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Projectile Motion Equations

The document describes the kinematics of projectile motion. It provides equations of motion for the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components in terms of the initial velocity (v0), launch angle (θ0), time (t), and gravitational acceleration (g). These equations are integrated to obtain expressions for displacement (x and y) as functions of time. The maximum height, horizontal range, and optimal launch angle to achieve a given range are then derived as problems to be solved given initial conditions. A MATLAB code example is also provided to plot the trajectory for given v0 and θ0.

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Austin Williams
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158 views2 pages

Projectile Motion Equations

The document describes the kinematics of projectile motion. It provides equations of motion for the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components in terms of the initial velocity (v0), launch angle (θ0), time (t), and gravitational acceleration (g). These equations are integrated to obtain expressions for displacement (x and y) as functions of time. The maximum height, horizontal range, and optimal launch angle to achieve a given range are then derived as problems to be solved given initial conditions. A MATLAB code example is also provided to plot the trajectory for given v0 and θ0.

Uploaded by

Austin Williams
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Projectile motion Motion in the x direction: a x (t ) = 0

dv ax (t ) = x dt
vx (t ) = dx dt

a (t )dt = dv
x 0 v 0 cos
0

vx

0 = vx v0 cos 0

vx (t ) = v0 cos 0

v0 cos0dt = dx
0 0

(v0 cos 0 )t = x

x(t ) = (v0 cos 0 )t

Motion in the y direction: a y (t ) = g


dv a y (t ) = y dt

gdt = dv
0 v 0 sin
0

vy

gt = v y v0 sin 0

v y (t ) = v0 sin 0 gt
t

v y (t ) =

dy dt

(v0 sin 0 gt )dt = dy


0 0

1 2 (v0 sin 0 )t 2 gt = y t =0

y (t ) = (v0 sin 0 )t x = (v0 cos 0 )t

1 2 gt 2

t=

1 x v0 cos 0
y = (tan 0 )x g x2 2 2v cos 0
2 0

y = v0 sin 0

1 1 1 x g 2 x2 2 v0 cos 0 2 v0 cos 0

The trajectory is parabolic.

vy = 0

tH =

v0 sin 0 g tD =
2v0 sin 0 g

H t =0 D

Problem 1.

Given v0 , 0 , find maximal height H (v0 sin 0 ) gt H = 0 t H = v0 sin 0 v y (t H ) = 0 g

H = y (t H ) =
Problem 2.

(v0 sin 0 )2 1 (v0 sin 0 )2 = (v0 sin 0 )2


g
2

2g

Given v0 , 0 , find horizontal distance D when y = 0 1 2 (v0 sin 0 ) 1 gt D = 0 y (t D ) = (v0 sin 0 )t D gt D = 0 2 2

tD =

2v0 sin 0 g

2 2v0 cos 0 sin 0 D = x(t D ) = (v0 cos 0 )t D = g

Problem 3.
x(t D ) =

Given v0 find 0 for maximal distance


2 2 2v0 cos 0 sin 0 v0 = sin 2 0 Maximal distance when 2 0 = 90 g g

0 = 45

Problem 4.

Given v0 and D find 0 (The basic problem of field artillery) g g y (D ) = (tan )D 2 D2 = 0 (tan 0 )D 2 D2 = 0 2 2v0 cos 2v0 cos 2 0

2 sin 0 cos 0 =

gD = sin 2 0 2 v0

2 0 = sin 1

gD 2 v0

gD 1 0 = sin 1 2 v0 2

2 2 = 180 21

If 1 is one solution then 2 = 90 1 is another solution (Note that this statement holds only for vertical target)
v0 = 5

Matlab Code
clear all v0=5; tet=60*pi/180; g=9.81; t_max=2*v0*sin(tet)/g; dt=t_max/1000; t=[0:dt:t_max]'; x=v0*cos(tet)*t; y=v0*sin(tet)*t-0.5*g*t.^2; plot(x,y,'b') grid axis equal

0 = 60

0 = 30
x

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