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BARAATH

The document discusses different opinions about whether the 15th of Av is associated with mourning. Some argue it is a day of mourning based on events mentioned in the Torah, like fasting and refraining from joyous activities. Others note there is no clear evidence in early Jewish sources that the 15th of Av was specifically marked as a day of mourning, and that mourning customs may have developed later. The document analyzes arguments from various early Jewish scholars and commentators on both sides of the issue without reaching a definite conclusion.

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45 views

BARAATH

The document discusses different opinions about whether the 15th of Av is associated with mourning. Some argue it is a day of mourning based on events mentioned in the Torah, like fasting and refraining from joyous activities. Others note there is no clear evidence in early Jewish sources that the 15th of Av was specifically marked as a day of mourning, and that mourning customs may have developed later. The document analyzes arguments from various early Jewish scholars and commentators on both sides of the issue without reaching a definite conclusion.

Uploaded by

mujeebcrc9112
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

iAv_m³ amkhpw A\mNmc§fpw


kÀÆ kvXpXnbpw kÀÆtemI c£nXmhmb AÃmlphn¶v, Ahs³d ZqXcn A´na\mb
apl½Zv\_nbnepw IpSpw_¯nepw AÃmlphns³d IcpWmISm£§Ä Fs¶¶pw hÀjn¡pamdmIs«.
iAv_m³ amkhpambn _\v[s¸Sp¯ns¡m−v apkvenw kaql¯n kvYm\w ]nSn¨n«pÅ A_² [mcW
Isf Xpd¶v ImWn¡pIbpw CkvemanI {]amW§fmb JpÀB\pw kp¶¯p a\pkcn¨v Imcy§Ä
hnebncp¯pIbpamWv CXv sIm−v Dt±in¡p¶Xv.
CkvemanI {]amW§f\pkcn¨v ]hn{XXbpÅ amk§Ä ZpÂJAZv, ZpÂlPvPv, aplÀdw, dP_v F¶o
amk§fmsW¶v JpÀB\pw lZokpw \ap¡v hy IvXam¡n¯cp¶p. AXvt]mse asÁmcp ]pWyamkw
hnip² JpÀB³ AhXoÀ®amb daZm³amkamW.v C¡mcyw ASnkvYm\]cambn Cu hnjbhpambn \mw
a\Ênem¡nbncnt¡− hkvXpXbmWv.
iAv_m³amkhpw _dm¯vcmhpw:
hnip² JpÀB\nse \m¸¯n\memw (44) A²ymbamb kqd¯p±pJm\ns³d Bcw`¯n ]dªn«pÅ
A\p{KloX cm{XnsIm−pÅ hnh£ iAv_m³ ]Xn\©msW¶v Hcphn`mKw hmZn¡pIbpw A¶v {]tXy
Iw Bcm[\IÄ \nÀÆln¡pIbpw `£Whn`§fp−m¡n hnXcWw sN¿pIbpw, JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw
sN¿pIbpw, t\m¼v t\m¡pIbpw sNbvXphcp¶ k{¼Zmbw NnebnS§fnse¦nepw I−phcp¶p. CXv
hnip² JpÀB\ns³d JÞnXamb sXfnhpIÄ¡v ISIhncp²amWv. ImcWw JpÀB³ ]dbp¶Xv C{]
ImcamWv ""XoÀ¨bmbpw \mw AXns\ (JpÀB \ns\) Hcp A\p{KloX cmhnemWv AhXcn¸n¨n«pÅXv''
(kqd ZpJm³:2). {]kvXpX cmhv sIm−v Dt±in¡p¶Xv ssee¯p JZvdmsW¶pw AXv daZm\nemWv
F¶papÅImcyw JpÀB³ Xs¶ aÁp kqd¯pIfneqsS \ap¡v hyIvXam¡n¯cnIbpw sN¿p¶p−v
""XoÀ¨bmbpw \mw AXns\ ssee¯pÂJZvdnemWv AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv AXns\ kw_\v[n¨v \o
F´mWv a\Ênem¡nbncn¡p¶Xv AXv Bbncw amkt¯¡mÄ t{ijvTamb Hcpcm{Xnbs{X'' (kqd¯pÂ
JZvÀ). ta ]dbs¸« cm{Xn damZm\nemsW¶ Imcyw GIm`n{]mbapÅ hnjbhpamWv. \_n(k)
daZm\ns\ \ap¡v C{]Imcw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nXpw lZokn ImWmw: ""\n§Ä¡nXm A\p{KloXamb
Hcpamkw hs¶¯nbncn¡p ¶p AXn Bbncw amkt¯¡mÄ t{ijvTamb Hcp cm{Xnbp−v... '' (lZokv
\kmC AÂ_m\n 4/129\¼À:2106) JpÀB³ AhXcn¨n«pÅXv daZm\nemsW¶ Imcyhpw \ap¡v
JpÀB\n Xs¶ Is−¯mhp ¶XmWv. ""daZm³ amkw, B amk¯nemIp¶p a\pjyÀ¡v amÀKZÀi\
ambns¡m−pw kXymkXy hnthN\¯n\pw amÀKZÀi\¯n\papÅ sXfn hpIfpambns¡m−pw JpÀB³
AhXcn¸n¡s¸«n«pÅXv'' (_Jd:185).
{]apJ JpÀB³ hymJymXmhmb, _lp C_v\pIkoÀ(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: ""Bsc¦nepw {]kvXpX
(A\p{KloXcmhv) iAv_m³ ]Xn\©n \msW¶v (15)]dªm Ah³ kXy¯nÂ\n¶pw hfsc Zqcw
AIse bmWv, ImcWw JpÀB\ns³d \Êv (J¬UnXamb A`n{]mbw) AXv da Zm³ amk¯nemWv F¶Xv
Xs¶'' (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ 4/13).
cnkvJv \nivNbn¡p¶ cmhv !? iAv_m³ 15\v _dm¯vcmhv F¶mWv ]dbs¸SpI F¶pw {]kvXpX
Znhk¯nemWv Hcp a\pjys³d HcphÀjt¯¡pÅ D]Poh\hpw aÁpw IW¡m¡s¸SpI F¶papÅ
[mc WIfpw {]mamWy tbmKy amb sXfnhpIfpsS ]n³_eanÃm¯Xpw hymP\nÀ½nX Imcy§fnÂ
s]«XpamWv. Cu Znhk¯n t\m¼\pjvTn¡phm\pw, cm{Xn {]tXyIambn \akvIcn¡phm\pw NneÀ
{]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xpw ASnkvYm\anÃm¯ ImcyamWv.
ap³KmanIÄ F´v ]dbp¶p
CXv kw_\v[n¨v ]qÀÆnIcmb GXm\pw ]¬Un³amcpsS hm¡pIÄ IqSn {i²n¡p¶Xv \¶mbncn¡pw.
ssiJv inlm_p±o³ A_qima (d): (Ct±lw im^nCu aZvl_nse c−mw im^n F¶v Adnbs¸Sp¶
\hhn(d)bpsS DkvXmZpIqSnbmWv ""\½psS ]¬UnX³amcn Hcmfpw Xs¶ iAv_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhn\v
{]tXyIXbpÅXmbn ImWpItbm {]kvXpX Znhks¯ {]tXyIw {i²n ¨ncp¶Xmtbm \½psS
{i²bnÂs]«n«nÃ. A_qapsseI F¶ ] ¬Un Xt\mSv knbmZv_v\p \pssaÀ, iAv_m³ 15 s³d alXzw
ssee¯p JZvÀt]mse {]Xn^emÀlamWv F¶v ]dbp¶p−tÃm F¶v {i²bn s]Sp¯nbt¸mÄ
At±lw ]dªXv C{]Imc amWv: "A§ns\ ]dbp¶Xv Rm³ tIÄ¡pIbpw At¶cw Fs³dI¿n Hcp
hSnbpap−mbncp¶p sh¦n XoÀ¨bmbpw \mw Ahs\ ASn¡pambncp¶p. \_n(k)bn \n¶pw {]kvXpX
Znhk¯n {]tXyIambn Hcp Xc¯nepÅ \ akvImchpw \nÀÆln¡m³ \nÀt±in¡p¶ bmsXmcp
lZokpw kvYncs¸«n«n Ã, C¯c¯nepÅ Hcp k{¼Zmbw BZyambn kaql¯n IS¶pIqSnbXv
_Àa¡nIfpsS ImeL«¯nemWv AhÀ `£W hn`h §Ä¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIns¡m−v aX¯n ]eXpw
IS¯n¡q«n bh cmWv. iAv_m³ amk¯n¶v t{i jvTXbpÅXmbnAen(d)hnÂ\n¶pw, B bnj(d)bnÂ
\n¶pw, A_qaqk(d)hn \n¶pw C_v\pamP:(d)Xs³d {K\vY¯n dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿p¶ FÃm lZokpIfpw
ZpÀºeamb ]c¼c IfneqsS am{Xw D²cn¡s¸Sp¶hbmWvv''. (inlm_p±o³ A_qima: A _mCkv
Aem C³Imcn _nZC hÂlhmZnkn).
ssiJv C_v\pdP_v(d): ""iAv_m³ (15) ]Xn\©v ]pWyZn\ambn IcpX epw A¶v {]tXyIw
BtLmj§Ä kwLSn¸n¡epw _nZvA¯v (A\m Nmcw) BIp¶p CXvkw_\v[ambn h¶n«pÅXmb FÃm

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lZokpIfpw ZpÀ_eambXmWv, Ahbn NneXmIs« hymP\nÀ½nXhpamWv.'' (C_v\pdP_v InXm_pÂ
eXzm C^v).
Camw \hhn(d): ""dP_vamkw BZy shÅnbmgvN aKvcn_nt³bpw CimCs³dbpw CSbnembn dKmC_v F¶
t]cn ]{´−v dIvA¯v \a kvImcapÅXmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶Xpw iAv_m³ ]Xn\©n\pÅXmbn ]d
bs¸Sp¶ \qdv dIvA¯v \akvImchpw _nZvA¯pw hÀPvPnt¡−Xp amWv; JqXpÂJpeq_v, Clnbm
Deqan±o³ F¶o InXm_pIfntem aÁp Nne lZokpIfntem Cu \akvImc§sf kw_\v[n¨v ]dbp¶
XvI−v Hcmfpw Xs¶ h©nXcmIcpXv AsXÃmw _mXzn BWv (sXfn hn¶v sImÅmhp¶XÃ) (Camw
\hhn(d) AÂaPvaqAv )
taÂ]dbs¸« ]¬UnX·mcpsS hm¡pIfnÂ\n¶pw C§ns\ Hcp BNmcw \_n (k)bpsS NcybnÂ
\n¶pw AhÀ¡mÀ¡pw a\Ênem¡m ³ Ignªn«nà F¶v am{Xaà AhcpsS Adnhn s]«nSt¯mfw AXv
_nZvA¯pw hÀPvPnt¡−XpamsW¶pw \mw I−pIgnªp.
iAv_m³ ]Xn\©n\mWv Hmtcmcp¯cptSbpw Hcp hÀjt¯¡pÅ D]Poh\hpw aÁpw IW¡m¡pI
F¶pw AXv sIm−v Xs¶ bYm{Iaw aq¶v bmko\pIÄ `£WhnimeX¡pw BbpÊvhÀ²\hn¶pw acW
s¸«pt]mbn«pÅhcpsS \·¡v th−nbpw {]kvXpX Znhk¯n ]mcmbWw sNt¿−Xmbn ]dbs¸Sp
¶Xpw ASnkvYm\clnXamWv. F¶m `£W hnimeX B{Kln¡p¶htcmSv IpSpw__\v[w
tNÀ¯phm\pw(lZokv _pJmcn), BbpÊn hÀ²\hn\v ]pWyIÀ½§Ä A[nIcn¸n¡phm\p (AÂ_m\n
kz: XnÀanZn: 2139 )amWv \_n(k) \nÀt±in¨n«pÅXv.
acWs¸«hÀ¡v th−n JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sN¿emIs« JpÀB\ns³dbpw \_nNcybptSbpw A²ym]\§Äv¡v
hncp²hpamWv. JpÀ B³ Pohn¡p¶hÀ¡v th−nbmWv F¶v ]Tn¸n¡p¶ A²ymbamWv kqd¯v bmko³. F¶n«v
AtX kqd¯vXs¶ acWs¸«hÀ¡v th−n ]mcmbWw sN¿pI F¶Xv F´p am{Xw hntcm[m`mkamWv.! ""
\nivNbambpw CXv hyIvXamb DÂt_m[\hpw JpÀB\pamWv, Poh\pÅhÀ¡v Xm¡oXp \ÂIp¶Xn\v th−nbs{X
CXv'' (kqd bmko³). acn¨hÀ¡v th−n JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sNbvXm AXv acn¨bmÄ¡v F¯pIbnà F¶XmWv
im^nCu aZvl_nse {]apJ ]¬UnX·mcpsS A`n{]mbw. {]apJ JpÀB³ hymJymXmhmb C_v\p IkoÀ Xs³d
X^vkodn ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI. kqd¯p¶Pvanse aps¸ms¯m¼Xmw Bb¯mb (hA³ ssek en C³km\n
CÃm amkB) ""Hcp a\pjy¶v Ahs³d {]hÀ¯\§fÃmsX D]Icn¡pIbnÃ'' F¶ Bb¯ns³d hnhcW¯nÂ
At±lw ]dbp¶p: ""Cu al¯mb Bb¯n \n¶mWv Camw im^n(d)bpw At±l¯ns³d A\pbmbnIfpw
acn¨hÀ¡ vth−n JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sNbvXp lZvb sNbvXm AXns³d {]Xn^ew acn¨hÀ¡v In«pIbnÃm
F¶Xn¶v sXfnshSp¯n«pÅXv, ImcWw AXv AhcpsS (acn¨hcpsS) {]hÀ¯\¯ntem A²zm\¯ntem s]«XÃ.
X¶bpaà \_n(k) Xs³d A\pbmbnIsf C¡mcy¯n\v hyIvXamtbm hywKyambnt¸meptam t{]cn¸n¡pItbm
kqNn¸n¡pItbm sNbvXn«nÃ. kzlm_nIfnÂ\n¶pw Hcmfn \n¶pt]mepw C§ns\sbmcp kw`hw dnt¸mÀ«v
sNbvXn«panà C¡mcy¯n Fs´¦nepw \·bpap−mbncp¶psh¦n AhÀ, kzlm_nIÄ \t½¡mÄ C¡mcy
¯n ap³]´nbn D−mIpambncp¶p'' (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ hmfyw 4).
sXm®qÁmdv t\m¼v
dP_v, iA_m³ F¶o c−v amk§fpw daZm\nse ^dfvt\m¼pw izÆmense Bdv kp¶¯p t\m¼paS¡w
(96)sXm®qÁmdvt\m¼v XpSÀ¨bmbn t\m¡p¶ k{¼Zmbhpw NnebnS§fn I−phcmdp−v CXpw \_n(k) bnÂ
\nt¶m klm_nIfn \nt¶m amXrIbnÃm¯XmWv. AXn\m Xs¶ aX¯ns³d bmsXmcp ]n³_e hpanÃm¯
ImcyhpamWv. F¶m ap³sImïnse daZm\nse t\m¼pIÄ tcmKw ImcW¯mtem atÁm \jvSs¸«n«pÅhÀ -
AXv t\mÁp ho«m¯hÀ - iA_m³ amk¯nse¦nepw AXv t\mÁpho«nbncn¡Â \nÀ_\v[amsW¶Xv Cu
kµÀ`¯n {]tXyIw HmÀ½s¸Sp¯p¶p. \ap¡v {]amW§fnte¡v aS§mw
AÃmlp ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: ""XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlphns³d dkqen \n§Ä¡v D¯aamb amXrIbp−v, AÃmlp
hns\ IqSpXembn kvacn¡pIbpw, AÃmlpshbpw A´yZn\s¯bpw {]Xo£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ BfpIÄ¡v''
(Alvkm_v 21) At¸mÄ ]ctemI¯v kwXr]vXntbmsS AÃmlphns\ I−vap«pIbpw kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pIbpw
sN¿Wsa¶v B{Kln¡p¶hÀ \_n(k)sNbvX amXrIb\pkcn¨v Pohn¡Â \nÀ_\v[amWv F¶v hyIvXw. \_n(k)
C{]Imcw \ap¡v ]dªp XcnIbpwsNbvXp ""\n§Ä¡v kzÀK¯nte¡v F¯m\pw \cI¯nÂ\n¶v c£s¸Sm\p
apÅ Hcp Imcyhpw Rm³ \n§tfmSv ]dbmsX t]mIp¶nÃ'' (knÂkneXp kzlol: 6/865 \¼À: 2866).
ktlmZc³amtc, \_nNcysb´v F¶v a\Ênembtijw ]nt¶bpw, {]hmNI³(k) sN¿m³ I¸n¡pItbm sNbvXp
ImWn¨p XcnItbm sN¿m¯ Hcp Imcyw hÃhcpw ]pWyw{]Xo£n¨v sNbvXm AsXmcn¡epw \s½ kzÀK¯nte
¡mbncn¡pIbnà F¯n¡pI adn¨v \cI¯nte¡v Bbncn¡pw. AÃmlphns³d hN\w AXmWv \ap¡v ]dªpXcp
¶Xv.""Bsc¦nepw k·mÀKw Fs´¶v hyIvXambtijw ]nt¶bpw dkqent\mSv FXncv {]hÀ¯n¡pകbpw hnizmknI
fptSXÃm¯ amÀKw ]n´pScpIbpw sNbvXm AhÀ Xncnª amÀK¯neqsS \mw Ahsc \bn¡p Ibpw ]n¶oSv \mw
Ahsc \cI¯nen«pIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pw, AsX{X tamiamb ]cyhkm\ambncn¡pw'' (\nkmAv 115 )
ktlmZc·mtc , \ap¡v \½psS aX{]amW§fmയ JpÀB\nte¡pw kp¶¯nte¡pw Xncn¨p t]mImw . AÃmlp
]dbp¶p: ""\n§Ä AÃmlphns\ A\pkcn¡pI, dkqens\ A\pkcn¡pI, \n§fnse ssIImcy IÀ¯m¡tfbpw
A\pkcn¡pI F¶m hà Imcy¯nepw \n§Ä A`n{]mb hyXymk¯nembm \n§fXv AÃmlphnte¡pw
dkqente¡pw aS¡pI \n§Ä AÃmlphnepw A´yZn\¯nepw hnizkn¡p¶hcmWv F¦nÂ'' (kqd \nkmAv 59).
\_n(k)]dªp: ""c−v Imcy§Ä Rm³ \n§fn Dt]£n¨p t]mIp¶p AXv c−pw apdpsI]nSn¡p¶ Imet¯mfw
\n§Ä hgn ]ng¨p t]mhpIbnà AXv AÃmlphns³d InXm_pw Ahs³d {]hmNIs³d kp¶¯pamIp¶p''
(Camw amenIv aphXzAv).
AXvsIm−v Nn´n¡pI, kXyw a\Ênem¡pI, AX\pkcn¨v PohnXw {Ias¸Sp¯pI AÃmlp \s½sbÃmw
A\p{Kln¡s«.
\mYm, R§sfbpw R§sf hfÀ¯nb amXm]nXm¡sfbpw R§Ä hfÀ¯p¶ a¡sfbpw R§fpsS CWIsfbpw
\o kzÀKw \ÂIn A\p {Klnt¡Wta (Bao³).
‫وﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ وﺁﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ أﺟﻤﻌﻴﻦ‬

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