Summer training presentation on robotics and embedded system

Trained by- kaizen robeonics Submitted by KUSUM MISHRA ECE, IV YEAR 09EJTEC050

Introduction To Kaizen Robeonics

Kaizen is japanese term for improvement. Kaizen robeonics started in 2008,with the dream of an entrepreneurial engineering graduate and electronics genious- Manoj Sharma. Kaizen aims at improving the activities and process thus eliminating waste.

Introduction To Robotics
A robot can be defined as a programmable, self-controlled device consisting of electronic, electrical, or mechanical units. More generally, it is a machine that functions in place of a living agent. Robots are especially desirable for certain work functions because, unlike humans, they never get tired; they can endure physical conditions that are uncomfortable or even dangerous; they can operate in airless conditions; they do not get bored by repetition.

Various types of robots

Mobile Robots
Mobile robots are able to move, usually they perform task such as search areas. Mobile robots are used for task where people cannot go

Rolling Robots:
Rolling robots have wheels to move around. These are the type of robots that can quickly and easily search move around.

Stationary Robots
A robot never grows tired, it will perform its duty day and night without ever complaining. In case the tasks at hand are done, the robots will be reprogrammed to perform other tasks.

Walking Robots
Robots on legs are usually brought in when the terrain is rocky and difficult to enter with wheels. Robots have a hard time shifting balance and keep them from tumbling.

Study of components
1.Resistor 2.Capacitor 3.Inductor 4.Transistor 5.Switches 6.Relay

1.RESISTOR
Two legs component that resist the flow of current.its unit is ohm. Mainly two types of resistor1.Fixed resistor 2.Variable resistor

CAPACITOR
Passive component that stores the charge in the form of electric charge. There are two types of capacitor1.Fixed capacitor 2.Variable capacitor

INDUCTOR
INDUCTOR-which stores magnetic energy and oppose the variation of current. its unit is henry. Transistor-it is used for switching and amplification purpose. Switches they make or break the circuit. Relay-it used for high voltage and current. Multimeter -it used for measuring various quantities

CONNECTIONS ON BREADBOARD
The breadboard is different according to the size of their holes. Breadboards costs from Rs.80-120. The length of the wires used are of exact length between two points.

WRONG WAY OF CONNECTION

MAKING GROUND AND VCC CONNECTIONS

CORRECT WAY

INTRODUCTION TO LINE PATH FOLLOWER

Line follower is a machine that can follow a path. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface (or vice-versa) or it can be invisible like a magnetic field.

Block Diagram Of A Line Follower Robot

Basic Robots Constituents

SensorsDevice which produces useful output in response to changes in measurable quantity.

Exa.-

LDR, Photo Diode Infrared emitter sensor

Types of sensors

Sensors are classified broadly in two types: 1. On the basis of energy detected. 2. On the basis of signal detection method

1. on the basis of energy involvedSound ,light energy, fire sensor etc.

2.On the basis of signal detection method There are 3 classifications1).Throw beam detection 2).Reflection type 3).Proximity type

THROUGH BEAM DETECTION

TX

RX

REFLECTION TYPE
TX FIXED SURFACE RX

PROXIMITY TYPE
TX

OBSTACLE

RX

SENSOR USING LED & LDR :LED & LDR sensor is one of the cheapest sensor used in robotics.
LDR:-

The light dependent resistor (LDR) is a sensor whose resistance decreases when light impinges on it.

LED
light when electrically biased in the forward A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits narrow-spectrum direction of the p-n junction.

IR LED:These are just like any other simple led they are differ in only the material used for emitting the light. The emitted light is in the Infrared range which is not visible by nicked eyes. The symbol of IR LED is:

Sensor Circuit

Simple Led-Photo Diode Sensor

COMPARATOR IC LM324
The LM324 consist of four independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide voltage range. The operational amplifier is used in open loop configuration.

Pin Diagram Of LM324

TIMER555

Pin layout of Timer 555

Tsop 1738
The TSOP 1738 is a member of IR remote control receiver. This IR sensor module consists of a PIN diode and a pre amplifier which are embedded into a single package. The output of TSOP is active low and it gives +5V in off state

MOTOR DRIVER IC L293D

Diagrammatical representation of our robot