effects to
humans and animals. The aim of the resent study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in main
areas of Uttarakhand and understand the characteristics of the pollution in each area. Soil samples were
collected from a large area of Uttrakhand and analyzed for five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Dd, Zu & Hg) the results
indicate that heavy metal pollution in Uttarakhand has strong regional differences. Using cluster analysis, the
patterns of heavy metal pollution were divided into three major clusters: (i) Nainitial (ii) Dehradoon (iii)
Almora. Our findings indicate that Cromium is abundantly present in all the three clusters, but is maximum in
Almora and Dehradoon. Copper is maximum in Dehradoon and Minimum in Nainital. Zinc is also maximum in
Dehradoon and Minimum in Nainital. Cadmium also follow the same pattern. While Mercury is present in trace
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
117
amount in Almora and Dehradoon and were found absent in Nainital. Thus our findings indicate that Dehradoon
is most polluted among all the three clusters followed by Almora while Nainital is least polluted among all the
three clusters.
PP-113: Screening of stem extracts of Plumbago Zeylanica L. For antimicrobial activity
Ruby
1
, Manju rani
2*
, Mukesh Chandra
3
, Swapnil Shrama
1
,
Rajani chuhan
1
and Jaya Dwivedi
2
1
Department of pharmacy,
2
Departments of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
3
Department of pharmacy, SGRRITS Patel Nagar Dehradun, India
[email protected]
Medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. is the member of family plumbaginaceae. All part of this plant like
leaves and stem of the plant contain many chemical constituents for example naphthoquinones, sitosterol,
lupeol, lupenylacetate, hentriacontane and amino acids. The root contains- plumbagin (2- methoxy-5- hydroxyl-
1, 4-naphthoquinone), 3-chloroplumbagin, 3-3- biplumbagin, chitranone (1-2-Dihydro-1(s) 5, 5-trihydroxy-2, 3
R-dimethyle-2-propyl-3,8-bisnephthalene-1,4,4-trione, 2,3- biplumbagin; 6,6- biplumbagin, zeylenone. etc. The
plant also contains lineleic acid, palmitic acid, nonylnonanoate, stigmasterolacetate; lupeol acetate; friedelinol;
lupeol, lupanone; sitosterone and stigmasterone, vanillic acid, 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone, indole-3-
carboxaldehyde. Plumbagin (2-methoxy-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) being the most active constituent
possesses various pharmacological activities viz. antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiotonic and
antifertility action.The crude powdered drug extracted by using different type of solvents. The yields of various
crude extract fractions, screened against antibacterial and antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity were
against most of the bacterial strains except aqueous extract that gave discouraging results and was not found to
be active against any of the bacterial strains.On comparison of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of extract
following conclusion could be drawn:Good yield of crude powdered drug found with Ethanol solvent.
Chloroform extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against different bacteria but show moderate inhibition
against Acinetobacter baumannii while there was no inhibition against Bacillus cereus.The petroleum ether,
chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of stem of Plumbago zeylanica L screened for possible antifungal
activity. But the assay results unexpectedly were not found to be good.
PP-114: Kinetics and Mechanism of Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of
2, 3-dimethylaniline in acetone-water medium
Manmeet Kaur
1
, Payal Rathi
2
and Tarun Kumar
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Uttaranchal College of Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Tulas Institute of Engineering & Management, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The Mn(II) catalysed reaction between 2,3-dimethylaniline (AMX) and periodate ion in acetone-water medium
Rate of reaction decreases on increasing the ionic strength and decreasing the dielectric constant of the medium.
Free radical scavengers do not affect the reaction rate. One mol of AMX reacts with two moles of periodate
during the initial part of reaction. Results of kinetic studies under pseudo first order conditions, [IO
4
-
] >>
[AMX], are in agreement with the rate law:d[C]/dt = kK
3
K
4
K
w
[Mn
II
] [S] [IO
4
-
]
0
[H
+
] /{K
2
K
w
+ (K
w
+ K
b
K
2
)[H
+
] + K
b
[H
+
]
2
} where kK
3
K
4
is the empirical composite rate constant, K
w
is ionic product of water, K
2
is acid
dissociation constant of H
4
IO
6
-
and K
b
is base dissociation constant of TOL. [S] is the concentration of AMX
and [IO
4
-
]
0
represents the concentration of periodate which has been taken in excess. The 1/k
obs
versus [H
+
]
profile passes through the minimum. The reaction products were subjected to solvent extraction, TLC, melting
point, and spectroscopic studies and characterized as 2,3-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone. The values of
thermodynamic parameters are: Ea = 5.16 kcal mol
-1
, A = 4.19 10
8
dm
3
mol
-1
s
-1
; S
#
= 37.44 cal mol
-1
K
-1
,
G
#
= 16.17 kcal mol
-1
and H
#
= 4.54 kcal mol
-1
. Suitable mechanism has been proposed.
PP-115: Energy saving achieved by switching the option from conventional to green
buildings
Zeba Naaz and Mohammad Shahid
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
[email protected], [email protected]
This paper introduces an idea that a significant amount of energy saving can be achieved by switching a
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
118
conventional building to proposed green building. To demonstrate the energy saving, two building models have
been developed using ENERGY PLUS software. Delhi has been chosen for this study, its altitude is 216m,
latitude 28
0
35 N, and longitude 77
0
12 E. The first model demonstrates the energy consumption in
conventional building. The second model shows the energy consumption in same building by switching some
energy saving parameters such as building orientation, insulation, lighting control etc. Photovoltaic panels are
also implemented to share a prescribed amount of electrical load. The comparison result shows that the
proposed Green Building uses less energy in comparison to conventional building. By incorporating Green
Building strategy, 36% higher net saving of energy and cost as compared to Conventional building is found. The
result shows that carbon emission can also be reduced to a great extent. The study shows that the Green
Building is much reliable, economical and beneficial for human health and environment.
PP-116: Kinetics and Mechanism of oxidation of Phenol by Potassium
Permanganate in alkaline medium
Meena
Chemistry Department, Doon College of Engineering and Technology, Sunderpur, Saharanpur, U.P., India
[email protected]
Kinetic investigation of the oxidation of phenol by potassium permanganate in alkaline medium have been
studied in the temperature range 293, 298 and 303K. The reaction is first order in permanganate ion
concentration and has less than unit order each in phenol and alkali concentration. There was negligible effect of
ionic strength, contamination of basic solution of carbonate, dissolved oxygen and manganate ion (one of the
product). Initially added arcrylonitrile decreased the rate of reaction indicating free radical mechanism. The
results indicate that four molecules of permanganate ion were used by one phenol molecule. On the basis of
these observation a suitable mechanism and rate law have been proposed.
PP-117: Comparative study on Bioremediation of water in conjunction with
terephthalamides obtained from PET waste
R. K. Soni, Meenu Teotia
*
and Shalu Gupta
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Bioremediation refers to the use of microorganisms to degrade contaminants that pose environmental and
human risks. Due to its safety and convenience it has become an accepted remedy for cleaning polluted soil and
water. Generally heavy metals produce their toxicity by forming complexes with water and organic compounds.
Chromium has both beneficial as well as detrimental properties. Cr [III] is essential in human nutrition
especially in glucose metabolism however most of the hexavalent Cr [VI] compounds are toxic. The present
work is focused on the removal of chromium ions from water through bioremediation and also with the help of
terephthalamides obtained from PET waste. The study establishes the efficiency of P. fluorescence in the
absorption, accumulation, degradation and detoxification of chromium in waste water and amides added act as
initiator and were found to increase the activity of P. fluorescence.
PP-118: Tolerance and performance level of some plant species under roadside
Automobile pollution stress
Namita Joshi and Meha Bora
*
Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University,
Hardwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Vegetation naturally cleanses the atmosphere by absorbing gases and some particulate matter through leaves.
Some plants have been classified according to their degree of sensitivity and tolerance towards various air
pollutants. Levels of air pollution tolerance vary from species to species, depending upon the capacity of plants
to withstand the effect of pollutants. In the present study, the susceptibility level of different plant species were
determined which were collected from 4 different traffic intersections within the Haridwar city. These included
Cassia fistula, Bougainvillea glabra, Ficus benghalensis, Psidium gujava, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica,
Saraca indica and Eucalyptus sps. The value of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) has been evaluated by
using 4 different biochemical parameters including ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, pH and relative water
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
119
content. Combining APTI values with other socio-economic and biological parameters anticipated performance
index (API) of these plant species was also calculated. Both APTI and API values were further used to
categorize the sensitive and tolerant plant species.
PP-119: Effect of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate monomers composition on
initial gloss and gloss retention of emulsion paints
Monika Chaudhary
Department of Chemistry D.A.V College muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate studies with different types and different
amount of surfactants and thermal initiator. The polymerization reactions have been carried out at 80 2.0 C
using thermal initiator, for using as a binder in paints. The paint binder for low PVC paints have been developed
and discussed. In order to achieve the good initial gloss, gloss retention, affects of various surfactants, surfactant
level and specially monomers would be studied. The emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate butyl
acrylate was found to be desired properties with 50:50 monomer compositions. Therefore further studies such as
effect of amount of surfactant, initiator, N-methylolacryamide and glycedyl methyl acrylate on emulsion
properties and paints properties. Emulsion polymerization carried out only with 50:50 monomer compositions of
methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate to obtained optimum condition.
PP-120: Eco friendly fuel generation using artificial photosynthesis
Mohit Verma
*
and Mudit Gupta
University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Bidholi Campus Office, Energy Acres,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Recently a working prototype of artificial photosynthesis using a bottle of water mixed with a special catalyst, in
presence of sunlight produced 30 kilowatt/hour energy, enough to power a small home. Now compare this to
fossil fuels which are in short supply, contribute to pollution and global warming. Coal, while abundant, is
highly polluting both to human bodies and the environment, wind turbines hurt picturesque landscapes and
current solar-cell and other renewable energy technologies are expensive and inefficient. Artificial
photosynthesis could offer a new, possibly ideal way out of our energy predicament.
For millions of years, green plants have employed photosynthesis to capture energy from sunlight and convert it
into electrochemical energy. An artificial version of photosynthesis that can be used to produce liquid fuels
fromcarbon dioxide and water is under development. It is a photo electrochemical reaction in which nanotubes
embedded within a membrane act like green leaves, using incident solar radiation (H), in presence of special
catalyst like cobalt oxide to split water molecules (H
2
O), freeing up electrons and oxygen (O
2
) that then react
with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methanol (CH
3
OH) which can be used as fuel for cars. And unlike most
methods of generating alternative energy, artificial photosynthesis can produce more than one type of fuel. The
photosynthetic process could be tweaked so the reactions between light, CO
2
and H
2
O ultimately produce liquid
hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen can be used in hydrogen-powered engines in cars or in fuel-cells which can generate
electricity. The ability to produce a clean fuel without generating any harmful by-products, like greenhouse
gasses, makes artificial photosynthesis an ideal energy source for the environment. And since neither water nor
carbon dioxide is currently in short supply, it could also be a limitless source, less expensive than other energy
forms in the long run. In fact, this type of photo electrochemical reaction could even remove large amounts of
harmful CO
2
from the air in the process of producing fuel. It's a win-win situation.
PP-121: Cyclopropenoid fatty acids in Helicteres isora (Stercuaceae) seed oil
Swatika Sharma, Abdul Malik, Seema Parveen and M. R. K. Sherwani
*
Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Few decades before the detection, isolation and characterization was considered to be a difficult task but with
application of modern analytical techniques the occurrence of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) in the seed oil
is not as uncommon as believed. It is well established that the biogenetic oddity associated with malvalaceae
and sterculaceae seed oils is that they frequently contain epoxy as well as cyclopropenoid acids. There after
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
120
CPFA has been the subject of much investigation due to their deep biological effects on animals and co-
carcinogenic properties.During the course of chemical analysis of seed oils, it was found that the oil of
Helicteres isora responded to positive Helphen test (red color when heated with 1% solution of sulphur in
carbondisulphide).Therefore the oil was selected for the estimation and characterization of cyclopropenoid fatty
acids.
PP-122: Urea assisted combustion synthesis of LaGdO
3
:Eu
3+
nanoparticles
Mukesh Kumar, V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar
*
and Sonika
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
[email protected], [email protected]
A novel red light emitting Eu
3+
doped LaGdO
3
nanophosphor was synthesized by combustion synthesis using
urea as an organic fuel. The synthesized powder was further treated at different temperatures for 3 hrs to
increase luminescence intensity and crystallinity of the materials. The combustion synthesis provides an
interesting alternative over other elaborated techniques because it offers several attractive advantages such as
simplicity of experimental set-up, surprisingly short time between the preparation of reactants and the
availability of the final product and being cheap due to energy saving. The crystalline structure of prepared
materials, morphology of particles and their photoluminescence properties are characterized by X- ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) under an UV
source for excitation. The particle size of nanophosphor was found to have an average range of 30-70 nm size.
The photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows predominant red color of the nanocrystals prepared under an UV
source that was attributed to transitions [
5
D
0
7
F
2
] at 613nm.
PP-123: Common fiber yielding traditional Techniques in Garhwal Himalaya
(Uttarakhand): A case study
Mukta Dangwal
Govt. P. G. College, New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Garhwal Himalaya is the most spectacular in its natural assets landform and lush green forest. Uttrakhand state
is the 27
th
newly born state of India comprises 13 districts (four districts are under consideration). It lies in
between 43 to 31
0
8 N latitude and 77
0
35 to 81
0
2 E longitude and is surrounded to the North-west by
Himachal Pradesh, to the north by Tibet (China), to the east by Nepal and to the south by Uttar Pradesh. The
large human populace with diverse life styles, beliefs, traditions and cultural heritage inhabiting in hilly region
of Himalayas has learnt to utilize natural resources and products in various ways. Out of these one of the
common fibre yielding peeled out tecniques of local villagers from different plants. During last five years
authors have been found out 12 plants which are commonly used in fibre by local villagers are listed.
PP-124: Biologically active coordination polymers of transition metals contains 2-
aminobenzoic acid, formaldehyde and diethylenediamine
Nahid Nishat
*
, Shamim Ahmad Khan and Raza Rasool
Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
[email protected]
Metal chelating polymers containing amide and carboxylic groups were prepared by the reaction of 2-
aminobenzoic acid, formaldehyde and diethylenediamine. The ligand obtained were loaded by metal ion of
Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) The chemical structure of the ligand and its polymeric metal complexes
were confirmed by various spectroscopic studies like IR, UV-VIS,
1
HNMR,elemental analysis
thermogravimetric studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. On the basis of elemental and spectral
studies, six coordinated geometry was assigned to Mn(II), Co(II) Ni(II) and Cu(II) and four coordinated to
Zn(II). According to these result, it is suggested that ligand acts as tetra dentate and coordinates to each metal
atom by amide and oxygen atoms of acid group of the 2-aminobenzoic acid. TGA studies confirm the presence
of water molecules in polymer metal complexes of Mn(II), Co(II) Ni(II) and Cu(II). Antimicrobial activity of
polymer metal complexes against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. albicans, A. niger and
M. canis were measured. It is observed that polymer-metal complexes are efficient and effective antimicrobial
agents.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
121
PP-125: Comparative study of the thermal performance of flat plate solar air heater
For different models
Naveen Sharma
*
, Promila and Sunil
[email protected]
Solar collectors are exaggeratedly efficacious in all fields of living like agricultural, residential and industrial
fields for multifarious applications like: seasoning of timber, greenhouse heating, curing of industrial products
and where less than 100
o
C fluid temperature is required. In recent work, the effect of various environmental
(solar radiation intensity, wind velocity and ambient temperature), design (number of glass cover plate,
emissivity of glass plate and tilt angle) and operating parameters (mass flow rate, Reynolds number) on the
thermal performance have been studied. The present study aims to evaluate top loss coefficient for different
models and finally compare the thermal performance considering different parameters for solar air heater.
PP-126: Composition and antimicrobial activity of cultivated Ocimum basilicum
essential oil from two regions of Uttarakhand
Neelakshi Singh
1*
, Archana N. Sah
1
, Harish C. Andola
2
, Alok Semwal
3
and Deepak Singh Negi
4
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus,
Nanital, Uttarakhand, India
2
Centre for Aromatic Plants, HRDI, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
4
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The aim of the present study was to identify the volatile components and evaluate the Antimicrobial potential of
the O.basilicum essential oil cultivated and collected from two regions viz. Jaspur and Centre for Aromatic
Plants (CAP) farm, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation were characterized by
GC and GC-MS. Jaspur oil (97.998% of total volatiles quantified) and CAP farm oil (91.04%) contained methyl
chavicol (76.90260%, 67.43030%); linalool (18.32310, 20.19213); Z-citral (0.73396, 0.54708); E-citral
(0.92899,0.97023); cis alpha bisabolene (1.10963, 1.90146), respectively as the major compounds. Percentage
of methyl chavicol was higher in Jaspur oil sample. The Antimicrobial assay of the essential oil samples was
done by Disc-diffusion method. Four bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseuodomonas
aeruginosa and Acinetobacter were used for study. Amikacin discs (30 mcg) were used as std. antibiotic.
Antibacterial potency of the essential oils was assessed by measuring inhibition zone diameter after 24 hr.
growth at 37
0
C. Antifungal activity was tested against Microsporum gypseum, Black fungus, Trichophyton
rubrum and Aspergillus parasiticus. Gentamycin (10 mcg) was used as positive control. Inhibition zones were
observed after 24/48 hr. incubation at 28
0
C. All four bacterial and fungal strains were found to be sensitive to
both the oils. CAPfarm oil sample showed best activity against S. aureus, known to play a significant role in
invasive skin diseases and the oil of Jaspur has good potency against Acinetobacter. A. parasiticus was more
sensitive to CAPfarm oil while jaspur oil has shown best activity against T. rubrum and Black fungus. Both the
oil samples showed good activity against M. gypseum. MIC was carried out by Broth dilution method.
Antimicrobial Activity of the oils may be due to Phenol derivatives. This study has successfully validated the
existence of previously reported methyl chavicol rich chemotype in essential oil of O.basilicum and its folkloric
use as an antimicrobial.
PP-127: Promoting sustainable agriculture through green chemistry
Neelam Kumari
Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Green chemistry is an important tool in achieving sustainability. The scope of the field of green chemistry is
analysed and the capacity of green chemistry to facilitate a shift to sustainable agriculture is evaluated. It is
focused on biopesticides of great concern. Green chemistry connects with sustainable agriculture as a consumer
of agricultural products, as a source for remediation technologies, and as a producer of inputs. The biopesticides
categories and formulations are analysed. Opportunities and challenges for biopesticides which includes safety
and transparency are also discussed. It is conduded that as the area of biopesticides grown in scale, the field of
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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122
biopesticides is ripe for green chemistrys broad principals based approach sustainability.
PP-128: More Technique: A green transformation method of amide derivatives for
pharmaceutical industry
Neerja Gupta
Department of Chemistry, ANDNNM College, Kanpur, U. P., India
[email protected]
Green technologies are required essentially to protect our environment from pollution.MORE (Microwave-
induced Organic Reaction Enhancement) techniques are potentially valuable as they reduce the need for organic
solvents and also increase atom economy by improving product selectivity and chemical yield. This method
displays both economic and environmental advantages. High yields are achieved even on a gram scale, while
reaction times are considerably shortened. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been found to be an efficient
catalyst for the solid phase green synthesis of amide derivatives of substituted carboxylic acid with urea in
excellent yields under microwave irradiation conditions.
Present paper reveals the method of synthesis of some amide derivatives using CAN as catalyst and their
pharmaceutical application.
PP-129: Mechanistic studies of palladium (II) catalysed oxidation of allyl alcohol by N-
chloro succinimide in aqueous alkaline medium
Neeru Gupta
1*
and A. K. Singh
2
1
Gvernment P. G. College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
,
2
B. B. P.G. College, Jhansi, M. P., India
[email protected]
The title reaction is the frist order in [NCS] in the presence of Palladium (II) catalyst. The order in (allyl
alcohol) is less than unity whereas that in [Pd(II)] is unity. Increase in [OH-] accelerates the reaction rate while
added product, succinimide, retards the reaction rate. Increase in ionic strength and t-butanol content in reaction
medium have negligible effect. The mechanism involving the hypochlorate ion as the reactive species of the
oxidant has been proposed. The reaction constants of individual steps involved in the reaction mechanism have
been evaluated. Negligible effect of ionic strength and dielectrict constant on reaction rate might be due to
involvement of neutral substrate in the reaction. The activation energy calculated for Pd (II) catalysed reaction
explains the catalytic effect.
PP-130: Studies of micellization of ionic surfactants in the presence of monohydric
alcohols
Neelima Dubey
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Speed of sound and density measurements of aqueous solutions of anionic surfactant
sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide
(TTAB) with octan-1-ol, have been measured as a function of concentration of surfactants (0.05 and 0.10)
mol kg
-1
at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15)K. From these measurements, the apparent molar volume (v) and
isentropic compressibility (k
s
) of octan-1-ol have been computed. The standard partial molar volume (
o
v) has
been calculated for rationalizing various interactions in the studied solutions.
1
H and
13
C NMR chemical shift
measurements in micelle solutions containing heptan-1-ol and octan-1-ol have also been carried out in order to
interpret the preferential solubilization site of alcohol on the studied micellar systems. Further, FTIR studies
were also made for the studied surfactant alcohol systems. The thermodynamic investigations clearly indicate
the strong alcohol-aqueous surfactant interactions as concluded from the studied partial molar property. As
alcohol is added at constant surfactant concentration, a significant change in
o
v is observed. The site for
preferential solubilization of alcohol is close to the head group of micelle as interpreted from
1
H and
13
C NMR
studies. The chemical shifts of carbon atoms are associated with the effects of alcohol additives on micellization
of surfactant molecules which consist of hydrophobic contributions. From FTIR studies is it observed that small
increase in concentration of octan-1-ol show a change in O-H stretching but the peak value of C=C- remains
almost unaffected.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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123
PP-131: Eco-friendly microwave assisted synthesis and biological activity of new
substituted N-containing heterocyclic chalcone compounds
Neetu Tomer
*
, C. L. Jain and A. K. Singh
Department of Chemistry, M. M. H. College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Some new chalcone compounds having N-containing heterocyclic ring were prepared conveniently in a one pot
reaction with good yields, the desired product in less irradiation times as compared to the classical techniques.
One of the most convenient rapid and ecofriendly method is Microwasve synthesis. The use of Microwave
technology as a non polluting mode of activation accelerates the reaction and reduces the reaction time and
energy input compared to conventional heating method. This method in comparison to conventional method
offers high yields, eliminates the use of toxic organic solvents, and reduces multistep synthesis to one step,
reaction temperature and reaction time from several hours to few minutes which leads to the development of
clean and environmentally benign procedure. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting
points and their structures have been confirmed by suitable spectroscopic techniques such as Mass, IR, H
1
NMR.
All these compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains.
PP-132: Extraction and evaluation of Centratherum Anthelminticum seeds oil
Negi Aruna
1*
, Negi Singh
2
, Deepak
2
, Rasmi
1
and Gupta P. K.
1
1
Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The Centratherum anthelminticum seeds consist of volatile oil and are used as helminthiasis, analgesic,
antipyretics, anti-diabeties etc. The Centratherum anthelminticum seeds contain not less than 6% volatile oil.
The volatile oil can be adultrated with other oil in order to reduce the cost. But this affects the therapeutic
efficacy of oils. Present study is based on the extraction and evaluation of oil from Centratherum
anthelmintihincum seeds. Various parameters such as refractive index, optical rotation, specific gravity, alkali-
soluble matter were applied for evaluation of oil. After evaluation of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds oil, it
was found that the Centratherum anthelminticum seeds oil posses the good quality when it was compared with
standard value of various parameters mentioned in the official books. The oil was also evaluated by using thin
layer chromatography.
PP-133: Synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial studies on Manganese(II),
Copper(II), Nickel(II), and Cobalt(II) Complexes of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-pyridine-2-
aldimine
Netra Pal Singh
1*
Gaurav
2
and Jagvir Singh
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
2
Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Gangraur Chhitorgarh, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Novel metal complexes of the type [M(L)
2
] (where M= Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II); L= N-(2-
Hydroxyethyl)-pyridine-2-aldimine) have been synthesize and characterized by elemental analysis, molar
conductance, magnetic moments, FTIR,
1
H &
13
C NMR and UV-visible techniques. On the basis of spectral
studies, a octahedral geometry has been assigned for Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes. In vitro
antimicrobial activity of ligand and metal complexes were also studied against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Candida albicans and Candida
parapsilosis) which show antimicrobial activity of ligand and binuclear metal complexes. Metal complexes
show more activities against bacteria and fungi as compared to pure ligand.
PP-134: Role of Green Computing in health monitoring
Papender kumar, Deepak Dangwal
and Nidhi Puri
Department of Computer Science, GBPEC Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
124
Green Computingis an environmentally responsible use of computer. Green computing is a high performance
computing using, special purpose multiprocessorand high bandwidth interconnection network. Green computing
can be defined as the problem of reducing the overall carbon emission of computing and communication
infrastructure, by using energy-efficient design and operation. Hence there is a need to balance the dramatic
growth of high performance computing cluster. Technical issues in high-performance green computing span the
spectrum from green infrastructure to green hardware (multi-core computing systems, energy-efficient server
design) to greenSoftwareand applications (parallelizing computational science algorithms to run on modern
energyefficientMulti-core clusters).Now in this paper, we have appliedrole of greencomputing inthe field of
health monitoring. The process of implementing and maintaining a structural health monitoring system consists
of operational evaluation, data processing, damage detection and life prediction of structure.
PP-135: Electrochemical determination of chemical warfare agent pyridostigmine
bromide by adsorptive stripping voltammetry and its quantitation in pharmaceutical
formulation
Rajeev Jain, Nimisha Jadon
*
and Keisham Radhapyari
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India
[email protected]
Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) used as chemical warfare agent, which is currently used for the treatment of
myasthenia gravis and has been applied as a prophylaxis against chemical nerve agents. Electro-analytical
behaviour of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) in BR buffers of pH range 2.410 at a hangingmercury drop
electrode has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse cathodicadsorptive stripping
voltammetry (DPCAdSV) and square-wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWCAdSV).
Voltammograms of the drug exhibited a single two-electron wave and it may be attributedto the reduction of
C=O centre. Based on the high adsorptive character of PB onto the mercuryelectrode, a validated direct square-
wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric and differentialpulse cathodic adsorptive stripping
voltammetric procedure has been developed for the determinationof drug in bulk form and pharmaceutical
formulations. The proposed SWCAdS and DPCAdSvoltammetricmethods allow quantitation over the range 100
ng mL
-1
72 g mL
-1
and 180 g mL
-1
with detection limit of 20.7 and 32.3 ng mL
-1
respectively. The
procedure was applied to the assay of the drug in tabletsform with mean percentage recoveries of 100.1% with
SWCAdSV and 99.99% with DPCAdSV. Precision and accuracy were also checked and were within the limits.
The peak current was linear with the drugconcentration and percentage recovery was found to be good.
PP-136: Going Green: Lower the environmental impact of computing
Nitin Arora
1*
, Satendra Kumar
2
, Vishal Gupta
3
and Jayveer Singh Farswan
4
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College,
Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
The computer industry impacts the environment during the manufacturing, delivery, operation and end-of-life of
its devices. Todays PCs are far more powerful than the earliest room-filling computers. They also use less
electricity. Arguably the first general-purpose computer, ENIAC drew roughly 150,000 watts of electricity. By
comparison, todays PCs consume about 110 watts. That seems small. But there was only one ENIAC - and
there are 850 million PCs in use today. 850 million PCs consume an immense amount of electricity. Most of it
is provided by burning fossil fuels. This process emits pollutants, sulfur, and carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. These emissions cause respiratory disease, smog, acid rain, and global climate change. From the
largest scalethe earthto the smallest scale of a classroom or an office, the environmental impact of todays
PC architecture is a huge and growing problem. Unfortunately, the impact is largely unaddressed and often
unrecognized. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or office
with PCs warms up very quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost always have to be air conditioned. Air
conditioners raise electricity costs and require large capital expenditures to buy, install, and maintain them.
Electronic waste is a large and growing problem throughout the world. Tens of millions of PCs are disposed of
in landfills and garbage dumps around the world contaminating the soil with toxic e-waste substances like
mercury and cadmium. In this paper we discussed major issues of Green Computing related to the use of
computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental impact, maximizing viability and ensuring
social duties. We also discussed what motivates organizations to go green, and what ITs role in that changes.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
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125
PP-137: Permanent Magnet Generators: The ideal solution for air pollution
Ojaswa Pratap Singh and Nitin Upadhyay
Amrapali Institute of Technology and Sciences, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Air pollution is proving to be one of the biggest ills facing humanity, with our environment being under severe
threat from its ubiquitous and ever burgeoning presence. Unfortunately, the primary contributors to air pollution
are the main drivers of development, namely economic activity, industrial growth, increasing energy
consumption, rapid urbanisation etc. Among these, one big villain is the fast increasing use of fossil-fuel
powered vehicles for transportation.
In this scenario, new technological developments provide a glimmer of hope for preventing and controlling air
pollution.We intend focusing onfossil fuel consuming vehicles and other equipment that cause a majority of air
pollution. Therefore,to control air pollution significantly we have to concentrate on cars and other heavy
vehicles. To this end, solar powered cars are available but suffer from a severe limitation, that is solar cars can
only work in the presence of sunshine. In this scenario, a strong contender for the ideal solution is the
Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) technology.
PMG is a mechanism to generate power from wind-energy using a combination of a turbine and alternator.Thus,
it is an alternative to solar power with the added advantage of being able to generate power at most times since
it can generate power at various speeds, irrespective of the time of the day. PMG can generate power at highas
well as at low wind-speed, without much compromise in the power generated by PMG. When the car-speed
becomes less than the turbines threshold speed, the car shifts to power stored in onboard batteries.Upon the
carspeedexceeding the threshold wind-speed, PMG starts providing driving power to the car and recommences
charging the onboard batteries.
PMG can further reduce air pollution by being putto other uses creatively. Apart from use in cars and other
vehicles, fossil fuel is also consumed in generators in many places.These generators can be easily replaced with
PMG or solar power generators, thus further contributing to reduction in air pollution.Similarly, small PMGs,
placed in exhaust fans, can generate power.
PP-138: Quantitative separations of toxic heavy metal ions by using an ion exchange
material
Mu.Naushad
1*
and Pallavi Jain
2
1
Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University,
Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2
Chemistry Department, SRM University, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
A new crystalline organic-inorganic composite cation exchanger polyaniline Sn(IV) molybdate was developed
by mixing polyaniline into the inorganic precipitate of Sn(IV) molybdate. This material was characterized by
using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), simultaneous thermogravimetrydifferential
thermogravimetry (TGA-DTA), X-ray, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis studies.
Ion-exchange capacity, effect of calcinations (100-500C) on ion exchange capacity, pH-titrations, elution and
distribution behavior was also carried on this material. On the basis of distribution studies, the material was
found to be highly selective for Pb
2+
ion and its selectivity was tested by achieving some important binary and
ternary separations. Thermodynamic parameters viz- entropy change (S), enthalpy change (H) and Gibbs
free energy change (G) were also calculated.
PP-139: Enlightining the antioxidant usefulness of vitamin C
Nitish Kumar
*
, Lalit Kumar Uttam, Ankit Saini, Ankit Kumar, Pranav Gupta, and Brijesh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukul Kangri University,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. Most mammals and other animals dont
have the ability to make their own vitamin.Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, an important
structural component of blood vessels.Vitamin C is an electron donor, and this propertyaccounts for all its
known functions.Vitamin C is the bodys most important antioxidant (a chemical that prevented the
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
126
consumption of oxygen) and forms the front line defense against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. The
antioxidant function of Vitamin C includes scavenging oxygen free radicals which can cause cellular damage.
Ascorbic acid is a potent water soluble antioxidant capable of scavenging/ neutralizing an array of reactive
oxygen species viz., hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, etc at very low concentrations. High intakes of vitamin C have
been linked with a reduction in certain cancers (especially gastric) , cataract and an effective anti-aging nutrient
mainly because of its antioxidant activities.Excessive free radical damage, which is partly responsible for the
aging process, builds up over time. Without the action of antioxidants, excessive free radicals cause irreversible
damage to your cells, accelerating the aging process and increasing the risk of chronic diseases and tissue
degeneration.According to the 20012002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),
mean intakes of vitamin C are 105.2 mg/day for adult males and 83.6 mg/day for adult females, meeting the
currently established recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) .Though ascorbic acid was discovered in 17th
century, the exact role of this vitamin in human biology and health is still a mystery in view of many beneficial
claims and controversies.
PP-140: A novel ionic liquid mediated synthesis of 4(1H)-quinolones, 5H-thiazolo[3,2-
a]pyrimidin-5-one and 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b] benzothiazol-4-ones
Ashok K. Yadav
*
, Pankaj Dhakad and Tripti Yadav
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
A new, convenient, environmentally benign two-step synthesis of 4(1H)-quinolones, 5H-thiazolo [3,2-
a]pyrimidin-5-one and 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b] benzothiazol-4-ones have been developed by first condensing
substituted arylamine/2-aminothiazole/2-aminobenzenethiazole with Meldrum's acid and trimethylorthoformate
in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide at moderate temperature to afford 5-{(substituted aryl/4-
methylthiazolyl/substituted benzothiazolyl)methylene}-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione. The resulting
compounds upon cyclization in 1-butyl-3-methyl tetrafluoroborate/triflate at moderate temperature gave the title
compounds in excellent yields.
PP-141: Synthesis of Hydroxysodalite from fly ash
Panmei Gaijon and Monika Datta
*
Department of Chemistry University of Delhi, Delhi, India
[email protected]
Production of fly ash has been increasing rapidly for the past 10 years from the coal based thermal power plant.
With the increase in demand for electricity the production of fly ash increases. Therefore, there is need to
develop methodology for the large scale utility of this waste.
Framework aluminosilicates have been synthesized from fly ash using open hydrothermal process. As silica and
alumina are the main constituents of fly ash less amount of heavy metal oxides in it. Fly ash was treated with
alkali solution at mild temperature. The synthesized products were characterized with XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM
and BET techniques.
PP-142: The comparative energy consideration of the atomic term symbols of f
4
& f
10
(m
+3
ion) configuration
P. L. Meena
*
, P. K. Jain, N. Kumar and K. S. Meena
P.G.Department of Chemistry, M. L. V. Govt. P. G.College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The term is a particular energy state and term symbol is a label to energy state .The importance of these term
symbols has been emphasized in connection with the spectral and magnetic properties of complexes, metal free
ions and also provide information about the energy of atomic electrons in orbitals and Total spin, Total orbital,
grand total momenta of whole atom and electronic configuration. Ressel-saunders (L-S) coupling and j-j
coupling schemes are important schemes for determination of terms and term symbols of the atoms and ions of
inner transition elements in which electrons are filled in a f sub-shell with azimuthal quantum number 3. The
determination of terms and term symbols for f
n
configuration is very difficult work since there are seven
orbitals in f-sub shell which give large number of microstates. In this proposed work computation is done for
calculating all possible terms and term symbols regarding for f
4
& f
10
configurations without any long tabulation
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
127
with mental exercise and a comparative study was carried out between the f
4
& f
10
terms and term symbols. The
possible microstates and spectroscopic terms calculated for f
4
& f
10
configuration (ions M
+3
) are 1001and 47.
These terms are quintets (5), triplets (9) and singlets (9).The ground state term for f
4
& f
10
is
5
I
PP-143: Benzophenone and methylene blue sensitized photo oxygenation of quinine: A
comparative study of photo oxygenation of quinine by singlet and ground state oxygen
Rekha Nagwanshi
1
, Manmohan Lal Satnami
2
, Pathanarif Ali Khan
3
and Shubha Jain
4*
1
Govt. Madhav Science College UJJAIN, Vikram University, Ujjain, M. P., India
2
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. RavishankarShukla University, Raipur, C. G., India
3
Post graduate and Research Centre, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India
4
School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain, M. P., India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Photochemistry is the study of chemical effects produced by light radiation ranging from 200-800 nm
wavelength. Quinine is an important alkaloid widely being used as an antimalarial and antipyretic agent.
Benzophenone and methylene blue sensitized photooxygenation of quinine by uv light in presence of air gave
different products. With benzophenone where oxygen is in the ground state it gave product 3 and with
methylene blue where oxygen is in the excited state, it gave product 4.
The photolysis of quinine was carried out by dissolving 2 gm substrate in 200 ml of dried and distilled alcohol.
The solution was then irradiated by low pressure mercury vapour lamp in an immersion well photo reactor using
sensitizer. Oxygen required for the photo oxygenation was passed through the solution using an aerator. The
progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC in benzene. After completion of the reaction as indicated by
TLC, the products were isolated, purified and then characterized by elemental and spectral analysis (IR,
1
H
NMR,
13
C NMR, Mass). Quinine gave a hydroperoxide with benzophenone which then loses water to give a
ketone while an endoperoxide was obtained with methylene blue sensitizer.
PP-144: A new flavone from Erythrinasuberosa, its biological screening
Pathan Mohd Arif Khan
1*
, Rasheeth Ahmed Khan
2
, Bhagwan Singh Dobhal
3
, Mazahar Farooqui
4
and Ahmed Zaheer
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad college, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
2
Post Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, The New College, Chennai, T. N., India
3
Department of chemistry, Barwale College, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
4
Department of chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria college for women, Navkhanda Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
[email protected]
New flavone (Z)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(isopentyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-(2-methylpent-1-
en-1-yl)chromenylium chloridehas been isolated and screened for its antibacterial and anti-fungal activity from
the flower extract of Erythrinasuberosa. Compound is isolated using column and identified using spectroscopic
techniques mass, HNMR, IR and UV. Compound is found to be more active against E Coli which a gram
negative organism having a zone diameter of 1 cm.
PP-145: Effect of thickness on the optical and electrical properties of Cd
x
Zn
1-x
S vacuum
evaporated thin films
Pawan Kumar
1
, Aravind Kumar
2
and T. P. Sharma
3
1
Department of Physics Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Physics Kalindi College, Delhi university, Delhi, India
3
Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The Binary II-VI groups semiconductor have shown a considerable technological promise for a wide variety of
applications in solid State devices such as Infra-red detector, photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, nuclear
radiation detectors and window for IR laser etc. We have prepared vacuumed CdZnS films deposited by the
vacuum evaporation technique onto highly cleaned glass substrates under the vacuum of the order of 10
-5
torr.
The optical and electrical properties of these films have been studied. The band gap of these films is studied by
absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 400-650nm.The films have a direct band gap, which varies
from3.50ev for Zinc Sulphide to 2.44ev for Cadmium Sulphide.The electrical properties of CdZnS especially
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
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128
dark conductivity and photoconductivity at different temperatures have also been measured using a
programmable digital electrometer.
PP-146: Ecological importance of the forest stands in sub-Himalyan tracks of Garhwal
Himalaya
Peeush Singhal
2
, Ritu Singhal
1*
, Kapil K. Goel
2
and Ashwani K. Jangra
2
1
Department of Biotechnology, Modern Institute of Technology, Dhalwala, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
[email protected]
To describe the ecological importance of species, community structure and families within study area, the
present study was conducted in tracks of shiwalik Himalayan region of the Garhwal Himalaya. Having done the
experimental approaches for studying forest stands, various analytic characters were determined and calculated.
Species belong to Ulmaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Rosaceae, Combertaceae and Euphorbiaceae were most
dominant, contributed primarily to the oristic composition of the canopy cover & many of their species were
emergent into large canopy trees that accounted for much of the basal area recorded in the study area. The main
vegetation type is a dry & wet deciduous forest described as rich in gregarious Holoptelea, Shorea & Mallotus
spp. Re-growth and secondary forests are present in the lowlands, and very small areas of sub-montane forest
are found on various summits of the different ridges. A few degraded forests occur locally in some of the most
accessible areas.
PP-147: Simultaneous determination of manganese and iron in industrial wastes:
Voltammetric and environmental studies
P. Sharma, K. Jodha
*
and Md. Raees
Electroanalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
It is rather difficult to determine ferric iron in presence of manganese due to more positive reduction potential of
Fe
+3
ion (E= +0.77 V vs NH
3
). Therefore a complexing medium of 0.1M triethanolamine in 0.1M Sodium
hydroxide was used in present studies so as to that potential of complexed ferric ion may be measured alongwith
manganese (Eps : Fe
3+,
-1.07; Mn
2+
, -0.55V vs SCE).
It has enabled in development of a voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of iron and manganese
in industrial waste samples with a detection limit of 0.03g/ml.
The presence of iron and manganese in waste waters might be due to set-up of a large number of metal
industries in Jodhpur which might affect water quality parameters of this region in near future.
PP-148: Voltammetric trace determination of periodate in environmental samples
P. Sharma, K. Songara
*
and R. Bais
Electroanalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur, India
[email protected]
A simple, rapid and sensitive differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method for determination of low
concentration periodate in waste water samples is presented. It is based on the polarographic reduction of
periodate ion in sodium hypochlorite medium. A linearity between 0.02g/ml and 26g/ml of periodate
concentration was obtained with a correlation of coefficient of 0.99. Even compared to other conventional
methods of periodate determination; this method is more specific and suitable due to simple sample preparation,
no interference from major ions and low cost of instrumentation. The developed DPP procedure will be useful in
water quality assessment and control laboratories where a continuous monitoring of oxyanions is mandatory.
PP-149: Purification and Characterization of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases from
Arachis hypogaea
Mukesh Chand
Department of Chemistry D. A. V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected], [email protected]
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
129
An intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase was purified to homogeneity from the Arachis hypogaea L. plant
with 104purification fold and % yield. The molecular mass and iso-electric point of the purified phosphatase
enzyme were about 23.5kDa and 7.9 respectively. The optimum pH, temperature and time were about7.5, 30C
and 30-50 minute when using O-phospho-L-tyrosine as substrate. The protein displayed high stability in a pH
6.0-8.5 at 30C and remarkably thermostable at 50C. The purified PTPase enzyme showed high activity on O-
phospho-L-tyrosine, a specific substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase. Although one peptide of the purified
PTPase shared identity with Oxalate oxidase of Arachis hypogaea, its substrate specificity and inhibitor
sensitivity indicate that the purified enzyme is a protein tyrosine phosphatase.
PP-150: Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced low density polyethylene
nanocomposites for suppression of electromagnetic radiation
Prabha Singh
1
, Trilok Kumar Pathak
2
, L. P.Purohit
2
and R. P. Chauhan
1
1
NIT, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Physics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
1
Department of Physics, NIT, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were
prepared by solvent casting followed by compression molding technique. Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
shielding effectiveness (SE) of these composites was investigated in the frequency range of 12.418 GHz (Ku-
band). The experimental results indicate that the EMI-SE of these composites is sensitive to the MWCNT
loading. The average value of EMI-SE reaches 22.4 dB for 10 wt% MWCNT-LDPE composites, indicating the
usefulness of this material for EMI shielding in the Ku-band. The main reason for improved SE has been
attributed to significant improvement in the electrical conductivity of the composites by 20 orders of magnitude,
i.e., from 10-20 for pure LDPE to 0.63 S/cm for MWCNT-LDPE, which is three order of magnitude higher than
the previous reports for MWCNT-LDPE composites. Differential scanning calorimeter of the MWCNTLDPE
composites showed around 37% improvement in the crystalline contents over pure LDPE samples which
resulted into enhanced thermal stability of the composites. The thermal decomposition temperature of LDPE is
shifted by 40
o
C on addition of 5 wt% MWCNT. The studies therefore show that these composite can be used as
light weight, thermally stable EMI shielding, and antistatic material.
PP-151: Microgram determination of o-toluidine in acetone water medium - A new
method
Prabha Singh
1
, Tarun Kumar
2
and Payal Rathi
3
1
Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India
2
Tulas Institute of Engineering & Management, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Uttaranchal College of Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-toluidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to
catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the
absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and
spectroscopic studies, is methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic
strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of o-
toluidine in the range 21. 43 492.94 g/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendells
sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been
evaluated. An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied.
Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.
PP-152: Feasibility studies of biogas production from Jatropha de-oiled cake with a
modified floating dome anaerobic digester
A. K. Sharma
*
, R. Mahajan and P. K. Sahoo,
University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected],[email protected]
In recent years, jatropha based biodiesel, a clean and renewable form of energy, has attracted considerable
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
130
attention as a promising approach to substitute the conventional sources of energy and decentralized rural
development in India. The method of utilization of jatropha seeds consumes only extracted vegetable oil for
biodiesel production and renders a huge amount of de-oiled cake as a by-product which neither can be used for
animal feeding nor can be used directly in agricultural farming due to its toxic nature. The present investigation
is a part of the project titled Establishment of jatropha de-oiled cake based biogas plant, sponsored by
Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology (UCOST). In the present studies, focus has been given on
detail analysis and utilization of jatropha seed cake for biogas production and remaining sludge as organic
manure. The experiment was conducted on a modified floating dome type digester of capacity 6 m
3
/day for 60
days. 50% of cattle dung and 50 % of jatropha de-oiled cake was mixed and fed daily for 60 days. The dilution
ratio of the mixer with water was varied from 1: 3 to 1:4. The rate of biogas production was recorded two times
a day at an interval of 12 hours by measuring the lift height of the drum.
It was observed from analysis of jatropha de-oiled cake that 58.13%, 6.27%, 8.71%, 12%, 92.5%, 93.55% and
6.45% of crude proteins, crude fiber, neutral fiber, oil content, solids, volatile solid and non-volatile solids were
present in the biomass respectively. During ultimate analysis of jatropha de-oiled cake it was found that carbon,
nitrogen and hydrogen content of the de-oiled cake were 44.51%, 3.69% and 6.90% respectively, which was
generally higher than that of cattle dung used for base line data. It was also observed that mixture of 30 kg cow
dung and 30 kg jatropha de-oiled cake with 1:4 dilution ratio of water is able to produce biogas about 6 m
3
per
day at 30
o
C at optimum condition. Biogas produced from the mixer of 50% cattle dung and 50% jatropha de-
oiled cake contains 60-65% and 30-40% of methane and carbon dioxide which was higher than the pure cattle
dung based biogas. The sludge remaining after anaerobic digestion was analyzed as organic manure which had
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of 1.81%, 1.37% and 1.42% respectively.
PP-153: comparative study of copolymers of lactic acid based cured films on fungal
degradation
R. K. Soni and Prachi Agarwal
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Polyesters have recently become materials of considerable interest because of their potential biodegradability.
There are two kinds of polyesters: aliphatic and aromatic and their biodegradability is completely different.
Direct microbial or enzymatic attack of pure aromatic polyesters is not significant and quite insensitive to
hydrolytic degradation while aliphatic polyesters are considered to be susceptible to microbial attack. In order to
solve the problem of aromatic polyester nondegradability, aliphaticaromatic copolyesters were made.
In the present work, polycondensation approach was attempted to produce medium molecular weight
copolymers (Copolymer1of lactic acid, terephthalic acid & ethylene glycol while Copolymer2 of lactic acid,
maleic anhydride & propylene glycol). Synthesized copolymers were characterized for various properties such
as acid value, hydroxyl value, number average molecular weight and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized
copolymers have been used for the development of films of different formulations and their fungal
biodegradation was studied using different fungal species such as Trichoderma lignorum & Aspergillus niger.
The extent of biodegradation was examined by weight loss and scanning electron microscopy. The T. lignorum
degraded both the copolymers i.e. 1&2 to a greater extent and maximum weight loss is observed in film
degradation.
PP-154: Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents in extracts
of Valeriana jatamansi exposed to variable light
Pradeep Babu
1*
, Satish K. Verma
2
and Abhishek Mathur
3
1
Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Sai Institute of Paramedical & Allied Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, DBGI, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
In the present study, polar and non polar solvent extracts of roots of Valeriana jatamansi were prepared by
exposing each of the extracts in different conditions of variable light viz. sunlight, UV light and dark. The study
was carried out to reveal the potent extracting solvent and the active constituents in the extracts. The results
confirmed that the ethanol is the best solvent for extraction of phytoconstituents and determination of
antimicrobial activity in dark/cold conditions. In the present study the results emphasized that the extracts
exposed in dark/cold during preparation showed potent antimicrobial activity in comparison to the extracts
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
131
exposed in UV and sunlight. It was observed that ethanolic and chloroform extracts prepared in dark were
having presence of most of the phytoconstituents which were not found in their respective extracts exposed to
variable light. These results thus interpret that dark conditions are much more beneficial for the positive
screening of phytoconstituents. There might be some loss in phytoconstituents exposed to UV and sunlight.
PP-155: Efficient protocols to the hetero annulation of 5-oxadiazolyl substituted
privileged Template of 1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-thione with medicinally potent thiazolidine
nucleus
Pragati Devi
*
, Aarti and Dharma Kishore
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The search for novel compound libraries with potential biological activities is a major focus in research in the
field of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Libraries developed based on small molecules of privileged
structures have been of special interest in the discovery of novel medicinally potent agents. Due to the wide
range of biological activities displayed by the privileged nucleus of 1, 4- benzodiazepines, this system has
drawn considerable attention of chemists in the discovery of novel agents from this nucleus. The advent of anti-
HIV activity in the imidazolo and pyridino annulated analogue of 1, 4- benzodiazepine and pyrido diazepine
(TIBO, Nevirapine etc.) and anti-cancer activity in the antibiotics derived from pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 4]-
benzodiazepine nucleus has been hailed as a major step forward in the battle against HIV and cancer
respectively. This provided an optimism to us, for the discovery of novel agents from the other tricyclic and
tetracyclic heteroring annulated analogues of 1, 4-benzodiazepines. We report in this communication, efficient
protocols to the rapid access of face a thiazolidino annulated analogues of 1, 4- benzodiazepine containing an
oxadiazole nucleus at 5-position in its molecule. An examination of the structure of 5-oxadiazolo substituted 1,
4- benzodiazepine-2-one (5) revealed that the C
2
carbonyl function (which existed as a part of the NH-C=O
group) was the only site in its seven membered ring of this nucleus which provided scope for its
functionalization and its subsequent elaboration to produce structural analogues of medicinal utility. We
envisioned that presence of an azomethine function containing the SH group on its 2-position should have the
potential to undergo reaction with a variety of bidentate reactants to furnish its face a annulated analogues of
medicinal interest. Application of this strategy on 6 with (i) ethyl chloroacetate (ii) chloroacetone (iii) 2-
chlorocyclohexanone and (iv) N-benzyl-2-bromo-4-piperidone afforded the face a thiazolidino annulated
analogues 7, 8, 9 and 10 respectively. The key intermediate (6) was obtained from 1 on the application of
established literature protocols on it, in succession, to first form the 7-fluoro-1, 4-benzodiazepin-5-methyl
carboxylate (2) from 7-fluoro-1-chloroacetylisatin and methanolic hexamine. Its ester group on reaction with
hydrazine hydrate afforded the acid hydrazide (3) whose reaction with CS
2
+KOH followed by treatment with
HCl yielded the corresponding oxadiazole derivative (4). Compound 4 reacted smoothly with N, N-
dimethylamino-2-ethylchloride in appending this motif on to the SH group of oxadiazole ring to give 5.
Compound 6 had resulted from 5 on allowing it to react with Lawessons reagent. The products were tested for
purity by tlc and characterized by microanalysis, IR,
1
HNMR and MS data.
PP-156: Studies on the concentration of air pollutants and their impact on biochemical
parameters of selected plant species around the city of Hardwar, uttarakhand, India
P. C. Joshi and Mahadev Semwal
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand,
India
[email protected], [email protected]
Monthly analysis of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), suspended particulate matter (SPM),
Sulphur dioxide (SO
2
) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
) was carried out at two selected sites viz. a polluted site with
high vehicular density and a control site located within district Haridwar. Further studies on the impact of these
pollutants on biochemical parameters of two selected plant species, Eucalyptus citridora and Holoptelea
integrifolia were also carried out. The higher level of these air pollutants in the ambient air was mainly due to
higher concentration of vehicles at polluted site. The concentration of SPM and RSM, when compared with the
previous studies was found higher by 23.68 and 33.0 % respectively; similarly the concentration of SO
2
and
NO
2
has increased by 65.67 and 68.84% respectively. A decrease in the concentration of Chlorophyll a, b, total
chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and caratenoids was recorded in the leaf samples collected from polluted site thus
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
132
impacting the loss of total productivity of the plant species. These results are based on continuous monitoring of
air pollutants since 2003 to till date.
PP-157: Counterfeit (Fake) drugs & new technology to identify it in India
Kuldeep Singhal
*
, Pranav Gupta
and Ashish Pandey
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
A counterfeit medicine is one which is deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity or
source. Counterfeiting apply to both branded and generic product which include products with the wrong
ingredients, without active ingredients, with insufficient active ingredients. According to WHO, 25% of
medicines consumed in poor countries could be counterfeit or below standard.An estimate suggests that these
drugs are a $200 billion industry worldwide. India could be an easy target for counterfeits, as the manufacturing
costs is 40% cheaper here as compared to other countries. Deputy drug controller general of India says,
counterfeit medicines often resemble the originals in chemical composition, but he thinks the biggest problem is
in the packaging. A committee set up by the Indian Ministry of Health has approved a proposal to put 2D bar
codes and scratch-off labels on medicines. The user scratches off the cover and tests what is underneath to a free
phone number, to find out if a pill is real. Quick Response (QR) codes are also being tested. These printed
squares are an advanced version of the 2D bar codes. Anyone with a camera-enabled phone and web access can
scan the code and be taken instantly to the pharmacy company website to authenticate the drug. Hewlett-
Packard is one of the company offering a solution, a cloud based platform called Global Authentication Service.
This 2D bar code lets pharma companies track drugs through the supply chain. From 1October 2011, it will be
mandatory for all pharma exporters to print bar codes on their tertiary or outer most packaging.
PP-158: Research focused towards exploring the possibility of finding a substitute to
HAART in anti-HIV chemotherapy
Pratima Sharma, Manju Rani, Navjeet Kaur, Aastha Pareek and Dharma Kishore
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
The advent of the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimens comprising of three or four US-FDA
approved anti-retroviral drugs in a cocktail for the treatment of AIDS has been highly encouraging as it suppressed
the viral load in patients, but rapidly emerging multidrug resistant HIV-1 viral strains and severe adverse effect from
long term HAART medication has necessitated this therapy to be supplanted by additional newer agent to combat
this disease. Highly encouraged by the treatment option which the HAART has provided, we reasoned that an even
still better treatment option could possibly emerge by joining the two or more than two enzyme inhibitors , in a
single molecule, by resorting to such synthetic endeavors which allowed these to unite together to become the part of
the same molecule. The motivation to explore this treatment option derived its inspiration on this premise that their
presence in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to enhance the potency by
providing an additive effect on the overall bio-efficacy in he resulting molecules.
Inspired by the impressive anti-HIV profiles of benzo (pyrido) diazepines and FDA approved anti-HIV agent
etravirine, our aim has been to develop a substitute to HAART by synthesizing 1, 5-benzodiazepine molecules
which incorporated in them, the structural features of the vital fragments of etravirine. The synthesis in this direction
proceeded by using the privileged template of 1, 5-benzodiazepine as a building block and incorporating on to it, at
it 2-position the vital fragments of etravirine.
In order for our synthetic plan to succeed to give the above 2-subsituted 1, 5 benzodiazepine derivatives, we required
a good synthesis of 2-thiomethyl ether substituted analogue of face c cyclohexano annulated 1, 5- benzodiazepine.
An innovative protocol to the synthesis of this material emerged on exploring the potential of the ketene dithioacetal
derivative of cyclohexanone, on its reaction with o-phenylenediamine. Nucleophilic development of 2-
iminothiomethylether function with the vital fragments of etravirine such as p-aminobenzonitrile, 2, 6-dichloro-4-
amino pyrimidine, 6-(p-cyanophenylamino)-2-chloro-4-amino pyrimidine etc. afforded the corresponding 2-
substituted 1, 5-benzodiazepine analogues, in acceptable yields. The purity of the compounds was checked by TLC
and their structure were established on the basis of their spectral data. The impact of the substitution of the 1, 5-
benzodiazepine nucleus with the vital fragments of etraverine, on biological properties of the compounds are under
study.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
133
PP-159: Green clouds: A new framework for goodput enhancement of cloud computing
Ashish Negi, Priti Dimri and Praveen Tiwari
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected],,[email protected], [email protected]
Information Technology (IT) impacts repugnant on environment because of its large amount of vulnerable
emission of gases. Recent days, the research area of "Green Computing" and low power consumption
networking infrastructures is on new heights for both service/network providers and equipment
manufacturers. Considering the area of Green computing which becomes increasingly important in the
world with limited energy resources and an ever-rising demand for more computational power. In this
paper a new framework is presented that provides efficient green enhancements within a scalable Cloud
computing architecture. Using power-aware scheduling techniques, variable resource management and a
minimal virtual machine design, overall system efficiency will be vastly improved in Cloud Computing.
PP-160: Microwave-assisted synthesis of Coconut oil Rosin Based polymeric Surfactants
Pravin A. Dhakite
1
, B. B. Gogte
2
and B. W. Phate
3
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engg. Technology and Research,
Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri Shankarprasad Agnihotri College of Engineering, Ramnagar, India
3
Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
[email protected]
The present work is aimed at studying the microwave synthesis of polymers based on coconut oil, rosin, and maleic
anhydride. Various mole ratios, reaction temperatures, microwave power and time of reaction will be studied. The
idea is to develop a polymer with higher acid value and with good surfactant characteristics. It is also plan to
compare the result of conventional synthesis in glass reactor with microwave synthesis. This comparison will indicate
the exact benefit of microwave synthesis as against the conventional method in terms of quality as well as the
physico-chemical characteristics of the products. Various polymers prepared under different parameter will be
thoroughly analyzed for Acid Value, Viscosity, HLB Ratio, Density, pH, IR Spectroscopy, NMR and Colour
characteristics. The sample with desired HLB ratio viscosity and color will be selected and its properties will be
compared with the conventionally synthesized polymer. The polymer by conventional method will also be prepared
using conventional modes.
This experiment will help us to identify those formulations which are comparable and better than polymer prepared
by conventional method. As the process requires less time and less amount of raw material one can study various
batches of varying parameters to yield a product best in all concern. The overall concept is to promote green chemistry
for synthesis and utilization of polymer making environment free from pollution to some extent.
PP-161: Comparative study of diclofenac sodium microspheres prepared by different
methods
Khulbe Preeti
1*
and Negi Deepak
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University
Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
The aim of this study is to compare the release of diclofenac sodium from controlled release microspheres
prepared by different methods and different polymers. The different methods used are solvent evaporation
method, multiple emulsion method, cross linking method and emulsion polymerization method by using ethyl
cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, glutaraldehyde, chitosan, sodium alginate and albumin polymers. The
prepared microspheres were evaluated on the bases of drug loading, entrapment efficiency and drug release. The
results of microspheres prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation, multiple emulsion method, cross linking
method and emulsion polymerization method were the maximum drug loading was 13.33%,15.45%, 20% and
10.72%, the maximum entrapment efficiency was 72%, 51%, 83% and 67% and the maximum drug release after
10 hrs was 80%, 96.32%, 69% and 98.7% respectively. So on the basis of these results it was concluded that for
the preparation of diclofenac sodium microspheres cross linking method using glutaraldehyde and chitosan
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
134
polymers, is the best method because it shows good drug loading , entrapment efficiency and controlled drug
release.
PP-162: Livestock, soil compaction and water infiltration rate as influenced by grazing
pressure in the temperate grassland of Kumaun Himalaya
Prem Prakash
Department Of Botany, Govt. P. G. College, Dwarahat, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The effect of grazing pressure on productivity, bulk density and infiltration rate was studied on a natural pasture
during 2009 in the temperate grasslands of Almora district. The influences of continuous, rotation and no
grazing systems on soil compaction and water infiltration were assessed. The grazing regimes were: light
grazing stocked at 0.6 animal-unit-months (AUM)/ha; heavy grazing stocked at 3.0 AUM/ha and a control with
no grazing. Heavy to very heavy grazing pressure significantly reduced biomass amounts, ground vegetative
cover, increased surface runoff and soil loss, and reduced infiltrability of the soil. Long-term grazing increased
compaction of soils but only in the top 0 to 10 cm. Bulk density measurements showed that both moderate and
heavy stocking densities had a significant impact. Reduction in infiltration rates was greater on soils which had
been ploughed and exposed to very heavy trampling. It was observed that, for the same % vegetative cover,
more soil loss occurred from plots on steep than gentle slopes, and that gentle slopes could withstand more
grazing pressure without seriously affecting the ground biomass regeneration compared to steeper slopes. The
average water infiltration was significantly less in the fall than in the spring for the heavy stocking rate but
showed no seasonal effect for the moderate stocking rate. Thus, there is a need for developing 'slope-specific'
grazing management schedules particularly in the highland ecozones rather than making blanket
recommendations for all slopes. More research is needed to quantify annual biophysical changes, in order to
assess cumulative long-term effects of grazing and trampling on vegetation, soil, and hydrology of grazing
lands. Modeling such effects is essential for land use planning in these fragile temperate grasslands.
PP-163: 28-norlup-20(29)-ene-17b-yl acrylic acid Analogues as Cancer Chemo-
preventive Agents
Prince Prashant
2*
, R. K. Roy
1
,
Vipin K. Sharma
2
and A. Chaudhary
1
1
Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, U.P., India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Betulin and betulinic acid are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes showing cytotoxicity towards a number
of cancer cell lines. We have modified structures of betulin by simple transformation to betulinal and introduced
acrylic group at C-28 position. This allowed us to achieve newer analogues which were further were
characterized by using FT-IR,
1
H-NMR analytical techniques. Among all the derivatives only few compounds
were selected and evaluated for anticancer activity using ATT assay.
R
O
PP-164: Seasonal Dynamics in soil microbial biomass carbon and available nutrients in
a subtropical forest ecosystem, Uttarakhand, India
Namita Joshi and Priya Chaudhary
*
Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Soils are the substrate where living organisms interact with non living materials, the decomposition and
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
135
mineralization processes by microorganisms and bacteria take place and other cycles of elements develop
between soil and atmosphere. Soil microbial biomass contains important labile pools of C and mineral nutrients
which are liberated after the death of microorganisms. Seasons influence microbial numbers and mass either
directly by inducing microbial responses to soil changes or indirectly by influencing plant metabolism. The soil
microbial biomass carbon was estimated in two regions of subtropical forest ecosystem, Uttarakhand, India to
assess the influence of other soil variables and difference in forest regions on the seasonal variation in soil
microbial biomass. Soil physico-chemical characteristics also have a great impact on microbial biomass and
microbial activity and can be used to measure soil quality. Viable microorganisms, soil respiration, available N,
Ca, Mg, Na, K and P contents were determined in soil samples collected in summer (May-August) and winter
(December-March). A significant seasonal effect on the microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity and
available nutrients was detected in the soils studied.
PP-165: Application of 2-carboxylic acid ester substituted Enolic Thioethers as versatile
intermediates in the synthesis of fused Heterocyclic Systems
Priyanka Chaudhary, Aarti, Pragati Devi and Dharma Kishore
*
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Ubiquity of 1,5-benzazepines (1,5-benzodiazepines, 1,5-benzothiazepines, 1,5-benzoxapines) and pyrimidine
class of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds in the chemical literature is undoubtedly a consequence of
multifarious biological response which they elicit in combating a variety of body ailments. Recent
demonstration that their derivatives (for example dipyridodiazepine derivative Nevirapine and pyrimidine
derivative Etravirine) can be used in the treatment and control of AIDS has stimulated further interest in these
nuclei from yet another perspective. Greatly encouraged by the bioactive profiles of these heterocyclic scaffolds
we intended to develop the potential bioactive molecules from these which incorporated into them the structural
features of 1,5-benzazepines and pyrimidines in a single molecular framework , on this premise that their
presence in tandem in the same molecule could contribute significantly to the biological activity in the resulting
material by providing an additive effect on the overall potency in the molecules.
Herein, in this communication, we report the preliminary results of our study which was carried out as a part of
an ongoing endeavour to create small novel molecules derived from the above privileged heterocyclic
scaffolds with anticipated biological activities, from easily accessible starting materials. An expedient protocol
to the synthesis of the projected molecules 9,10,11,12, 13, 14 and 15 emerged on exploring the potential of the
2-carboxylic acid ester substituted enolic thioether intermediates derived from the corresponding 1,5-
benzodiazepines nucleus (1),(scheme-1). It is known that enolic thioether group and the alkoxy group of an
ester are highly activated for the nucleophilic attack. This feature of 1 was very elegantly exploited in the
present work in the nucleophilic displacement of these with such bidentate nucleophiles as urea (2), thiourea
(3), guanidine (4), acetamidine (5) (to give the face b fused pyrimidine analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines
9,10,11 and 12) and with o-phenylenediamine (6), o-aminothiophenol (7) and o-aminophenol (8) (to give the
face b 1,5-benzodiazepine, 1,5-benzothiazepine, 1,5-benzoxapine analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines 13,14 and
15) respectively in good yield. Compound 1 which formed a key intermediate in this synthesis was in turn
prepared from the reaction of oxoketene dithioacetal derived from diethyl malonate, with o-phenylenediamine.
PP-166: Synthesis & Characterization of nano-porous copolymeric hydrogel for insulin
delivery
Yougesh Kumar
*
and Priyanka Tyagi
Department of Zoology, D. A. V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
[email protected]
Free radical polymerization technique was used to prepare nano-porous poly (HEMA-co-EGDMA) copolymeric
hydrogels using 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) as monomer, different concentration of ethylene glycol
dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. Characterization of the synthesized nano-porous copolymeric
hydrogel was carried out using standard techniques like FTIR, DSC, AFM, swelling studies etc. FTIR spectrum
of hydrogels showed the absorption bands associated with -C=O stretching at 1714 cm
-1
, C-O-C stretching
vibration at 1152 cm
-1
and a broad band at 3500-3800 cm
-1
corresponding to OH stretching independent of
EGDMA & water concentration used in polymerization mixture. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that
hydrogels containing 67 % of water having the uneven pore distribution in the range of 3500-9000 nm, while
hydrogel containing 7% of water did not showed measurable pores. In-vitro insulin release studies suggest that
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
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136
hydrogel with 27% of water had sustained release upto 120 minutes, while hydrogel with 47 & 67% water
showed that nearly all the insulin released within 60 minutes. Animal studies suggest that hydrogel devices
synthesized using 27% of water and filled with insulin (120 I.U.) were able to control the blood glucose level
upto 3
rd
day of implantation.
PP-167: An ammended analogue of delavirdine explored for its use in anti-HIV
chemotherapy
Rachna Mishra
*
and Dharma Kishore
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali-University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Clinical evidence has demonstrated a limited long- term efficacy of the FDA approved anti-HIV agent
delavirdine even in the combinations therapy [Highly active anti-retroviral therapy HAART which comprises
of three/four FDA approved anti-HIV drugs in combination], due to the emergence of drug resistant mutant of
the virus. To circumvent this therapeutic difficulty a search for novel delavirdine analogues with enhanced
activity/metabolic stability was pursued. One can discern the presence of two bioactive pharmacophores viz; the
indole and the pyridine nucleus, as well as one sulphonamide group in the molecule of delavirdine. On this basis
one can reason that the problem associated with the emergence of the viral strains resistant to delavirdine could
possibly be circumvented by replacing this nucleus by such medicinally potent heterocyclic scaffolds which
have the proven record of bioactivity profile in the literature. One such nucleus is pyrimidine which has been
known to belong to a class of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds whose numerous derivatives have been identified
for their selective activities against a diverse array of biological targets. This provided an impetus to us to
replace the pyridine scaffold of delavirdine with the pyrimidine nucleus by resorting to an innovative technique
for its incorporation using a synthetically acceptable protocol.
N
H
O
O
N
O
O
R
N
O
R
EtOOC
CH3
O
N
O
R
EtOOC
O
SMe
SMe
N
O
R
EtOOC
O
SMe
N
N
CH3
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
O
CH3 R
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
S
CH3
R
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
CH3
CH3
R
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
NH2
CH3
R
Urea
Thiourea
Acetamidine
Guanidine
Scheme-1
1
2(a-d)
3(a-d)
4(a-d)
5(a-d)
6(a-d)
7(a-d)
8(a-d)
9(a-d)
N
N
N O
N N R
R=
a.
b.
c.
d.
N
O
C NH
N
N
N
O
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
N
O
C NH
N
N
N
S
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
N
O
C
N
N
N
N
CH3
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
N
O
C
N
N
N
N
NH2
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
Sulphacetamide
Sulphacetamide
Sulphacetamide
Sulphacetamide
Aceto acetic
ester CS
2
,CH
3
I
NaOEt
NaOEt
10(a-d)
11(a-d)
12(a-d)
13(a-d)
N HN CH3
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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137
PP-168: Removal of Cadmium from the Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation
Technology
Pushpendra
1
, R. P. Singh
2
and S .N. Mishra
3
1
Department of Applied Sciences, AKGEC, Ghaziabad, U.P., India
2
Department of Physics, Dayanand PG College, Haryana,
3
SCRIE & T., CCS University Meerut, U. P., India
[email protected]
Phytoremediation is an environment friendly and green technology in which plants are used to clean up the
pollutants from their surrounding. Six plant species, namly Raya (Brassica juncea), Toria (B. compastris), Oat
(Avena sativa), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Bathua (Chenopodiun murale) and Rijhka (Medicago sativa) were
grown in two types of cadmium spiked soils (soil-1, sandy loam soil and soil-2, sewage water irrigated soil).
The pot study was conducted with five Cd levels, i. e, 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg Cd Kg
-1
soil. Root and shoot
biomass of all the six species was investigated in both soils. The increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in soil
results decreases in the yield of all the six species.
PP-169: Utility of national green tribunal act 2010 in Green Technology in India
Radheshyam Prasad
College of Legal Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Green Technology is that in which the technology is environmentally friendly and is created and used in a way
that conserves natural resources and environment- more emphasis in the field of energy, alternate sources of
energy, green building, environmentally preferred purchasing, green chemistry, green nanotechnology etc- India
is a party to the decisions taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at
Stockholm in June 1972, in which India participated, calling upon the states to take appropriate steps for
protection and improvement of the human environment- During the Rio De Janeiro summit of United Nations
Conference on environment and development in Jun 1992, India vowed the participating states to provide
judicial and administrative remedies for the victims of the pollutant and other environment damage- carbon
trading- Principle of polluter pays and sustainable development- concept of Absolute Liability- Bhopal MIC gas
tragedy case and MC Mehta v. Union of India AIR 1987 SC 1086- leakage of oleum gas in Delhi case - Object
of National Green Tribunal Act 2010 A special fast track court to handle effectively and expeditious disposal
of the cases pertaining to environmental issues - establishment of National Green Tribunal in New Delhi with
four zonal branches at Kolkata, Pune, Chennai and Bhopal- Jurisdiction, powers and proceedings of the
National Green tribunal-The Tribunal has jurisdiction over all civil cases where a substantial question relating to
environment( including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment), is involved and such question
arises out of the implementation of the enactment , settle such disputes and pass order thereon - Tribunal has
also appellate jurisdiction against the order or decision passed by the appellate authority of the
Water(Prevention and Control of pollution) Act 1974, the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, the Air(Prevention
and Control of pollution) Act 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 etc.- power to pay relief or
compensation in case of death, injury to any person or damage to any property or environment- Lavasa case-
The Bombay High court has desired to refer the Lavasa related issue to National Green Tribunal Thus the
National Green Tribunal Act 2010 shall be protector of environment and also encourage the Green technology.
PP-170: Innovative Method for utilizing solar PV energy extracted from the sun by
Dual mode operated single DC motor in series and separately excited
Rahat Ullah khan
1
and Huma Arjumand
2
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, MBU, Himachal Pradesh, India
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Ideal Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U.P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
In this paper we are presenting an innovative scheme with which we may be able to utilize the limited available
solar energy up to its maximum efficiency. We are utilizing maximum available solar energy for the purpose of
transportation. In view of this application, we focused on one of the method which is considered as innovative
method, in which we proposed the dual mode of operation of single D.C. motor and also at regenerative braking
mode as a generator too. In this technique it is proposed to run a DC series motor and converting it into D C
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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138
separately excited mode and vice versa during running. This scheme is supposed to be ideal for maximum
utilization of the limited available energy coming from sun for driving solar PV Cell based vehicles. The
implication, basic concepts and limitations of this scheme are discussed. Also the modes of operations including
analysis and operating conditions are also discussed. The simulation results are provided to validate the concept.
PP-171: Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of transition metal complexes of
thalidomide derived ligand
Rahisuddin
*
, P. S. Nayab and Manu
Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
[email protected]
Thalidomide (-(N-phthalimido)-glutarimide) has been extracted from marketed drug Thalix in methanol.
Because it is more effective in the treatment of various cancers, therefore, its 2-(1-(3-(2-(2-
aminoethylamino)ethylamino)propyl)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, ligand (L) was synthesized
using thalidomide, 1,3-diiodopropane and diethylenetriamine in the presence of solid sodium hydride. The
transition metal complexes of ligand (L) with Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) ions have also been synthesized.
The progress of the reactions for the synthesis of ligand and its metal complexes has been monitored by TLC.
These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment
measurements, infrared, UV-Vis. and
1
H NMR spectroscopy. Molar conductance measurement values showed
1:1 electrolytic nature of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic moment
measurement studies suggested square planar geometries of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal ions complexes.
PP-172: Synthesis and characterization of transition metal complexes of N-Pyridinyl
substituted Phthalimide Ligand
Pattan Sirajuddin Nayab and Rahisuddin
*
Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
[email protected]
A new N-pyridinyl substituted phthalimide ligand has been synthesized by the condensation reaction of phthalic
anhydride with 2,6-diaminopyridine in glacial acetic acid in 2:1 molar ratio. The metal complexes of ligand with
nickel(II), copper(II), palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions have also been prepared. The ligand and its metal
complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, IR, UV-Vis. and
1
HNMR spectroscopy. The progress of the reaction for the synthesis of ligand and its metal complexes has been
monitored by TLC in different solvent systems. Molar conductance measurement values showed that the Ni(II),
Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of the ligand are 1:1 electrolytic nature. Electronic spectral study suggested
square planar structure of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal complexes.
PP-173: Mentha piperita treated carbon (MTC) - a low cost adsorbent for the removal
of Pb (II) from aqueous solution
Rais Ahmad
*
and Shazia Haseeb
Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
In the present study the mentha treated carbon (MTC) has been utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb
(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters like pH, contact time and ionic strength have been
studied. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR in order to find the functional groups on the adsorbent. SEM
studies were also carried out to find the surface morphology of the adsorbent. The equilibrium was attained in
180 mints. The maximum adsorption of Pb (II) was observed at pH 6. The adsorption isotherm studies shows
that data is fitted well with Freundlich and Temkin isotherms model. The kinetics data shows that boundary
layer diffusion is the rate controlling step for the adsorption process and it is dominant when Pb (II) ion
concentration is higher. The adsorption of Pb (II) increases with the increase in the ionic strength of the solution.
The positive value of H
0
indicates the reaction to be endothermic in nature. The activation energy was found to
be 20.60 KJ/mol K indicating chemisorption.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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139
PP-174: Green Synthesis: Microwave assisted synthesis, spectral, thermal and XRD
analysis of some transition metal complexes containing 2-amino-5-methylthiazole
moiety
A. P. Mishra
*
and Rajendra K. Jain
Synthetic Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratories
Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P., India
[email protected]
Schiff base transition metal complexes have been useful for the newly emerging areas like microelectronics,
semiconductor technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology. Metal complexes are being increasingly used in
the field of material science as base precursors for generating new materials to be used in magnetic, thermal,
optical, electrical and catalysis industry. Schiff base metal complexes have also been found to be important
precursor for semiconducting materials.
Some novel Schiff base metal complexes of Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) derived from 5-chlorosalicylidene-
2-amino-5-methylthiazole (HL
1
) and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-2-amino-5-methylthiazole (HL
2
) have been
synthesized by conventional as well as microwave methods. These compounds have been characterized by
elemental analysis, FT-IR, FAB-mass, molar conductance, electronic spectra,
1
H-NMR, ESR, magnetic
susceptibility, thermal, electrical conductivity and XRD analysis. The complexes exhibit coordination number 4
or 6. The complexes are coloured and stable in air. Analytical data revealed that all the complexes exhibited 1:1
(metal: ligand) ratio. IR data shows that the ligand coordinates with the metal ions in a tridentate manner. FAB-
mass and thermal data show degradation pattern of the complexes. The thermal behavior of metal complexes
shows that the hydrated complexes loses water molecules of hydration in the first step; followed by
decomposition of ligand molecules in the subsequent steps. The crystal system, lattice parameter, unit cell
volume and number of molecules in unit cell in the lattice of complexes have been determined by XRD analysis.
XRD patterns indicate crystalline nature for the complexes. The solid state electrical conductivity of the metal
complexes has also been measured. Solid state electrical conductivity studies reflect semiconducting nature of
the complexes.
PP-175: New method for nanogram determination of Mn(II) in water samples
Rajdeep Malik
1
, Payal Rathi
2
and Reeta Kumari
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Uttaranchal College of Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
R. K. Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
[email protected]
The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-anisidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to
catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the
absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and
spectroscopic studies, is methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic
strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of
Mn(II) in the range 5. 5 527. 4 ng/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendells sensitivity,
molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated.
An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic
parameters are also reported.
PP-176: Preparation and characterization of luminescent Eu(TPB)
3
.neocup
Rajesh Kumar, V. B.Taxak, J. K. Makrandi and S. P. Khatkar
*
Department of Chemistry Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
[email protected]
The complex Eu(TPB)
3
.neocup (where TPB = 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1, 3-butanedione and neocup =
neocuprione) was synthesized and characterized by infra red spectroscopy,
1
H NMR spectroscopy, TGA/DTA,
scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). This complex had
regular shaped particles with size less than 1m without any phase separation and on excitation at 382 nm emits
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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140
bright red luminescence with main peak at 615 nm. The complex emitting red luminescence might be used to
make the electroluminescent (EL) devices for display purposes.
PP-177: Investigative study on Mechanical properties of HA/HDPE/PEEK bio-
composites Polymers using Taguchi DOE
Rajesh Kumar Verma
1*
, K. K. Goswami
1
, Arpan Kr. Mandal
2
,
Soumya Jyoti Chatterjee
2
and Ravindra Singh Rana
3
1
Indian Institute of Carpet Technology, IICT Bhadohi, U. P., India
2
National Institute of Technology, NIT Rourkela, Orissa, India
3
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, M. P., India
[email protected]
The bone can be considered as a composite material, being made up of a collagen fiber matrix stiffened by
hydroxyapatite (Ca
10
(PO
4
)
6
(OH)
2
) crystals which consists 69% of the weight of the bone. The fractured bone is
generally replaced by bio inert bone implants like Ti-Al alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys etc which have very high
stiffness. It has been observed that the metallic fracture fixation devices and prosthetic limbs resulting stress
shielding phenomenon. The ideal bone replacement material must have a modulus equal to that of bone.
Composites of polymers and ceramic materials have been analyses to get the desired mechanical and biological
properties as they are having lower modulus than metals but good tensile properties. PEEK, HDPE are having
stiffness like bone and also poses good tensile properties are used as matrix materials and hydroxyapatite a
bioactive ceramic material is used as the particulate reinforcement. Parts have been fabricated easily using
conventional plastics processing techniques mixing followed by injection molding method. Taguchi design of
experiment technique is used to get optimal process parameters for maximizing the mechanical properties. The
experimental results show a good mechanical behavior.
PP-178: Status of Green Building in India
Rajni Chaudhary, Anjali Yadav and Ravina
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Green building is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated or reused in an ecological and resource-
efficient manner. Key benefits for the occupants include energy & water conservation, higher productivity
levels, healthy living & recycling of effluents. Some of the green building projects in India include-
Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd (BCIL) Bangalore ITC Green Centre Gurgaon Doon School
Dehradun Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad. The project recommends spotlight on residential
green buildings for an accelerated growth. The green building can usher an era of environment sustainability
and healthy living. By increasing construction of green buildings we can reduce environmental problems.
In this poster we are going to discuss about the status of green buildings in India.
PP-179: Estimation of the Quality of Polluted Water for further use
Rama Mehta
1
, Kumar Garvit
2
, Vipin Kumar
3
, V. K. Dwivedi
4
and Hari Om Goyal
2
1
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
2
NIT, Durgapur, W. B., India
3
College of Engineering Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
4
NIT Durgapur, W. B., India
[email protected], [email protected]
The Earth has a limited supply of fresh water, stored in aquifers, surface water and the atmosphere. Oceans are
also available for water, but the amount of energy needed to convert saline water to potable water is very high.
According to Nature (2010), about 80% of the world's population (5.6 billion in 2011) live in areas with threats
to water scarcity. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It is the leading
worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.
An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal
sickness every day. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized
countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. Water pollution is the contamination of water
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
141
bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged
directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
There are many forms of water pollution existing word-wide as Thermal pollution, Transport pollution,
Domestic, Industrial, Agricultural, Non-point source, Point source, Construction site storm water, Urban runoff
etc. All polluted water have different concentration of pollution. According to their concentration, it can be
categorized in different stages of pollution band. Using soft computing techniques, the stages/quality of the
polluted water has been estimated to reuse that water for different purposes.
Over the last decade, soft computing techniques like Fuzzy logic and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are
increasingly used in water pollution studies. Furthermore, their computational speed in simulating and
forecasting is very welcomed in real time operations. It is robust and flexible in managing real world complex
systems involving uncertainty and imprecise data. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) provides a means of
converting a linguistic control strategy based on operators knowledge into an automatic control strategy. An
important feature of fuzzy set theory is the symmetry between the objective function and constraints. During
this study, Input data of the network are composed by considering different types of pollution sources with their
concentration range while output will be the quality range of polluted water. Input data are fuzzified with
different degrees of membership. The models are developed for different sets of input data and output for
quality of polluted water with different concentration to further use.
PP-180: WEEE Recycling: Impact on Life and the environment in India
Ramesh Chandra Bhartiand
*
and Pooja Vashishta
Pacific University, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Today with the rapid pace of technological transformation, WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)
is becoming a prominently emerging challenge as well as business opportunity across the globe. It is one of the
fastest growing waste streams in the world. E-waste can have an adverse impact on human life and the global
environment due to its improper handling and the poor government legislation. In India, toxic-waste
management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation of its own e-waste but also because of
the dumping of e-waste from developed countries. Because of poverty and inequality, lack of appropriate
infrastructure and procedures for its disposal and recycling, India is becoming a global dumping ground for the
African and Asian Counties. The main aim of this paper is to review the current scenario of E-Scrap in India,
like magnitude of the problem, health and environmental hazards, methodologies used for disposal and
recycling, existing legal framework, involved organizations and the future perspective of the green Globe.
PP-181: Synthesis and characterization of some Macrocyclic Complexes
Ramesh Kumar
1
and D. P. Singh
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
[email protected]
A new series of macrocyclic complexes is synthesized by template condensation of malonyldihydrazide and
acetylacetone in methanolic medium in the presence of trivalent metal salts forming complexes of the type:
[M(C
8
H
12
N
4
O
2
)X] X
2
; where M = Cr (III), Fe (III) and X = Cl
-1
, NO
3
-1
, CH
3
COO
-1
. The complexes have been
characterized with the aid of magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductance measurements, electronic,
infrared and far infrared spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a five coordinate distorted square
pyramidal geometry has been proposed for these complexes.
PP-182: Nano-materials toxicity
Ramya Sri and Shanthi Sri
[email protected]
Nano-pollution is a generic name for all waste generated by nano devices or during the nano materials
manufacturing process. This kind of waste may be very dangerous because of its size. It can float in the air and
might easily penetrate animal and plant cells causing unknown effects. Most human-made nano particles do not
appear in nature, so living organisms may not have appropriate means to deal with nano waste. To properly
assess the health hazards of engineered nano particles the whole life cycle of these particles needs to be
evaluated, including their fabrication, storage and distribution, application and potential abuse, and disposal.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
142
The impact on humans or the environment may vary at different stages of the life cycle. Environmental
assessment is justified as nano particles present novel (new) environmental impacts. Scrinis raises concerns
about nano-pollution, and argues that it is not currently possible to precisely predict or control the ecological
impacts of the release of these nano-products into the environment.
PP-183: Oxidation of Methyl Orange using hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkaline
medium- A kinetic study
Anjali Goel and Ranjana Bhatt
*
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Reactive dyes are the largest single group of dyes used in the textile industry and have been selected for our
study because refractory azo-dye compounds used in the texture industry are commonly detected in texture
wastewater. In this study the reduction kinetics of methyl orange, one of azo-dyes, with hexacyanoferrate (III) in
alkaline media at constant ionic strength and temperature has been studied spectrophotometrically. The results
show that the reaction rates follow first order kinetics with respect to hexacyanoferrate(III), organic substrate,
ionic strength, temperature and hydroxide ions concentration. The linear plots between log (-dc/dt) and
suggest positive salt effect i.e. involvement of two similarly charged species in the rate determining effect.
Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated by studying the reactions at four different temperatures between 40
0
to 55
0
under pseudo order conditions large value of energy of activation suggests the chemical degradation of
methyl orange by hexacyanoferrate (III) ions with a small reaction rate. 1:1 stoicheometry between
hexacyanoferrate (III) and methyl orange was determined volumetrically by cerium (IV) sulphate using ferroin
indicator.
PP-184: Air borne aerosol: biological characterization over a semiarid region in India
Ranjit Kumar
1
, J. N. Srivastava
2
, Mamta
2
and G. P. Satsangi
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Technical College, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra,
Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra,
Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Air contains tiny organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycotoxins and viruses. Exposures to bioaerosols are
associated with a wide range of health effects with major public health impact, including infectious diseases,
acute toxic effects, allergies and cancer. Despite the recognition of the importance of bioaerosol exposure on
human health, there is relatively lack on the study of bioaerosol. The present study deals with biological
characterization of aerosol at a suburban site over semiarid region in India. Biological colonies in fine and
coarse particles are in the reported range. The analysis also evaluated the potential effect that meteorological
conditions had on the bioaerosol concentration with respect to environment and season.
PP-185: A DFT Study of the conformational behavior and vibrational spectra of the
unsymmetrical Quadridentate Schiff base Ligand
Reena Dwivedi and Prabhakar Sharma
School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
Conformational behavior of N-[1-(5-chloro-2hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]-N-[(1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl
phenyl) ethylidene] carbohydrazide molecule is reported. Molecule has been studied employing the technique of
density function theory. Three main conformers arising due to rotation of one of the benzene ring about C-C
single bond has been predicted. The s-trans conformer with OH groups trans to each other was found to be of
lowest energy while s-cis conformer was found to be of highest energy. The gauche conformer with one
benzene ring almost perpendicular to the plane of the molecule was found to be of intermediate energy. The s-
cis and s-trans energy difference was found to be 257.27 kcal mol
-1
. Complete geometry of the s-trans
conformer its vibrational frequencies along with their assignments is reported. Nature of frontier molecular
orbitals has been discussed and band gap has been calculated.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
143
PP-186: Antimicrobial potential of root extracts of Viola Patrinii against Pathogens
Rita Kashyap
1*
, R. K. Bachetti
2
and Abhishek Mathur
1
1
Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, DBGI, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of solvent extracts of roots of
Viola patrinii against both bacteria and fungi using the well diffusion method. The extract showed significant
antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against these bacteria
ranged from 5 to 10 mg/ml. The antifungal activities were found against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans
and Saccharomyces cerevisae. The studies thus emphasized the isolation and characterization of potent
molecule for the formulation and preparation of antimicrobial drug in the nearby future.
PP-187: Air Pollution
Renu Singh,
Rajendra Mishra College, Saharsa, Bihar, India
[email protected]
Air is the life line of the planet we live in. Air supplies us oxygen which is essential for every living being. Air
consists of 99.9% Nitrogen, Oxygen, CO
2,
Water vapor and inert gases. The introduction
of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment is broadly called Air Pollution.
The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on our
Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as
well as to the Earth's ecosystem. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution
which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and "holes" in the ozone
layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole
environment.
So I Will be discussing broadly onPollutants & Different sources(Including Indoor & Outdoor). Atmospheric
dispersion. Environmental impacts of greenhouse gas pollutants. Health Effects Reduction efforts Legal
regulations Governing Urban Air Pollution with Few Examples.Recent Development in Air Pollution policy.
PP-188: Cadmium concentration in hair and its correlation with hypertension in
environmentally polluted areas
Rita Mehra
*
and Amit Singh Thakur
Acoustic
and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand
Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Cadmium is a toxic and non-essential element not required by humans. Cd exposure is the cause of
hypertension, emphysema. Kidney and liver damage are some of the diseases which a human may suffer from
on account of cadmium exposure. Cadmium pollution in environment and increasing number of patients with
complaint of hypertension are major problems in recent times. A survey of cadmium polluted areas was done
and sites of cadmium exposure were selected. Thirty subjects with problem of hypertension and thirty controls
were selected and their head hair samples were collected personally from 1 cm distance from the scalp. Hair
samples were decontaminated and acid digested following standard techniques and analysed using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer ECIL Model-AAS4141 for cadmium concentration. The significant levels of
cadmium have been computed by student t test in between subjects suffering from hypertension and their
respective controls. Results obtained were compared with the controls and significant difference was reported. It
is concluded that cadmium concentration in hair can be correlated with hypertension in humans. Negative
correlation of cadmium concentration with iron and zinc concentration was also reported in hair at P<0.005.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
144
PP-189: New amperometric methods for trace determination of
Ru(iii) and Ir(iii)
Ritu Langyan and S. P. Khatkar
Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
[email protected]
There are various techniques for estimation of Ru(III) and Ir(III) metals, out of them amperometry is one of the
economic technique. Many sulphur containing organic ligands have been used in amperometry for the trace
determination of metal ions. Amperometric titration has also been used in past for trace determination of these
metals with different ligands like ethanethioic acid, 2-mercapto and 3-mercaptopropanoic acid. In the present
study, amperometric determination of Ru(III) was carried out with Thioglycolic acid(TGA) and of Ir(III) was
carried out with thiomalic acid. Thioglycolic acid (HS-CH
2
-COOH) and thiomalic acid {SH-CH-(COOH)(CH
2
-
COOH)} have often been used as complexing agent and analytical reagent. These acids have been employed as
a ligand because they have strong tendency to enter into coordination with most of the metal ions due to
presence of hard O atom and soft S atom. Their susceptibility to oxidation by some metal ions and
polarographic activity resulting in the appearance of one-electron anodic wave due to oxidation of SH group at
d.m.e. Thioglycolic acid has also been used in grafting onto silica gel, preparation and characterization of glass
embedding, as a potentiometric sensors
and in synthesizing nanorods and nanosheets. The present work was
undertaken with a view to extend the use of these ligands for the amperometric determination of Ru(III) and
Ir(III) in traces at d.m.e.. We have employed 2.5M NaCl in 7% acetic acid medium for Ru(III) and 0.4M
NaClO
4
medium for Ir(III). The fundamental basis of the titration of Ru(III) with TGA was the gradual
compensation of the anodic current of TGA by the cathodic current of Ru(III) and complexation of metal and
ligand was the basis of Ir(III) and TSH titrations. Metal species-ligand stoichiometry obtained was 1:0.64 for
Ru(III) and 1:1 for Ir(III). 2.53ppm Ru(III) and 4.80ppm Ir(III) were estimated with high degree of accuracy.
Maximum error (2%) was encountered in the case of most dilute solution. Study of interference of foreign
ions were also studied. Non-interfering species did not interfere even when present simultaneously in the cell
solution. The methods give reproducibility with standard deviation of 0.05 only. The techniques have the added
advantages for the developing country like India in being relatively quick, cheap and simple.
PP-190: Plastics in Electronic components and their recycling
Paresh R. Mishra
1
, Santosh R. Mishra
2
and Rammanohar A. Mishra
3
1
Electrical Engineering Departments, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management,
Nagpur, Maharastra, India
2
Electrical Engineering Departments, Yashawantarao Chavhan College Engineering, Nagpur, Maharastra,
India
3
Department of Electronics, Amolakchand Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal, India
[email protected]
Plastics have made an enormous contribution in the evolution of the information age- the internet, satellite
communication, a global network of an insulated cables and home computers. All these applications have
plastics as an integral part of their design. As these systems advance, the role of plastics in electrical and
electronic application become more essential as they help in balancing economic and environmental needs with
design and specifications requirements. A unique combination of properties has made plastics an invaluable
material across the diverse range of electrical and electronic components & equipments whatever the size,
shape, or application of the product be. This paper deals with the applications of plastic material based
technology and various features and strategies regarding the same. The post use of plastics products and
electronics components is explained in the paper. The recovery of E&E goods at the end of life and the methods
used to reduce the impact of plastics on the environment is discussed in the paper.
The flexibility, strength and compatibility of plastics with E&E products is enabling technology to evolve and
have proved to be cost effective solution for material. The plastics plays an indispensable role, it is require to
adopt a flexible approach to waste management. There should be an eco-efficient combination of options fitting
with the reality of local conditions. An attempt should be made to maximize the recovery of wastes value and
ensure a rapid diversion of these waste streams.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
145
PP-191: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial screening of
diorganotin(IV) complexes with N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene) glycine
Garima Matela
1*
, Robina Aman
1
, Chetan Sharma
2
and Smita Chaudhary
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, S. S. J.Campus Almora, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
3
Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Schiff Bases are very significant as ligands in metal-coordination chemistry as they form stable complexes with
most of transition metals. The organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases have received notable attention in view
of their structural chemistry and remarkable biological activities. Regarding this, the conformation and
geometry and biological activity of several organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases have been investigated.
In the present study, the diorganotin(IV) complexes of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene) glycine were synthesized
by reacting of various diorganotin(IV)chloride with the ligand, with the aid of sodium iso-propoxide in
appropriate stiochiometric ratios.
An attempt has been made to prove the structure of the resulting complexes on the basis of elemental analysis,
IR,
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance. The binding site of the ligand was identified by IR spectroscopic
measurement. All the complexes exhibit good antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria namely,
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two Gram-negative bacteria namely, Escherichia coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the complexes were also exhibit remarkable antifungal activity against three
pathogenic fungi namely, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicillium sp.
PP-192: A correlation and regression study of the Physico-chemical properties of
ground water
Ruchi Mathur
1*
, Anju Sharma
2
and Shobha Sharma
1
1
Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
2
Govt. P.G. College, Nagaur, Maharastra, India
[email protected]
Water is a natures most wonderful abundant and a useful component in our life. The quality of water is of vital
concern for mankind as it is directly linked with human welfare. The samples of different locations of pali
district of Rajasthan were collected before and after rainy seasons. Total ten parameters were analyzed.
Physico-chemical characteristics of ground waters samples from four sources, viz. ground water, tap water,
flowing water and natural water were assessed for pH, alkalinty, Total dissolved solids, hardness, conductivity,
chloride, fluoride and nitrate. The results were compared with the values stipulated by World health
organization, Indian council of medical research and Bureau of Indian standards for drinking water quality.
Some parameters were within the permissible limit and some are beyond the permissible limit of the drinking
water standards. The corelation and regression coefficients were calculated for water quality assessment. In
correlation analysis positive correlation is observed between certain parameters. Assumption based on statistical
analysis is that high concentrations of fluoride, calcium ion, total hardness and total dissolved solids are due to
the fluoride dissolution activity of flourite mineral, which may be found in granite and pegmatite. The various
parameters signify that immediate attention should be given to prevent pollution and keep the various
parameters in their desirable limits.
PP-193: Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis studies on 2, 4-diamino-8-
deazafolate analogues as potent anti-pneumocystis agents using multivariate statistical
techniques
Ruchi Mishra
*
, Ankita Agarwal and Sarvesh Paliwal
Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed on 44, 2, 4-diamino-8-
deazafolate analogues. The compounds in the selected series were characterized by molecular descriptors
calculated using the QSAR software TSAR (version 3.3) and accelerys discovery studio (version 2.0). The
multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least square (PLS) models for, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
146
generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values, such as r, r
2
, r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) F and S values were 0.931, 0.867, 0.832, 0.873, 56.548 and 0.212 respectively for MLR and r
2
, r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) and statistical significance values were 0.867, 0.844, 0.873, 0.991 respectively for PLS, were
satisfactory. The results obtained from this study indicate the importance of Balaban Topological index (whole
molecule), First Atom E-state index (subst.1) and Number of H-bond Donors (subst.1) in determining the
affinities of 2, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues. These investigations will further help in rationalizing the
design of compounds against Pneumocystis crainii pneumonia (PCP).
PP-194: New phytoconstituents from stem bark of Mangifera indica (L.)
Ruchi Singh
1*
and A. N. Garg
2
1
Department of Oriental Studies, Dev Sanskrit University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Amity University, Noida, U. P., India
[email protected], [email protected]
Mangifera indica, commonly called Mango or Amra belongs to a family of Anacardiaceae. The plant is used as
antiasthamatic, antiseptic, antiviral, emetic, expectorant and laxative. It is cultivated in the Indian subcontinent
for thousands of years from where it traveled to East Asia between the 5th-4th century BC. Later by the 10
th
century AD it was transported to East Africa and subsequently to Brazil, West Indies and Mexico. It is an
important medicinal plant used in various Ayurvedic preparations. Scientific investigations have shown that the
mango triterpene, lupeol is an effective inhibitor in laboratory models of prostate and skin cancers. Extract of its
branch bark in water contains numerous polyphenols with anti-oxidant properties. Mango wood is used in yagya
as base fire through which medicated smoke is produced. Extract of mango leaves are astringent, cooling,
antiemetic and useful in hyperacidity, burning sensation, dysentery and fever. The ash of leaves is used for
wound healing properties in burns and scalds. The leaves of mango are kept in the kalash during puja rituals and
are known as leaves of deitys seat. Flowers of mango are acrid, and are useful in diarrhoea and anaemia. In Fiji,
fresh mango kernels are consumed as a cure for dysentery and asthma, while mango juice is used as a nose drop
for sinus trouble. In India, dry seed powder is applied to the head to remove dandruff. It is also applied as an ant
diarrheal agent. Kernel starch is eaten as a famine food, while hot water extracts of kernel are administered as
anthelmintics, laxatives and tonics. We have isolated three new compounds from alcoholic and hexane extracts.
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and mono (2-ethylhexyl)ester 9,12-tetradecadiene-1-ol-acetate were separated
from the hexane extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica. On the other hand alcoholic extract 3-chloro-N-
(2-phenylethyl) propanamide. These were first identified by thin layer chromatography and later separated in a
silica gel column. All the compounds gave characteristic infrared bands corresponding to functional groups. The
structures were elucidated by GC-MS fragmentation pattern after comparing the data with NIST mass spectral
data base.
PP-195: A convolution structure for Eigenfunction Transform
S. R. Verma
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Translation and convolution associated with Eigenfunction transform, studied by Zemanian, are defined and
certain boundedness and continuity results are obtained. Convolution of a distribution and a test function, and
that of two distributions are defined and their properties are investigated.
PP-196: ZnO nanoparticles: A potential candidate for removal of dyes from waste
water
Saif Ali Chaudhry
Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
[email protected]
Approximately 10% of the annual global production of dyes is discharged as effluent, mainly by paint and
textile industries. Majority of these dyes are toxic and even some dyes are carcinogenic and cause damage not
only to aquatic life but also to the humans being. Photosynthesis in aquatic life is also reduced due to inhibition
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
147
of sunlight penetration. WHO and other environmental organizations have adopted some hard measures to
reduce the water and air pollutions. Due to these environmental legislations, industrial units are forced to treat
dye bearing effluents before discharging into water streams. Most of the commercial dyes are of synthetic origin
having complex aromatic structures which make them stable against photo degradation and oxidation. As a
result, removal of colour from wastewaters becomes difficult by conventional techniques, such as aerobic
digestion. Current research is now focused on the removal of dyes from effluent using the adsorption technique,
involving low cost and less sophisticated instrumentation, which does not generate a huge amount of sludge or
harmful substances. Activated carbon is the most efficient and popular choice of adsorbents but the high cost
and huge requirement restrict its use in many countries including India. Thus, there is much interest in the
development of new adsorbents for the treatment of biological and industrial wastes. Due to the low adsorption
capacity of these materials, a huge amount is required; hence, highly effective adsorbents are needed.
Nanotechnology is the new emerging field and particles are very small with large surface area and high charge,
these particles are used as adsorbents for the removal of dyes. In our lab we have synthesized ZnO
nanoparticles; these are used for the removal of rhodamine B, a xanthine dye, used in the textile, printing, and
paint industries from water. We have investigated different isotherms and kinetic model, effect of different
physical parameters involved in the process to understand the probable mechanism of the dye-adsorbent
interaction.
PP-197: A new approach towards solar lighting system (Green Energy)
Sajen Soman
Sudharsan engineering college, Sathiyamangalam, pudukkottai, India
[email protected]
Electric lighting is the greatest consumer of electricity which accounts almost quarter of the total energy
consumed in commercial buildings and the generation of this electricity by conventional power plants is the
building sectors most significant cause of air pollution. The usage of sunlight for illumination can help to
conserve electricity in proportion to the amount of sunlight available.
This paper describes a new approach to reduce energy consumption of lighting system by improving the solar
lighting efficiency in buildings through hybrid solar lighting system. Hybrid solar lighting system combines the
use of passive solar lighting along with electrical lighting(Ultra bright LED lamp) which works on solar
batteries for interior illumination in buildings by collecting direct sunlight using collector ,channeling it through
optical fiber bundles and scattering it using luminaries ,will alleviate many of the problems with lighting
systems of today, such as lighting of unelectrified rural areas, energy consumption and cost for lighting in
commercial buildings ,human healthy lighting systems, losses by using electric lighting ,threat of power cut .So
that when there is enough sun light, there is no electricity used to power the bulbs .On a not-so-sunny day, the
electricity generated by solar energy is used to light the bulbs thus achieving the Ultimate Green Technology.
PP-198: Alteration of resting period of Pollen of five cultivars of
Apocynaceae by Vitamin B
2
S. A. Salgare
Salgare Research Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Prathamesh Society, Shivaji Chowk, Karjat, Maharashtra, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Pollen of successive flowers (viz. F, F-24, F-48, F-72 series i.e. open flowers and the flower buds which require
24, 48, 72 hours to open respectively) of 5 cultivars of Apocynaceae e.g. red-, pink- and white-flowered
cultivars of Nerium odorum Soland. and pink- and white-flowered cultivars of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.
Don. were collected at the stage of the dehiscence of anthers in the open flowers. Germination of pollen grains
of successive flowers was studied by standing-drop technique in the optimum concentrations of sucrose as well
as in the optimum concentrations of sucrose supplemented with the optimum concentrations of the vitamin
(vitamin B
2
). The rate of pollen germination of successive flowers was determined by fixing the cultures at one
hour intervals. Such preparations were continued for 10 hours. Observations on the germination of pollen were
recorded 24 hours after incubation. Potentiality of pollen germinability was recorded in F series of all the 5
cultivars of Apocynaceae studied. It was the pollen of F-24 series of red-flowered cultivar of Nerium odorum
and both the cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were found germinated in the optimum concentrations of sucrose.
It should be pointed out that the pollen of F-48 and F-72 series of pink-flowered cultivar of C. roseus showed
their germination in the optimum concentrations of sucrose. Thus the potentiality of pollen germinability in
Apocynaceae was observed in 10 out of 20 series investigated. Germination of pollen of F-72 series of pink-
flowered cultivar of Catharanthus roseus in vitro culture of sucrose was noted in the present investigation.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
148
Vitamin B
2
altered the resting period of pollen of 6 series and failed in 4 series of Apocynaceae. The vitamin
extended the resting period of pollen of 2 series. In Catharanthus roseus besides pollen grains which produced
single pollen tube, it has also been noticed. Pollen tubes are branched quite frequently.
PP-199: Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activity of 2, 3-(4-sulphonamidobenz)-1-
oxo-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7-aryl-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7, 9-diaryl-4, 7, 9-triaza spiro [4, 5] deca-6, 8,
10-triones
Sandip B.Ghodile
1
, P. K. Gaidhane
2
and P. T. Kosankar
3
1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering and Technology and Research
Sawangi, Wardha, Maharastra, India
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Govindrao Wanjari College of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur,
Maharastra, India
3
Department of Applied Chemistry, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharastra, India
[email protected]
With the aim of developing potential antimicrobials 2,3-(4
/
-sulphonamidobenz)-1-oxo-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7-aryl-4,
7, 9-triaza-/ 7, 9-diaryl-4, 7, 9-triaza spiro [4, 5] deca-6, 8, 10-triones were synthesized and characterized by FT-
IR, H NMR, Elemental analysis and Mass Spectroscopy. In addition, their antibacterial activity was studied
against two different strains of Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Klebisilla aerogens and Gram-positive
Staphyllococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida albicans,
Asperigillus niger by agar plate method.
PP-200: Synthesis of Biological active heterocyclic derivative of Ciprofloxacin
Sandeep Singh, M. P. Dobhal and Y. C. Joshi
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Heterocyclic compounds constitute an important class of versatile organic compounds that are widespread in the
nature and are well recognized for their various pharmacological and biological properties. Variety of
Heterocycles (-diketone, diazepines, thiazepines etc.) derived from ciprofloxacin posses large number of
medicinal utility i.e. antiviral, corticosteroid, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic and chondrotoxic
effect. Structures of obtained compounds were assigned on the basis is of spectral analysis (
1
HNMR,
13
CNMR,
IR).
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
H
2
N
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
N N
O
O
R
2
R
1
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
N N
N
N
R
2
R
1
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
N N
S
N
R
2
R
1
N H
2
H
2
N
N H
2
H S
O
O
R
1
R
2
R
1
= C H
3
, C
6
H
5
R
1
= R
2
= C H
3
R
1
= R
2
= C
6
H
5
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
149
PP-201: Waste water management by using natural waste
Sangeeta Singla
1
and Tushar Singla
2
1
Dronacharya college of Engineering Gurgaon, Haryana, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Industrial and municipal waste water frequently contain metal ions. These metal ions, when present in sufficient
quantity, can be harmful to aquatic life and human health. Current methods for such wastewater treatment
include precipitation, coagulation/, sedimentation, flotation, filtration, membrane process, electrochemical
techniques, ion exchange, biological process, and chemical reaction. Each method has its merits and limitations
in application. The adsorption process with activated carbon is attracted by many scientists because of the
effectiveness for the removal of heavy metal ion at trace quantities. But the process has not been used
extensively for its high cost. For that reason, the use of low cost materials as sorbent for metal removal from
wastewater has been highlighted. More recently, great effort has been contributed to develop new adsorbents
and improve existing adsorbents like granular activated carbon, other adsorbents such as iron oxide coated sand,
porous cellulose carrier modified with polyethyleneimine, iron coat granular activated carbon, modified chitosan
etc. Scientists are making use of the natural wastes like coffee grounds, tea leaves, Rice straw, soybean hulls etc
for heavy metal adsorption. We would also like to work on this, using materials like cotton, walnut waste,
peanut skins, sugar cane waste and onion skin, apple waste, wool fibre, green algae and rice hull, bark and other
cellulosic material, Cottonseed hulls, linseed flax straw because of their low cost, high availability of these
materials, and no need for complicated regeneration process. This method is attracting more and more Scientists
and Engineers.
PP-202: Synthesis of some novel Thiazolyl substituted Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles fused
pyrimidin-diones of medicinal interest
Sarita, Pragati Sharma, Iram Khan and Bhawani Singh
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Pyrimidines have been reported as anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial and anti-fungal agents. Pyrazole
and isoxazole nucleus plays an important role in medicinal chemistry as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral,
analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, anthelmintic, antitubercular agent. Thiazolyl substituted barbituric acids (1a-b)
were treated with CS
2
/MeS to form oxoketenedithioacetals (2a-b). The five-membered heterocyclic ring
systems i.e. pyrazoles (3a-b) and isoxazoles (4a-d) were synthesized from (2a-b) with the reaction of
hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrazines respectively. All the compounds characterized by IR, HNMR and
MS spectral data.
PP-203: Integrating formal & informal sector of e-waste management
Sandeep Singla
1*
and Manjeet Bansal
2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, RIMT Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab,
India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Giani Zail Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Bathinda, Punjab,
India
[email protected]
In this paper the authors will present options for e-waste management in India. These options are being
developed, implemented and evaluated in the framework of different Indian bilaterally financed studies focusing
on Delhi, Bangalore, Pune and Kolkata. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing
waste streams in the world. According to a recent study about 380,000 tons of e-waste are generated annually in
India and the generation of e-waste has touched 470,000 tons in 2011. The study also reveals that only about 6
percent of the e-waste is recycled, of which 95 percent is recycled through the informal sector. E-waste
recycling in the informal sector provides jobs to thousands of people and supports the formal waste management
agencies like municipalities. Investigations showed that the existence of an informal but entrepreneurial SME
based infrastructure permits a profitable e-waste management business. At the same time, the informal sector is
lacking skills and technologies, and manages hazardous material without any regard to occupational health and
safety requirements and in an environmental harmful manner. It is observed that with rising e-waste quantities
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
150
the recycling scenario is changing, with the formal recyclers increasingly entering the e-waste recycling sector.
There is a widespread expectation that these formal sector recyclers would be able to manage e-waste in an
environmentally sound manner by using Best Available Technologies (BAT) leading to better environment
management and enhanced resource recovery. However, it is not clear whether the advent of formal recycling
would come at the expense of informal sector recyclers or would complement their activities.
In this paper, we present the integration of the informal and the formal sectors in India. We show that there are
mutual gains to be obtained from an increased cooperation between the formal and informal sector because of
their competitive advantages. Social welfare is enhanced through this interaction. It furthermore leads to
reduced pollution, better resource management and creation of green jobs in the recycling sector. The outcomes
of the investigation suggest that the collection, segregation and primary dismantling of non-hazardous fractions
of e-waste should be focused in the informal sector while the other higher order recycling processes may be
concentrated in the formal sector.
PP-204: Going green: Lower the environmental impact of computing
Nitin Arora
*
, Satendra Kumar, Vishal Gupta and Jayveer Singh Farswan
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], satendrakumar22@ gmail.com, [email protected], [email protected]
The computer industry impacts the environment during the manufacturing, delivery, operation and end-of-life of
its devices. Todays PCs are far more powerful than the earliest room-filling computers. They also use less
electricity. Arguably the first general-purpose computer, ENIAC drew roughly 150,000 watts of electricity. By
comparison, todays PCs consume about 110 watts. That seems small. But there was only one ENIAC - and
there are 850 million PCs in use today. 850 million PCs consume an immense amount of electricity. Most of it
is provided by burning fossil fuels. This process emits pollutants, sulfur, and carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. These emissions cause respiratory disease, smog, acid rain, and global climate change. From the
largest scalethe earthto the smallest scale of a classroom or an office, the environmental impact of todays
PC architecture is a huge and growing problem. Unfortunately, the impact is largely unaddressed and often
unrecognized. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or office
with PCs warms up very quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost always have to be air conditioned. Air
conditioners raise electricity costs and require large capital expenditures to buy, install, and maintain them.
Electronic waste is a large and growing problem throughout the world. Tens of millions of PCs are disposed of
in landfills and garbage dumps around the world contaminating the soil with toxic e-waste substances like
mercury and cadmium. In this paper we discussed major issues of Green Computing related to the use of
computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental impact, maximizing viability and ensuring
social duties. We also discussed what motivates organizations to go green, and what ITs role in that changes.
PP-205: Dynamic password authentication: A novel approach for user authentication in
cloud computing
Randeep Kaur Chhabra
1*
, Saurabh Sharma
1
, Ashok Verma
1
and Ajay Lala
2
1
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur,
Madhya Pradesh, India
2
Department of Information Technology, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur, Madhya
Pradesh, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Cloud computing as defined by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is model which enables
the convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., servers ,
services, applications, networks, storage, and networks,). With cloud computing, you eliminate those headaches
because youre not managing hardware and softwarethats the responsibility of an experienced vendor. There
are big security concerns when using cloud services. In cloud computing security is very important since people
and companies store confidential data in the cloud. Security is one of the major issues which reduces the growth
of cloud computing and complications with data privacy and data protection continue to plague the market. The
authentication of users in smart environments is the key factors in the security. But the increasing number of
reported security vulnerabilities exploiting the weaknesses of static password based authentication methods, and
the significant financial/brand loss caused to the enterprises. Due to those vulnerabilities, the traditional static
password based authentication solutions are no longer an adequate protection mechanism for serious enterprise
applications. So, there is increase demand of robust, secure, multi-factor, dynamic onetime password based
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
151
authentication technologies into their IT infrastructure. In this paper, we have proposed two methods in which
dynamic password technique is used for user authentication.
PP-206: In vitro study of the Antimicrobial activity of Antibiotics against food and
water borne Pathogens
Saurabhh Jain
*
and Pushpa Bogra
Department of Biotechnology, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Radaur,
Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Food contamination is an ongoing public concern. There are three main types of food contaminants:
microbiological, chemical and physical but the vast majority of outbreaks of food-related illness are due to
microbial pathogens rather than chemical or physical contaminants. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella
typhi are two of the most threatening and frequent food-borne pathogens, being responsible for listeriosis and
salmonellosis respectively. The present study aims isolation and sensitivity of these pathogens to various
antimicrobials agents such as antibiotics. Different isolates have varying sensitivity towards the various
antibiotics. This can be calculated by measuring the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the isolates against different
antibiotics. The sample that contained Salmonella was resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, ampicillin and
trimethoprim as there was no zone of inhibition while erythromycin had highest ZOI (40 3 mm). Another
sample that contained the Salmonella was resistant to neomycin sulphate and trimethoprim and showed
maximum sensitivity against cefotaxime (ZOI= 38 3 mm). Listeria was isolated from two samples i.e orange
and sandwich. Listeria isolated from orange was resistant to vancomycin and showed maximum sensitivity
against ciprolaxin (45 3 mm) while isolate of Listeria from sandwich was resistant to polymyxin B sulphate
and rifampcin showed maximum sensitivity (39 3 mm).
PP-207: Surface Water Pollution: A Big Challenge
Seema Sharma, Pravesh Kumar and Sunil Kumar
Department of Zoology, Meerut College Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Water is a virtual nature resource which is essential for a multiplicity of purpose. It is many user include
drinking and other domestic uses, industrial cooling, power generation, agriculture [irrigation ], transportation
and waste disposal. In the chemical process industry medium and a heat transfer agent. Surface water comes
from streams, lakes, rivers, shallow wells and reservoirs cheated by damming. Because surface water is likely to
come in contact with human, animals and soil microbes than ground water. However many of the microbes
found in surface water are natural in habitats. The number location and type of microbes in surface water very
depending on the dissolved or suspended salts, minerals and organic nutrients. Pathogens are found in fresh
water are contaminated from infective individuals or are derived from untreated sewage discharge in to a lake or
river. Climate geographical biological conditions bring about great variations in microbial populations of
surface waters. Animal also more considerable contribute ion to the microbial flora of the surface water. They
both and often drop their excreta in the water and the presence of organic material that modifies the environment
and protects them from destruction by oxidation. The problem of water pollution due to discharge of domestic
and industrial wastes in to aquatic system has already become a serious problem in the country. Nearly 75 to
80% of Indias population is exposed to unsafe drinking water. As a result, enteric disease, often reaching
epidemic proportions,devastate several parts of the country. The river and lakes near urban centers emit
disgusting odors and fish are being killed in millions along sea coasts. The meat of some of them is tainted and
unsafe to eat because of excessive level of mercury and pesticides in their bodies. The origin of these problems
must be attributed to many sources and type of pollutants. Some pollutants may have indirect effects whilst
substances normally not considered as pollutants may become so under special circumstances. Pesticide and
fertilizer use also contribute of pollution in the river. Unfortunately little research has been done on their effect
on the river, although the need for such research was noted in the 1984 control pollution central Board study of
the Ganga basin. Domestic and industrial pollution, combined with deforestation, the use of pesticides and
fertilizers and other factors, have rendered portions of the Ganga unfit for drinking bating. To aid in a systematic
discussion of water pollutions, they have been classified in to nine categories as described below:-
1. Oxygen demanding wastes 2. Disease causing agents 3. Synthetic organic compounds 4. Plant nutrients
5. Inorganic chemicals and minerals 6. Sediments 7. Radioactive substances 8. Thermal discharges 9. Oil
Pollution of the waterways is often caused by a combination of the above categories.which can severely
compound the problem.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
152
PP-208: Solvent-free oxidation of Benzyl alcohol catalyzed by Nanostructured Zinc
Hexacyanidocobaltate: A green approach
Mamta Latwal
1*
, Shah Raj Ali
1
, Prakash Chandra
1
, Shalabh Jain
2
, Vipin Kumar Bansal
3
and Sudhanshu Pratap Singh
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
3
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
The present contribution deals with the synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of nanostructured zinc
hexacyanidocobaltate. Nanostructured zinc hexacyanidocobaltate was synthesized using a reported method. The
characterization of synthesized material was done using different techniques. Elemental composition and
TG/DT analysis of synthesized nanostructured zinc hexacyanidocobaltate showed its molecular formula as
Zn
3
[Co(CN)
6
]
2
.14H
2
O. The IR spectral study of synthesized material was also performed. The material was
studied for X-ray diffraction analysis which indicated its high crystallinity. FE-SEM studies showed that it was
consisted of hexagonal, cubic and other undefined shaped nanostructures. The synthesized material acted as an
efficient green catalyst for solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. The catalytic reaction
was carried out in magnetically stirred round bottom flask using 30% H
2
O
2
as oxidant at 75
0
C. Generally,
benzyl alcohol gives corresponding aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ester on oxidation. However, the present
catalyst exhibited high selectivity for benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde is a well known starting material for the
synthesis of odorants, perfumes, flavors, pharmaceutical intermediates etc. The catalyst was found recyclable
and stable upto 120
0
C.
PP-209: Determination of moisture content of plantation wood species using near-
infrared Spectroscopy
Seema Bhandari
*
, Vimal Kothiyal, Aasheesh Raturi and Jaideep
Timber Mechanics Discipline, Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Near infrared (NIR) technology in terms of transmitted or reflected spectra of electromagnetic waves ranging
from 800 to 2500 nm has been mainly used for the nondestructive measurement of organic materials. However,
it has great potential in all facets of material assessment (for example, wood, polymer, textile, pharmacy,
petrochemical, etc.). In the case of Wood Science and Technology NIR spectroscopy is only decade old
phenomenon and has found application in the assessment of various wood properties (physical, chemical,
mechanical, anatomical and genetically etc.). Below fiber saturation point most of the wood properties depend
on the moisture content of wood. It is defined as the weight of water in wood expressed as a fraction, usually a
percentage, of the weight of oven dry wood. Before examination of other properties in wood based
manufacturing industries, the moisture content of wood plays imperative role for end use of different properties
of the wood material. The available oven-dry and electric moisture meter method to calculate moisture content
is destructive and having limitation by nature respectively. This study deals with the suitable prediction of
moisture content of four commercial plantation wood species (Douglas fir, Pinus roxburghii, Tectona grandis
and Dalbergia sissoo) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using chemometric analysis. Total 100 samples of
four different wood species having moisture content 10-18 percent were collected for the study. Spectrum of
these samples were collected between wavelength of 800-2500nm with the help of FT-NIR spectroscopic
accessories like integrated sphere. Further, the samples were classified in to two groups; 50 samples were used
for developing calibration and rest 50 samples kept for test. Moisture content was determined by conventional
method and correlated with near infrared spectra using partial least square regression (PLS) regression using
radial face. Calibration correlations (R
2
cv) 0.90 for cross validation and (r
p
2
) 0.91 for test set validation with
root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) 0.587 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP)
0.544% respectively. The ratio of performance deviation (RPD) is 3.37 and (RMSEP) was very close to
(RMSECV) is the indication of well qualified calibratation model. This study shows that NIR spectroscopy is
rapid, eco friendly and inexpensive method for assessing the moisture content.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
153
PP-210: Evaluation of toxic metal contents in biological samples
Shail Kulshrestha
1*
and S. K. Dabral
2
1
Department of Chemistry, D. B. S. Post Graduate College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Pt. L. M. S. Govt. Autonomous College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhanad, India
[email protected]
Multidimensional development in the last century has brought social and economic benefits to the society but
the changes have also caused a wide range of environmental problems at both local and global level. Industrial
activities, rapid urban growth, agricultural intensification and other domestic activities have increased the
percolation of toxic metals and harmful chemicals to the soil and water bodies that toxic metals and hazardous
chemicals have found their ways through soil and water bodies to farm products and entire food chain system.
Many metals play their critical and specific role to sustain life in various ways. All these metal ions are needed
to our body in certain very small quantities; it is when the concentrations are too high that they exert toxic effect.
The key factor for metals is that no metal is degradable; they are here to stay for a long time, this stability lets
them be carried long distances through air and water. Human body can not process and dispose of the metals,
therefore these get deposited in various internal organs and cause serious damage in the body.
Fresh vegetables and fruits are the major sources of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates and fibers, but due to
increasing contamination of irrigated water and soil, the toxic metals have find ways to the fruits and vegetables,
food grains. The present investigation describes the estimation of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn,
Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn present in agricultural samples such as food grains, vegetables and fruits. For comparison
purpose the samples of water used for irrigation purpose and soils collected from agriculture fields were also
analyzed for these metals.
PP-211: Environment and Global Warming
Seema Sharma, Pravesh kumar and Sunil kumar
Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut, U. P., India
[email protected]
Earths atmosphere contain gases called greenhouse gases [mostly vapor and carbon dioxide] which act to keep
the lower layers of the atmosphere warmer that they otherwise would be without those gases. Global warming
is the expected slow, gradual warming of the lower layers of the Earths lower atmosphere by slowly
increasing concentration of man made green house primarily carbon dioxide and to a lesser extent methane
these gases trap infrared radiation, which is the heat radiation that cools the Earth. The burning of fossil fuels,
mainly petroleum and cool produces carbon dioxide as one of the by products. As of 2003, the concentration of
carbon dioxide is over 50% higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution in the late 1800s
which is when the burning of fossil fuels really took off. The Earths climate changes in response to external
forcing, including changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, variation in Earths orbit around the sun, changes
in solar luminosity and volcanic eruptions. The thermal inertia of the ocean and slow responses of other indirect
effects mean the climate can table centuries or longer to adjust to changes in forcing. Global dimming, a gradual
reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earths surface may have partially counteracted global
warming during the period 1960-1990. Human caused aerosols likely precipitated this effect, ozone depletion,
the steady decline in the total amount of ozone in earths stratosphere, is sometimes cited in relation to global
warming. Although there are a few areas of linkage the relationship between the two in not strong. Global
warming is the combined result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and changes in solar
irradiance, which climate change refer to any change in the state of the climate that can be identified by its
properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades of longer. Increasing global temperature
will cause sea levels rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, likely including expansion of
subtropical deserts. The continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice is expected, with the arctic region
being particularly affected. Other likely effects include shrinkage of the Amazon rain forest and Boreal forests,
increases in the intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions and changes in agricultural yields,
political and public debate continues regarding the appropriate response to global warming. The available
options are mitigation to reduce further emission; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to reverse global
warming, most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto-protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse
gas emissions.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
154
PP-212: Clay polymer nanocomposites as a controlled release carrier of an anticancer
Drug
Seema and Monika Datta
*
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
[email protected], [email protected]
5 Fluorouracil (5FU) is a pyrimidine analogue having broad spectrum activity against solid tumors, effectively
used in the treatment of colon, breast, lungs and neck cancers. Disadvantages associated with 5FU are due to its
short biological half life (10-15 minutes), incomplete and non-uniform oral absorption, toxic side effects on
gastrointestinal tract, non selective action on healthy cells. It is mainly administered via intravenous mode.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a formulation for sustained release of 5FU for oral administration which
could act as an alternative to intravenous administration and thus improve the quality of life of the patient. The
present research is aimed at developing clay-polymer nanocomposites as controlled oral drug delivery system
for 5 FU. The synthesized products have been characterized by appropriate analytical techniques. Intercalation
of polymer-drug particles within the nanoclay layers has been supported by the XRD data. Drug loaded
nanocomposites were found to be of 50-200 nm in size (as supported by TEM analysis). Physical status of the
drug within the nanocomposites has been confirmed by DSC studies .These synthesized products have
substantial drug loading capacity. In vitro drug release profiles in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, indicates a
sustained release of drug for 8 hours at 37C.
On the basis of these investigations it appears that synthesized products have potential to be used as a controlled
release system for anticancer drug 5 FU for oral administration.
PP-213: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Xylose by Hexacyanoferrate (III) in
aqueous alkaline Buffer
Anjali goel
1
and Shailja
2*
1
Department of chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
M.M (P.G.) College, Satikund, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
The title reaction was investigated in aqueous alkaline buffered medium. The kinetic results indicate the zero
order kinetics in hexacyanoferrate (III) and first order in xylose and hydroxyl ion concentration. The ionic
strength of the medium has no influence on oxidation rate showing the involvement of same neutral molecule in
the rate determining step. The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction has also been studied and activation
parameters have been evaluated. The mechanism based on the experimental results is proposed and rate law is
derived.
PP-214: Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of Ir(iii) with Alanine inaqueous
Alkaline medium
Anjali Goel
*
and Shakunj
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
A method for the determination of iridium is based on the Ir(III) catalyzed oxidation of alanine by
hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkanine medium. In this method Beers law is obeyed in the range of 2.99 to
19.98 g cm
-3
of Ir(III). The molar absorptivity & sandells sensitivity are found 1.0 x 10
3
to 1.3 X 10
3
l mol
-1
cm
-1
and 0.192 to 0.145 g cm
-2
respectively. The value of correlation coefficient lies between 0.983 to 0.993.
The effect of few interfering ions have been worked out for developing the calibration curves in terms of
absorbance or pseudo first order rate constant vs. Ir(III) plot, absorbance was noted at
max
of 420 nm. The
results show that the present method is more simple and sensitive then the reported methods and especially
useful in absence of the expected interfering ions. The standard deviation estimated from six independent
determinations in sample of Ir (III) are 0.0588 to 0.1220.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
155
PP-215: Degradation of poly vinyl alcohol
Shakya Dutta and Atul Prakash
University Of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi,
Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected]
The worldwide consumption of polymeric materials and plastics is rising annually by around 7 to 10 % . Total
consumption has also shown a manifold rise in parameter with a increase from 30 kg per capita to 80 kg per
capita. Public concern about the environmental problems has broght people to a consequence of recycling rather
than production and consumption.Mnay plastics having consumption time os 1 year are discaraded as a
waste.One of the available option is organic recycling.It diverts the biodegradable wastes from land fill,
preventing the emission of methane and other green house gases. This also refers to concept of
biopolymerswhich is conversion of polymeric material using conventional or enzymetic synthetic
procedure.The environmental fate of water soluble PVA has been primarily investigated due to its largest
utilization in textile and paper industry , that generate large amount of waste water with PVA contamination.
After 1936,PVA was recognized as a biodegradable synthetic polymer, but afterwards it was truly
assessed.Aerobic bacterias are used for that purpose;in which some species degrade and assimilate PVA
axenically.The sample also undergo mineralization and hydrolysis.Thses two factors also affects the degradation
of this polymer.Samples of polymer are available in three forms(PVA72,PVA88,PVA98);their kinetics of
microbial action are different.Biodegradation is also affected by degree of polymerization.Presence of
hydrophobic acetyl group also affect the rate.Biodegradation carried out in different mediums- aqueous and dry
medium ,which shows different trends.Molecular weights and mineralization degree also affects the
degradation.Knowing the trends both the mediums can be recommended for degradation.
PP-216: Durban: Last chance to save Kyoto Deal
Shalini Mathur
National Law University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Signed in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol saw most developed nations agree to legally binding commitments on
curbing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are blamed for Global Warming. The chief of the United
Nations (UN) climate change panel, Christina Figueres, warned that by the end of 2012, the existing framework
pledges under the Kyoto Protocol would expire, with nothing to replace it. Developed countries that have
shown reluctance towards binding commitments will get an excuse not to do anything until China, India and
other emerging economies are subjected to identical treatment. The latter will insist on some commitment from
advanced countries before taking binding steps. Against a background of record GHG emissions in the
atmosphere, more frequent and intense extreme weather events, but also growing momentum for action to fight
climate change, the UN Climate Change Conference in Durban (28 November to 9 December 2011) kicked off.
For Durban to be a success, the unanswered political questions need to be addressed; most importantly the level
of ambition and the legal nature of mitigation (emission reduction) commitments after 2012. The future of the
Kyoto Protocol is not in question, but the question is about its second commitment period. The question is not
about whether the market would be there or not, but about its scale, its time duration, and how strong a legal
foundation it would have. Change and solutions are always possible. This article brings out the thought process
and the stands taken by various countries and also highlighting the outcome of the Durban Conference for
environmentally aware citizens.
PP-217: Chemotypic variation in Craniotome furcata: Effect of microclimatic
conditions
Shalini Singh and Geeta Tewari
*
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Craniotome furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze (Syn. C. versicolar, Anisomeles (Link) furcata, A. nepalensis, Nepeta
versicolor) belonging to family the Lamiaceae is an erect, perennial, branched and soft hairy herb. Craniotome
furcata has been used as folk medicine. The leaf juice is applied for treatment of wounds. Various
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
156
environmental factors affect the essential oil composition of aromatic and medicinal plants and play a very
important role in the biogenetic pathways of different secondary metabolites of oil.
Fresh plant material of C. furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze along with its soil samples (0-20 cm) was collected from
ten locations in Kumaun Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India). The essential oils of C. furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze were
analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in soil and plant samples
were also determined. Statistical analysis of correlation coefficient was done to correlate different
environmental and soil factors with major constituents.
Four chemotypes were detected on the basis of their essential oil composition. Chemotype-I was rich in -
elemene and germacrene D, chemotype-II with two subgroups: subgroup-I: -elemene, germacrene D, -
zinziberene and -cadinol subgroup-II: germacrene D, -zinziberene, germacrene B and -muurolol;
chemotype-III: -cadinene, germacrene D-4-ol, -muurolol, -cadinol, oplopanon and -bisabolol oxide A
and chemotype-IV: -elemene, germacrene D, -zinziberene, germacrene B, -muurolol and -cadinol. At
higher altitude, more germacrene D was synthesized in C. furcata. Nitrogen and Iron in soil negatively affect
synthesis of -elemene while zinc, copper and manganese in soil positively affect the synthesis of -bisabolol
oxide A in C. furcata. The percentage of -elemene was found to be more in taller plants.
PP-218: Bionic Eye modelling using Thermogenerators
Shallu Singhal, Vikas kumar, Sourabh Singhal, Sanjeev Gaba and Anamika Bhatia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
In the era of increasing energy demand, energy conservation has become an important topic for discussion.
Energy conversion can be proved to be a boon for the visually challenged person. In this paper of bionic eye
modelling, we have put forward a strategy of using a thermo generator that will convert human body heat into
electricity that will generate the required amount of power for charging the battery of bionic eye. Also this
battery can be used to store the excess energy generated, which can be further used as back up.
PP-219: Portable free energy system for homes
M. Sharath kumaar
*
and V. Ragavarajan
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
[email protected], [email protected]
With energy crisis at its peak, conserving energy by improving the design of the present day electrical/
mechanical equipments is the need of the hour. The challenge here is to develop a prototype that would
revolutionize the current electrical appliances by increasing the efficiency while keeping the prices within the
reach of a common man. The solutions can range from modification of current electrical devices to building
your own appliances with multiple uses. The main Idea is to design to achieve the perpetual motion for an
alternator.i.e. without giving input we will be getting an output. Then overall efficiency of that machine can be
increased more than 100%.The entire concept is new. If this system is implemented then it is having the
potential to replace all other renewable energy sources with minimum cost. This paper is discussing about the
hardware implementation of methodology that can be adopted for getting the free energy in an effective way
without polluting the environment.
PP-220: Synthesis, characterization and luminescence of Eu
3+
- doped CaZrO
3
Nanophosphors
Sheetal
*
, V.B.Taxak and S.P. Khatkar
Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
[email protected], [email protected]
A solution combustion route for the synthesis of Eu
3+
-activated CaZrO
3
and their photoluminescent properties
have been investigated. Structure and luminescent characteristics of CaZrO
3
:Eu
3+
perovskites nanophosphors
have been studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier
transform infra-red spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that simple CaZrO
3
phase was
obtained and the crystal size was also calculated.
The incorporation of Eu
3+
activator in these nanoparticles has
been checked by luminescence characteristics. Monitoring at 616 nm, the excitation spectrum consists of a
broad band and a series of narrow bands and the stronger excitation peaks located at 279 and 396
nm,respectively. These nanoparticles have displayed red color which is due to characteristic transition of Eu
3+
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
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157
from
5
D
0
7
F
2
at 616 nm under near UV light (396 nm) excitation. In addition, the optimal Eu
3+
- doped
contents of CaZrO
3
nanophosphors were also studied.
PP-221: Electrochemical Investigations on the toxicity of Organic Pollutants present in
industrial effluents
Shilpi Saxena
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
The electrochemical oxidation of Organic pollutant has been studied at solid micro electrodes over a wide pH
range. Phenyl hydrazine exhibited a single anodic diffusion controlled and irreversible peak during cyclic
voltammetric studies.
Voltammograms were recorded prior to electrolysis at different pH, scan rates and concentrations. The redox
behaviour of the compounds was studied to have the optimum experimental conditions for their degradation and
to find out the decrease in toxicity in the breakdown products of the degradation. The purpose of the present
study is to address the issue by investigating the performance of electrochemical treatment for the removal of
toxicity.
PP-222: Eco-Abode: Sustainable futuristic design
Green buildings using passive solar housing concept
Shivam Saxena
*
and Amritansh Tripathi
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected]
Sustainable architecture means: form follows ethics, i.e. the design is the result of a careful consideration of
functions, materials and their life-cycle performance including long term perspectives, present and future human
needs and social aspects. This is the basic principle under which the Eco-Abode, a passive solar house made of
renewable resources, will be constructed. The paper explores the concept of Eco-Abode. It explains in details
the construction technologies, working principles and new innovations used in making the Eco-Abode. Passive
solar house technology is already well known. Building materials based on renewable resources are
manufactured in some areas. But the combination of both along with advance technologies is quite unique. This
combination can be brought to reality by the Eco-Abode. On an operative level the principles of sustainable
building ask for consideration of quantitative and qualitative problems of material flows which are responsible
both for ecological damage and rising costs for disposal. The factor 10 concept i.e. reducing the material,
energy and area consumption by a factor of 10 is implemented in this building. Thereby the whole
consumption within the live cycle is considered. Using renewable resources like straw in the construction
reduces the material and energy consumption during the whole life cycle. The paper encapsulates the role of
factor 10 concept in Eco-Abode.The combination of renewable building materials with the concept of passive
solar houses to the ends of sustainable building asks for the development of new techniques. Over all the
construction of Eco-Abode includes innovations that cover construction details within the whole house from
ground work over windows, wall construction, to the roof. Some of the key innovations are straw-bale walls,
biomass stove that can be used as a stand-alone oven, double-layered glass panes, solar heating, eco-bricks and
spray-foam insulation. These innovative ideas will be explained in the paper in detail. While buildings and
development provide countless benefits to society, they also have significant environmental and health impacts.
If we look at the scenario in United States, the buildings consume 40% of all energy used, 72% of all electricity
generated and account for 38% of all CO
2
emissions - more than all the transportation activity combined.
Buildings use 40% of raw materials globally which accounts for 3 billion tons annually. The EPA estimates that
136 million tons of building-related construction and demolition debris is generated in the US annually and that
is 40% of the total solid waste stream sent to landfills each year. These facts clearly depict the urgency of Eco-
Abode housing.Renewable resources are important in the shift of our economic system towards sustainable
development. There is a multitude of functional solutions based on renewable resources on the one hand and a
high dissemination potential due to the enormous material flow on the other hand. The realization of the Eco-
Abode building opens access to sustainable technologies for a broad public and displays long-term measuring in
a realistic user scenario.
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
158
PP-223: Green Computing in the field of MANET
Papendra Kumar, Aruna Rani
and Shobha Arya
Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Green Computing now a day is the hot matter with respect to the environment and technology. The term
green computing is the combination of study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of
computers, servers, and associated subsystemsfor example monitors, printers, storage devices, and
networking and communications systems with less or no impact on the environmentin efficient and effective
manner."In Green Computing the MANETs plays an important role in communications systems. The Mobile Ad
Hoc Networks (MANETs) in an autonomous collection of mobile nodes or users that communicate with each
other using a wireless physical medium without relying on pre-existing wired infrastructure. The MANETs
is an infrastructure less network which provides efficient and effective services with minimum loss of energy
and having a minimum or no impact on the environment.
PP-224: Green Computing: Energy saver equipments
Shubham Barnwal
K .C. M. T., Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
[email protected]
Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently.Green computing
emphasizes on reducing the use of hazardous materials, maximizing the energy efficiency and promoting
recyclability of defunct products and e-waste. Taking this into consideration,the popular use of information
technology industry ,it has lead a revolution of turning green in manner no industry has never done before.Green
computing is a way to create a balance between computing services and environmental causes which are
prevalent in todays world . It includes products and services with optimum efficiency and all possible options
towards energy savings. In this paper,several environmental benefits of recycling by selling and using
reburfished equipment are discussed.It emphasizes on booming market of recycling e-waste.
Many companies are working or designing a new energy saver computer systems.Some of them are HP(Hewlett
Packard),IBM,Dell etc.The new technology based computers are easy to disassemble and meets European
Unions RoHS standards for the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
equipments.
PP-225: Thermodynamics of molecular interactions of formamide with
propanol 308.15 K
Manju Rani
*
, Priyanka Lahot and Sanjeev Maken
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
[email protected]
Amides are important class of bio-organic solvents and are convenient model systems for investigating peptide
and proteinsolvent interactions. The H-bonding formation ability of these solvents with other H-bonded self-
associating solvents is useful in understanding the peptide linkage in complex bio-systems. Formamide is the
simplest amide that contains a peptide linkage, the fundamental building block of proteins. It is highly polar (=
3.37D at 298.15 K) and are strongly self-associated through extensive three-dimensional network of hydrogen
bonds, through its three hydrogen bond donors (3 H-atoms) and three acceptors (two lone pairs of electrons at
oxygen and one on nitrogen atom). Alcohols are self associated organic compound through hydrogen bonding
of their hydroxyl groups. These are biologically and industrially important amphiphilic materials. Branching of
alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl group results in abnormal behaviour of alcohols. Since the components of
binary mixtures of amide and alkanols have both proton-donating/accepting abilities, significant interaction
through hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules is expected. This prompted us to study thermodynamics of
molecular interactions between amides and alcohols. Molar excess volumes and enthalpy have been measured at
308.15 K for formamide + 1-propanol or 2-propanol mixtures. Molar excess volumes, V
E
, for the binary
mixtures have been measured by V-shaped dilatometer at 308.15K. The temperature of water thermostat was
controlled to 0.01 K by a mercury-in-toluene regulator. The change in the position of the liquid level in the
capillary was noted with a cathetometer (OSAW, Ambala) that could read to 0.001 cm. Molar excess
enthalpies (H
E
) data at 308.15 K were determined by a flow microcalorimeter (LKB-2107, LKB, Broma,
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
159
Sweden). The measured ) ( H or V X where X
E
= data at 308.15 K were fitted to the following
Redlick and Kister equation. The H
E
values for all the binary systems are positive over the entire composition.
At equimolar composition, H
E
values vary in the order: 2-propanol > 1-propanol.On the other hand, V
E
values
for formamide + 1-propanol or 2-propanol systems are negative over the whole composition range. At
equimolar composition, V
E
values follow the sequence: 1-propanol>2-propanol. The excess volume data and
excess enthalpy data have also been rationalized by graph-theoretical arguments. It has been observed that this
approach can be relied upon to yield meaningful information about the state of aggregation of the component of
binary mixtures as well as energetic of intermolecular interactions.
PP-226: Liquid phase adsorption of C8 isomers with highest purity on Y type zeolites
Priyanka Lahot
1*
, Manju Rani
1
, Vijaya Lakshmi
2
and Sanjeev Maken
1
1
Deenbandhu Chottu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
2
R&D Department, Manufacturing Unit, Reliance Industries Limited, Vadodara, India
[email protected]
The separation of C8 aromatic isomers is of commercial importance in the petrochemical industry. In the
petrochemical industry, p-xylene (PX) is a starting material for the synthesis of polyesters and plastics. Because
of the vast number of industrial uses of polyesters, the demand for PX increases. Separation of aromatic isomers
occurs in liquid phase at a temperature of 150C close to the boiling point of xylenes. Commercial separation is
done using methods like crystallization, extract distillation and adsorption/desorption of xylene isomers on
adsorbents. In the present paper, adsorption based methods for separation of o-, m-, & p-xylene (OX, MX)
isomers in liquid phase will be presented. But simulated moving bed separation which is based on adsorption-
desorption technique gives effective separation from the economical point of view. Zeolite Y was selected for
this work. The zeolites Y were exchanged with K and Ba ions to vary the size of the zeolite pore opening. The
adsorbent suitable for separation of each of these xylene isomers was selected based on its adsorption capacity
at 20C. The aim is to find suitable compensation cation with high adsorption capacities and selectivities for
optimal separation of these xylene isomers. The zeolites were exchanged with potassium and barium ions. On
exchange of Na with K the pore opening of the zeolite decrease due to bulkier size of K ion. On exchange with
Na with Ba the pore opening increases due to smaller size of Ba and also the number of cations decreases as Ba
because it is divalent. It has been found from the adsorption isotherm that NaY adsorbent shows more
adsorption capacity for PX. Adsorption of PX & ethyl benzene (EB) is higher due to smaller size of molecule;
OX & MX is lower due to bigger molecular size and steric hindrance of molecule. While for BaY adsorbent,
OX shows higher capacity due to higher pore opening in BaY as compared to the NaX, where as for KY
adsorbent, EB shows higher capacity due to slightly larger pore opening as compared to NaY due to bulkier size
of K ions. The best suited adsorbent for the separation of PX & MX is found to be NaY.
PP-227: Excess molar enthalpies and isothermal (vapour liquid) equilibria of sec- butyl
chloride + cyclohexane or + benzene or + toluene mixtures
Naveen
1*
, Hariom
1
and Krishan Chander Singh
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak , India
2
Department of de Fisica Aplicada, University of Poltecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
[email protected]
Molar excess enthalpy of mixing