|ix

$ +nM x& IoftenheardofthenameofthetextxiVifrommyTeacher

iinxxnibuthaventsofarbeenfortunateenoughtohearofthetextitself.
ButIdidknowthatSUxEMx wroteacommentaryonthesame.SoIalways
wantedtostudythetextwiththehelpofthecommentaryofMx.ButIdoNOT
knowSanskritverywell.ImayevensaythatIdontknowitatall,otherthanthe
minimalabilitytoreadtheSanskritletters,andsomewhatbeabletobreak
compounds.NorIcouldfindanytranslationmaterialonthewebeither.Andthe
onlyoneIfound,Iwasverydisappointedwithitbecauseitwasnotatruetranslation
ofwhatSUxEMx wrote.Itismoreoftheirowncommentaryinthenameof
SUxEMx! MoreoverbothSanskritandEnglishversionswerenotavailableinthe
samedocument.SinceIneeded,wantedtostudythetextbadly,Ihadnochoice.
Hencethisistheoutcome!

Onewordaboutthetextthough.Fromthestandpointofthesubjectmatter,there
shouldbenosurpriseinthistextforanysincerestudentofnxi.Itisnothingbutthe
expositionoftheTruth.Butitisthecharactersofthetextthatarethemost
intriguingofall!FirstandforemostistheTeacherHimself.Heisthetruest
personificationof+S H,noneotherthanxiEMxHimself.Themost
sublimeTeacherthatanystudentofnxievercouldaspirefor!Thereareatleast
twotextswhereweseeHimasTeacher.Oneisthisandtheotherisin{i%v&of
UxnM{xi. TheretheStudentwasmymostbelovedxnMx HimselfNow
thatswheretheintriguingpartstarts,i.e.,withthestudentofthistext!Icantthink
ofanyotherworsedeservingstudentthanwhatwehavegothere!Itisnoneother
thanthe+xv vi]&,themostblindestofall!Inthatway,interestinglyhetoo
perfectlyfitsthebill,thatof+S i!AtfirstIfounditverydifficulttocomprehend
whyxiViMxeveninstructedthisfellow!ButIcouldcomeupwithtwothings
though.Oneisbecausen& requestsxiViMxtodoso.SecondisthatIdont
thinkthatxiViMxwasparticularlyinstructing+xv vi]&himself.ButinfactHe
musthavebeentalkingtorestofusoverhisshoulders!Howelsecanwehavethis
textotherwise?Ifthisisthesinglemostauspiciousactionthatvi]&everdid,I
shouldsayhemanagedtodosomethingreallyamazing.Reallyblessedhemusthave
been!

ThefollowingdocumentisanattemptatthestudyofthisiVi.Thisbookis
organisedasfollows.FirsttheE&ispresentedinboldredletterslikethis.Then
wordtowordmeanings,followedbytheproseorderoftheversearegiveninblack

letters.Andthenthemeaningoftheverseisprovided,alsoinblackletters.Thenthe
commentaryofSUxEMx isprovidedinSanskrit.[BTW,Istoleitfromthis
wonderfulsitehttp://www.sankara.iitk.ac.in/sbha.php3?toption=4maintainedbya
professorofIIT,Bombay,India,SriTVPrabhakarandhismarvelouslymeticulous
students].TheSanskritcommentaryisbrokendownsentencebysentenceandis
giveninblueletterslikethis.ItisimmediatelyfolllowedbytheEnglishtranslationof
theSanskritsentenceinblackletters.Thisisdonesothatitiseasiertocomprehend
whenSUxEMx unleashesHiswonderfulmagicoflooooongcompounds
WhereverMxusesSanskritwordsfromtheverseitselfinHiscommentary,theyare
highlightedinboldblueletterslikethis.Howevertheyarenotrepeatedinthe
Englishtranslation.Butinstead,theirtranslatedmeaningisitalicizedinblackletters.
Thisisdoneforeasierunderstanding.IlikedthisstyleoftranslationwhichIpicked
fromthewondroustranslationofthecommentaryofSUxEMxonmymost
belovednhE renderedbyvxxn ofSriRamakrishnaMission.Oncethe
translationofallthelinesofcommentaryofagivenverseisprovided,theverseas
wellasitscommentaryinSanskritisrepeatedinpurpleletterslikethis.Itis
recommendedthatonewouldfirststudythecommentarylinebylinewiththehelp
ofitsEnglishtranslationandwouldthenwanttogobacktothefulltextofthe
Sanskritcommentaryitself,unhindered.Howeverthequotationsinthecommentary
arenotyettracedtotheirsourcestopresenttheirreferences.[Andbytheway,any
explanatorynotesthatImighthaveadded,beyondthatofthecommentaryof
SUxEMx itself,areenclosedinsquarebracketsingreenlikethis]Atafewplaces,
IcouldntfigureoutthemeaningoftheSanskritcommentaryorofaparticular
quotationtherein.Andtheyarehighlightedinredfilledletterslikethis.[Iwould
sureloveanyhelpingettingthemfixed]Anditgoeswithoutsayingthattherecould
bemistakesorincorrectnessinthetranslationduetomyextraordinaryskillsetin
Sanskit!Butoutofmyloveforthisstudy,IthinkImadesurethatsuchmistakesare
minimal.Soitshouldbepossibleforonetogetthetrueintentoftextaswellasthe
commentaryfromthistranslation.

Onefinalnoteonthefontsused.ThefontusedisDVTTYogeshfont,which
unfortunately,isnotaUTFfontlikeMangaletc.HoweverIlikeDVTTYogeshfont
becauseitisthemostbeautifulSanskritfontIhaveseen.Soifyouarereadingthis
documentasMicrosoftWorddocument,unlessyouhavethisfontonyour
computer,youmaynotbeabletoreadtheSanskritscriptatall.Sorryaboutthat.
HoweverifyouarereadingthePDFversion,itwillhaveembeddedDVTTYogeshfont
andyoushouldbeabletoseetheSanskrittextverywell.

Lastbutnottheleast,ifyouwanttodoanythingwhatsoeverwiththisdocument,
pleasefeelabsolutelyfreetodoso.Thereisnocopyrightoranysuchthingonthis
work.ButpleaseDOuseitforyourspiritualprogressthough

i & { i& {ii*

xiVi
SUEMiEii
|l%v&
{x =S
ii V vi] x
{V C ni ii*
xiVi i i
{|SU r { x** 1**
ii& =afterwardsV =kingvi]& =Dhritarastrax=wise{V =respectingC=
wordsni =spokenbyViduraii =thosexiVi =toSanatsujatai =ina
secludedplacei=great{|SU =earnestlyaskedr =Knowledge{ =supreme
x =desirousofgainingIt

ii& V vi]& xii ni C {V r { x i xiVi i{|SU**

{x said.
After(thosewordsspokenbyn& withrespecttoxiVi&,recommendingvi]&to
requestHimforSelfknowledge),thegreat(and)wisekingvi]&havinghonored
thosewords,desirousofbecoming(realizedsoul)earnestlyaskedGreatxiVi&for
theSupremeknowledgeinasecludedplace.

ii& BiuCxxi nh xiVi |i <i =H i C

Rightafter(hearing)thosewordswhicharespokenbyViduraregardingSanatsujata
ii {V x
Havinghonoredsuch(anadvice)

xiVi
ToSanatsujata

xni xix Si hMJ,

xi meaningancient,namelyBrahma,(aslo)calledHiranyagarbha
iixixi h xi
FromthemindofthatancientBrahma

YxMnxi& ` Vi <i xiVi& <iH Mx xiE&;

LordxiE&,thuscalledxiVi&,bornofcelebratedbirth,wellendowedwith
(Self)Knowledge(and)dispassion

i
ToHim,

i |EiVxVi n
Inasecretplace,placefreefromworldlypeople

i r& {|SU {]x

Greatsoul,greatmind(vi]&!)asked
r { =k {hxxnui*
Knowledge(thatis)Supreme,viz.exalted,thesubjectmatterofAbsolutenondual
bliss,
El?
Forwhatpurpose?

x iSUx,
Desirousofbecoming(gainingIt)
t +{iix vSUzil&**
Meaning,himselfbeingignorantofthesubjectmatterofKnowledgeofSelf.

{x =S
ii V vi] x
{V C ni ii*
xiVi i i
{|SU r { x**

ii& BiuCxxi nh xiVi |i <i =H i C ii {V x xiVi xni xix

Si hMJ, iixixi h xi YxMnxi& ` Vi <i xiVi& <iH
Mx xiE&; i i |EiVxVi n i r& {|SU {]x r { =k
{hxxnui* El? x iSUx, t +{iix vSUzil&**
vi] =S
xiVi nn h
i xii i{n*
n +SxSi iiEiz i** 2**
xiVi =OxiVi i =thatwhicj<n =thish=wanttolistentoi& =death =
indeedxi =notthere<i =thati =your={n =teachingn& gods(adnd)

demons+Sx =observedS =celibacy+i =forthesakeofimmortalityii =

thatEix =whichx =indeedi=istrue?

xiVi i <n hi& xi <i i ={nn& +i S +Sx ii Eix x

i**
vi] said.
OxiVi,Iheardofyourinstructing(people)thatthereisnosuchthingasdeath.
(Ontheotherhand),(kingof)gods(<xp&)(andkingof)demons(Sx& goto|V{i&
and)observedcelibacyforgaining(theknowledgeof)Immortality.Sowhichisthe
truth?(Istheredeathoristherenodeath?)

xiVi, i i xii x|i ={n]i n& |,

OSantsujata,Viduramentionedofyourinstructiontostudentsthatthereisnothing
likedeath

n& {x& +i i +ii|{i

Butgods(and)demonsforovercomingthedeath,[i.e.,nobodywouldtryto
overcomesomethingifthatsomethingisnotthere]forgainingimmortality

SSx <xpSxn& M Eixi&*

<xp&(and)Sx& etc.,approachedtheTeacher
i S SUxnM
AsweseeinSUxnM{xi [InUxnM,thereisastorywhere<xp&andSx& approach
|V{i& toovercomedeathtogainimmortality]

'ir n + +xv'<it
Thatstartswithsayingthosetwo(<xp&andSx&),godanddemon,having
approached(theteacher),desirousofknowing

'i uji h Si&'

Thosetwoverilyobservedcelibacyforthirtytwoyears

<ixixxpSx& |V{i SSh 'BEi h P |V{i S'<i S*

ThusendingwithIndra(and)Virocanaobservingcelibacy,beinginstructedby
Prajapativerilyagaintoobservecelibacyforhundredandone[Indracomesback
threetimestospend32yearsatastretchand5moreyearsinthelasttripback,32+
32+32+5]years

n ixii i {I&,
Ifitisyouropinionthatthereisnothinglikedeath

El i nhi SSh;
Thenwhywouldgods(and)demons(<xp&andSx&),wouldhaveobservedcelibacy
(inordertoovercomedeath)?

ii iinn{I&
(Therefore)ofthosetwo,viz.reality(and)unrealityofthedeath

Eiz i
Whichoneisverilytrue?
ii iuCii|&**
Thatwhichistrue(oftheabovetwo),(pleaseyoumust)tellthattome.Thisisthe
idea.
vi] =S
xiVi nn h
i xii i{n*
n +SxSi iiEiz i**
xiVi, i i xii x|i ={n]i n& |, n& {x& +i i
+ii|{i SSx <xpSxn& M Eixi&* i S SUxnM -- 'ir n +
+xv'<it 'i uji h Si&'<ixixxpSx& |V{i SSh 'BEi
h P |V{i S'<i S* n ixii i {I&, El i nhi
SSh; ii iinn{I& Eiz i, ii iuCii|&**
xiVi =S --
+i& Eh ESxixii S{*
h i Vxlix bEl&** 3**

+i& =victoryoverdeathEh =byactionESi =somei& =deathxi =isnot<i

=thatS =and+{ =othersh =listen =bymei& =toldVx =Okingl =asBix
=this =dontbEl&=doubt

ESi Eh +i& S +{ i& xi <i Vx h Bix l i& bEl&**

xiVi said.

Somepeople(say)Immortality(canbegainedbyperformanceofVedic)ritualsand
others(holdtheviewthat)thereisnosuchthingasdeath(atall).OKing,listento
myexplanation(inthismatterand)entertainnodoubt(init).
B {]& | Mx xiVi& -Thusasked,LordxiVi said

ESi {xtvf& {li in xx&

Somepeople(namely,thosewhoare)steepeddeeplyinignorance,consideringthe
realityofdeathtobeabsolutely(asopposedtorelative)real

nHx Eh +i& +ii ii i

Thinkingthatbythe(performanceof)actionsenjoinedbyVeda(one)willgain
immortality

+i +ii|{i nH ESxi;
PerformactionsenjoinedbyVedaforimmortality,i.e.,togainimmortality

il +x xv& iEh x Ixx&

Similarly[referstosimilarityintheactofimaginationorlevelofknowledgebutnot
tosimilarityinthoughtprocess]others(whoare)blindedbythepoisonofsense
objects,notaspiringforthestateofLiberation(becauseofit)beingdevoidofobjects
asopposedtoobjects[Thistypeisworsethantheearliervariety!Vedicpeopleareat
leastPE& butthesearesolelysensual!]

Eh +i +hi nn hxi;
Propoundthatgodhoodetc.[otherkindsofexaltedbirths]viz.,theimmortality(can
begained)byactionsthemselves

ij S MMi Enxi
Inthatcontexttheyevenquotethe(following)verse,parrot(this)songsupporting
(their)desires!

'+{ xnx x Mi <SUi* x i x I EnSn{ Mi'<i*

ThatsaysOMi,theypreferevenbeingajackalinthedesertedxnx butnotthe
Liberation(sinceitis)devoidof(sense)objects

il S {iiEh ui{xi YxEii hxi*

Andinthesamecontext,(thereareotherswho,though)donotseeasecondentity
otherthantheSupremeSelf,propoundthatImmortalitycan(only)begainedbythe

combinationofknowledge(and)action[Thesearevastlysuperiorones,butstill
ignorant].

+{ {xuiinx& +iiEh ui{xi ixii hxi Vx;

OKing,(but)again(thereare)others(who)appreciatenonduality,seeingnothing
elseotherthantheSelf,propoundthatthereisnothinglikedeath.

l Bii{Iv& i,
Howtheseopposingviewscanbereconciled(Iwillexplaintoyou)

il i C h REl&
Solistentomywords(but)dontdoubt(them)

H%l RE El&**
i.e.,dontdoubttheintentofmywords[xiVi verywellknewthatvi] didnt
havefaithinHiswords.OtherwisehavingknownthegreatnessofxiVi,he
wouldhaveaskedforexplanationratherthanquestioning!]

El?
How(aretheyreconciled?)

xiVi =S --
+i& Eh ESxixii S{*
h i Vxlix bEl&**

B {]& | Mx xiVi& -- -ESi {xtvf& {li in xx& nHx Eh +i&

+ii ii i +i +ii|{i nH ESxi; il +x xv& iEh x
Ixx& Eh +i +hi nn hxi; ij S MMi Enxi -- '+{ xnx
x Mi <SUi* x i x I EnSn{ Mi'<i* il S {iiEh ui{xi
YxEii hxi*+{ {xuiinx& +iiEh ui{xi ixii hxi
Vx; l Bii{Iv& i, il i C h REl& H%l RE El&**
El?

= i Ijt|k
i& i & Ex*
|n i
n|nii ** 4**

Ij =OKing= =bothare+t|k=areprevelentfromthebeginningi =aretrue

& =thatwhich& =isdelusioni& =isdeathi& =isthefirmopinionofEx =

seers+ =I=saythat|n =inadvertance =indeedi =isdeath=say

thatn =ever+|n =vigilence+ii =isImmortality

Ij = +t|ki & & i& Ex i& + |n i n +|n +ii

**

OKing,both(viewsthatdeathisanddeathisnot)aretrue(and)havebeen
prevalentsincethebeginning(ofcreation.Andtherewouldhavebeencontradiction
betweenthetwo,haddeathbeenreal!).Someseersfirmlyopinethatdelusion
(identificationofnonselfasSelf)isdeath.(ButIdontsayso)Isaythatinadvertence
(i.e.,fallfromthevisionofunityandnonduality)isdeath(and)saythatbeingever
vigilant(toonesownnaturalstate)isimmortality[xiViMxispointingoutthat
beforeonecoulddeluded,onehastobeinadvertentandthatanevervigilantperson
cannevergetdeluded.Soevenofdeathmaybeduetoorisillusion,xiViMxis
urgingonetostrikeevenhigher,ineliminatingeventheinadvertence,thereby
rootingoutanyroomfordelusion].

{H iiixii i = Ij, +t|k +nMi |k*

OKing,thosetwo(opposingviews)mentionedearlierthatdeathis(and)deathis
not,theyhavebeenprevalenteversincethedawnofcreation.

+l, Ijt Ij|vx, |k ix*

Or(itmayalsomeanthat),Oprominentamongtherulingclass,(boththeviews)
havebeeninvogue.

El {x& {{r& +iixii& iii?

Howcanthenboththemutuallyopposing(viewsofdeathbeing)existent(and)non
existentbetrue?

ij i& i & Ex <i*

Inthatcontext,Hesaidthat(some)seersfirmlyopinethatwhichisdelusionisdeath.

n v& +iixii&, n {l{ i& i*

Therewouldhavebeencontradictionin(theviewsof)existence(and)nonexistence
(ofdeath)ifdeathisabsolutereality.[Sincedeathisrelativereality,itisfromrelative
standpoint,andisnotfromtheabsolutestandpoint.Andpointisthathencethereis
nocontradiction]

Ei i&?
What(exactly)is(thenatureof)deaththen?


lYx +xixix&, i& ESi Ex i&;
Someseersopinethatwhichisincorrectknowledge,i.e.,superimpositionofnonself
ontheSelfitselfisdeath.

+ i x il i *
ButIdontcharacterizedeathlikethat[i.e.,Iwouldnotdefusethefocusfromthe
realrootcauseofdeathbyalludingjusttodelusion].

El i?
Howisitthen?

|n i + *
Isayinadvertenceindeedisthedeath.

|n& |Si& Ei*

|n& meansfallingfromonesownnaturalstateofbeingx

i |n lYx{ Eh +ixvhiYx i VxxhnxlV + *

Iconsidersuchinadvertance(itself,which)isthecauseofevenfalseknowledge
(whichisnothingbut)[+ixvhiYx Thisbeingacomposite,itistobebroken
as+ix& +xvh +iYx ]noncomprehensionofknowledgeoftheSelfbyoneself
asdeath(whichis)theseedofallcalamities(suchas)birth,deathetc.[+n -oldage,
diseaseandtheothers]

il n|n E{hlx +ii *

So,IsayeverabidinginonesowntruenatureisImmortality.

il S i& {lx I{n ni

SoalsothescripturespropoundthatabidinginonestruenatureitselfisLiberation.

'{ Vi{{t x {hx{ti'<i*

(And)thathavinggainedthesupremelyeffulgentnature,(one)abidesin(that)ones
ownnature

il +xMi {]
Sameisclearlyorchestratedin+xMi also

'BE Y xi ii ui SUix* z] n Oi {lS xi i&'

<i*

Isay,thereis(only)one,worshipworthy,therenoneothertheonewhoispresent
in(everyones)heart.Andhavingabidedinwhom(and)gainingwhom,mortalsabide
intheirtruenature

i B {lxIh I&,
HenceLiberationisofthenatureofabidenceinonesowntruenature.

+i B SivGIhin x Evii;
Hence(Liberation)isdifferentfromthefourfold[=i{v +{ E E
]natureofactionindeed(and)result(and)Liberationisnotattainablebyactions.

x{ SSi YxEi '+i& Eh ESi'<iinx{{ziH i*

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat(Liberation)cantbegainedevenbyconcomitant
knowledge(and)ritualsasinthis(quote)None(gains)Immortalitybyactions(rituals
etc.)

Ii S {I xEh
AndHe[xiViMx]isgoingsay(thefollowing)tonegate(this)view(ofactions
leadingtoLiberation)

'En ExMkjxxi x ixi i*

Byinvolvinginaction,(one)getsentangledintheresultsofaction(but)never
overcomesdeath

Yxx uiV%i xi x ti xl i {xl&'<i**

Byknowledge,thewisemanattainstheEffulgent,theEternity,thereisnootherway
toThat

ElinMi '|n i|n%ii'<i? ij

HowtounderstandthatinadvertenceisdeathandvigilanceisImmortality(further,
He)says(thefollowing)inthatcontext

= i Ijt|k
i& i & Ex*
|n i
n|nii **

{H iiixii i = Ij, +t|k +nMi |k* +l, Ijt Ij|vx,

|k ix* El {x& {{r& +iixii& iii? ij -- i& i &
Ex <i* n v& +iixii&, n {l{ i& i* Ei i&? lYx

+xixix&, i& ESi Ex i&; + i x il i * El i? |n i +

* |n& |Si& Ei* i |n lYx{ Eh +ixvhiYx i
VxxhnxlV + * il n|n E{hlx +ii * il S i&
{lx I{n ni -- '{ Vi{{t x {hx{ti'<i* il +xMi {] -'BE Y xi ii ui SUix* z] n Oi {lS xi i&'
<i* i B {lxIh I&, +i B SivGIhin x Evii; x{
SSi YxEi '+i& Eh ESi'<iinx{{ziH i* Ii S {I
xEh -- 'En ExMkjxxi x ixi i* Yxx uiV%i xi x ti xl
i {xl&'<i**

ElinMi '|n i|n%ii'<i? ij -

|nu +& {-
z|nni& S*
x iQ <k Vxiz{ {{i ** 5**

|ni =duetoinadvertence=orinthesenseofwhereas+& =demons{x=

getdefeated+|ni =duetovigilancei& =becameBrahman& =godsS=and
x =not =indeedi& =deathQ =tiger< =like+k =eatsVxix =animalsx =not
+{ =even+ =its{ =form={i =gets=indeed

+& |ni {x& +|ni i& Sx i& Q < Vxix +k + { x +{

={i **

Demonsfailed(torealizetheTruth)duetoinadvertencewhereasgodsgained
identitywithx duetobeingvigilant.Deathdoesnotverily(eatlivingbeings)like
tigereatsanimals.Nordoesithaveformindeed.

|ni E|Sxi +xix nnii +& Sx|i& {x {i&*

DemonsSx(and)others,becauseofinadvertence,i.e.,duetofallingfromtheir
owntruenatureofbeingx,(inotherwords)duetoidentificationinthebodyetc.
[etc.mind,sensesandothers],getdefeated(bygodsledby<xp&)

il S i& -- '+x{ix'<i 'n + i {xi <ixix*

Anditissoasperthei&,startingwithnotgainingSelfendingwithgodsand
demons,theydefeat(them)

il +|ni ESinxxnuiix +lxi i& S <xpn&*

Ontheotherhand,gods,<xp&andothers(defeateddemons),duetobeingvigilant,
i.e.,duetoabidanceintheirownnatureofconsciousness,existence,bliss,nondual
x

il S i& -- 'i Bi n +ix{i iSS i E +{i& S E&'<inx*

Anditissoasperthisi&andothers,godsworshipThatSelf,tothemalltheworlds
arecomewithintheirreach(and)soare(objectsof)alldesires
+l, + |h <xp xi <i& +xin E& |hx%&*
Or(itcouldalsobeinterpretedtomean)+& thosewhorevelinthesense
pleasures,peoplewhodontknowtheSelf,thesensualpeople

i EiG +xix nni{z& {x iMnx{z&*

They(sensualandignorantlot)fallingfromtheirownnatureofbeingx consumed
bytheiridentificationwiththebodyandothers[etc.mind,sensesandothers]get
defeated,i.e.,fallinto(inferior)birthslikebirdsandothers[animals,wormsetc.]

il S Sh{xi
AndsosaysSh{xi

'iz |tkziz ix{ %ii {&' <i

i <& |Vi%iixx RMMvS{n& <i*

il zix xi <iin& &*
Thusgods(who)haveSelfKnowledgerevelintheirownSelfalone.

il SH -- '+ix i xh SS*
Andsoitsays'theirgoalisintheSelf,(thatis)BrahmanandUnmoved'

i <i Ji& S i&'<i*

Theyarewellknownaswarriors(and)consideredtobegods

i +|ni Eix +lxi i& xklYxiiE& k <il&**

Theybeingvigilant,byabidingintheirnatureofbeingBrahman,i.e.,havinggotten
ridofignorance,remainedencompassedinBrahman.Thisisthemeaning.

xxx B Vxix{E i& |r&,

Butisntitwellknownthatallbeingsendwithdeath?[i.e.,isntwellknownthat
deathdoesexist?]


ElSi '|n i '<i?
(Then)howdoyousayIsayinadvertenceisdeath?

ij -- x ii*
ThatiswhyHesaysdeathindeedisnot

x iQ < +k Ii |hx&*
Deathdoesnoteatliketiger(eats)animalsindeed.
n Ii Q + {{i; x S ={i*
If(death)eatsliketiger,wewouldseeitsform,andwedont

izi i&**
Thereforedeathisnot.

xx{i j{Jx
Butwefindinj{Jx

'+l ii& Ei{r Mi* +RM`j { xSE i'<i*

ThenLord& pulledoutthethumbsizedsouloutofthebodyofix forcefullyby
tyingitwiththerope(ofdeath)
ElSi x {{i <i?
(Then)howdoyousaythatit(death)doesnothaveform?

ij
Inthatcontext,Hesays

|nu +& {-
z|nni& S*
x iQ <k Vxiz{ {{i **

|ni E|Sxi +xix nnii +& Sx|i& {x {i&* il S i&

-- '+x{ix'<i 'n + i {xi <ixix* il +|ni
ESinxxnuiix +lxi i& S <xpn&* il S i& -- 'i Bi n
+ix{i iSS i E +{i& S E&'<inx* +l, + |h <xp xi
<i& +xin E& |hx%&* i EiG +xix nni{z& {x
iMnx{z&* il S Sh{xi -- 'iz |tkziz ix{ %ii {&
<i ' i <& |Vi%iixx RMMvS{n& <i* il zix xi

<iin& &* il SH -- '+ix i xh SS* i <i Ji& S i&'

<i* i +|ni Eix +lxi i& xklYxiiE& k <il&**

xxx B Vxix{E i& |r&, ElSi '|n i '<i? ij -- x ii* x

iQ < +k Ii |hx&* n Ii Q + {{i; x S ={i* izi
i&**

xx{i j{Jx -- -'+l ii& Ei{r Mi* +RM`j { xSE i'

<i* ElSi x {{i <i? ij
iE ii%x&
+i S*
{iE Vxi n&
& x%x** 6**

=LordYamai =ButBE =Somei ==death+i& =than+x =others+&=say

+i =inthebody+ =residingin+i =ImmortalS=onewithBrahman{iE
=worldofmanesV =rulership+xi =rulesn&=God& =favorablex =to
thevirtuous+& =unfavorable+x =totheevil
i +i& +x BE i +& +i + +i S {iE V +xi n& & x
+& +x**

Butsomeotherssay(thatLord)& isdeathwhoistheotherthanwhatIconsideras
death,(who)residesineveryone,(whois)immortal,revelsinBrahman,rulesthe
kingdomintheworldofManes,theeffulgent,bestowshappinesstothevirtuous
(and)isilldisposedtotheevildoers.

i{i;
True,(Lord& does)haveaform.

il{ x Ixi&*
EventhenHeisnottherealdeath.
Ei?
Whoisitthen?
& |nJ i& +Yx B,
Thatwhich(Itoldyou),namely,thatignorance,namelyabsenceofconstant
awarenessofonestruenature,itselfisthedeath.
Iuxiii*

Becauseofitsbeingthedirectcauseof(spiritual)destruction.
il +Yx xii i 'x Snnxi x]& ' <i*
Thatiswhy(thescriptures)speakof(direneedfor)eliminationofignorancein
sayingitsagreatcalamityifonefailstoknowIthere(whilebeingalive)

nhE |nJYx Ixii ni

InnhE itisshownthatignorance,namelyinadvertenceisnothingbutdeath(in
thesentence)

'i

i Vii'<i*
Thatlaziness(orinadvertenceordarkness)isdeathandalertness(orlight)is
Immortality
i|n B IixlV,
Sincelackofconstantawarenessofonesrealnatureistheactualseedofall
suffering,

iz |ti
Thereforeoneshouldneverslipfromsuchawareness.

Sinxxnuixi`i <il&*
Oneshouldeverremainestablishedintheawarenessthatoneisthenondual
BrahmanwhichisExistence,ConsciousnessandBliss.Thisisthemeaning.
il SYx xvii Yx IiiH Mi
Inasmuchasthattheignorancebeingthecauseofbondageandknowledgebeing
themeansofLiberation,theLordsaid(inGita)
'+Yxxi

Yx ix xi Vxi&'<i*
Knowledgeiscoveredbyignorance(and)bythat(ignorance)beingsgetdeluded.

i|n B i& +|n%ii,

Fortheveryreasonthatlackofawarenessofonesrealnatureitselfisdeath(and)
awarenessaloneisimmortality,

+i B x Ev x{ E|{;
Thatiswhy(Immortality)canneitherbeproduced[i.e.,Itisnotsomethingthatone
doesnothaveitalreadyandcangainitbyworkingforIt]byactions,notcanbe
attained[i.e.,Itisnotsomethingthatonecangetonlybygoingsomewhere!]by
actions.

xirii, xi|{iiSS*
BecauseItiseverpresent(and)becauseItiseverattained.

il S i& -i& toosaysso

'B xi h x Eh vi x Exx* i i{nk ni x {i Eh {{Ex'<i*

ThateternalgloryofKnowerofBrahmanneitherincreasesthroughaction,nor
diminishes(through)action.(Hence)oneshouldknowthenatureofthatGlory.
HavingknownThat,(He)isnottainted(even)byanevilaction.

il -- 'i nii ii xx& {xl ti%x'

SoalsoKnowingThatalone,onegoesbeyonddeath.Thereisnootherwayto
reachthegoal

'i

v Y |Y Ei h&
HavingknownThatalone,theWise,theKnowerspracticespiritualdisciplines

<i Yx Ivxi ni*

Thusitemphasizesthatknowledgealoneisthemeanstoliberation.

il -- 'x SI Mi x{ S xxni{ Eh * Yx|nx rkiii i {i xE

vx&'<i*
FurtherthatItisnotperceivedbytheeye,norexpressedbyspeech,norknown
throughtheothersenses;norisitattainedthroughausterityoraction.Itcanbe
attainedonlythroughmeditationbyanintellectwhichhasbecomeabsolutelypure

Ii S Mx Yx Ivxi
Itwillbesaid[inthistextitself]theknowledgealonesasbeingtheefficaciousmeans
toLiberation

'+xixi& Ij i Vxi E\Vx& Eh xix'<i,

ThatOKing!Those[whoaredevotedtoactionE]worldswhichareimpermanent
asthefruitoftheirE.[i.e.,whatisattainablebyactionsisnotpermanentandthat
sinceliberatedstateiseternal(everpresent),itcantbeanoutcomeofaction(not
producible)]
'B i Vx ni Yxx i`z i i&'<i S*

Andthatthushavingknowndeath[knownas|n]appearing(intheformoflikes,
dislikesandangeretc..,andthushavinggiventhemup),getsestablishedin
(Brahman,theWise)dontfeardeath(anymore)

il S Iv 'Eh vi Vxit S Si* iiE x Exi i& {nx& ' <i*

AndalsointhecontextofLiberation(itissaid)thatBeingsgetboundbyactionsand
liberatedbyknowledge.Thereforeaspirantsforliberationwhoarefarsighteddonot
performE(motivatedbydesire).

'Yx ] x il Y Yxx nM ii x Y&'<i S*

AndthatKnowledgeissuperiorandnotvedicsacrifice.Obstruction(toliberation)is
crossedoverbyknowledgeandnotbysacrifices.

il S Yx Ivxi xx& E{iM Mx nS x& -Soalso,Mx x& theteacherofscriptures,whoconsidersknowledgetobethesole

meansofLiberationprescribesrenunciationofallactions
'lHx{ Eh {{ uVk&* +iYx S un S ixx'<i*
ThusinThewiseman,givingupalltheaforesaidactions,devoteshimselftoself
knowledge,withdrawalandstudyoftheVedas

il Mx{&SotheLord,theSupremeRuler(also)says(inGita)
'Yx i E M{M|n*
ButknowledgealonecangiveLiberationfully.

inn Yx Evx**
ThereforepureknowledgeisthemeansofLiberation.

Yi |ixx i o S*
Oneshouldstrivetoknow,hereandsee
BE& jM i ESijE&**
ForOne,whogoeseverywhere,isofthenatureofknowledgealone
+xxn x xi& niiJnx*
ItisthevisionofKnowledge(thatitis)Bliss,Pure(and)Eternal
Bin { YxixI%xMi**
ItisglorifiedasSupremeKnowledge(and)Liberation

BiiE S hi&*
ItdescribedasLiberation,devoidofimpurities(and)beingBrahman
+iii{ ik iz`ii{h&**
ResortingtothisSupremeRealitywhoabideinIt(and)devotedtoIt
MSUxi ix i ii&'<i*
They,thegreatsouls,strivers,whoaredevoidofjealousy,reachMe

xx B Sk Eh xx`x?
Ifitso,thendoesitmeanthattheactions(prescribedintheVedas)neednotbe
performedatall?

x xx`x, Ei Yxx +xx`x*

They are to be performed, but not by those who have already realized the Self.

il S Mxn& -So Lord Krishna says

'iii nii{iS x&* +ix S i]i E x ti(Gita3.17)'<i*

ForthemanwhoeverrevelsintheSelfaloneandiscontentedwiththeSelfalone
(i.e.,notdependentonsenseobjectsforhappiness),thereisnodutyforhimtobe
performed.

il S hb{h E& -Andalsoinhb{h E& say that

'Et xSvxx E ElxiS JV&*

Andforwhatpurposeshouldwestudy,(and)forwhatpurposeshouldweworship
withsacrifices[HavingknownIt,noactionsareneeded]

|h {x V& |hx Vi S'<i*

Iverilyofferthebreathinthefire,offerspeechinthefireofPrana

il S Sh{xi -- 'El v'<i*

AndsoalsoSh{xi saysForwhatpurposeshouldwestudy[Knowingwhich
nothingislefttobeknown,whatusestudywouldbe!]

il S nhE n& Ex ni

SoalsoinBrhadaranyaka,itestablishesfreedomfromactionsfortheKnower

'Bir ii{ u& |V x Exi E |V E x%i E <i

Itissoweheard,inthedaysofyoreKnowerdoesnotseekoffspringsayingwhat
shallwedowiththeseoffspring[meaningwhatuseisthere?]inthisworld

i {jhS khS EhS ill IS Sxi <i*

Theyindeedwithdrawfromthedesiresofoffspring,wealth(and)worlds(and)go
aboutbeggingforalms[i.e.,theyaskanduseonlyforthesustenanceofthebody]

il RM -- 'Yxix i{i EiEi Mx&*

SoalsoinYogiisonewhoisfulfilled,andcontentwiththenectaroftheknowledge.

xi ESiEi Sz iki'<i*
That(knower)hasnoduty(butifonesays)Ihave,heisnoknower.

il S +lh i& -- 'xiuuxh v x xvi vx nE&'<i*

AndsoalsoinAtharvanaveda,ThisknowerneednotbeobedienttoRisi

Ex ix`x?
Thenbywhomshould(actions)beperformed?
+Yxx +Ih Eh n +x`x; x Yxx*
Bytheignorant,seekingknowledge,shouldall[i.e.,allactionsaremeantforthem
only,nottheknower]actionsbeperformedalways[i.e.,actionsarealwaysmeant
fortheignorant],notbytheknower.

il S Mx
SoLordsays(inGita)
'E%xuv x` { |H xP* YxMx Jx EMx Mx'<i
ThattwopathshavebeenlaiddownbyMefromancienttimes,thepathofaction
forspiritualaspirantsandthepathofrenunciationandpursuitofSelfknowledge(for
thosewhohaveattainedtotaldetachmenttowardsallworldly actions)
'+IxM E EhSi* Mf i & EhSi'<i S*
Andthat(Selfless)peformanceofaction[EM&]isprescibedforthemendicantwho
isaspiringtoaspirefor(Knowledge)(and)withdrawal(evenfromsuchactions)is
prescribedfortheonealone,whoiswellestablished(intheknowledge)

il S Mxiii& -AndsoalsoMx n& says

'ul {xlx j n& |i`i&* |kIh v xk S li&'<i**

ThentherearetwopathsexpoundedintheVeda,(one)characterizedby
engagementinactionandtheotherinthewithdrawal

xxIh{ Eh xx`x, Eh xviii*

Ifitisarguedthatevenbytheaspirants(ofLiberation)(selfless)actionsneednotbe
performed,becauseofbeingthecauseofbondage,
il SH
Andinsupportofthis(argument),(if)itissaid,
'Eh vi Vxit S Si'<i*
Thatpeoplegetboundbyactionsandliberatedbyknowledge

i,
Thatistrue,

il{ <li x{Ix`xx x xvix*

Eventhen,oneshould(still)performactionsasanofferingtotheLordwithout
expectationofresults,(but)not(inaway)thatresultsinbondage
il SH Mi
AndsosaystheLord

'YliEh%xj E% Exvx&* inl E Exi HRM& S'<i*

(Any)actionthatisnotperformedwithanattitudeofofferingtoLordwillbea
sourceofbondageforthepeople.Arjunathatiswhyyoushouldperformactions
withoutattachment(toresults)
El i ix`x?
Then(ifitisnotfortheresult),whyshouldanyoneperformthem(actions)?
knvli &*
We(already)saidthatitismeantforpurificationofheart.

il SH Mi
AndsoissaidbytheLord

'Ex x r Exp{* Mx& E Exi RM iCiir'<i,

ThatTheaspirants(ofLiberation)performactionswiththebody,mind,intellector
evenbytheorgansthemselves,byrenouncingattachment(totheresult)forthe
purposeofselfpurification

'Y nx i{S {xx xh'<i,

ThatVedicsacrifice,charity(and)penanceare(prescribedfor)theaspirants(of
Liberation)

'MiRM H YxliSi&* YSi& E O |i'<i S*

Alltheactionsperfumedbytheoneunattachedtothemodesofnature,whoiswell
establishedintheKnowledge,withtheattitudeofoffering,withoutattachment(to
theresults),willcompletelytranscendthem

il S -- 'E{H& Eh Yx i { Mi&* E E& {C ii Yx |ii'<i*

Andsoalso,ActionsarelikebitterfoodwhereasKnowledgeissupremegoal.When
theactionsmature(intoofferingswithoutexpectations),then(itmakeswayfor)the
dawnofknowledge

xx Eh{ Iii i
Evenwhenactionsaremeansfor(establishmentin)knowledge,but(ifoneargues
thatwouldnt)scripturessay
't St S iun '<i
ThathewhoknowsbothKnowledgeandignorancetogether[i.e.,oneshould
pursueactionsalongwithknowledge,butnotthelaterexclusively]

'Ez Eh VVSUi &'<i S*

Andthatoneshouldkeepperformingactionsifonewishestoliveonehundred
years[i.e.,aslongasonelives](i.e.,oneshouldnevergiveupactions!)

il S x& -And(notjustscriptures,buteven)x& toosaidso

'i{ t S | x&E ='<i*

Thatpenanceand={x aresupremelybeneficialtoanaspirant
xii,
Itisnotso!


{{xxvxxxvx% &*
(Sucherroneousconclusionthatknowledgehastobepracticedwithactionarises
outof)theconfusionwithrespecttotherulesandrelationshipbetweenstagesof
progression(inspirituality)
il -- 't St S iun '<iCi
Inthismeaning[implyinganorderbetweenselflessaction,followedbyknowledge]
only,havingsaidhewhoknowsbothKnowledgeandignorancetogether

'+t i ii tixi'<i
[Itisalsosaidthat],havingovercomelazinessthroughactions,onewouldattain
Liberationthroughknowledge

ttzix SS& i ni&*

Theimpossibilityofconcomitance(ofactionandknowledge)duetothedifferenceof
thepurposesofaction(and)knowledge,isestablishedbythe[same]scriptures

<l {]x Mxx& -Mxx& (aslo)clearlystatesthesamemeaning.

'i{ t S | x&E ='<iH

Havingsaidpenanceand={x aresupremelybeneficialtoanaspirant
SSRE ni
Toeliminatethemisunderstandingof(concomitanceofknowledgeandaction,ifone
weretoassumeso,Hefurthersaid)

'i{ E xi tixi'<i
ThatOneeliminatesimpuritiesbypenance(and)attainsImmortalitybyknowledge

i{ xixkEIh Eh& +xi&Ehr xM nix*

[Mxx&]showedthattheutilityofpenancessuchasactionscharacterizedbydaily
andoccationaldutiesisonlyinthepurificationofthemind.

il '<n '<i ixjiCi

Inthesameway,havingthateverythingisnothingbutThat(i.e.,Self)asinpervaded
bytheLord
inii ixji {iiqxx Eil vxi{i& 'ix iHx \Vlc'<i

FortheseerwhoseeseverythingasnothingbutThat(i.e.,asSelf),asItbeingthe
substratumofeverything,seeingnothingelsetobeattainedbytheFulfilled(seer),
(samescripturesays)enjoywhatevertheLordordains[i.e.,theseerhasnothingto
gainorlose,justacceptswhatevercomesalongas|n& oftheLord.Butthepoint
behindthisquotebesidesthemeaningisthatactionsareameanstogain
qualificationtogainknowledgeandthatonceknowledgegetsestablishedthe
purposeofactionisfulfilled]
iMxi{{xCi +ininx& Ex i +i{{xiRC
Expectingapossibledoubtthatmayarisethatifrenunciation(ofactions)alone
needstobepracticed(afterhavinggainedtheknowledge),whatthenneedstobe
practicedbytheoneswhodonotknowknowtheself,(samescripturealso)says

'Ez Eh VVSUi &* B i xxli%i x E {i x'<i*

Thatoneshouldkeepperformingactionsifonewishtoliveonehundredyears.
Actionthus(performedwithoutattachmenttotheresults),doesnotbindyou,the
man
Bi i xjxxY +txkk{Pxi
Thisbeingso,toyou(thedoer),whoidentifieshimselfasamerehumanbeing,(and
engages)inaction,duetotherebeingnounambiguouscessationofthetwophases
ofthemoon,causedbyignorance[i.e.,theattachmenttotheceremoniesrelatingto
twophasesofthemoon,causedbyignorance]

Ez n VV E VVniY
Thatactions,bydoingonlyalways,inthespiritofsacrifice,oneshoulddesiretolive
aslongasonelives
xjxx& rl VV Eh ni*
(Scripture)showsthatactionsperformedaslongasonelives,aremeantforthe
purificationofthepersonwhoidentifieshimselfasamerehumanbeing[i.e.,tothe
onewhoisignorantofhisdivinenature]
+i B{ C& rvxiMi, x Ivxi*
Henceevenbythesestatements,them(actionsperformedwithoutattachment)
beingpurposefulonlyinthepurification(ofmind)isunderstood,notinbeing
capableofleadingonetoLiberation

n{H -- 'ixi i{hEkVS'<i

EvenifitisarguedbyTheknowergetsledtolightbythegooddeeds

S-niSS%Mi <i
Thatthewordandimpliesconcomitance(ofactionandknowledge)

in{ |rixMxh Vi*

Eventhen,onehastogoasperthewellknownscripture[quotedfrom<]alone

il S +xMi {] Mx Eh rrh Ivxi

Andmoreover,theLordtalksabouttheabilityofattainingLiberationonlythrough
purification(ofmind)byperformingactions(withoutattachment)in+xMi [thepoint
herebeingthedenialofconcomitance]
'xixkE& r& RMVi&*
Bythe(performanceof)obligatoryandoccasional(duties,whichare)pure,i.e.,
devoidofattachmenttotheresults[Notsureofthefullquotation]
kr{l Mf i**
Havinggainedthepuremind,thenattainsperfection.
Mfii i iuh& { {n*
Afterbecomingperfect,oneattainstheSupremeAbodethatisallpervading
MCi S vi S vCi ix S*
(Whichcanbeattainedonlyby)devotiontotheteacher,anddetermination,and
adherencetorighteousnessanddevotiontoscriptures.
hCi S ii Yxi{ti%*
AndbyconstantdevotiontotheLordh,knowledgetakesplace.
ir{ i niCxi&*
Thereforebeingadherenttorighteousness,endowedwithfaithinthescriptures,
Ex xiEh lH rx**
Thewisemanindeedperformsobligatorydutiesasperonesability
x { +t n {ix*
ByreposingtheresultintheLord,theSelf,theSupreme

rk i MfS Vi <i*
Thattheperfectionarisesoutofthepurificationofmindalone
Ii S Mx xiVi& ruh Ivxi

TheLordxiVi& isgoingtosaythatthroughpurification(ofmind)alone,Liberation
ispossible
'inlH i{ Eh i {h{i ux*
Bythataforesaidpenance,bythoseactions(devoidofattachment),thisWiseman
gainspurity(ofmind)
{hx {{ xi {Si Vi Yxn{ii'
Aftergettingridofgoodandevil,therearisestheilluminationofknowledgeofthe
Self

'Yxx Six{i ux'<i*

ThattheWisemangainstheSelfthroughknowledge
xx El kruh Ivxi?
ButhowdoesthepurificationofmindleadtoLiberation?
x{ kr Yxx I& vi*
(Ifitisarguedthat)evenwithoutpuremind,justbyknowledgealoneLiberationcan
beattained
i* Yxx I& vi;
ItistruethatLiberationisattainedthroughknowledge
Ei in Yx kr x xi{ti <i &*
Butwearesayingthatknowledgeitselfdoesnottakeplacewithoutpurificationof
mind
il SH -- 'Yxi{ti { Ii{{ Eh&'<i*
Sameissaidthatknowledgearisesinthemanaftertheattenuationofevildeeds
il -- '+xEVxSi {{SS* xIh Vi { MxnJ i&**
Soalsowithouttheexhaustionofaggregationofevilsaccruedovercountlessbirths
(and)lives,doesntarisetheinclinationtowardstheLordinthemindoftheman
Vxxi i{vxv&* xh Ih{{x Eh H& |Vi ' <i*
(Thattoo)afterthousandsofbirths,accompaniedbypenance,studyofscriptures,
thedevotiontoLordKrishnadoesariseinthepeopleofattenuatedsins.
il SH Mi

AndsosaystheLord
'+xEVxrii i { Mi*
Afterachievingperfectionbymany,manybirths(ofpractice),oneattainsthe
supremegoal
i{%vE M Yx%{ i%vE&** ESvE M itM Vx'<i*
"AMisconsidered(byMe)tobegreaterthantheascetic,greaterthanthe
empiricistandgreaterthanthefruitiveworker.Therefore,OArjuna,inall
circumstances,beaM"
' Ehi& r i x&*
Byadheringtoonesownduties,themanattainsperfection
Exi& r l xni iSUh**
Listenhowoneattainstheperfectionbyengaginginonesduty
i& |kix x n ii* Eh iS r xni x& <i*
That"byworshipoftheLordthroughperforminghisownduty,whoisthesourceof
allbeings(and)whoisallpervading,amancanattainperfection."
il S YC& -AndsosaysYC&
'il{CEh +iYx x I&'<i*
i rk xixiEuh IvxYxx{k&,
Becausefortheonewithpurifiedmindalone,throughthediscriminationof
permanentandimpermanent,therewouldbethepossibilityofattainingLiberation,
iiknvl q h Rx&EIhx iix Eh Si
Therefore,forthepurificationofmind,oneshouldperformalltheduties,involving
speech,mindandbody,thatareprescribedinSritiandSmritiasanofferingtothe
Lord
urk <jMM Mg i*
Tillonesmindbecomespurifiedenoughtobecomedispassionateaboutresultsof
hereandhereafter,andbecomesestablishedin[such]M&
il S Mx
AndsosaystheLord

'+IxM E EhSi'<i,
ThatActionissaidtobethemeansfortheaspirant
'xi n&J{iMi&'<i*
Thatbutbyrenunciation[withoutpurificationofmind],itisdifficulttoattainM&
i IhH
Itscharacteristicsare(also)mentioned.
'n xxpl x ExVVi*
For,asonelosesinterestinthesenseobjectsandattachmentto(resultsof)actions
E{x MfinSi'<i*
SuchapersonwhohasrenouncedtheresultsofallactionissaidtohavegainedM&
i {x Ynxnx rk <jMM Mf i,
Butagain,hewhohaspurifiedhismindlikethis,bytheperformanceofsacrifices,
charityandothers[penanceetc.](and),becomesfreefromtheenjoymentofresults
ofhereandhereafter,becomesanaspirantofM&
i B Eh x E*
Forhim,withdrawalaloneisthemeans,notaction
il SH
Andsoitissaid
'Mf i & EhSi'<i*
ThatfortheonewhoaspirestobecomeM,withdrawalisthemeans
tMf B Eh x E,
BecausefortheonewhoisestablishedinM&,renunciationaloneisthemeans,not
engagmentinaction
iSUnnvx{z& hnxi&
Thereforetheonewhoisendowedwithcontrolonhismindandorgans,engagedin
disciplinessuchash etc.,[xx, xnvx etc.]
'M \Vi iiix li&*
AnaspirantofM& shouldalwaysstrivebystayinginsecludedplace
xiSki iH{O&**

Byrenouncingtheattitudeofanyaccummulation,notexpectinganything,should
engageinspiritualpractice
'El i Mx`x?
HowshouldthenonepracticeofM&?
h
Listen
n ExEnVnVi xxE S xiSUi xixS SVxEk lx
|i`{,
Onaplainground,devoidofpebbles,fire,sand,noise,andwater,conduciveto
mind,clean,neithertoohigh,nortoolow,placingmatofcloth,animalskinorgrass,
shouldsitsteadily
ij{x iE {nx v,
Sittingtherecrossleggedoraslotus
EO vx,
Keepingback,neckandheadinstraightline
nx Gh EEhxH {hix ={i,
Withdrawingthethreemodesstartingwith& [iV&, |Y&]intotheSelfthatisfull
{hix li,
AbidingintheSelfthatisfull
vi{ n {hxxn x\Vx +{x{ xi xinIh
Oneshouldmeditateontheindweller,theeffulgent,absolutebliss,blemishless,
thatwhichhasnotbeginningorend,theBrahman,indicatedbynotthis[notthis]
etc.
+xt{]xnixiiYxixli {ixi*
(Whichis)untouchedbyhungeretc[thirst,painetc.],abidinngintheknowledgethat
iseverpresent,intheSupremeself,chantingOm
il SH hb{h EMi
AndsosaidinEMi ofhb{h
'iuI E |ix n&JuH i x*
ThereforeputfortheffortforLiberation,bywhichmayyoubecomefreedfromthe
sorrows

$ x { |vxxxnj |h V'<i*
WorshipthatBrahman,[thatisthesubstratumevenfortheconceptof]void,the
primordialnature,purebliss,thecosmicsound
B \Vx nix {iix n IVVxi,
ThuseverengagingoneselfintheSupremeSelfalone,asonecomestorealize
directly
in xiYxiiE iE& EiEi i*
Thenonebecomesfreefromsorrows,selffullfilled,havingeliminatedtheignorance
anditseffects

il S nhE
AndsoalsoinnhE

'+ix SuVxni {&* ESUxE E x Vi'<i*

Thatifoneknowsthisselfisme,forwhatdesireandforwhosesakedoesheexert
oneself?
il S <
Andsoalsoin<

'xh ix +iuVxi&* ij E & E& E BEix{i& <i*

HewhoknowsthatSelfalonemanifestsasallthebeings,andseesunbroken
unformity,thenhowcantherebedelusionorsorrow?
il S E`
AndsoalsoinE`
'i nn Mfx|] Mi M` {h* +viMvMx n i v E Vi
Havingrealizedbythespiritualpractice,thatonewhichisdifficulttorealize,secret,
whichhaspervades(everything),residesthecavityofheart,ancient,effulgent,the
wiseovercomebohsorrowandhappiness
'xS i iJi|Si'<i*
ThatHavingworshipped,onewouldbeliberatedfromthejawsofdeath
'+xxn h ux, x i EiSx'<i*
ThatWisebyknowingtheBrahman,thatisBliss,doesnotfearanythinng

'ti nOxlUtxi &* Ixi S Eh ixo] { '*

Knotsofheartwillbebroken,allmisgivingswillberesolved,allhis(accummulated)
E willbeexhausted,fortheonewhoisfocussedontheonewhichisthe
substratumofall
il S Mx
AndsoalsotheLordsays
'+H%Sxi%E%Si* in nix xxSi'
Itissaidtobeunmanifest,unthinkable,thatwhichdoesnotundergomodification,
therefore,havingrealizedthis,onedoesnotbecomesorrowful

'Binnv rxiEiEiS i'<i*

ThatOArjuna,havingknownthis,thewisemanbecomesselffulfilled
il S EMi
AndsoalsoinEMi
'+ix& Eih x i EiSx* i& ExhnlxEini**
Fortheone[whohasrealized]whoovercamesorrow,onedoesnotfearanything,
(even)onsetofdeath,orfearcausedbyothers
x Vi x i x v x S PiE&*
Itisnotborn,nordies,norcanbekilled,andnorcanbehurt

x r rE x H x S In&**
Itisnotbound,norcausestobebound,neitherliberatednorliberates!
{& {i ki%xnSS ii*
Thisindweller,supremeself,andthatwhichisothenthanItisunreal
+Yx{ xz SUz i **
Breakingthebindsofignorance,cuttingasunderthesuprememisperception
S Eh nMv V S Vxx*
Burningawaythethicketofgoodandevilandthecauseofbirth
|i {xxn iuh& { {n <i*
Thathegainsthesupremebliss,thatwhichisallpervading,supremeabode
il S Mxx& --

AndsosaysMxx& --
'{ SiiYx { i* invO tx |{i i ii&'
Evenofall(knowledges),thisknowledgeoftheSelfissaidtobethesupreme,itis
theforemostamongtheknowledges,foronegainsImmortalitybyIt

'Bir Vx h i&*
Thataloneisthefulfilmentofbeingbornasbrahmanaparticularly
|{iiEiEi uV i xxl <i kuYxn {{l|{i&,
For,havinggainedtheselffulfilment,oneconsideredreborn,nototherwise,
becauseofitsknowledgealonethereissupremefulfilmentofaman
ik S {ix {hxxniix Vxi '+'<i;
Andtherefore,oneshouldknowthatsupremeself,absoluteblissasonesoneself
thatIam(It)
x ESnxSSxii*
(And)shouldnotthinkofanythingelse(duringmeditation)
il S i& -Andsoalsothisscripture
'i v Y |Y Ei h&* xxvn\nxS M{x ii'<i*
Wiseman,havingknownthatalone,engagesinspiritualdisciplines,without
indulgingintoomuchtalk,sinceitjustfatiguesthemouth!
'iE Vxlixx S \Sl'<i*
Knowthatone,selfalone,desistfromother(unnecessary)talk
'BiVY xiil xi& { ni ESi'<i*
Thiseternal,indwelleristobeknown,forthereisnothingelsetobeknown
il S Mxn& -AndsoalsotheMxn&
'E{|xEiCi xi&* xxpO x xii&** x& x{nnv viMi*
+il x& Ei x ESn{ Sxii'<i*
Thathavinggivenupallthedesiresarisingbythinking(aboutobjects)withoutany
trace,havingcontrolledthemindandtheassemblazeoforganscompletely,slowly

andslowlymindhastoberesolutelywithdrawn,(andthus)havingplacedthemind
intheSelf,shouldnotthinkofanythingelse
B |RMijl& I{i& |ni&**
Bythisdiscussion,themeaningofallthescripturesisbrieflypresented.

+lnx |Eix& -Nowwewillexpoundthetopicunderconsideration

i|n B xlV ii|n i , x *
SincethelackofconstantawarenessofSelfaloneistherootcauseofallevils,
thereforeIsaythatlackofconstantawarenessofSelfisthedeath,not&
i {x& BE lxv& +tf& iiEh ui {xi i
Againsome,whoperceivethedualityasdistinctfromtheSelf,i.e.,thoseconsumed
bythepoisonofsenseobjects(consider)LordYamaasdeath

+i Hxi& |nJi +x ixi i +&

ConsidertheLordYama,whoisotherthanwhatIsaidasdeath,viz.,thelackof
constantawarenessofSelf,asdeath

+i +ix r ii& i*
Thatwhichresidesintheintellectis+i&
il S x& -Andsosaysx&
' i V i n li&* ix Snni MRM ExM& ' <i*
TheLordYama,theruler,i& whoresidesinthisheart,withouthisknowledge
+i +hvh S h ii h x`il&*
Immortal,ofthenatureofImmortality,revellinginonesownselfthatisBrahmanis
S,i.e.,firmabidenceinBrahman.
i E`
InKathopanishat(too)itissaid
'Ei nn n nx Yxi'<i*
WhootherthanmecanknowthatDeitywhoisjoyfulandjoyless
ES, {iE Vxi n&*
MoreoverintheworldofManes,theEffulgent(Self)rulesthekingdom

Elxi?
Howdotheyrule?
& J|n& x {hEh, +& +J|n& +x {{Eh**
Bestowshappinesstothevirtuous(and)isilldisposedtotheevildoers.

B ii '|n i '<i i& { xvi*

Thusassuch,lackofconstantabidenceinBrahmanindeedisdeathisthus
establishedasthenatureofdeath
+lnx i Eixlx ni --
NowfurtherHeshowstheflimsinessoftheeffects[Theworldisaneffectoutof
Brahman]
iE ii%x&
+i S*
{iE Vxi n&
& x%x**
i{i; il{ x Ixi&* Ei? & |nJ i& +Yx B, Iuxiii* il
+Yx xii i 'x Snnxi x]&' <i* nhE |nJYx Ixii ni
-- 'i i Vii' <i* i|n B IixlV, iz |ti
Sinxxnuixi`i <il&* il SYx xvii Yx IiiH Mi -- '+Yxxi
Yx ix xi Vxi&' <i* i|n B i& +|n%ii, +i B x Ev x{ E|{;
xirii, xi|{iiSS* il S i& -- 'B xi h x Eh vi x Exx* i
i{nk ni x {i Eh {{Ex' <i* il -- 'i nii ii xx& {xl ti%x'
'i v Y |Y Ei h& <i Yx Ivxi ni* il -- 'x SI Mi x{ S
xxni{ Eh * Yx|nx rkiii i {i xE vx&' <i* Ii S Mx
Yx Ivxi -- - '+xixi& Ij i Vxi E\Vx& Eh xix' <i, 'B i Vx ni
Yxx i`z i i&' <i S* il S Iv -- 'Eh vi Vxit S Si* iiE x Exi
i& {nx&' <i* 'Yx ] x il Y Yxx nM ii x Y&' <i S* il S Yx Ivxi
xx& E{iM Mx nS x& -- 'lHx{ Eh {{ uVk&* +iYx S
un S ixx' <i* il Mx{&- 'Yx i E M{M|n* inn Yx
Evx** Yi |ixx i o S* BE& jM i ESijE&** +xxn x xi&
niiJnx* Bin { YxixI%xMi** BiiE S hi&* +iii{ ik
iz`ii{h&** MSUxi ix i ii&' <i* xx B Sk Eh xx`x? x
xx`x, Ei Yxx +xx`x* il S Mxn& -- 'iii nii{iS x&*
+ix S i]i E x ti' <i* il S hb{h E& -- 'Et xSvxx E
ElxiS JV&* |h {x V& |hx Vi S ' <i* il S Sh{xi - - 'El v ' <i* il S nhE n& Ex ni -- 'Bir ii{ u& |V x
Exi E |V E x%i E <i i {jhS khS EhS
ill IS Sxi <i* il RM -- 'Yxix i{i EiEi Mx&* xi ESiEi Sz
iki ' <i* il S +lh i& -- 'xiuuxh v x xvi vx nE& ' <i*

Ex ix`x? +Yxx +Ih Eh n +x`x; x Yxx* il S Mx -'E%xuv x` { |H xP* YxMx Jx EMx Mx ' <i '+IxM E
EhSi* Mf i & EhSi ' <i S* il S Mxiii& -- 'ul {xlx j
n& |i`i&* |kIh v xk S li& ' <i**
xxIh{ Eh xx`x, Eh xviii* il SH -- 'Eh vi Vxit S Si '
<i* i, il{ <li x{Ix`xx x xvix* il SH Mi -- 'YliEh%xj
E% Exvx&* inl E Exi HRM& S ' <i* El i ix`x? knvli &*
il SH Mi -- 'Ex x r Exp{* Mx& E Exi RM iCiir ' <i, 'Y
nx i{S {xx xh ' <i, 'MiRM H YxliSi&* YSi& E O |i '
<i S* il S -- 'E{H& Eh Yx i { Mi&* E E& {C ii Yx |ii ' <i* xx Eh{
Iii i -- 't St S iun ' <i 'Ez Eh VVSUi & ' <i S* il S
x& -- 'i{ t S | x&E = ' <i* xii, {{xxvxxxvx% &* il -- 't
St S iun ' <iCi '+t i ii tixi ' <i ttzix
SS& i ni&* <l {]x Mxx& -- 'i{ t S | x&E = ' <iH
SSRE ni 'i{ E xi tixi ' <i i{ xixkEIh Eh&
+xi&Ehr xM nix* il '<n ' <i ixjiCi inii
ixji {iiqxx Eil vxi{i& 'ix iHx \Vl& ' <i iMxi{{xCi
+ininx& Ex i +i{{xiRC -- 'Ez Eh VVSUi &* B i
xxli%i x E {i x ' <i* Bi i xjxxY +txkk{Pxi
Ez n VV E VVniY xjxx& rl VV Eh ni* +i B{
C& rvxiMi, x Ivxi* n{H -- 'ixi i{hEkVS ' <i SniSS%Mi <i -- in{ |rixMxh Vi* il S +xMi {] Mx
Eh rrh Ivxi -- 'xixkE& r& RMVi&* kr{l Mf i**
Mfii i iuh& { {n* MCi S vi S vCi ix S* hCi S ii
Yxi{ti%* ir{ i niCxi&* Ex xiEh lH rx** x {
+t n {ix* rk i MfS Vi <i* Ii S Mx xiVi& ruh
Ivxi -- 'inlH i{ Eh i {h{i ux* {hx {{ xi {Si Vi
Yxn{ii ' 'Yxx Six{i ux ' <i* xx El kruh Ivxi? x{ kr
Yxx I& vi* i* Yxx I& vi; Ei in Yx kr x xi{ti <i &* il
SH -- 'Yxi{ti { Ii{{ Eh& ' <i* il -- '+xEVxSi {{SS* xIh Vi {
MxnJ i&** Vxxi i{vxv&* xh Ih{{x Eh H& |Vi ' <i* il SH
Mi -- '+xEVxrii i { Mi* i{%vE M Yx%{ i%vE&** ESvE
M itM Vx ' <i* ' Ehi& r i x&* Exi& r l xni iSUh**
i& |kix x n ii* Eh iS r xni x& <i* il S YC& -'il{CEh +iYx x I& ' <i* i rk xixiEuh IvxYxx{k&,
iiknvl q h Rx&EIhx iix Eh Si urk
<jMM Mg i* il S Mx -- '+IxM E EhSi ' <i, 'xi
n&J{iMi& ' <i* i IhH -- 'n xxpl x ExVVi* E{x
MfinSi ' <i* i {x Ynxnx rk <jMM Mf i, i B
Eh x E* il SH -- 'Mf i & EhSi ' <i* tMf B Eh x E,
iSUnnvx{z& hnxi& 'M \Vi iiix li&* xiSki
iH{O&** 'El i Mx`x? h -- n ExEnVnVi xxE S
xiSUi xixS SVxEk lx |i`{, ij{x iE {n#x v,
EO vx, nx Gh EEhxH {hix ={i, {hix li, vi{ n

{hxxn x\Vx +{x{ xi xinIh +xt{]xnixiiYxixli

{ixi* il SH hb{h EMi -- 'iuI E |ix n&JuH i x* $
x { |vxxxnj |h V ' <i* B \Vx nix {iix n IVVxi, in
xiYxiiE iE& EiEi i* il S nhE -- '+ix SuVxni {&*
ESUxE E x Vi ' <i* il S < -- 'xh ix +iuVxi&* ij E
& E& E BEix{i& <i* il S E` -- 'i nn Mfx|] Mi M` {h*
+viMvMx n i v E Vi 'xS i iJi|Si ' <i* '+xxn h ux, x
i EiSx ' <i* 'ti nOxlUtxi &* Ixi S Eh ixo] { '* il S
Mx -- '+H%Sxi%E%Si* in nix xxSi ' 'Binnv
rxiEiEiS i ' <i* il S EMi -- '+ix& Eih x i EiSx* i&
ExhnlxEini** x Vi x i x v x S PiE&* x r rE x H x S
In&** {& {i ki%xnSS ii* +Yx{ xz SUz i ** S Eh nMv V
S Vxx* |i {xxn iuh& { {n <i* il S Mxx& -- '{ SiiYx { i*
invO tx |{i i ii& ' 'Bir Vx h i&* |{iiEiEi uV i
xxl <i kuYxn {{l|{i&, ik S {ix {hxxniix Vxi '+ ' <i;
x ESnxSSxii* il S i& -- 'i v Y |Y Ei h&* xxvn\nxS M{x
ii ' <i* 'iE Vxlixx S \Sl ' <i* 'BiVY xiil xi& { ni ESi '
<i* il S Mxn& -- 'E{|xEiCi xi&* xxpO x xii&** x&
x{nnv viMi* +il x& Ei x ESn{ Sxii ' <i* B |RMijl& I{i&
|ni&**
+lnx |Eix& -- i|n B xlV ii|n i , x * i {x& BE
lxv& +tf& iiEh ui {xi i +i Hxi& |nJi +x ixi
i +& +i +ix r ii& i* il S x& -- ' i V i n
li&* ix Snni MRM ExM& ' <i* +i +hvh S h ii h
x`il&* i E` -- 'Ei nn n nx Yxi ' <i* ES, {iE Vxi
n&* Elxi? & J|n& x {hEh, +& +J|n& +x {{Eh**
B ii '|n i ' <i i& { xvi* +lnx i Eixlx ni -+n x&i xh
Gv& |n {S i&*
+Mix SxMx
x Six M{i ESi** 7**
+i =B =Thisx&i =developsxh =inhumansGv& =wrath|n& =inadvetance
{& =intheformdelutionS =andi& =death+Mix =personifiedasegoB =
indeedSx =goingaboutMx =indeviouswaysx =doesnotS =and+ix& =with
theSelfM =union={i =attains ESi =anyone

+i B |n& i& xh x&i Gv& {& S +Mix B Mx Sx S ESi +ix& M x

={i*

Thisdeath,developsinmenintheformofanger,inadvertence(aboutonestrue
nature),anddelutionfromtheego,Pursuingdeviouspathsbyidentificationwith
ego,onedoesnotattaintheunionwiththeSelf.
& |nJ& +Yxi& |lix {hi*
Thatwhichknownasinadvertance(aboutonestruenature),theignorancethatis
thedeath,firstmanifestsitselfintheformofego.

+& +xiE%E&*
+& meansembodimentofidentificationortheego.
il SH -- 'lI{Mnvixi*
Anditissosaidin
+ <iSi P E Mh x' <i*
Itiscalled+&

BEix li ii%Ei x&i xMSUi Eix*

Thushavingmanifestedasego,thenfromthategoitsproutsintheformofdesire
[SUxEMx justaddssomestagesnotmentionedintheverse].

ii& E& |ix& |ii& Gv& |n {S i*

Then(any)hindrancetothepursuitofthedesirebecomeswrath,theinadvertancein
theformofdelusion.

ii& +Mix +{{zxEtix +lixYxx ini{z&

Thenbeingidentifiedwiththeego,establishedasignorantselfandsolidifiedinto
that(identification),

'h% Ij% E% l% + {j% x{i' <iiE& Munxi&

ThusfeelsIamBrahmin,Iamkingslyperson,Iamlean,Iamfat,Iamhisson,
daughter,endowedwithlikes(and)dislikes

Sx Mx ii{iMx x Six& {ix M vIh ={i ESn{*

Pursuingdeviousgoals,thepathsopposedtoscripturesandtraditions,anddoesnot
attaintheunitywiththeSupremeSelf,characterizedbyabsorption,evenalittlebit.

+l, +tEEh |VEix*

Or(itmaymean,onegetsengaged)inthedesirepromptedactionscharacterizedby
ignorancethatarethecauseoftransmigratoryexistence,

{j i& i & <ixxOhxlOhiE +tH;

Whatwasearlierexplainedasdelusion,i.e.,thedeathiscalledignorance,i.e.,non
perception(ofrealityand)misperception(offalsehood)

=kj En <i E Ii*

Subsequently,hewilltalkofactionasinEn <i

+lnx E%vi
Hereitiscalledasdesire.

+xi I{xi%xx |hx <i& E&*

Bywhichoneisthrown,pushedintothetransmigratoryexistenceis +&,thedesire

+l, +n VMvii*
Or,likemouth,itdevors(catches?)everything

il SH Mi -- 'E B Gv B& ' <i*

AndsoitissaidbytheLord,Thisdesire,thiswrath

B iix Eix li ii& Gvix {hi*

Thisdeath,havingtakenrootasdesirethentransformsintoanger.

=H S -- 'EiGv%Vi ' <i*

Anditissaidsoinfromdesirerisestheanger

ii& +Mix +E{zxYxx +EEEfx Snx SxMx

Then,bytheignorantpersonifiedasego,carriedawaybythelikesanddislikes,the
reflectedconsciousness,goesaboutindeviousways
x Six M{i ESi**
DoesnotgainM& atall.
ES

+n x&i xh
Gv& |n {S i&*
+Mix SxMx
x Six M{i ESi**
& |nJ& +Yxi& |lix {hi* +& +xiE%E&* il SH -'lI{Mnvixi* + <iSi P E Mh x' <i* BEix li
ii%Ei x&i xMSUi Eix* ii& E& |ix& |ii& Gv& |n {S i*

ii& +Mix +{{zxEtix +lixYxx ini{z& 'h% Ij% E% l%

+ {j% x{i ' <iiE Munxi& Sx Mx ii{iMx x Six& {ix
M vIh ={i ESn{* +l, +tEEh |VEix* {j i& i &
<ixxOhxlOhiE +tH; =kj En <i E Ii* +lnx E%vi -- +xi
I{xi%xx |hx <i& E&* +l, +n VMvii* il SH Mi -- 'E B Gv
B&' <i* B iix Eix li ii& Gvix {hi* =H S -- 'EiGv%Vi ' <i*
ii& +Mix +E{zxYxx +EEEfx Snx SxMz Six M{i ESi**
ES
i iiu ix
<i& |iij {x& {ixi*
iii n +x {{xi
+i i hn{i** 8**
.

i =theyi& =beingdeludedii =that =undertheinfluenceofix& =staying

<i& =fromhere|i& =departedij =there{x& =again{ixi =fallii& =theni =they
n& =senses+x =around{{xi =turnback+i& =theni =deathhi =from
death+{i =gets
i i& ii ix& <i& |i& ij {x& {ixi ii& i n& +x {{xi +i& hi i +{i**
Thosewhoaredeludedbyit(egoleadingtodelution,and)whoremainunderits
influence,departfromthis(world),(from)thereagainfalldown(backtothisworld).
Then(whenheisabouttodie)thesensesgatheraroundthem.Thenheundergoes
deathafterdeath.
ix +En{h {hiYxx i i& nni{ni&
Bythat,theignorancemorphedintotheformsofegoetc.[desire,angeretc.],they
getdeluded,i.e.,identifywithbodyetc.[mind,intellectetc]
iu +Etix {hi|nJi ix
Beingundertheinfluencethatdeathnamedinadvertence(aboutonestruenature)
morphedintoegoetc.[desire,angeretc.]
<i& +i |i vnMh Mi
Havingdepartedfromhereintheformofsmokeetc.

ij {E i{ii
There,intheotherworld,havinglivedtilltheresidue(of{h)lasts

{x& +E]zChinGh nOh {ixi x{ixi*

Again,theyfallbyassumingabody,graduallythroughether,air,rain,crop,food,
semenetc.[blood,bonesetc.],
i S -- 'ixi{iilivx {xxixi' <i*
AndsowehearHavinglivedtheretillresidue,thenherealonetheyreturnback

ii& +xxi {x& nOhl i n <xph +xi Eh { xii {xi xii& {ixi <il&*
Afterwardsagain,inthestateofhavingassumedthebody,theyfollowthe(dictates
oftheir)senseswiththeiractionsallaround.Thisisthemeaning.

+i& +iEhnxpMhxhi i h i*
Therefore,becauseofthatreasonofgoingby(thedictatesoftheir)senses,theydie.

ii hi Vxxi +{i ii i*
Fromthatdeath,afterbeingreborn,theygetdeath(again).

B Vxxh|xvvf x EnSuSi <il&*

Thuswellentangledinthebondageofbirthanddeath(cycle),theyneverget
liberated.Thisisthemeaning.
+iYxxkii
Transmigrationisduetolackofknowledgeoftheself.

i {ixiix Iz Vxi
AslongastheydontrealizetheSelftobenoneotherthantheSupremeSelf,

in i{ji En Mniii& Eh& x& zi`i <il&**

Tillthentheyarestuckintransmigrationbesiegedwiththisthreefoldaffliction,
beingkickedhithertothitherbylikesetc(dislikesetc)likeacrocodile[hadtostay
withintheconfinesofthewater],getdeluded
B intE& xviii*
Thusititispointedoutthattheignoranceanddesirearethecausesofbondage.

+lnx Eh xvii
Thecauseofbondageduetoactionsisnowbeingmentioned.
i iiu ix
<i& |iij {x& {ixi*
iii n +x {{xi
+i i hn{i**

ix +En{h {hiYxx i i& nni{ni& iu +Etix {hi|nJi

ix <i& +i |i vnMh Mi ij {E i{ii {x&
+E]zChinGh nOh {ixi x{ixi* i S -'ixi{iilivx {xxixi ' <i* ii& +xxi {x& nOhl i n <xph +xi
Eh { xii {xi xii& {ixi <il&* +i& +iEhnxpMhxhi i h i* ii
hi Vxxi +{i ii i* B Vxxh|xvvf x EnSuSi <il&*
+iYxxkii i {ixiix Iz Vxi in i{ji En
Mniii& Eh& x& zi`i <il&** B intE& xviii*
+lnx Eh xvii
En ExM&
ijxxi x ixi i*
nlMxMixii
|ii MMx n** 9**
E& =action=n =fromtheverystartE =resultsofaction+xM& =getting
attachedtoij =them+xxi =followx =donotixi =overcomei =death
nlM =beingonewiththeReality+xMi =duetonotunderstandingxii =in
everyway|ii =goaboutMMx =withattachmenttopleasuresn =the
embodied
E& =n E +xM& ij +xxi, i x ixi, n nlM +xMi xii MMx |ii**
Fromtheverybeginningoftheaction,gettingattachedtothefruitsofaction,they
followafterthem(resultsofaction)andfailtoovercomethedeath.(And)the
embodied(self),becauseofnotunderstandingunitywiththeRealentity,proceeds
onalloutwithattachmenttoenjoyments.
+i& Eh ESi <i
Thathowcanonebecomeimmortalbyaction?
Eh +ii ii xixi{xi, izEi
Whathasbeenarguedbyotherschoolsofthoughtthatimmortalitycanbegainedby
action,thatisnegated(now)

x E Eh +ii i,
Immortalitycantbegainedbyactionalone.

+{ i En Ehi{k ExM& xi& ij ixE +xxi*

Eventhen,atthedawnofaction,astheactionstarts,beingattachedtotheresultsof
action,atthattimetheyfollowtheresultsofaction

kjxxi, +i x ixi i
Becausetheyfocus(onresults)fromthenitself[fromtheverystartofactionitself],
theydontovercomethedeath

{x& {x& VxxhiE {ixi <il&*

Inotherwords,getcaughtinthecycleoftransmigration,characterizedbybirthand
deathagainandagain

Ei{x& En ExM& ij {ixi?

Whydotheygetcaughtintheattachmenttoresultsofactionfromthevery
beginningitself?

nlMxMi nlx M& nlM& {ix M&

UnitywiththeReality,identitywiththeSupremeSelf

i nlM BEi +xMi ixSnxxnuixMnil&*

BecauseofnonapprehensionofunitywiththeReality,Oneness,i.e.,becauseofnot
understandingthatoneisconsciousness,knowledgeandblissofthenondual
Brahman

xii xii& |ii MMx nv n*

Theembodiedchasesafterwithattachmenttopleasuresineveryway,i.e.,withthe
longingforsenseobjects

l xv xxziEh]Eln {i
For,justasblindroamsaboutinanunevengroundfullofthorns[i.e.,justasablind,
thoughsuffering,cantgetoutoftheunevengroundfullofthorns]
B{ Ex& j JERI {i**
Inthesameway,theonedevoiddiscriminationgetscaughtinlookingforpleasures
inthesenseobjectsalways
ES
Moreover
En ExM&
ijxxi x ixi i*
nlMxMixii
|ii MMx n**
+i& Eh ESi <i Eh +ii ii xixi{xi, izEi -- x E Eh +ii
i, +{ i En Ehi{k ExM& xi& ij ixE +xxi* kjxxi, +i x

ixi i {x& {x& VxxhiE {ixi <il&* Ei{x& En ExM& ij {ixi?

nlMxMi nlx M& nlM& {ix M& i nlM BEi +xMi
ixSnxxnuixMnil&* xii xii& |ii MMx nv n* l xv
xxziEh]Eln {i B{ Ex& j JERI {i**
ES
iu xxph
llM% Mi xi*
llMixii
z{i xxii** 10**

ii =that =indeedx =etremelydeceptive<xph =senseorgansllM& =

beingattachedtofalsehoodoftheobjects+ =hisMi& =pursuits =forxi =for
everllM =atthachmenttofalsehoodoftheobjects+i =annihilated+xii =
innerselfx =remembering={i =worshipsx =objectsxii =completely
ii x <xph llM& + Mi& xi llM +i +xii x x xii
={i**
That[indulgenceinsensepleasures]verily,isthegreatsourceofdelusiontothe
senses;forhistransmigrationis(rendered)inevitableby(onesengaging)contact
withunrealentities.Becauseofhavinghisinnerselfcontaminatedbycontactwith
unrealentities,hedevoteshimselftoobjectsofsenseonallfronts,ponderingon
them(only).
pMi <xph ix ii x*
Thatwhichistheprevelenceofstrongattachmentofthesensesto(theirrespective)
objects(itself)is x
BinH i
Thisiswhatismeant[Theproseorderofthisverseisalittlehardtofollow.So
SUxEMx isasifaskingustotakebreathSoHegivesthefullimportfirst
beforegettingintotheproseorder]

+ir& ixph x |ixi*

Hewhoseintellectknows(andentertains)thenotionofunrealityofobjects[hence
theword ll& isused],doesnotgetattractedtotheobjects.
i |ki |iMix |k&, iiS xxk&*
Becauseofhisnonattachmenttotheobjects,hegetsdrawnonlytotheinnerself,
andhencethecessationofdelusion.


ir& ixph {Mi |kii
Hewhoseintellectentertainsthenotionofrealityofobjects,becausehissensesare
drawntotheextravertobjects

x < nui |iMi {ixiix IVVxi*

Hewillnotknowthenondualreality,theinnerbeing,theSupremeSelfwhichis
nothingbuthisownself

il SH
Andsoitissaid

'j{hb{EEEiSi xv x Vxxi' <i*

Thatthemindsulliedbyassociationwithwoment[i.e.,pleasures],andfood,blinded
bythepoisonofsenseobjectscantknowBrahman.

iiS x
Andhencethestrongattachmentofthesensesto(theirrespective)objects

{x& {x& |k&*

i.e.,againandagaingetsdrawntotheobjects.

il S Mxx& -AndsoalsotheLordManusays
'x Vi E& Ex{Mx i* Ehi Bvi' <i*
Thateverdothedesiresgetsatiatedbyindulgence(butintensify)justasfiregets
moreintensifiedbythefuel

iiS llt{E{i& nn& M i;

Andtherefore,getsattachedtothefalseobjects,i.e.,conjuredthosebythe
ignorance,(suchas)soundetc(touch,formetc)
ix llM + nx Mi& Mi& xi xi*
Thereliesordainedishis,oftheembodied,transmigratoryfate,inthatattachment
tothefalseobjects

|r ii
Forthisisverywellknown

ii {ixxM |ix& {MiiMnx |{xxii*

Thatonewithoutknowingoneselfasthesupremeself,indulgingintheextravert
senseobjects,getsentrappedinthewombsofbirdsetc.[animals,insectsetc.]

il S Sh{xi
Andso(says) Sh{xi
' i <& |Vi%iixx RMMvS{n& ' <i*
Thatindeedthesepeoplewhoovercomethedelusionofthree(guna)ofmaya,
those,thesebirds,limp,cow,ofpeople

Ii S -- 'Ex {& Exx xi ' <i*

Andheisgoingtosaythatonegoingafterdesiresperishesalongwiththedesired
objects[i.e,bothobjectsandtheirpursuerperish]

Ei{x& llM% Mi xi <i?

Whythenthatthefateofpursueroffalsehoodordainedintransmigration?

ij -- llMixii <i*
Forthathesaysthatonegetscontaminatedduetotheattachmenttothefalsehood
ofobjects

liMx +ixii +iEi& x jnx ix ={i,

DeprivedofbeingpreeminentidentityoftheselfwithBrahman,duetothe
associationwiththefalsehoodoftheobjects,broodingoverwomenetc.[sense
pleasuresetc],getsengrossedinthemonly.

x {ix
(But)notintheSupremeSelf,

xii xii&**
Inallrespects

ii& Ei Si ij ni ii h
Thenwhydoesonebecomelikethat?Listen
iu xxph
llM% Mi xi*
llMixii
z{i xxii**

pMi <xph ix ii x* BinH i -- +ir& ixph

x |ixi* i |ki |iMix |k&, iiS xxk&* ir&
ixph {Mi |kii x < nui |iMi {ixiix IVVxi* il SH
-- 'j{hb{EEEiSi xv x Vxxi' <i* iiS x {x& {x& |k&* il
S Mxx& -- 'x Vi E& Ex{Mx i* Ehi Bvi' <i* iiS
llt{E{i& nn& M i; ix llM + nx Mi& Mi& xi xi*
|r ii -- ii {ixxM |ix& {MiiMnx |{xxii* il S
Sh{xi -- ' i <& |Vi%iixx RMMvS{n& ' <i* Ii S - 'Ex {& Exx xi' <i* Ei{x& llM% Mi xi <i? ij -llMixii <i* liMx +ixii +iEi& x
jnx ix ={i, x {ix xii xii&**
ii& Ei Si ij ni ii h
+v |l xi Sx
EGv M Sx i {Si*
Bi xi |{xi
vi vh ixi i** 11**
+v =brooding(overobjects) =indeed|l =firstxi =deprivesS =andBx =him
EGv =desireandangerM =gettingholdS =andBx =himi =but{Si =
afterwardsBi =thosex =immatureonesi =tothedeath|{xi =leadsv& =
determinedi =butvh =withcourageixi =overcomei =thedeath
+v |l Bx S xi {Si i EGv Bx S M Bi x i |{xi i v& vh i
ixi**
(That)pondering,verily,firstruinshimandsoonfollowsthedesireandwrath,taking
himhostage.Theseleadtheimmaturetothedeath.Butwisemenovercomethe
deathbytheirstrength.
+v vx |l xi xi {i|Si Ei*
Brooding(oversenseobjects)firstdeprives,destroys,i.e.,dislodgesonefromones
owntruebeing.

ii vxi Bx xv Q |M ES xi,
Then,entrappinghim,theonesmittenbybroodingoverobjects,atonceinthehold
ofobjects,thedesiresmiteshim

ii& Eix |M GvS xi*

Then,theangersmitestheone[already]smittenbydesire

ii Bi +vn& ixvEGv Mix x Exxfx i |{xi |I{xi*

Thenthesebroodingetc.[desire,angeretc.]pushtheimmatureone,theone(who
has)goneastraywithbrooding,desireandanger,theonedevoidofdiscrimination,
thefool,towardsthedeath.

i S E`
In E` alsoitissaidthat

'{S& Exxxi i ixi ii {*

Theimmatureonesseekaftertheextrovereddesires.They(thedesires)lead(them)
intothetraplaidoutbythedeath

+l v +ii ni ww x |lxi' <i*

Sothewisehavingknown(their)immortality[asagainsttheflimsyobjects],thereal
(thetruth)andtheunreal(theobjects)here(itself),donotseek(objects)

vi {x& vh x Vi {ixiixM ixi i*

Ontheotherhandthewisewithcourage,havingovercome(thedesirefor)the
objects,understandingtheirownselfastheSupremeSelf[i.e,theycomeknow
fullnessoftheirownself,leadingtoindependencefromdesireforobjects],
overcomethedeath.

i S -- 'xS i iJi|Si' <i**

Andsameisheardthatinovercomingthat(desire),theyescapethemouthofthe
death
El {xvi vh x Vi i ixii
Buthowdoesthewisehavingovercomethe(desiresfor)objects,transcendthe
death?Thisisbeinganswered.

+v |l xi Sx
EGv M Sx i {Si*
Bi xi |{xi
vi vh ixi i**
+v vx |l xi xi {i|Si E i* ii vxi Bx xv Q
|M ES xi, ii& Eix |M GvS xi* ii Bi +vn& ixvEGv Mix x
Exxfx i |{xi |I{xi* i S E` -- '{S& Exxxi i ixi ii
{* +l v +ii ni ww x |lxi ' <i* vi {x& vh x Vi
{ixiixM ixi i* i S -- 'xS i iJi|Si' <i**
El {xvi vh x Vi i ixii

%vzi{ihzxi
+xSh|ivx&*
i ik i
ux%xi Ex** 12**
& =hewho+vx =contemplating =i{ihx =risingandfalling(objects) xxi =
destroys +xSh =disregard +|ivx& =withouthostility & =he =indeedi& =
thedeath i&& =thedeath <& =asif +k& =eats i& =havingbeen =indeedB =
like ux =wiseman && =hewho +xi =destroyed < =inthisworld Ex =
desires
& +vx =i{ihx +xSh xxi +|ivx& & i i& < i +k B ux &
+xi < Ex**
Hewhoovercomes(thesenseobjects)byentertainingthethoughts[oftheilleffects
ofsenseindulgence](and)bynotattachinganysignificancetothem(but)without
contempt.Heindeedbecomesasifdeathtodeath(itself,and)swallows(death),for
thewisemanisonewhodestroysdesirecompletelyhere(inthisworlditself).

%vx +xiSn&Jxri Sxix

Hewho,entertainingthethoughtsthat(objects)areimpermanent,impure,afflicted
withsorrow

=i{ihx =i{ii{i {ixiii{ix =i{ih &

Aboutsenseobjects,theonesriseandfall[i.e.,whichhaveabeginningandend]

ix xxi {iVi +xSh +xnh +nxxvnx < +|ivx& {xSxix

Discardingthemwithoutattachinganysignificance,(and)beingindifferentlikethick
skinned,notthinkingaboutthem

{ i{ ii ik i*
Indeedthatpersonlikedeathofdeathitselfeatsdeath

=H S
Soitissaidtoo.
'|i & Ei Ei&*
Hewhowithdrawsfromthesenseswithdiscrimination

iii Ji& uxiiE& ' <i**

Thatheisdeathtodeath(itself),thatpersonisthewiseman,theknower

Bxin{h uxxnnx +xi Ex*

Thusthewisemantrouncesthedesiresbyknowingtheirimpermanence(and)
treatingthemwithoutanysignificance

i {xxnnx xxi E Eii

Buthewhoagaindoesnotovercomebyattachingnosignificance(toobjects),what
doeshedo?Thisisbeingsaid.
%vzi{ihzxi
+xSh|ivx&*
i ik i
ux%xi Ex**
%vx +xiSn&Jxri Sxix =i{ihx =i{ii{i {ixiii{ix =i{ih & ix
xxi {iVi +xSh +xnh +nxxvnx < +|ivx& {xSxix { i{
ii ik i* =H S -'|i & Ei Ei&* iii Ji& uxiiE& ' <i**
Bxin{h uxxnnx +xi Ex* i {xxnnx xxi E Eii
Ex {& Exx xi*
Exn vxi iESi{ V&** 13**
Ex =onewhopursuesdesires {& =personEx =desires+x =followsxi
=willperishEx =desiresn =gettingridofvxi =cleansesi =whateverESi =
little{& =personV& =impurities
Ex {& Ex +x xi {& Ex n i ESi V& vxi **
Thepersonwhopursuesdesires,perishes(inpursuing)afterthedesires.
(But)hewhocastingawaydesires,getsridofalltaintwhatever.
i {xvxx Ex i
Butagainhewhogoesafterthesensepleasuresbybroodingoverthem

Exx xi E x] Exx E& xi,

Heperishes(inpursuing)afterthedesires.Withthedestroyaloftheobjectofdesire,
perishesalongwiththeobjectofdesire

+xi& EMh& |iIh xxi&,

Impermanentaretheobjectsofdesire,fraughtwithmomentaryexistence


iuiE h i*
Thusthedesirerbecomesshattered.

i {xnnxx Ex{iVi
Butagainhewhorenouncesthedesiresbyseeing(their)detrimentalaspects

Exn {iV vxi Env vi

Hebyrenouncingthedesires,destroysbydiscrimination

iESi < Vxx Vxxi ={Vi V& {h{{nIh E**

Whateverimpuriesgatheredhereinthisbirthortheearlierbirths,i.e,thedeeds
characterizedbygoodandevil
El {x n Ex iiRC
Howagainwhyshouldabandondesiremonering?Thisisbeinganswered.
Ex {& Exx xi*
Exn vxi iESi{ V&**
i {xvxx Ex i Exx xi E x] Exx E& xi, +xi&
EMh& |iIh xxi&, iuiE h i* i {xnnxx Ex{iVi Exn
{iV vxi Env vi iESi < Vxx Vxxi ={Vi V& {h{{nIh E**
El {x n Ex iiRC
n%|E ix xE% |oi*
Mvxi B vxi MSUxi& xJ&** 14**
n& =body+|E& =ignorantix =ofbeingsxE& =hell+ =this|oi =appears
Mvxi =avariciousB =onlyvxi =chaseMSUxi& =headintoxJ& =ditch
+ +|E& n& ix xE& |oi Mvxi B vxi MSUxi& xJ&**
Thisbody,voidofenlightenmentseems(like)ahellfor(all)beings.Thosewhoare
avariciousrunaboutgoingstraighttoaditch.
& + ix n oi & +|E& i%Srx& E xE& C{Ghj{{hii*
Hethebodyofthesebeingswhoareingnorantappearsaveritablehellbecauseitis
brimmingwithmucus,blood,pus,insectsandurin

iSS Mxx& --

InthatcontexttheLordsays

'+llh xr hi]i*
Filledwithbones,joints,heldtogetherbyligament,meatandblood

S{xr nMxv {h j{&**

Concealedbyskin,foulsmelled,fullofurinandfoecalmatter

VE] Mixi*
Wellfraughtwitholdageandsorrow,disease,laborandanxiety

Vxi S i iVi' <i*

Andthatitiscoveredwithdirt.Giveupthisabodeofthebeings.

Bixiii{ jnn Exnv Mvxi& +ERIxi B vxi +xvxi*

Thussuchloathsomebodiesoffemaleetc.[maleetc.],clingtoitthinkingittobe
desirableonly

MSUxi& xJ& l +xv& E{nE CiH& E{nxJ& {ixi

Justastheblindbeingunabletoseetheditchesetc.[trenchesetc.]fallintothe
ditches.

B jnEERIxi xv& =xJ& xE {ixiil&**

Thusseekingafterwomenetc.[senseobjectsetc.],blindedbythepoisonofsense
objects,fallintothehellalone
B Mvxi B vxi i n xlE <i
Thushewhorunafterdesires,theirbodies[theirliving]areinvain.Sohesays.
n%|E ix xE% |oi*
Mvxi B vxi MSUxi& xJ&**
& + ix n oi & +|E& i%Srx& E xE& C{Ghj{{hii* iSS
Mxx& -- - '+llh xr hi]i* S{xr nMxv {h j{&** VE]
Mixi* Vxi S i iVi' <i* Bixiii{ jnn Exnv Mvxi&
+ERIxi B vxi +xvxi* MSUxi& xJ& l +xv& E{nE CiH& E{nxJ& {ixi
B jnEERIxi xv& =xJ& xE {ixiil&**
B Mvxi B vxi i n xlE <i
+xx& Ij ESnx
xvi ih < Q&*

Gvxxii
iiSU B&** 15**
+xx& =onewhodisregardsIj =OKingESi =someone+x =everythingelsex
=doesnot+vi =learnih =straw< =like+ =forhimQ& =tigerGvi =dueto
angeri =duetoavarice =delusionandfear+xii =minded =that =
verilyi& =deathii =inyour =body& =hewhoB& =this
Ij ESi +xx& +x x +vi + ih < Q& & ii Gvi i B& +xii
i& **
OKing,Aman,notknowing(onesownself)doesnotgain(theknowledgeofthe
self).Forhim(thebodyis)likeatigermadeofstraw.Andthisinternalself(bound
with)delusionandfearbecauseofwrathandavarice,withinyourbody,thatverilyis
death.
& jnEERIx +xvi
Hewhorunsafterwomenetc.[senseobjectsetc.]withdesire

xv& iniH ii {ix +xx& +|ivx&

Thatpersonblindedbythepoisonofthesenseobjects,notknowingthatwhichis
otherthan(theojbects),onesownself,theSupremeSelf
xvi iuvij xPMSUi*
Doesnotlearntheitssubjectmatter,theinstructionofknowledgeofself

i + xv bRMnn%{ nihxi Q < xlE i*

Thebodyofthatpersonblindedbypoisonofsenseobjects,evenifknowledgeableof
(all)vedaalongwiththesixsubbranches,isasuselessasatigermadeofgrass[A
mocktigermadeofgrasscanthuntorscareanything,effectivelyrederingitstiger
hoodtobeuseless].

il S Mx`& -Andsosays Mx`&

'Sit{ |& I x xni*
Hewho,evenifwellversedin(all)thefourvedas,cantdiscernthesubleBrahman.

nGxi& hMn& ' <i*

That,hecarriestheburdenlaboriouslylikeBrahminintheformofdonkey.

x E n xlE&,

Notjustthathisbody[i.e.,notjusthishumanbirth]becomesuseless

Bi& B i ii
Hewhohasbecomelikethis,thatitselfishisdeathinsaying

Gvxxii <i*
That,mindfilledwithdelusionandfearduetoangerandavarice

Gv i xi& +xii iSU B ii oi B i i&*

Theangerandavaricebeingthecauses,thismindfilledwithdelusionandfearthat
youseeinyourbodyitselfisdeath,

i {x& +Vixp& Gvnxi |ii B i i& xiii*

Butagain,hewhohasnotconqueredthesenses,filledwithanger,avariceandfear,
tendstowardssenseobjects,thatitselfishisdeath,becauseofbeingthecauseof
(his)downfall.

=H S -- - '+i ix xvi {ix& ' <i**

ItissaidsotoothatForoneishisownfriend,oneishisownenemy

Ex i{x ix <i
Thenbywhatmeansonecouldovercomedeath?Thisisbeinganswered.
+xx& Ij ESnx
xvi ih < Q&*
Gvxxii
iiSU B&**
& jnEERIx +xvi xv& iniH ii {ix +xx& +|ivx&
xvi iuvij xPMSUi* i + xv bRMnn%{ nihxi Q <
xlE i* il S Mx`& -- 'Sit{ |& I x xni* nGxi&
hMn&' <i* x E n xlE&, Bi& B i ii -- Gvxxii <i*
Gv i xi& +xii iSU B ii oi B i i&* i {x&
+Vixp& Gvnxi |ii B i i& xiii* =H S -- '+i ix
xvi {ix& ' <i**
Ex i{x ix <i
B i Vx ni
Yxx i`z i i&*
xi i&
il |{ i&** 16**

B =thusi =deathVx =havingbirthni =havingknownYxx =inknowledge

i`x =abidingx =doesnoti =feari& =fromdeathxi =getsdestroyed
=inthecontext =whosei& =deathi& =ofdeathl =justas =context
|{ =getsi& =themortal
B Vx i ni Yxx i`x i& x i i& xi l i& i& |{ **
Understandingdeathtobethus[asexplainedintheearlierverse]produced
[begottenfromsuccumbingtodesires],andabidinnginknowledge,oneisnotafraid
ofdeath(ofthisworld).Inhiscontextdeathisdestroyed,asamortal(isdestroyed)
caughtinthecontextof(common)death.[Heispointingoutthatwhateveryone
fearsasdeathisnotreallythedeath,butitisthedesirethatismoredangerousand
therealdeath]
B Gvn{h Vx |nJ i VxxhnxlV ni
Thushavingknownthedeath,whichistherootofallcalamitieslikebirth,deathetc.
[oldage,diseaseetc.,]risingintheformofangeretc.[avarice,desireanddelusion
etc.]

Gvnx inx nx {iV

Havinggivenupangeretc.[avarice,desireanddelusionetc.]whichareboundto
burn[destroy]thebeing

+Gvnx {t Yxx Sinxxnuiix i`z i i&*

Havinggainedpeaceetc.[desirelessness,kindnessetc.],abidingintheknowledge,
onedoesnotfearfromthedeath.

il S i& -- '+xxn h ux, x i EiSx' <i*

Andsosaysthescripture,that(havingknown)theBliss,thatisBrahman,the
knowerdoesnotfearanything

Ei{xYxx i`z i ii?

Whyagainonedoesntfearthedeath?

ij -- xi i Yxx MS {ix IiGh |nJ%Yxi&*

Forthathesaysinthecaseoftheknower,atthedawnofdirectexperienceofthe
SupremeSelf,theinadvertence(ofaboutonesownnature),theignorancecalled
thedeathgetsdestroyed[too]


l i& Mi ix +i x] i
Justasone[theignorant]caughtintransmigrationovercomebydeathgets
destroyed

i& Binx Mi%Yxix] i*

Themortal,thusinthecontextofonewhohasknowntheSelf,theignorancethatis
deathbecomesineffective.

=H S xnv -- 'Yxlxn YxMxYxXi*

Andsoissaid xnv thattheoneestablishedintheknowledge(becomes)thefire
ofknowledge,theweilderofthunderbolt

ixii Ji& ii&' <i**

That,thatwarrioriswellknowntobethedestroyerofthedeath,devoidofjealousy
B ii 'En' <inx Eh xviiCi 'Yxx i`z i i& ' <i
Thus,havinginstructedthecauseofbondageofaction,intheversesbeginningfrom
Fromtheonsetofactiontillhavingestablishedintheknowledge,onedoesnot
fearfromdeath

Yx Ivxii*
Theefficaciousnessofknowledgealoneisindicatedasmeansofliberation

ij Sni vi]& -vi] enquiresfurtherinthatcontext.

B i Vx ni
Yxx i`z i i&*
xi i&
il |{ i&**
B Gvn{h Vx |nJ i VxxhnxlV ni Gvnx inx nx {iV
+Gvnx {t Yxx Sinxxnuiix i`z i i&* il S i& -- '+xxn h ux, x
i EiSx ' <i* Ei{xYxx i`z i ii? ij -- xi i Yxx MS
{ix IiGh |nJ%Yxi&* l i& Mi ix +i x] i i&
Binx Mi%Yxix] i* =H S xnv -- 'Yxlxn YxMxYxXi*
ixii Ji& ii& ' <i**
B ii 'En ' <inx Eh xviiCi 'Yxx i`z i i& ' <i Yx
Ivxii* ij Sni vi]& --

vi] =S -xV vEx

uVix {hixxixx*
i {l Elxi n
Biuuzi El x E** 17**
vi] =S -x =whosoever+& =says<V =bythesacrificesvEx =ofnoblepeople
uVix =twicebornorBrahmanaandXatria?{hix =meritoriousxixx =ancient
i =them{l =supremegoalElxi=talkof< =inthisworldn& =theVedaBii
=thisux =x =notthis<i =thatEl =howx =thenE =action
vi] =S
x +& <V vEx uVix {hix xixx i {l < n& Elxi El x Bii ux x
E <i**
It has been said (in the Vedas) that by performing sacrifices (the higher worlds leading
up to Brahmaloka) meant for the righteous, meritorious souls, described as the highest
(human) goals in the Vedas (are attained). (Knowing this), why would a knower of Truth
not perform (such) sacrifices?

xx El Eh xvii?
Adoubtisexpressed[by vi]&].Howcananactionleadtobondage?

i xV Vi]nx vEx v& vEfx {hix {jx xixx*

Whenitissaid[intheVedas]thatbysacrifices,suchasVi]etc.[{h etc.]by
thenoblepeople,engagedinrighteousdeeds,meritorious,i.e,pous,followersof
ancientscriptures

i E{xix Ex {l {{li Elxi < +x hb n&*

VedastalkoftheworldsuptoBrahmalokaas[asaresultofthosesacrifices]supreme
goalforthem[forthenoblepeoplenarratedabove]inthistransmigratoryworld

Bii Ex {{li
[InthelightofVedamentioning]theseworldsasbeingthesupremegoal[ofthe
sacrifices]

ux El x vx E xi xxi`i*
Whythenaknowerwouldntfollowthemeans[i.e.,perform]theaction?
+l, Bii E{xix Ex vxi E ux i El xi x MSUi**

Or[itmaymean]whythenwouldntaknoweroftheTruthgaintheworldsupto
BrahmaLokawiththemeansofaction?
B {]& | Mx
Thusbeingasked,theLordsays
vi] =S -xV vEx
uVix {hixxixx*
i {l Elxi n
Biuuzi El x E**
xx El Eh xvii? i xV Vi]nx vEx v& vEfx {hix
{jx xixx* i E{xix Ex {l {{li Elxi < +x hb n&* Bii
Ex {{li ux El x vx E xi xxi`i* +l, Bii E{xix Ex vxi
E ux i El xi x MSUi**
B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S -B ux{i ij
illVi S nxi n&*
xi { {i
|i Mh xxiMx** 18**
xiVi =S -B =thus =only+ux =unwise{i =goij =thereil =inthatsense(only)
+lVi =theresultsofacitonS =andnxi =talkofn& =thescriptures& =that(wise
man)x =doesnot< =here+i =arrive{ =Supreme{i =SupremeSelf|i =
gainMh =pathxxi =discard+Mx =wrongpaths
xiVi =S -B +ux ij {i il +lVi S n& nxi & {i [i] < [Eh] x +i [i]{ Mh
[Mh]|i +Mx xxi**
For(only)theignorantmanthusresortsthose(action,forattaininghigherworlds).
Andlikewise[HereLordappearstomockbyusingthewordil,asissayingVedas
singtheirtuneaccordingly]thevedasspeakofresultsbornofaction[forthe
ignorant].(Butbybecomingone)withthesupreme,(wiseman)doesnottake(to
actionortobirth)inthisworld.Bytakingthepath(ofknowledge)heattainsthe
SupremeSelf,discardingwrongpaths.


i
Yes,itistruethat

B
Inthismanner[asmentionedintheearlierverse]

Env J xx xv
(Only)thosepoisonedbythepleasuresofsenseobjects(alone)considerthethings
attainableintheworlds(suchas)leadinguptoBrahmalokaaspleasures[andso]
ux {i ij ix Envxi Eh x ux;
For(only)theignorantresortsto(engagein)those,actions,(whichare)themeans
(toattain)theworldsleadinguptoBrahmalokaetc.,(but)notthewiseman.

+tnnnxi*
Becausehe(wiseman)seetheir[oftheresultsofaction]blemishes.

il S nhE
Andsosaidin nhE
'+xxn x i E +xvx i i&* ii |iMSUxiu%v Vx&' <i*
That(only)thoseignorant,unwisepeoplegothoseworldscalleddevoidof
tranquility,filledofdarknessafterdeath
il +lVi |VxVi S i +n nxi n&*
Andthusthescripturesmentionresultsacruedoutofthemeans[only]forthe
ignorant
nn B nxi x n&,
Becauseonlytheignoranttalkofthem,notthewise.

ii x & ux EtxiJ iivx Eh +i |ii*

ThereforewiseneverindulgeintheimpermanentpleasuresofBrahmalokaand
others,nor(showinterest)intheirmeans

E i Ei?
Whatdotheydothen?
{ixiixM {i x x { |i* Mh

KnowingtheSupremeSelfastheirownself,abidingasSupremeSelf,beingthe
Brahman,gainstheSupremeenroute
xxi S +Mx iixix rMx vv{x{x*
Andtheydiscardthewrongpaths,thepathscharacterizedbycausesof
transmigration,opposedtoabidenceintheSelf,thedeedsinvolvingrightandwrong.
+l, 'B ux{i ij' <i {` Mh ux ij En{x {i |{xi*
Orifwereadthatforthustheknowergoesthere,the(relative)knowergoesthere,
theinferiorBrahmaloka,asaresultofmeditation
il +lVi S + nxi n&*
AndthustheVedastalkofresultsborn(ofacitons)forthem[the Mh{E&]
Eo nxi?
Ofwhatkinddotheyspeakof?
xi ux +x E Ezi x Vi,
Thatknowerdoesnottakebirthinthisworldlikeoneengrossedinaction.

Ei {x +Mx rMx xxi*

Ontheotherhand,theydiscardthepathsthatarenotconducivetothepracticeof
spirituality.

B ij Mi ixMzi {i x Ex { |iil&**
Thus,havinggonethere[i.e.,afterdedicatedpractice],havingdiscardthepathsthat
leadtotransmigration,abidingintheSupremeSelfincourseoftime,attainthe
Supreme,theBrahman
B ii|nJYx ii
[Havingshown]thustillnowthemortalityofignorance,namelytheinadventence
(aboutonesowntruenature)

+|n {lxIhii
(And)theimmortalityofconstantawarenesscharacterizedbyabidenceinonesown
nature
'|n i ' <inx ni
Havingshown[mortalityassociatedwithinadvertanceandimmortalityassociated
withconstantawareness]byversesstartingwithIwilltellyouthatinadvertance
itselfisthedeathetc.


'+n x&i' <inx
Andbyversesstartingwithrisesfromthisegoetc.

' iiSU B&' <ixix

Endingwithwithinyourbody,thatverilyisdeath
i Eix {hi xlii ni,
Havingshownthealloutcalamitouseffects[ofego,desireetc]astheirconsequence
El ix <iRC,
Expecting(thedoubt)howtoovercomedeath?
'B i Vx ni Yxx i`z i i&' <iiYxx ix ni,
Havingshowntheeliminationofdeathbytheselfknowledgeintheversethus,
havingknownthecausesofdeath(ofdesireetc),abidinginknowledge,onedoesnot
fear(even)thedeath
'xV' <inx En& {liRC,
Expecting(thedoubt)abouttherelevanceofhumanpursuitforworldofBrahmaetc
intheverseThesacrificesarementionedbythemetc
'B ux' <inx ituix{liCi,
Havingclarifiedthemtobethesubjectmatteroftheignorant,notbeingfitfor
humanpursuit,intheverseforthusthewiseman
'{ {i |i Mh' <i YxMh I& ={n]&*
Instructedthattheliberationis(only)throughthepathofknowledge,intheverse
gainsthesupreme,supremeselfinthepath(ofknowledge)

ij '{ {i |i' <i V{EiH*

TheonenessoftheindividualandtheSupremeisindicatedintheversegainsthe
supreme,supremeself

inxSti vi]& -And(still)havingnotabsorbed(anythingoutof)that(whathassofarbeen

instructedandwhichhasbeensummarizedasabove) vi]& asks,
xiVi =S -B ux{i ij
illVi S nxi n&*

 xi { {i
|i Mh xxiMx**
i B Env J xx xv ux {i ij ix Envxi Eh x
ux; +tnnnxi* il S nhE -- '+xxn x i E +xvx i i&* ii
|iMSUxiu%v Vx&' <i* il +lVi |VxVi S i +n nxi n&* nn B
nxi x n&, ii x & ux EtxiJ iivx Eh +i |ii* E i Ei?
{ixiixM {i x x { |i* Mh xxi S +Mx iixix
rMx vv{x{x* +l, 'B ux{i ij' <i {` Mh ux ij
En{x {i |{xi* il +lVi S + nxi n&* Eo nxi? xi ux
+x E Ezi x Vi, Ei {x +Mx rMx xxi* B ij Mi
ixMzi {i x Ex { |iil&**
B ii|nJYx ii +|n {lxIhii '|n i ' <inx
ni '+n x&i' <inx ' iiSU B&' <ixix i Eix {hi
xlii ni, El ix <iRC, 'B i Vx ni Yxx i`z i i&'
<iiYxx ix ni, 'xV' <inx En& {liRC, 'B ux'
<inx ituix{liCi, '{ {i |i Mh' <i YxMh I& ={n]&* ij '{
{i |i' <i V{EiH* inxSti vi]& -vi] =S
E% xRH iV {h
Snn xGh*
E ElJ S
ix ux li** 19**
vi]& =vi]& =S =saidE& =who+ =thisxRH =constrainsi =that+V =
unborn{h =primeval& =thatSi =if<n =this =all+xGh =inorderE =how
=or+ =hisE =tobedone+l =or+J =unhappinessS =andii =that =to
meux =Learnedone =tell =everythingli =clearly
vi]& =S E& + i +V {h xRH & Si <n +xGh E + E +l +J S
ux ii li **

Whoisitthatconstrainsthatunbornprimeval(self),ifit(itselfbecomes)allthis
severally?Andwhatpurposedoesithave(intakingvariousbirths),orwhatadverse
effectwillbefallonhim(ifhedoesnotdoso)?OLearned,tellmeallthatasis.
xx n B inIh& {i GhEn vjxi VMi]
Doubt:Ifhehimself,theonecharacterizedbyExistence,theSupremeSelf,having
createduniverse(comprisedofthefiveelements)startingwithspace,endingwith
earth

inx|ztix +li& i Si,

(And)ifhehavingenteredthesame(hiscreationand)situatedasitsinnateselfgoes
throughthetransmigration

E% i inIh {hV xRH |i*

Whoconstrainshim,theonecharacterizedbyexistence,primeval,unbornintothe
transmigratoryworld?

Exx, i Si,
Whyothers(aretobeimaginedforconstraininghim?whynot)heconstrains
himself?

E xxx ix E |Vx?
Whatistheobjectiveofhisundergoingvariousbirths?

+l, xxx|ix ihi x li

Or,(if)hedidnot(really)takeupvariousbirths(butinstead)abidesinhisown
effulgenceunperturbed

xx| +J +xlVi E i?
(Andthusifhe)doesnotenterthetransmigratoryworld,whatadverseoutcome
befallsonhim?
ux, li*
OLearned,(please)explainallthistomeclearly.

il S nE& {hbE MxYC& ii B ]Ci i Vi{M

Andonthesimilarlines,oneoftheknowersofBrahman,thenobleone,theLord
YC& (too)havingattributedallthecreationtothat(supremeselfand)having
ascribedtheindividualitytothat(supremeself)

't El {{x Vi* <& El x]& |Vi' <i*

(Expalinedthesamethingasifraisingthequestion)astoHowisthatBrahman
(itself)getsbornintheinferiorwombs(and)thatSupremeLordgetsassociatedwith
undesirablemanifestations

'E% xRH' <ixx MiH Vn{I nESt {]Hx**

Bythis(questionasto)Whoconstrainshim?(vi]&)clearlyexpressedthe
argumentofthedualityofBrahmanandtheindividualpursuedbydisputatious
people(whichis)alludedtobytheLordhimself[byMxYC&?].

B {]& | Mx
Havingthusasked,theLordsays
vi] =S
E% xRH iV {h
Snn xGh*
E ElJ S
ix ux li**
xx n B inIh& {i GhEn vjxi VMi] inx|ztix +li&
i Si, E% i inIh {hV xRH |i* Exx, i Si, E
xxx ix E |Vx? +l, xxx|ix ihi x li
xx| +J +xlVi E i? ux, li* il S nE& {hbE
MxYC& ii B ]Ci i Vi{M -- 't El {{x Vi*
<& El x]& |Vi' <i* 'E% xRH' <ixx MiH Vn{I nESt
{]Hx**
B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S -n xj nM
xnMx xi xi&*
il xvC{i ESi
+xnMx xi {&** 20**
xiVi& =xiVi& =S =said n& =blemishx =great+j =inItnM =
attributingduality =for+xnMx =bybeingbeginninglessxi =possiblexi& =
eternityil =thus+ =ofhisx =doesnot+vC =greatness+{i =diminishorlose
ESi =whatsoever+xnMx =byremainingbeginninglessxi =takesto{& =the
Supremebeing
xiVi =S -+j nM x n& xi& +xnMx xi il + +vC x ESi +{i {& +xnMx
xi **
Thereisagreatblemishinattributingdistinctions(totheTruth),foreternity[When
therearedistinctions,therewillbepartsandhenceduality.Whenthereisduality,
onethingwilllimittheother,leadingtononeternity]ispossible(onlyinthecaseof)
beginningless.WithoutdiminishinghisgreatnesswhatsoevertheSupremeBeing
takesto(transmigration,whilestillretaininghis)beginninglessness.
t Sni B%|& --

Theideabehindthisquestionislikethis

xVxVEinnnxnE E]l ini nx ii*

Duetothe(prevalanceofcommonunderstandingof)Ordainer[<&]andthe
ordained[V&]aboutthe(Supreme)One,(andsince)suchathingbeingimpossiblein
(sucha)Substratum,then(such)distinctionsshouldhavebeenreal.[Unlessthere
aredistinctionslikeV& and<& sothatonecanordaintheother,therecantbe
anyordainerandtheordainer].

ij n h B xxi{Mi,
InthatcaseifmultiplicitycanbeattributedtoBrahmanitself
in +j +x nM h xxiM n x;
Theninthecaseof(Brahman)havingdistinctions,theprospectofmultiplicityfor
Brahmanisagreatblemish.
E n&?
Whatistheblemish?
+uix ilnx%nE &,
For(you)thenondualist(whoacceptssuchduality)endsupbeingaliar[becauseon
onehandheisclaimingnondualityandontheotherhewouldbesubscribingto
duality](and)nonfollowerofscriptures[forscripturesspeakofnonduality].
nn {lui S v i*
ThepurportofVeda,theSupremeTruth,and(whichis)nondualitystandsnegated.
ES -- xx{h {hiinxiinn&, +lnCvS |Vi*
Moreover,duetohavingmodifiedintomanyforms,blemisheslikeimpermanence
[Whenonebecomesanother,theprioroneceasestoexist,therebygetting
relegatedtobeingimpermanent]etc.[decayetc.]contradictiontostatements(Itis)
subtleetc.[notatomicetc.]arises.
+lSi -- h xxi x{Mi,
ThereforehesayswedonotacceptdualityforBrahman
+{ i V{n%{Mi <i*
Noteventhe(differencesuchas)theindividualandtheSupremeisacceptable(to
us).

ij{ x n x& |{xi*

Itwillbeagreatcalamityeveninthat(evenifweacceptjustV{n&)

i S,
Andsosaythescriptures(too)
'n Biznxi Ei* +l i i'
For,whenanyonecreatesaevenslightestdistinction(inIt),thenhewouldbeafraid
[Thepointisfearneedsatleastonemoreentityforitsexistence].
'i& i{xi < xx {i'
Hewhoperceivesmanyhere(inthisworldortheother),getscaughtin
transmigration(only).
'+l %x ni{i +x%x%i x n l {&'
Then,hewhoworshipsthegodsasbeingdifferentfromhimself[itisnotabout
condemningtheworshipitself,butabouttheignoranceofonenessleadingto
expectionofsomeresult,whichforcesonetopursuetheworshipduality],hedoes
notknow(theTruth)isnodifferentfromananimal.
'+l %xli nxVxi IE xi'
Thenthoseotherswhoknowtheother[i.e.,thosewhotakethedualitytobereal]
theyattainperishanbleresults[Takingdualitytoberealmotivatesonetoworshipof
thegodsforresults,whicharenotgoingtobepermanent]
' i {nt%xjix& n' <i*
Everyonebecomesdistances(himself)fromhim,hewhoseesothersasdifferent
fromhimself[ByclaimingonetobeaBrahmin,onewouldisolatehimselffromthe
restofthecommunity.Soalsoanyrelianceondualitybeingreal]
+l, V{n%{Mx
OntheotherhandifweacceptthedifferenceoftheindividualandtheSupreme(i.e.,
acceptduality,thenthestatementsofscripturessuchas)
'ik'
Thatthouart

'+ '
IamBrahman

'+i '
ThisselfisBrahman

'iIn{In'
ThatwhichisthedirectandimmediateBrahman
' +i xi&'
Thatselfwhichisallpervading
'B i +ixii&'
Itisyourself,whichinnercoreandimmortal
'+ %inin n '
Thisisineedthatwhichis(your)self,(whichis)immortal,isthisBrahman,(that
whichis)allthis
'<n ni'
Allthisisnothingbutthatwhichisyourself
'B i +i xi&' <i
Thatthisselfofyoursisinnertoall

'i + M ni + i' <i

OLord,youareindeedme,(and)Iamindeedyou,thedivine
' B xV +iV%i% i'
Thatindeedthisgreat,unbornselfisnothingbuttheundecaying,immortal,fearless
Brahman.FearlessnessindeedisBrahman.Fearlessnessindeedisundoubtedly
Brahman
<iniii{hriinnEi x xn i*
(Sincetheacceptanceofduality)beingcontradictoryexplanationtosomanyofsuch
statementsasthese,ofscriptures,i& and{hx (andhence)beingnonconforming
toscriptures,itbecomesagreatblemish.
El i ii{I Vnn&?
[Ifyoudontacceptduality]howcanthentherecanbetransactionaldifferenceof
theindividualandtheSupremeetc.[natureetc.]inyourproposition(absolute
oneness)[i.e.,ifyoutotallynegatedualityaltogether,howcanyoureconcilethe
mentionofV& and<& etc.ofthescriptures?]

El i xiii?
Andthathowcantherebeeternityforthem?[Howcanthey(V& and<& etc.)be
eternal?]

ij
Forthathesays

'+xnMx xi xi&' <i*

Thattheyareeternalduetobeingtheproductsofignorance.

+xntJ *
+xn& meansignorance,(or)

il SH Mi
AndthesameisspokenbytheLord(also)
'|Ei { S nvxn ={' <i*
Thatunderstand(that)boththenatureandtheindividualarebeginningless[i.e.,are
duetoignorance]
'< IVVMi xE iE xE S*
Forthis(SupremeSelf)itselfisthesourceoftheuniverse,itisone,thesoulofall
andordainerofeverything
Hxnr vx n Vi' <i S*
AndthatthegreatLordess,thepower,thebeginningless,selfexistent,calledspace,
shinesinheaven
itMx +xnMx xi Vn xi&,
Duetoitsassociation(alone)dotheindividualetc[|Ei& etc]becomeeternal

+ui{ {ix {i{{ti Bil&*

ItonlymeansthateventhoughtheSupremeSoulisnondual,itassumesmanyforms
duetoits&

i S BE {i
And(theappearanceof)manyofformsoftheOneisalsoheardin
'{ { |i{ '
Itbecomesmanyforms(and)everyform

'<xp & {{ <i '

TheLordtakesmanyformswith(his)powers

'BE n& i Mf& '

TheEffulgentOnehiddeninallbeings

'BE u| v nxi'
ThenobletalkeofIt[appearing]asmany
'BE xi v E{xi'
Being[just]One,createsmany

'BE n v x]&'
TheEffulgentOneturnsintomany

'BE& x v S&'
Itbeing[just]One,formedintomany

'iE% xx|]&'
YouareOne(firstand)entermanyafter

'+Vx v Vi' [v Vi] <i*

That(though)beingunborn,isbornasmany
il S Iv -- 'BE B ii i i li&* BEv v S oi VSxpi' <i*
AndsoalsoinIv& -Theoneandonlyindwellerofthebeings,situatedinevery
being,appearsasoneandmany,asamovingmoon[asinglemoonappearsasmany
inseveralpools]
il S YC& -- '+EE l P]n {lMi* iliE%{xES Vvx' <i*
AndsosaysYC&Forjustasthespacegetsdistinguishedbypotetc.[roometc.
aspotspace,roomspaceetc.],inthesameway,theselfeventhoughone(appears)
asmany,likethe(reflectionsof)themooninthe(many)ponds;
il S EMi
AndsoalsoinEMi

'BES v Vv oi*
Onesunappearsasmanyinthe(asmany)ponds

+i {i{ {v li&**
[Inthesameway]thesupremeselftooreflectsinall[i.e.,many]embodiments

Sxi li*
Brahmanpervadesallbodiesoutsideandinside

+E E rM x Sxl' <i*
Likespaceinthepots,canonlybegraspedbytheintellectandnototherwise[The
pointisthatoneshoulddiverttheattentionfromthemanyandseeoneness,and
suchknowledgeispossiblyonlybyunderstandingbutnotbyphysicalevidence]
il S {& -- 'xi& Mi i E]l nVi&* BE& xti Ci i&' <i*
SoaslothattheSupremeLord[orisitMx?]TheSelfisverilyeternal,all
pervading,substratum(and)devoidof(any)blemish.Itisone,becomesmanyinall
formsbyitspower,called

nE {i,
BecausethemultitudinessoftheOneisdue(its)power
ii B Ehi {& Eix Vix xRH Ei|ix{I& [wonderitisEi|ixx{I&]
x,
ThereforeindeedtheSupremeLord,thecausalbeing,ordainsthecausedbeing,the
indvidualself,withoutneedingtoputanyeffort,byitspower
x {li& i i *
Inreality,itneithertransmigratesnormakesV& totransmigrate
il SH EMi
AndsosaidinEMi
'x Vi x i x v x S PiE&*
Neithergetsborn,nordies,norgetskilled,andnorkills
x r xvE x H x S In&**
Neitherbound,norcausesbondage(toothers),ornotfreeandnorgiverof
liberation
{& {i i ki%xnSS ii' <i*
That(suchis)theperson,theSupremeBeing[isasdescribedaboveasneitherborn
etc.].Butthatwhichisother(thantheself),thatisunreal.
il S Mx{& -AndsosaysSupremeLord[orisitMx?]
'+ |i iii&* x S{ i x S i|&' <i*
ThatIamtherulerofall,beyondthe bynature,andthis(V&)transmigrates,
andnortheLordcauses(V&)totransmigrate

ES, xkn%{Mx + {ix& EEhix +li{

MoreovertheSupremeSelf,eventhoughbeingtakentobedifferent(orasmany)
[i.e.,asbeingdifferentfromwhatItreallyis,asbeingmany]dueto, being
availableasbeingcomprisedofcauseandeffect
+vC {vC x{i ESi ESn{,
Doesnotlosetheeleganceofitsnatureevenalittle.

iEii {iE]l B iil&*

Becausethetrasmigratoryexistenceisofthenatureof (false),asbefore[asIt
wasbeforeanymanifestation,ifany]staysremainingasthesubstratumonly.

n ii +xnMx +xttMx xi {& { V& xi*

Becauseofthat[]alone,thereforeduetotheprospectofbeginninglessignorance
arethemanyindividuals
+l, {& { {h {ix +xnr itMx xi*
Orbyassociationofthepower,whichisbeginningless,ofthe[{& takentomeanthe
SupremeSelfinsteadofV&],SupremeSelf,theFull,duetothat(power),becomes
many.
SiixMi {]
Andallthisisclearlystatedin +xMi

+YxMh{h ik{h S li*

i n xSUti ElSx**
(TheBrahman)isavailableintheformofappearenceaswellassubstratum.Ifone
entertainstheideaofmine(intheappearences),the(vicious)cycleoftrasmigration
neverbreaks.[Thepointisthatthereisapparentduality,andtakingitasrealis
fraughtwithperils,assaidinn xj]
+tH{z& x ii*
ikV n x nx**
(TheSelf)empoweredwiththe isineveryformoflife.That (whichis)
delusive,residinginallbeings,shouldbeshunnedbyallwhoknow(thistruth)[Here
tooitispointedoutthatdualityiscommonlyperceivedbyall,butisnotsubstantial
innature,whichisthecontextoftheversioninquestion].
izx xi Vi xj &*
+E V i r i**

Oncethat(delusion)isdestroyed,thegreatSelfshinesforth,entertainnomisgivings
aboutit,foroncetheSelfwins,Selfwillbecomeevident[Theideaistopointout
howdualityisnegatable,whichhighlightsitasamistaketotakeittoberealinthe
firstplace]
r Six xn&J {v i*
{hv {xxnxxi Ex**
AndonceSelfbecomesevident[iRM]onewillbecomefreefromsorrow,ever
shining,knowledgeabsolute,supremebliss,infinite(and)sustaineroftheworlds
[Heretheseversesgivethefruitsofelminationofn xj].
ViSh {ixSi*
inHii|nx Yxxxi&**
Unwaveringlyseekthesupremeself,permanent.Beingitsdevotee(and)byitsgrace,
becomeendowedwiththefireofknowledge.[Heretheseversesgivethefruitsof
elminationofn xj].
+J E nMvxhJi *
|{xi rli nxx**<i*
Havingburntawayallthe(accummulated)E& onegainstheimmortalitycalled
hi (whichis)auspicious,culminationofdesires.Thisisthepurportofthe
scriptures.
il Mx{M& {& +iiH li ni
For,similarlytheLord,supremeteacher{&showsthefalsehoodofeverythingthat
isdifferentfromtheSelf[thusprovinghoweggregiousanerrortoconceiveduality
n xj]
Yx{ixix {li&*
il{h xinxi& li**
Thenatureofknowledgeisextremelypureinactuality.Thevery(self)itselfis
availableintheformofobjects[worldofduality](thattooonly)duetodelusion.
Yx{J VMninr&*
+l{ {xi xi {**
Thisentireworldisnothingbutknowledgeinreality(but)theignoranttakeitasreal
(and)getdeludedbytheoceanofdelusion[whichpointsouttheextentofn xj]
i Yxn& rSii%J VMi*
YxiE |{xi ip{ {**

OLord,butthoseknowers,thepurehearted,knowthisentireworldasnothingbut
pureknowledge,asyou,yourself[Thusitpointsouthoweggregioustoseethe
dualitythatknowersdontseeit].
Yx{ Mxi%ix i ii&*
ii vvnn\Vx YxVix**
Osir,becausethepersonificationofknowledge,is(all)thesecountlessforms,(but)
notinreality,thereforeindeedthedualityofmountains,oceans,earthetc.[air,
wateretc.]areperceivedbecauseofbeingsprungforthbythe
n i r xV{ EI Yx{in*
in E{i& x
xi x i in&**
Butoncethepure,knowledgebereftofblemishesinitsnaturalstate(unfolds)when
theaccummulatedE&getsexhausted,thenindeed(all)wishescometofruitition
(and)dualityneverreturns.
ii E EjSnnv{xix iiE{*
SSxli uV i
x ikl i Ei ik**
Whereis(and)whatduality(areyoutalkingabout)!(wheneverythingisnothingbut)
onealways,(andwhich)doesnothavebeginning,middleandend[i.e.,hasnoparts,
hencenoduality],withoutwhichabrahmincantexcel.Thenhowcantherebeany
valuetoit[theduality]?[Againthepointisthatitisn xjtoattachvalueto
worthless]
P]i P]i& E{E
E{E ShVii%h&*
Vx& EiiixSIi Ej i**
Thepothoodofclayisdueto(theformof)apot,potterinessofpowder,sandand
particlesisdueto(theformof)apotteryfragment.Peopleview(theworld)
conditionedbytheirownunderstandingasper(past)impressions.Tellmewhat
realitydoesit[suchunderstanding]have?[Thuspointsoutdualitytobean xj]
iz Yxi%i ESiCSiEnSnuV iVi*
YxE xVEnzSkv{i**

OBrahmin,thereforethereisnothing(and)neveranywhereanythingotherthanthe
awareness[nondualBrahman],theoneawareness,otherthanonesown(past)
impressions,appearsasmanyasperthevarietyofminds(ofpeople)
Yx r EnnxiRM*
BE nE {& {& n x i%xni**
ThatLordn& isknowledge,extremelyfreefromvice,extremelypure,completely
devoidofsorrow,untouchedbyanywhatsoeverblemishes,one,pureexistence,
supreme,supremeLord,otherthanwhomthereisnothingelse.
n B i H Yx l iixi*
Bik iij{ SH x i**
WhatItoldyou,thisreality,knowledge,andtruth,everythingelseisunreal.Andthis,
whichiseventhoughsaidtobe(seentobe)transactionallydual,itisthesubstratum
oftheuniverse.
{li { I{SUi *
BE { & r xMh& |Ei& {&**
Butthesupremereality,Oking,iswhatistoldbrieflybyme(as)one,omnipresent,
equanimous,pure,attributeless,beyondthe|Ei& [Andhenceanyimaginationof
dualityisn xj]
Vxnvni i Mi%&*
{Yx%nxVin&**
Fortheselfiswithoutthebirth,agingetc.[deathetc.],omnipresent,nondecaying,
supremeknowledge,pervades[even]theunrealthings,name,classetc.[formetc.]
x Mz H%z {l Ii*
ii{n i%{E ii**
Yx {l% uix%ilnx&*
inin{n] i I{h i**
Ogreatmind,whatisinstructedtoyou(byme)istheknowledge,thesupreme
realitythatshowstheunrealityofthisduality[Andhenceanyimaginationofduality
isn xj]
{li knuii&*
ixnnx lE oi x&**
xio]i{ ilE& x{lCEi&**
Theessenseofthesupremerealitythatiscompletelynondual,justasone(light)is
seenasdark(pale),blueetc.[othercolorsetc.]inthesky,inthesameway,even
thoughtheselfbeingone(appears)asmanytothedeludedpeople,

BE& i ni ESknSi xi { ii%xi*

% S i S ini{ iV n**
Itissaidthatwhateverallthatistherehereisone(only,and)thereisnothingother
thanIt[theSelf].IamthatandyouandallthisistheSelf,giveupthedelusionof
duality[Thusnotgivingupisn xj]
<iiix ViiV n {lo]&*
S{ Vih{ivij Vxx{M{**
Ogreatking,whatisthusexplained,givingupthedualitybykeepingthesupreme
realityintheview,
Vi hxx hxx hM nS*
xt& pS B ni zi S |**
OformostamongBrahmins,h& isthelight,theuniverses,h&isgardes,h& is
mountainsandthedirections,riversandoceans,Heindeedisallthatisthereand
thatisnotthere[WhenHeiseverything,itisn xjtoimaginemultiplicity]
i& i hn VMi*
p]ixinnx SIh&**
h& isinallbeings,isthisentireworld,therefore(He)shouldberealizedasnon
differentfromonesownselfbydiscrimination.[WhenHeiseverything,itisn
xjtoimaginemultiplicity]
nVxE%Yx xixiE Mi*
+ix h nxi E& Ei**
Whentheignorance,thesourceof(associatingrealitytopersceptionof)dualityis
completelydestroyed,howcananyoneentertainthenonexistentdivisionoftheSelf
andBrahman?
in{zin {ix*
in nS iYxEi i**
Whenoneattainsonenesswiththissupremeself,onebecomesoewithout
distinctions.Anddivisionarises(only)duetotheignoranceaboutIt.
Yx { Yx xv Si*
YxiEn x Yxuti {**
KnowledgeistheSupremeBrahman,Knowledgeisdesiredfor(breaking)the
bondage,allthisisnothingbutknowledge,thereisnothingsuperiorto(orother
than)theknowledge.

tt S j Yx{v**<i*
j, ofknowledgeandignorance,learntheknowledgeonly.
il Sii {] Mx xiVi& hb{h EMi|RM
ThusMx xiVi&clearlystatesallthisinthetopicofEMiinhb{h (that)

'nx{`v vnix Ei S JVv*

Scripturesshouldbestudied,thepenancesshouldbedulyobserved,havingmarried,
andperfomedsacrifices

=i{t {jx n iVv xii{&' <i*

Havingbegottenoffspring,attheendoflife,bodyshouldbedroppedbythe
disciplinedmonks.
'Et xSvxx E ElxiS JV&*
Whyshouldwestudynow?Whatistheuseofworkshippingbysacrifices?
|h {x V& |hx Vi S' <i
ThatIofferbreathinthefire,inthefireofbreathIofferthespeech
EiEiix Ytx`xx +ix& |Vx ni
Thushavingshownthepurposelessnessofsacrificesetc.[offspringetc.]tothe
realizedsoul
'Mk Mxi{hIxi {ix n*
Moreoverthefallfromheavenisuncertainoncetheacruedmeritisexhausted(just
asonegetsthrownoutby)aprostitute(oncethemoneyisover!)

xE V n&J...' <i
Intotheworldofhumansfullofoldageandsorrow
Ynv Exiinnn]ix i ni
Havingshowntheundesirabilityduetothedemerits(suchas)theimpermanence[as
intheprevioussentence]etc.[leadingtootherdesiresetc.]oftheworldsattainedby
sacrifices
Vn{xn 'i { {' <i inx i ni
TheupanishatofVn&[nhE?]startingwithThesupremetruth,thesupreme,
havingshownthegreatnessofTruth
'x&' <i

Startingwithconcentration
'ix Bixh i{ x BiSi' <ixix
Endingwithgobeyondthoseinferiorpenances,concentration

xirxixxn|{ivx
Ofthemeansofattainingtheeverpresent,unsurpassedbliss,theBrahman
iivxix
Bythatmeans,

+{nxivxtYn& niE]i xH ij i
Havingmentionedthewithdrawal,calledrenunciation,fromalltheothermeansthat
produceimpermenentresultsfortheignorant,scripturesays

'x Eh x |V vxx iMxE +iix&*

Norbyactions,norbyprogeny,wealth(but)byrenunciationonlyonegains
immortality
{h xE xi M Vi ti xi*
Thatwhichissuperiortoheavens,residinginthecave(oftheheart),thatthestrivers
attain
nxiYxxSil& xMti& rk&*
ThosewhohavewellascertainedtheknowledgeoftheVeda,thepurehearted
striversbyrenunciation
i E {xiE {ii{Sxi ' <i*
ThegetfreedfromeverythingattheendintoworldofBrahman,thesupreme,
imortal
il S nhE Ex ni
Andsoalsoitshowstherenunciationofallactions(asthepath)innhE
'Bi iix ni h& {jhS khS EhS ill IS Sxi' <i*
Havingknownthisself,theBrahmanawillwithdrawfromthedesiresofprogeny,
wealthand(theother)worlds,goaboutbeggingforalms
il S Mxn& Ex ni
AndsoalsotheLordSriKrishnashowsrenunciationofallactions(asthepath)

'xiSki iH{O&*
(Hewhois)withoutdesire,striving,renouncedallposessions
E E Ez{xi E**
Doesnotincursinforhavingperformedbodilyaction
+x{I& SnI =nx Mil&*
(Onewhois)withoutexpectations,pure,resolute,calm,devoidofworries
{iM nH& |&**
Hewhoiswithdrawnfromall[desireprompted]activities,ismydevotee,heisdear
tome.

x i x u] x Si x ERIi*
Hewhodoesnotgetelated,doesnothate,doesnotgrieve,doesnotdesire
{iM Hx& |&**
Renouncedgoodandbad,theesteemeddevotee,heisdeartome
x{xii j{I&*
Inthepraiseandinsult,amongequalsandunequals,inthefriendsandfoes
{iM Mhii& =Si**
(Hewho)hasgivenupalltheinitiations[promptedbydesires]iscalledtheone
beyondtheMh&
+Hr& j Vii Mi{&*
Detachedfromeverything,selfcontrolled(and)devoidofdesire

xEr { xxvMSUi**
Attainsthesupremestateofbeingfreefromactionbyrenunciation
vx{iV E h V*
Renouncingalltheaspectso v& [beitgoodandbad]mealone
+ i {{ I S& ' <i*
Ishallredeemyoufromallsinsandbestowyouwiththeimmortality

il SxMi Eh |Vx ni Mx
Inthesamewayin+xMialso,theLordestablishesthepurposeofaction
'x v x Sv x S *

Neitherbeinggood,norbeingbad,andnormindinghappinessorsorrowindeed

& nEx xih ESnSxix' <i*

Hewhoremainsseatedinthesameposture,absorbedinsilencewithoutgetting
distracted
'|kIh M Yx xIh*
Actionisacharacterizedbyextrovertedness(and)knowledgeischaracterizedby
renunciation
iVYx {Ei xn rx' <i*
Thereforeadiscriminatingoneinthisworldwouldresorttoknowledgeby
renunciation[Thepointbehindallthisargumentisthatifdualityisunreal,nousein
chasingafterit.Insteadoneshouldwithdraw.SincetheLordHimselfadvocatedthis
method,itprovesthatdualityisnotreal.Andhenceitisn xjtoattributeduality
totheTruth]
il S xi{h E |i{n]xMx& -Andsoinxi{ Mx& withavewtoinstructEMx (says)

'Eh vi Vxit S Si*

Peopleareboundbyactions,(and)getfreedbyknowledge
iiE x Exi i& {nx&**
Thereforthosestriverswhoknewthedepths(ofsprirituality)dontengageinaction

B i k& {inh *
ThisthemewasenunciatedbynoneotherthanBrahmahimselfinthebeginning
B {i& nSh {&**
Thisispracticedbythegreatancientseers(also)
|VSS { lx {Vxk*
Theyreachthesupremeabodewhichisthemostsuperior,reachedonlyby
renunciation
inx ii i il' <i*
Thushavingpracticedthepath(ofrenunciation),asweliveandtalk
il S Ex ni Mzn& -InthesamewayMzn&alsoadvocatestherenunciationofallactions

x Eh x { i{&*
Havingrenouncedallactions,havingrenouncedelaboratepenance
x v t& x S **
Havingrenouncedvariousknowledges,andhavingrenouncedeverythingverily.
C iEx Hx EiEix &*
Allroundfulfilmentispossibleonlyto(such)free(whohasrenouncedeverything)
person.

{hbj{i Si in**
Resortingonlysustenanceofthebody,roams(freely)allaround!
i Mh { E i *
HavingrenouncedthebondageofmodificationsofMh[likerelationsetc.],having
renouncedgoodandbad
= ixi iCi B i xMh&**
Havingrenouncedbothtrueanduntrue,thusbecomesxMh&
{O {iV ii Vixp&*
Son,becometheconquerorofsensesbyrenouncingthetendencytoaccummulate
+Elxi` < Sj S' <i*
That,abidewithoutsorrow,andwithoutfeareitherhereorhereafter
il S Exx B Yx +vE& xii Mx{i& -AndsotooMx{i& saysonlywhorenouncesallactionsaloneiseligibletoreceive
theSelfknowledgebutnotothers
'|ixpn&J i xi& J*
Onebecomessorrowfulduetoextroveredsensesandbecomesjoysiftheyare
contained.
Mx|Ei i H Yx{xi' <i*
For,onewithattachmentgainsthematerialworld,andtheonedetachedgains
knowledge.
il SvE h MH xx|i h Ex +vE <i
Andsoalsoin+vhitisclearlysaidthat(notjust)mendicants(but)allwalksof
lifearefitforrenunciationofallactions,

'Ml S x|l%l {x&*

Beitahouseholder,celibateoragainhermit(iseligibleforrenunciation)

<SUxIlik ki' <i*

Hewhodesiresliberationshouldresortthemostexaltedpath(ofrenunciation)

'Bik h kE{n J*
Thisveryonepath(ofrenunciation)is

B MiHx v& xix&' <i*

Thisancientv&isthegoalofthedetached

n iunIS Ex BvE&**
Becausethisbeingso,thereforeforthelearned,(whoare)seekersofliberation,
aloneareeligibleforrenunciationofallactions.
B inE {ix%xnMx {iH*
Thussofarthemanifoldformofonesinglesupremeself(becauseof)itsassociation
with ismentioned

<nx n VMiEhi in{ {vEi

NowHesayseventheLordscausalhoodoftheuniverseisduetotheassociation
with

xiVi =S -n xj nM
xnMx xi xi&*
il xvC{i ESi
+xnMx xi {&**
t Sni B%|& -- xVxVEinnnxnE E]l ini nx ii* ij n
h B xxi{Mi, in +j +x nM h xxiM n x; E n&? +uix
ilnx%nE &, nn {lui S v i* ES -- xx{h {hiinxiinn&,
+lnCvS |Vi*
+lSi -- h xxi x{Mi, +{ i V{n%{Mi <i* ij{ x n x&
|{xi* i S, 'n Biznxi Ei* +l i i' 'i& i{xi < xx
{i' '+l %x ni{i +x%x%i x n l {&' '+l %xli nxVxi
IE xi' ' i {nt%xjix& n ' <i* +l, V{n%{Mx 'ik ' '+
' '+i ' 'iIn{In ' ' +i xi& ' 'B i +ixii& '+
%inin n ' '<n ni ' 'B i +i xi&' <i 'i + M ni +
i' <i ' B xV +iV%i% i'

<iniii{hriinnEi x xn i* El i ii{I
Vnn&? El i xiii? ij -- '+xnMx xi xi&' <i* +xntJ
* il SH Mi -- '|Ei { S nvxn ={' <i* '< IVVMi xE iE
xE S* Hxnr vx n Vi ' <i S* itMx +xnMx xi
Vn xi&, +ui{ {ix {i{{ti Bil&* i S BE {i -'{ { |i{ ' '<xp & {{ <i ' 'BE n& i Mf& ' 'BE u| v nxi ' 'BE
xi v E{xi' 'BE n v x]&' 'BE& x v S& ' 'iE% xx|]&' '+Vx
v Vi' <i* il S Iv -- 'BE B ii i i li&* BEv v S oi VSxpi'
<i* il S YC& -- '+EE l P]n {lMi* iliE%{xES Vvx' <i*
il S EMi -- 'BES v Vv oi* +i {i{ {v li&**
Sxi li* +E E rM x Sxl' <i* il S {& -- 'xi&
Mi i E]l nVi&* BE& xti Ci i&' <i* nE {i,
ii B Ehi {& Eix Vix xRH Ei|ix{I& x, x {li& i
i * il SH EMi -- 'x Vi x i x v x S PiE&* x r xvE x H x
S In&** {& {i i ki%xnSS ii' <i* il S Mx{& -- '+ |i
iii&* x S{ i x S i|&' <i* ES, xkn%{Mx + {ix&
EEhix +li{ +vC {vC x{i ESi ESn{, iEii {iE]l B
iil&* n ii +xnMx +xttMx xi {& { V& xi* +l, {&
{ {h {ix +xnr itMx xi* il SiixMi {] -+YxMh{h ik{h S li*
i n xSUti ElSx**
+tH{z& x ii*
ikV n x nx**
izx xi Vi xj &*
+E V i r i**
r Six xn&J {v i*
hv {xxnxxi Ex**
ViSh {ixSi*
inHii|nx Yxxxi&**
+J E nMvxhJi *
|{xi rli nxx**<i*
il Mx{M& {& +iiH li ni -Yx{ixix {li&*
il{h xinxi& li**
Yx{J VMninr&*
+l{ {xi xi {**

 i Yxn& rSii%J VMi*

YxiE |{xi ip{ {**
Yx{ Mxi%ix i ii&*
ii vvnn\Vx YxVix**
n i r xV{ EI Yx{in*
in E{i& x
xi x i in&**
ii E EjSnnv{xix iiE{*
SSxli uV i
x ikl i Ei ik**
P]i P]i& E{E
E{E ShVii%h&*
Vx& EiiixSIi Ej i**
iz Yxi%i ESiCSiEnSnuV iVi*
YxE xVEnzSkv{i**
Yx r EnnxiRM*
BE nE {& {& n x i%xni**
n B i H Yx l iixi*
Bik iij{ SH x i**
{li { I{SUi *
BE { & r xMh& |Ei& {&**
Vxnvni i Mi%&*
{Yx%nxVin&**
x Mz H%z {l Ii*
ii{n i%{E ii**
Yx {l% uix%ilnx&*
inin{n] i I{h i**

{li knuii&*
ixnnx lE oi x&**
xio]i{ ilE& x{lCEi&**
BE& i ni ESknSi xi { ii%xi*
% S i S ini{ iV n**
<iiix ViiV n {lo]&*
S{ Vih{ivij Vxx{M{**
Vi hxx hxx hM nS*
xt& pS B ni zi S |**
i& i hn VMi*
p]ixinnx SIh&**
nVxE%Yx xixiE Mi*
+ix h nxi E& Ei**
in{zin {ix*
in nS iYxEi i**
Yx { Yx xv Si*
YxiEn x Yxuti {**
tt S j Yx{v**<i*
il Sii {] Mx xiVi& hb{h EMi|RM -- 'nx{`v vnix Ei
S JVv* =i{t {jx n iVv xii{& '
<i* 'Et xSvxx E ElxiS JV&* |h {x V& |hx Vi S '
<i EiEiix Ytx`xx +ix& |Vx ni 'Mk Mxi{hIxi {ix
n* xE V n&J... ' <i Ynv Exiinnn]ix i ni
Vn{xn 'i { { ' <i inx i ni 'x& ' <i 'ix Bixh
i{ x BiSi ' <ixix xirxixxn|{ivx iivxix
+{nxivxtYn& niE]i xH ij i -- 'x Eh x |V vxx iMxE
+iix&* {h xE xi M Vi ti xi* nxiYxxSil& xMti&
rk&* i E {xiE {ii{Sxi ' <i* il S nhE Ex ni -'Bi iix ni h& {jhS khS EhS ill IS Sxi ' <i* il S
Mxn& Ex ni -- 'xiSki iH{O&* E E Ez{xi
E** +x{I& SnI =nx Mil&* {iM nH& |&** x i x u] x
Si x ERIi* {iM Hx& |&** x{xii j{I&*
{iM Mhii& =Si** +Hr& j Vii Mi{&* xEr {
xxvMSUi** vx{iV E h V* + i {{ I S& ' <i* il
SxMi Eh |Vx ni Mx -- 'x v x Sv x S * & nEx xih

ESnSxix ' <i* '|kIh M Yx xIh* iVYx {Ei xn rx ' <i* il

S xi{h E |i{n]xMx& -- 'Eh vi Vxit S Si* iiE x Exi i&
{nx&** B i k& {inh * B {i& nSh {&** |VSS { lx
{Vxk* inx ii i il ' <i* il S Ex ni Mzn& -- x
Eh x { i{&* x v t& x S ** C iEx Hx EiEix &*
{hbj{i Si in** i Mh { E i * = ixi iCi B i
xMh&** {O {iV ii Vixp&* +Elxi` < Sj S ' <i* il S
Exx B Yx +vE& xii Mx{i& -'|ixpn&J i xi& J* Mx|Ei i H Yx{xi ' <i* il SvE h MH
xx|i h Ex +vE <i -- 'Ml S x|l%l {x&*
<SUxIlik ki ' <i* 'Bik h kE{n J* B MiHx v& xix& '
<i* n iunIS Ex BvE&**
B inE {ix%xnMx {iH* <nx n VMiEhi in{ {vEi ninr Mx xi
EMx Ei *
il S iSUHi x
inlM S xi n&** 21**
i =thatwhichBii =this+r =certainlyorinessenceMx =Lord& =Hexi =
eternalEMx =associationwithmodificationEi =creates =universeil =
thusS =andii =thatH& =power<i =thus =itissox =considerii =that
+lM =substrativeassociationS =andxi =propoundn& =thescriptures
i Bii +r & Mx xi EMx Ei il S ii H& <i x ii +lM S xi
n&**
TheLord,Hewhoisactuallycreatestheeternal[relatively]universe(only)by
associationwithanditisconsideredtobeHispower.Andthescripturesbear
testimony(tothisfact)[thattheuniverseisanillusoryeffectofandthattheLord
aloneisthecause]
nii +r {li Mx Bnxi& & {
TheLord,Hewhoisendowedwithpoweretc.[theotherfivequalitiesofwealthetc.]
thatsupremeruler,inactuality
xi EMx <Ihn{E Ei <i
Createdthateternaluniversebyassociationwith, i.e.,startingwithseeingetc.
[entryetc.]
ii il iSUH& {ix& H& Ei x {i +{nIh& <i x*
ThusitissaidthatallthatiscreatedbythatpoweroftheSupremeSelf,havingthe
attributesofbeginninglessetc.,[beyondlogicetc.but]notbytheLord(Himself)

x i& Snxxnui Ehi,

Thecausalitycantbeattributedtothenondual,consciousness,andblissbyitself
Ei nil&*
Buffortheassociationof.Thisisthemeaning.

E i iliHM |hi Si,

Theniftherewereaquestionabouttheassociationofitspowerbeingthecauseof
theuniverse
ij
Inthatcontexthesays
inlM i {ix VMn{nxilM S xi n&*
Andthescripturesbeartestimonytoassociationoftheofthesupremeselfbeing
thematerialcauseoftheuniverse
i n n& |h xiil&*
Thescripturesaretheauthorityinestablishingthepower(oftheLord)
il S i& -Andasperthescripture
'<xp & {{ <i'
TheLordassociatedwiththecreatesmanyforms
'+x Vi ii'
Hiscreatesthisuniverse
'x i '
ButtheLordistheonewiththepowerof

'niH MhxMf' <i*

TheeffulgentendowedwithitsownpowerisobscuredbytheMhof
il S Mxn& -AndsosaystheLordSriKrishna

'n Mh ni*
ThisdivineofMine,intheformofMhisdifficulttoovercome

+V%{ zi ix%{ x*
Thoughbeingunborn,andimperishable[sincebirthwillhavedeath],beingtheLord
ofbeings
|Ei v` i**
Takingholdofthenature,Ibegetbirthbymyown
vIh |Ei& i SS' <i*
InMypresense(alone),thecreatesthemovingandstationary
il S -- ' iYi{nlxix*
AndthusYour,theinscrutableentity,extremelydelusive!

+xixiYx f%vi**
Becauseofwhichfoolsgetledtothinknonself[body,mindetc]astheself.

< VMri Eh M*
Thisofhisislikeadarkcave

vvEx {bi VMi**

Bywhichtheworldissufferingduetothinkingofbeingbearerandbeingborne
[causeandeffect?]

+ ni hiM*
Oh,indeeditisdifficulttoovercomethis(dark)caveofoftheLord
iSki x k {' <i**
BecauseofwhichthedeludedpeopledontknowtheLord.
B ii '|n i ' <inx
Thussofar,starttingwithIconsidertheforgetfulness(ofown)natureitselftobe
thedeath
i& { i Eixlx
Thenatureofdeath,thetransienceofitseffects
izk SxExl ni
Andhavingshownitscauses,anditsvariouscalamities

Ex i x <iRC
Expectingthequestionastohowtoeradicate(death)

'B i Vx ni Yxx i`z i i&' <inx

StartingwithThusknowinghowdeathcomes,abidinginknowledge,onedoesnot
feardeath
+iYxn|{i ni i
Havingbeentoldsuchpossibilityoffearlessnessonlythroughselfknowledge

|RME Stu {i,

Havinggotclarfiedofthetwoquestions[whichtwoarethese?]inthepassing
E{Yx | vi]& -vi]&asks(thefollowingquestion)forunderstandingthenatureofaction

ninr Mx xi
EMx Ei *
il S iSUHi x
inlM S xi n&**
nii +r {li Mx Bnxi& & { xi EMx <Ihn{E Ei <i
ii il iSUH& {ix& H& Ei x {i +{nIh& <i x* x i&
Snxxnui Ehi, Ei nil&* E i iliHM |hi Si, ij -inlM i {ix VMn{nxilM S xi n&* i n n& |h xiil&* il
S i& -- '<xp & {{ <i' '+x Vi ii' 'x i ' 'niH
MhxMf' <i* il S Mxn& -- 'n Mh ni* +V%{ zi
ix%{ x* |Ei v` i** vIh |Ei& i SS' <i* il S -' iYi{nlxix* +xixiYx f%vi** < VMri Eh M*
vvEx {bi VMi** + ni hiM* iSki x k {'
<i**
B ii '|n i ' <inx i& { i Eixlx izk SxExl ni Ex
i x <iRC 'B i Vx ni Yxx i`z i i&' <inx +iYxn|{i
ni i |RME Stu {i, E{Yx | vi]& -vi] =S -rxSxi ESi
ilvxESnSxi*
v& {{x |ixi
=i v& |ixi {{** 22**
vi] =S -i =becausevx =gooddeeds+Sxi =practice< =inthisworldESi =some
il =andalso+vx =evildeedsESi =someothers< =inthisworld+Sxi =
practicev& =good{{x =byevil|ixi =getsneutralized =or =i =otherwise+
=Ohv& =good|ixi =defeats{{ =sin

vi] =S -i ESi < vx +Sxi il ESi < +vx +Sxi v& {{x |ixi =i + v& |ixi
{{**

vi]&asked
Becausesomepracticegoodinthisworldwhilesomeotherspracticeevilinthis
world,doesgoodgetdefeatedbyevilorgooddefeatsevil?
rx +Mxjnx +Sxi < E ESi*
Becasusesomepracticerituals(suchas)ritualsinthisworld
il +vxSxi*
While(some)doevil
E i v& {{x |ixi ?
Doestheirgood(ofthegoodpeople)getsdestroyedbytheevil(oftheevildoers)or
=i i v& |ixi {{?
Orotherwisethegooddefeatstheevil?
+l iixxih +xi{ x&? <i**
Oriftheyareequalinstrength,willonegetsdestroyedbytheother[inan
nondeterministicway]?
+n =x B, xxihxi x&*
Both(goodandbad)areseenintheignorant(andalsothat)onedoesnotget
destoyedbytheother.

n& {x{ YxMxx x <ik

Onotherhand,inthecaseofthewiseman,both(goodandbad)getdestroyedby
thefireofknowledge,henceHesays

vi] =S -rxSxi ESi

ilvxESnSxi*
v& {{x |ixi
=i v& |ixi {{**
rx +Mxjnx +Sxi < E ESi* il +vxSxi* E i v& {{x |ixi ?
=i i v& |ixi {{? +l iixxih +xi{ x&? <i**

+n =x B, xxihxi x&* n& {x{ YxMxx x <ik

xiVi =S -ixli { xi
Yxx ux|ixi r*
+lxl {h{i n
ilMi {{{i r** 23**
xiVi =S -ix =inthatli =engagedin =or+{ =even= =both =becauseorverily
xi =alwaysYxx =withknowledgeux =wiseman|ixi =destroysr =well
known+l =ontheotherhand+xl =theother{h =piety={i =begetsn =
embodiedil =thus+Mi =acquired{{ =sin={i =incursr =wellknown
xiVi =S -ux ix li +{ xi Yxx = |ixi r +l +xl n {h ={i il Mi {{
={i r**
Evenwhileengagedinactions(rightorwrong),themanofunderstandingverily
overcomesbothbypenance(and)knowledge.Thisissettled.Ontheotherhandthe
oneidentifiedwithbodydoesacquiremerit(ofgoodactions).Andsuchaonedoes
incursin(oftheirevilactionstoo).Thisis(also)settled.
B {]& | Mx xiVi& -Thusquestioned,xiViMxsays
ix {h{hiE Eh li%{ Ez{
Evenwhenengagedinthose,i.e.,intheactionscharacterizedbyrightandwrong,

= {h{hIh E xi xx ux Yxx |ixi xi*

Bypenance[Heisneitherelatedatwindfallnorelatedatmisfortunefortheresults
ofanyactionwhichmighttakeplaceincidentally](and)byknowledgethewiseman
overcomesbothkindsofactionscharacterizedbyrightandwrong.

ElinMi Yxx ux|ixii?

Howdowecometoknowthatthewisemanovercomes(bothrightandwrong)by
knowledge?

ij -- r |r iSUiii{h*
Forthathesaysitiswellknownbylogic,scriptures,tradition,historyand
Upanishads[{hx etc].

il S i& -- 'ti nOxl&' <in&;

AndsosaysthescriptureTheknots[ignorance]ofheartbreakasunderetc
'l {E{ +{ x xi Bn {{ E x i' <i;
Thatjustasthewaterdoesnotsticktoalotusleaf,(even)sinfulactdoesnotbind
(wiseman)

'itlEiMx |i |ni {{x& |nxi' <i

'il ux{h{{ v x\Vx& { {i' <i*
Thusthewisemancleansedoffgoodandbad,firmlyabidesinthesupreme(and)
pure

'+ < h v {{' <i*

That,likecleanseswithtail,(wisemancleanses)sins
'lv r%MxiEi%Vx' <i*
Arjuna,justasthewelllitfireburnsembersof(wisemangetscleansedofallactions)
+lxl YxxSi {h{i n ilMi {{{i ii S{RH*
Ontheotherhand,ifunenlightened,theembodiedincursthewrathoftheresultsof
(both)good(and)baddeeds

ElinMi <i Si,

Ifoneaskshowdowecometoknow
ij -- r |r in{ iii{hn*
Forthathesays,eventhisisverywellknownbylogic,scriptures,tradition,history
andUpanishathsetc[{hx etc].
il S i& -- '<]{i xx ` xxSU nxi |f&*
SosaysthescriptureConsideringtheritualsof<]{iasthemostsuperior,the
duludedonesdontcareforanythinggood
xE ` Eix i E {xxi' <i*
Havingreapedtheresults(ofthose)gooddeedsinheavens,theyreturntothisworld
again

'+xxn x i E +xvx ii&*

They(attain)thejoylessworldsfullofblindeingdarkness
ii |iMSUxi E Six Vx&' <i**

Thosewhodestroythemselvesheadthereoncedeparted(fromthisworld)

il n& -- 'jt ' <i,

SoalsotheLordn&says
'i i Ci ME ' <i S**
Andthattheyhavingenjoyedthem[fruitsoftheiractions]inthevastheavens[they
havetocomeback!]

En& +x B&, =ixihxix <i, ij

NowHesaysastowhywisemanenduresboth(goodandbad)whiletheignorant
getsdestroyed

xiVi =S -ixli { xi
Yxx ux|ixi r*
+lxl {h{i n
ilMi {{{i r**
B {]& | Mx xiVi& -ix {h{hiE Eh li%{ Ez{ = {h{hIh E xi xx ux Yxx |ixi
xi* ElinMi Yxx ux|ixii? ij -- r |r iSUiii{h* il S i&
-- 'ti nOxl&' <in&; 'l {E{ +{ x xi Bn {{ E x i' <i;'
itlEiMx |i |ni {{x& |nxi' <i 'il ux{h{{ v x\Vx& { {i'
<i* '+ < h v {{' <i* 'lv r%MxiEi%Vx' <i* +lxl YxxSi
{h{i n ilMi {{{i ii S{RH* ElinMi <i Si, ij -- r |r in{
iii{hn* il S i& -- '<]{i xx ` xxSU nxi |f&* xE ` Eix
i E {xxi' <i* '+xxn x i E +xvx ii&* ii |iMSUxi E Six Vx&'
<i** il n& -- 'jt ' <i, 'i i Ci ME ' <i S**
En& +x B&, =ixihxix <i, ij
Mi Eh Vi%l
{{ S{ Eh*
vh {{ |hni ux
v xi i r** 24**
Mi =havinggone= =bothEh =actionsVi =enjoys+l =impermanent
=good{{ =evilS =and +{ =evenEh =byactionsvh =byrighteousness{{ =
evil|hni =propel< =hereux =wisemanv& =righteousnessx =bystrength
<i =thusi =ofhimr =know

Mi = {{ +{ S +l Eh Vi < ux vh Eh {{ |hni i v& x <i

r**
(Theunenlightenedperson)havinggone(tootherworlds)reapsthefruitsofhis
goodandbadactions,whichareimpermanent.(Ontheotherhand)thewiseman
(whodedicatesallhisactionstotheLord)hereitself[withoutneedingtogohereand
there!]drviesawayallhissinswithhismerits.Knowthathismeritstobestronger
thanhissins.

v {v
i*
i h <i& |i
M xi |Ei** 25**
=thosev =insacrifices{v& =competition =powerfuli =among
powerful< =likei =theyh& =personseligibleforrituals<i& =fromhere|i =
havingdepartedM =toheavenxi =theyattain|Ei =gettoshineorenjoy
i h& v {v& i < <i& |i |Ei M xi **

Thosepeoplewhoareeligibleforperformingsacrifices,(andperformthem)witha
spiritofcompetition(withtheaimtoexcelothers)justasapowerful(kingwouldlike
tobecomestronger)amongthepoweful(kingstovanquishthem,tobecomeeligible
toenjoythefruitsoftheirsacrifices)inheavensafterdepartingfromthisworld(and)
attainglory.

v x S {v
i iVYxvx*
i h <i H&
M xi j]{** 26**
=thosev =insacrificesx =thereisnoS =and{v =nocompetitioni =them
ii =thatYxvx =meansofknowledgei =theyh =themenofknowledge<i&
=fromH& =havingbeenfreed M =heavensxi =attainj]{ =
i h v x S {v i ii Yxvx <i& H& M xi j]{**
Thosemenofknowledge,inwhosesacrificesthereisnomotive,whichistheir
meansofknowledge(i.e.,meansofpurificationofmindasanofferingtotheLord),
havingbeenfreedattainheavens(whichis).
{h Mn >vnMhi

Amongthepeopleengrossedinsensepleasures,becauseofhearingaboutsuperior
pleasures(inheavens),

iivxi Vi]n v {v P ii
TherewouldbecompetitionintheirmeanssuchasVi]etc.[{h&, <]{i etc.]
+niE]i v Ei +n{ J i*
Ishallperformsuperiorsacrificethantheothers(and)becomegainmorepleasures
thanthem!
i, l i Y& xi Vx o]
Justasthepowerfulamongthepowerful,likeapowerfulking,seeingpowerfulkings
+n{ k {tx Vi +n{ J i P ii iui*
MayIgainmorepowerthanthem,(and)defeathavingdefeatedthese,become
morepleasureable!.Likethathecompetes.

i RMi& h YvEh
Thoseattachedtotheresults(ofaction),versedintherituals,theeligibleonesofthe
rituals
<i& |i vnMh Mi M xIjn{h xi |{xxi |Ei*
Departingfromherebytherouteofsmoke,havinggonetoheavensgaineffulgence
intheformofstarsetc[andothercelestialbeingsetc.]
i S
Anddoscripturessay
'+l < <]{i nki{i i vxi' <i
ThusstartingwithThenhewhoworshipsin<]{i theybecomeonewithsmoke
'B V iqxz i n Ixi i{iilivx {xxixi' <i*
ThatHavingenjoyedthefood(pleasures)eatenbythosegodsaspertheireligibility
(offruitsofactions)theyreturn(totheearth)
xE]SixivxVi]n v x S {v P x ii
Thosewhodonothankerafterthesensepleasures
i x{Il Exi`i ii YnE E ruh Yxvx*
Forthem(who)performactionswithoutexpectingresults(but)asanofferingtothe
Lord,thoseactionssuchassacrificesetc.,[publicserviceetc.]arethemeansof
knowledgebypurification(ofmind)

Ii S Mx ruh Yxvxi
AndtheLordHimselfisgoingtospeakofthe(placeof)actionasanaccessoryto
knowledgebyitsabilitytopurify(themind)
'{hx {{ xi {Si Vi Yxn{ii' <i*
Thatovercomingtheevilbypietyonethengainsknowledge
Yn& rk& {ixiixMSUxi,
Thosesoulspurifiedbytheselflessactionscometorealizethesupremeselfastheir
ownself.
i h <i& +iEEhIhEi|i
Thosemenofknowledgehavingdepartedfromthisworldcharacterizedbycauseand
effect
H& M JIh {hxxn xi |{xxi*
Havingbeenfreedgainsupremebliss,theBrahman,characterizedbyhappiness
<iiMn Ih j]{i*
HecontraststhisM fromtheearlieronebyj]{
jviEni{&, kn, VOnn H {] {ii j]{*
Oneattains(onesown)truenature,freefromthethreekindsofafflictions,+viE
etc.[+vnE, +viE],or[threeMh&]k etc.[V, i],orthreestates,wakingetc
[dreamanddeepsleep]isj]{
+l, i]vEh {ii j]{**
Or,gains
<nx Sn h Eh x nxihnE Ei
Nowfromtheverycelibacyonwardshavingrenouncedallactions,havingresortedto
listeningtoscripturesetc.[xx, xnvx]
x li {{VES n& S
Talksofthetopicofthepersonwhoisestablishedinhisownnature,theasceticof
hishestorder,thewanderingmendicant,themanofknowledge

Mi Eh Vi%l
{{ S{ Eh*
vh {{ |hni ux
v xi i r**

 v {v
i*
i h <i& |i
M xi |Ei**
v x S {v
i iVYxvx*
i h <i H&
M xi j]{**
{h Mn >vnMhkivxi Vi]n v {v P ii
+niE]i v Ei +n{ J i* i, l i Y& xi Vx o]
+n{ k {tx Vi +n{ J i P ii iui* i RMi& h
YvEh <i& |i vnMh Mi M xIjn{h xi |{xxi |Ei* i S -- '+l <
<]{i nki{i i vxi' <i 'B V iqxz i n Ixi
i{iilivx {xxixi' <i* xE]SixivxVi]n v x S {v
P x ii i x{Il Exi`i ii YnE E ruh Yxvx* Ii S
Mx ruh Yxvxi -- '{hx {{ xi {Si Vi Yxn{ii' <i* Yn&
rk& {ixiixMSUxi, i h <i& +iEEhIhEi|i H& M JIh
{hxxn xi |{xxi* <iiMn Ih -- j]{i* jviEni{&, kn,
VOnn H {] {ii j]{* +l, i]vEh {ii j]{**
<nx Sn h Eh x nxihnE Ei x li {{VES
n& S
i CSnn Vx&*
xx xi ` xi Vx** 27**
i =ofhisE =wellS =gooddemeaner+& =saynn& =wellversedin
scripturesVx& =peoplex =dontBx =thisonexi =consider` =anybetter
=outsiders+xi =closerelativesVx =people
nn& Vx& i E S +& +xi Vx Bx ` x xi **
Thosepeoplewhoarewellversedinscripturessayhis[theonedescribedinthe
earlierverse]conducttobegood.(Heshouldbehaveinsuchamannerthat)neither
outsidersnorhiscloserelatives[evenwifeandchildren]shouldconsiderhim
exalted!
i H n& CSnn Vx&
Thosepeoplewhoarewellversedinscripturesspeakoftheconductofthedetached
manofknowledgeasthebest

xx Mx xi Sxii ` xi Vx {jjEjn +xi, <in*

Letnothebeconsideredhighlybythecloserelationssuchasoffspring,friends,wife
etc.[relativesetc.]andotheroutsiders
l {jjn x Mhxi, il iMS B ii <il&**
Justasoffspring,friendsetc.[wife,relativesetc.]dontunderstandhim,samewayhe
shouldbehaveunnoticedindeed[i.e.,hebehavesinaccordancewiththeirbehavior
butdoesnottrytoshowoff!Iftheydontrecognizehisgreatnessitdoesnotbother
him,nordoeshewanttocorrecttheirunderstandingtogarnertheirrespect].Thisis
themeaning.
Eo n% <i
Talksofthekindofplaceheshouldstay
i CSnn Vx&*
xx xi ` xi Vx**
i H n& CSnn Vx& xx Mx xi Sxii ` xi Vx
{jjEjn +xi, <in* l {jjn x Mhxi, il iMS B ii <il&**
Eo n% <i
j xi ` | ihnE*
+z{x S hiVVzxVi** 28**
j =wherexi =considered` =inabundance| =rain< =likeih =grass
=nE =water+z =food{x =drikingwaterS =andh& =manofknowledgeii =
thatVi =shouldlivex =shouldnot+xVi =haveconcernfor
| < ih =nE j ii +z{x S ` xi h& Vi x +xVi**

Themanofknowledgeshouldlivewherethereisabundanceoffoodandwaterjust
asgrassandwaterareabundantduringtherainyseason.Heshouldnotworry
(aboutgettingfoodandwater,forsuchworryisanobstacletomeditation)
j x MMSn{bi n +z{xn ` ti <i xi
Aplacewhichisnotinthereachof(wild)animalssoasnottobebotheredbythem,
(and)isconsideredtobeabundantinfoodandwater

| E ihnE ti iui*
Justasintherainyseasonthereisabundanceofwaterandgrass,likesuch
(abundance)

ih{i ESi -- 'ih{i Ji xVnxn' <i nxi*

Some(say)thatgrassandshrubsaresaidtobegrassandshrubsareknowntobe
thefoodandporridge
{Vn <i ESi*
ij li ii +z{xnE{Vi*
Stayingthere,heshouldsubsistonthatfoodandwater

xxVi i{i x i,
(But)shouldnotworry
+xl +z{xni n El x nj vni i{i i;
Otherwise(ifhestaysina)placelacksinabundanceoffoodandwater,hewouldbe
concernedaboutsubsistence
iiS x Mr&**
Andtherewouldbenoconcentrationinspiritualpractice
ij{vVx{ <i
Eventherehedescribesthekindofcompanyofpeopleheshouldkeep

j xi ` | ihnE*
+z{x S hiVVzxVi**
j x MMSn{bi n +z{xn ` ti <i xi | E ihnE
ti iui* ih{i ESi -- 'ih{i Ji xVnxn' <i nxi* {Vn <i ESi*
ij li ii +z{xnE{Vi* xxVi i{i x i, +xl +z{xni n El x nj
vni i{i i; iiS x Mr&**
ij{vVx{ <i
jElx |SUi *
+iHEx zi Vx&** 29**
j =where+Elx =totheonewhodoesnotspeak|SUi =give+ =
inauspicious =fear+iH =notinexcess< =asif+Ex =doesnotdo& =he
x =greatnessx =doesnot<i =otherVx& =people
j +Elx + |SUi +iH < +Ex & x <i Vx& x**
Whereto(this)personwhokeepstohimself(duetohisselfknowledge),people
meteoutinsultsandhumiliations,(but)dontmeteoutunduehonorsbeyondwhat

iscalledforinthecaseofanordinaryhumanbeing,thatplace(andthosepeople
alone)isgoodforhimnotothers(whereheisworshippedlikealord!)
j xn
Theplacewhere

+Elx ihi i |SUni

Ofthepersonwhokeepstohimselfbyconcealinghisgreatness

x ExSnSUz x ExSni j CSxx

Takinganyshelter,eatinganythingthatcomeshisway,notmindingtosleep
anywhere

+ix E {i&
Seeinghisownselfeverywhere
VbE{SniSi& {{VES
Oftheonewhohasattainedsuprememonkhoodandisamendicant,wanderinglike
aninert,dumb,child,unkempt
|SUi +EhxnE |SUi*
(Theplacewhere)peoplemeteoutridicule,humiliationetc.[dishonoretc.]

il +iHEx
Ontheotherhand(where)peopledonotoverdo

l ESi li|YIhY ni Yi |h{ixEn{Env {Vi

Justaswhenpeoplerecongnisesomeonetobeli|Y&(and)knowerofBrahman
worshiphimbyprostrations,saluationsetc.[garlads,honorsetc.]withdevotionlike
heisthelod
iunYii +iH hVij|H{ViH {Vxi nx{ +Ex
Duetotheconcealment(ofhisgreatness)anyvenerationbeyondjustwhatiscalled
forinthecaseofaordinaryBrahmin(but)notwhatisaccordedtoamanof
knowledge
+xnE Ex Vx&,
(where)peopleonlymeteouthumiliation

& + n& x,
Those(people)aregoodforthemanofknowledge


xi& & |h{in{Env {Vi*
Notanyotherwhoworshiphimasthelordwithprostrationsetc.[salutationsetc.]

il S Mxx& -AndthustheLordsays

'xnh uxuVi n*
Enlightenedpersonshouldshunhonorlikepoison
+i SERInx n' <i*
Thatheshouldwelcomehumiliationlikenectaralways

il S Mx{& -- 'xx { x Mr& Ei i&*

Mx{&saysBecausehonordoesextremedamagetotheoneengagedinM&

Vxxi M Mr S xni' <i**

The M whogetsputtohumiliationgainstheperfectioninM&
Eo iz Vi, +j
Inthiscontextnowhesayswhatkindoffoodshouldntbeeaten

jElx |SUi *
+iHEx zi Vx&**
j xn +Elx ihi i |SUni x ExSnSUz x ExSni j
CSxx +ix E {i& VbE{SniSi& {{VES |SUi
+EhxnE |SUi* il +iHEx l ESi li|YIhY ni Yi
|h{ixEn{Env {Vi iunYii +iH hVij|H{ViH {Vxi
nx{ +Ex +xnE Ex Vx&, & + n& x, xi& & |h{in{Env
{Vi* il S Mxx& -- 'xnh uxuVi n* +i SERInx n' <i*
il S Mx{& -- 'xx { x Mr& Ei i&* Vxxi M Mr S xni' <i**
Eo iz Vi, +j
Elx ix xxVi*
x{xu inz i i** 30**
& =hewho =or+Elx =taciturn =verily+ix =himx =doesnot+xVi =
harmorbother =ofBrahmin =wealthx =doesnot={xi =destroy =orii
=that+z =foodi =ineverywayi =good
& +Elx +ix x +xVi & x ={xi ii +z i i**

Hewhodoesnotbotherthetaciturn(monk),nordoesdamagethepossessionsof
theBrahmin,hisfoodisconduciveto(themonk)ineveryway.
+Elx ih i { Ei {hxxnix +li +ix xxVi x i{i
Hewhodoesneitherbotherthetaciturnperson,(he)havingwithdrawnfrom
everything[anydesirepromptedactivity,showoff,andindulgenceetc],firmly
abidinginthefullandblissfulself

x{xu x`vxi SVxE{iEnE x{xu*

Nordamageshisaccessoriesneededforspiritualpracticesuchasdeerskin,bark
garmentandbooksetc

il SH -- 'ixnE x Mx& |SIi* EESt Mx n& ' <i*

SoitissaidthatGems,goldetcarenotsaidbethewealthofthemonk(but)
garmentmadeofgrass,barketcare(saidtobe)thewealthofthemonk,

+xn{ h x{xu
AnddoesnotdamangetheposessionsoftheBrahmin
inz iz i i Vix**
Hisfoodisconducive(tothemonk)ineveryway,itbeingfithiseating
{x{ i S
FurthertalksabouttheMonkonly

Elx ix xxVi*
x{xu inz i i**
+Elx ih i { Ei {hxxnix +li +ix xxVi x i{i
x{xu x`vxi SVxE{iEnE x{xu* il SH -- 'ixnE x Mx&
|SIi* EESt Mx n&' <i* +xn{ h x{xu inz iz i i
Vix**
{x{ i S
xiYiS <i xi h&*
Yix i xv x xni ESx** 31**
xi =always+YiS =actionstoremainunnoticed =my<i =thatxi =ensuring
h& =wisemanYix =amongrelationsi =butx =livingv =inthemidstofx =
doesntB =indeedxni =gainESx =anything

h& xi +YiS <i xi i Yix v x x ESx xni B **

Thewisemanalwaystakescaretokeephisactionsinconspicousbut[orand?]he
doesnotgainanythingbylivingmidstoftherelationsatall.
xi xx +YiS MfS Eii xi h& i*
TheknowerofBrahmanthinksletmyactionsremainalwaysinconspicuous

Yix {jjEjnx v xv x x xni x |i{ti ESx ESn{*

Livinginthemidstofrelations(suchas)son,friends,wifeetc.)[Relativesetc]hedoes
notgainanythingatall.

ESxi ESi*
Somesaynever.
M x xni {jjEjnE {iV E ix` MfS nil&*
Themeaningisthatamonkshouldabideinhisownself(and)remaininconspicuos
bygivingupson,friends,wifeetc.)[Relativesetc]

il S i& -- 'E] {jnS nRMx S &* Y Y{i S iCi MfSxx&' <i*

AndsosaysthescriptureAmonkwould[foraseekeritisshould]remain
inconspicousbygivingupfamily,childrenandwife,allaspectsofvedicritualsand
sacrifices
il S Mx`& -- 'z xi x Sxi xi x i* x k x nk n ESi h&**
SosaysMx`&TheknowerofBrahmanisonewhoisneithergoodnorbad,
neitherwellreadnotwellread,neithergooddoernorevildoer[Thewiseman
transcendsbothgoodandbad,andhedoesnotfitintothedescriptionofsuch
dualities]
Vxz{ S v VbE +Si <i**
Eventhoughknowledgeable,thewisemanwould(should)behavelikean
unintelligentperson

<o Yxx`|{iIh I& xx, I{ni &*

Theideaisthattheliberationischaracterizedbytheabilitytoabideinthe
knowledgebysuchperson,butnotoftheotherswithbynumerousdistractions.

+l,
Or(itcouldalsomean)

'xiYiS

AlwaysabideintheUnknowable

+Yi SIti SMS +xnixiiYxixli +xt{] {hxxn{ xi

|iMi h
IntheUnknowable,i.e.,thatwhichisnotanobjectof(senseslike)eyesetc.,beyond
speech,everlastingselfknowledge,untouchedbyhungeretc[thirstetc],ofthe
natureoffullandbliss,allpervasive,onesoneSelf,intheBrahman
S x` vIh Ei,
Imustpracticeabidence(inBrahmandescribedasabove)

x {Minxp{jjEjn l% E% MSU i` C& Eh& E v& + {j% x{i

h% Ij% {j xMvxvn& <iiE Ei' <i xi h i*
(But)theknowerofBrahmanmustnotengageintheextrovertedthings(suchas)
body,senses,children,friends,spouseetc[relativesetc](norshouldheconsider
himselftobe)Iamfat,Iamlean,Iamgoing,Iamsitting,Iamimpotent[thebody],I
amoneeyed,Iamdumb,Iamdeaf[thesenses],Iamhisson,Iamherspose[the
relations],IamBrahmin,Iamroyal,mywife,myson,mywealth,Iamaffectionate,I
amfriend,Iamkindhearted[+n]etc.
il S i& -Sosaysscripture.
'SSI x {i x SI {i, in ' <i* nYi B h x` Ei, ii Yix
'Gvxn n Sxph S* Bi B Ji Yi nxi' <ixpnx YinxHii
<xpnx v x {x hx {x VQx MSUx +xx xx Vxz{ xix |jn{h
xni |i{ti, iiIinix&* il S i& -- '+l nn VQhi +i ' <i* nuirxiix
x Mhnil&**
Ei{x x Mi <i, +j
xiYiS <i xi h&*
Yix i xv x xni ESx**
xi xx +YiS MfS Eii xi h& i* Yix {jjEjnx v xv x
x xni x |i{ti ESx ESn{* ESxi ESi* M x xni {jjEjnE {iV E
ix` MfS nil&* il S i& -- 'E] {jnS nRMx S &* Y Y{i S iCi
MfSxx&' <i* il S Mx`& -- 'z xi x Sxi xi x i* x k x nk n ESi
h&** Vxz{ S v VbE +Si <i** <o Yxx`|{iIh I& xx,
I{ni &* +l, 'xiYiS +Yi SIti SMS
+xnixiiYxixli +xt{] {hxxn{ xi |iMi h S x` vIh
Ei, x {Minxp{jjEjn l% E% MSU i` C& Eh& E v& +
{j% x{i h% Ij% {j xMvxvn& <iiE Ei' <i xi

h i* il S i& -- 'SSI x {i x SI {i, in ' <i* nYi B h

x` Ei, ii Yix 'Gvxn n Sxph S* Bi B Ji Yi nxi'
<ixpnx YinxHii <xpnx v x {x hx {x VQx MSUx +xx xx
Vxz{ xix |jn{h xni |i{ti, iiIinix&* il S i& -- '+l nn VQhi
+i ' <i* nuirxiix x Mhnil&**
Ei{x x Mi <i, +j
E xiix h xii*
xRMS r uxuVi** 32**
E& =who =forB =likethis+xi =(of)inner+ix =selfh& =enlightend
personsxi =know+i =canxRM =devoidofdistinctions+S =unmoving
r =pureuxuVi =devoidofallduality
B +xi +ix xRM +S r uxuVi E& h& xi +i **
ForwhichenlightenedpersoncanknowtheSupreme,theinnerself(whichis)devoid
(any)distinctions,immovable,pure(and)beyondalldualitylikethis?[i.e.,theTruth
isnotanobjectofknowledge]
E
Forwho

xRM lIVi
Devoidofdistinctions,i.e.,devoidofgrossness(or)subtlety[Objectsmayhavegross
identificationssuchfor,feeloftouchetc.,orsubtlermarkingssuchassmelletc.And
selfdoesnothaveboth]

+S GEjnx
Immovavable,i.e.,devoidofactionanddoer[Foranygrossmovementispossible
onlyinaction]

r +tni
Pure,i.e.,withouttheblemishofignorance

uxuVi +x{{EViihJn&JnvVi
Freefromallthedualities,i.e.,withouthunger,thirst,delusion,age,death,cold,
heat,sorrow,andhappinessetc.[gain,lossetc.,]

+xiix xi |jnIhix xi
Innerself,i.e.,theself,inner(mostselfto)all,(including)theknoweretc[mind,
intellectetc]thewitness


B =Hx |Eh nuiri 'l% E% MSU { E v& Eh& J n&J' <i
Likethis,asinthemannerexplainedthus,Iamfat,Iamlean,Iamgoing,Iam
seeing,Iamdumb,Iamdeaf,Iamhappy(and)Iamsorrwful
h& x +i xi*
(Even)beingawisemancanknow[i.e.,noonecanknowtheselfobjectively]
il i hi iil&*

Ii S -- ' B iz{i Y hi' <i**

AndHeisgoingtosaythatButhealonewhodoesnotknow(theTruthobjectively),
heistobeknownastheknowerbyyou![HewhodoesnotknowtheTruth
objectively,knowhimalonetobetheknower!]
i xi {{xi
Hesaysbuthewhothinks(thattheTruthissomethingdifferentfromhimself)is
sinful

E xiix h xii*
xRMS r uxuVi**
E xRM lIVi +S GEjnx r +tni uxuVi
+x{{EViihJn&JnvVi +xiix xi |jnIhix
xi B =Hx |Eh nuiri 'l% E% MSU { E v& Eh& J
n&J ' <i h& x +i xi* il i hi iil&* Ii S -- ' B iz{i
Y hi ' <i**
i xi {{xi
%xl xiixxl |i{ti*
E ix x Ei {{ Shi{h** 33**
& =+xl =xi =+ix =+xl =|i{ti =E =ix =x =Ei ={{ =Sh =+i =
+{h =
& +xl xi +ix +xl |i{ti ix +i +{h Sh E x Ei {{ **
%xl xiix Yxix xRM r uxuVi Sinxxnuiix xi ix,
+xl nuirii 'Ei H J n&J l% E% + {j% x{i h% Ij%'
<iix |i{ti, E ix Jhxin +iShi{h x Ei {{* {iEn ix
Eiil&* il S i& -- '+ x i E +xvx i i&* ii |iMSUxi E Six Vx&'
<i* il SH -- 'h |{ E%z E v i* x{Gi i J PiE&' <i*
iuinxpn +i {iV +Yi B MtMS {ix x` Eiil&**

+xl nxpirxx{i& E iii +

%xl xiixxl |i{ti*
E ix x Ei {{ Shi{h**
%xl xiix Yxix xRM r uxuVi Sinxxnuiix xi ix,
+xl nuirii 'Ei H J n&J l% E% + {j% x{i h% Ij%'
<iix |i{ti, E ix Jhxin +iShi{h x Ei {{* {iEn ix
Eiil&* il S i& -- '+ x i E +xvx i i&* ii |iMSUxi E Six Vx&'
<i* il SH -- 'h |{ E%z E v i* x{Gi i J PiE&' <i*
iuinxpn +i {iV +Yi B MtMS {ix x` Eiil&**
+xl nxpirxx{i& E iii +
+xi& nxni
i x{p&*
] x ]i nh iE&** 34**
+xi& =i =+xni =i& =x{p& =]& =x =]i = =i =+h =i =
E& =
+xi& i +xni i& x{p& ]& x ]i i +h i E&**
& +xni +xiinxpirxiix x{nk, {& +xi& i H x i,
+xnnnvii* il S i& -- '+x{{ |h E x Vh
' <i* nuv irv i* Bxii x{p& i* Gvn%xi
={p&, irx x{p&, i& ]ix un& i& ]z i xSi VbSSi h
iE&**
<nxMfSh Eiz
+xi& nxni
i x{p&*
] x ]i nh iE&**
& +xni +xiinxpirxiix x{nk, {& +xi& i H x i,
+xnnnvii* il S i& -- '+x{{ |h E x Vh
' <i* nuv irv i* Bxii x{p& i* Gvn%xi
={p&, irx x{p&, i& ]ix un& i& ]z i xSi VbSSi h
iE&**
<nxMfSh Eiz

 l xixxi xii*
B i xixxi {Vxi** 35**
=l =xi =+xxi =& =xi =+i =B =i =xi =+xxi = =
={Vxi =
l xi +xxi & xi +i B i xi +xxi ={Vxi**
'f <i |H& S <i i&' <i nxi l & x f xi =nMhxxi, B
] n& i J{xi& +MfSh ixi, i xi =nMh +xxi {Vxi* nn
xix inn +i +xlil&* inMf& z]n Snil&**
<nx Mx |z
l xixxi xii*
B i xixxi {Vxi**
'f <i |H& S <i i&' <i nxi l & x f xi =nMhxxi, B
] n& i J{xi& +MfSh ixi, i xi =nMh +xxi {Vxi* nn
xix inn +i +xlil&* inMf& z]n Snil&**
<nx Mx |z
+xf x k +f n uV&*
i nv n|E{ tkxhix** 36**
+xf& =x =k =+f& =n = =uV& =i =nv& =n|E{ =ti =ix =h& =
ix =
+xf& x k +f& n uV& i nv& n|E{ ti ix h& ix**
+xf +i +Hix& x k V{jkn +f n
n|i{tii{OSvvx uV&, i nv n|E{ tkxh& ix {i
ti <il&**
ES x
+xf x k +f n uV&*
i nv n|E{ tkxhix**
+xf +i +Hix& x k V{jkn +f n
n|i{tii{OSvvx uV&, i nv n|E{ tkxh& ix {i
ti <il&**

ES x
x]Ei nxtt < ESx*
x x h x|ii ** 37**
x =]Ei& =nx =ti =& =< =ESx =x =x& =h =x =|ii =
=
x ]Ei& nx ti & < ESx x x& h x |ii **
x +Mxnx ]Ei& ` <] Exii* il S i& -- '] Ex]Ei' <i* nx |iEq
iMl ti < ESx niV{ h x x& hx n x x <il&* xinS,
x ni =qiMx l |ii Vx&
'<nMx <nxp' <i %{ |iM ni x x n, E H n{Vx x x
<i* il S Iv -- 'h x o ii %{ E {x&* <Vi x xjh Vx uVk&' <i* il
S Mxx& -- 'n& { i x ESn ti' <i**
{x{ i S
x]Ei nxtt < ESx*
x x h x|ii **
x +Mxnx ]Ei& ` <] Exii* il S i& -- '] Ex]Ei' <i* nx |iEq
iMl ti < ESx niV{ h x x& hx n x x <il&* xinS,
x ni =qiMx l |ii Vx&
'<nMx <nxp' <i %{ |iM ni x x n, E H n{Vx x x
<i* il S Iv -- 'h x o ii %{ E {x&* <Vi x xjh Vx uVk&' <i* il
S Mxx& -- 'n& { i x ESn ti' <i**
{x{ i S
|ix i xxi xi&*
x xx xi xx Vi** 38**
=+|ix =i =xxi = =xi& =x =xx& =xi =x =+x =Vi =
+|ix i xxi xi& x xx& xi x +x Vi**
n +|ix ihi { Ei x li Sn Eixx
nxiYxxSil {{VES MfSh ESuu& li|YIhY& ni i xxi
{Vxi Si, & i& {Vi ux x xx& +i x xi* il, li|YIhxxY& Vb <i i
+x Exi <i Si, ix +x xk xxVi xxi{i**
El i xixxix xi Eux

|ix i xxi xi&*

x xx xi xx Vi**
n +|ix ihi { Ei x li Sn Eixx
nxiYxxSil {{VES MfSh ESuu& li|YIhY& ni i xxi
{Vxi Si, & i& {Vi ux x xx& +i x xi* il, li|YIhxxY& Vb <i i
+x Exi <i Si, ix +x xk xxVi xxi{i**
El i xixxix xi Eux
Ek xxin*
u xxi <i xi xi&** 39**
Ek& = =x ==xi =n =u& =xxi =< =<i =xi =xi&=
Ek& x =xi n u& xxi < <i xi xi&**

+vn f EjVi&*
x x xxi <i xnxi&**40**
+vn& f& EjVi& x x xxi <i xi +xi&
+vn& f& EjVi& x x xxi <i xi +xi&**
nn u n xxi <i ik xxi k& E |k& <i xi* il, +xi
VxYi ux xi -- +vn f& Ex& EjVi& x x x xxi x{
x xxi <iinn & <i xi +xi& +{Vi ux**
<nx xxzi
Ek xxin*
u xxi <i xi xi&**
+vn f EjVi&*
x x xxi <i xnxi&**
nn u n xxi <i ik xxi k& E |k& <i xi* il, +xi
VxYi ux xi -- +vn f& Ex& EjVi& x x x xxi x{
x xxi <iinn & <i xi +xi& +{Vi ux**
<nx xxzi
x x& S x S i i& n*
+ x x iun&**41**

x = =x& =S =x =S =i =i& =n =+ =x =& = =+ =x =ii

=n& =
x x&S x S i i& n + x & + x ii n&**
x xS x S i BEj i&; n + |iInMS E Ci <i |{\S x &
<il&* + {E x E% ii n& ini h x* il Mx -- '$ iini xn
hjv& i&' <i* il SxMi -- '$ iiuh Si Vn|nx ' <i* iSUnS x
<il&* BinH i -- xi|{i&, xx |{i& <i* =H S hM -- '+zRMxnM
x <i i&* xxnJ|{iixi i&' <i**
<nx xl +{M ni
x x& S x S i i& n*
+ x x iun&**
x xS x S i BEj i&; n + |iInMS E Ci <i |{\S x &
<il&* + {E x E% ii n& ini h x* il Mx -- '$ iini xn
hjv& i&' <i* il SxMi -- '$ iiuh Si Vn|nx ' <i* iSUnS x
<il&* BinH i -- xi|{i&, xx |{i& <i* =H S hM -- '+zRMxnM
x <i i&* xxnJ|{iixi i&' <i**
<nx xl +{M ni

ui%v&
vi] =S -E x& Eiz x
| uz x*
xx ux{i x
El x xSxi** 1**
E Eo B& {H Mt{iIh x& i* Eiz Bihi{& x | ux, <
x x xx ihx ux{i x , +nxx? El x xSxi**
B {]& | Mx
vi] =S -E x& Eiz x
| uz x*
xx ux{i x
El x xSxi**
E Eo B& {H Mt{iIh x& i* Eiz Bihi{& x | ux, <
x x xx ihx ux{i x , +nxx? El x xSxi**
B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S -i x n x x
+x|xi ii%l x*
jili nnil
ixix i Vx** 2**
i& i n x Bx {ix xx|xi* il S i& -- 'i S xixi, +|{ x '
<i* ii& in Ehi B SMS& {i x* t EIhi {i? ij -- jili
nn& x +l xki ili nn& jnEh il&* +l, x nxJ =ili
SEix |H nn <il&* il nn|i{t& p{& + {i* n SMS& {i,
ElinMi p{& {ii? ij -- {i ixix ViixE i Vx*
BEx& xj& Ei <il&* +l, iii{hn Viix |ii* il S
i& -- 'i n Vi Vi& ' '+xi& Vi {xi i& Ihn& ' <i* il S Mx
-- 'Vi{ iVVii& {Si ' <i**
<nx n{Yx | vi]& -xiVi =S -i x n x x
+x|xi ii%l x*

jili nnil
ixix i Vx**
i& i n x Bx {ix xx|xi* il S i& -- 'i S xixi, +|{ x '
<i* ii& in Ehi B SMS& {i x* t EIhi {i? ij -- jili
nn& x +l xki ili nn& jnEh il&* +l, x nxJ =ili
SEix |H nn <il&* il nn|i{t& p{& + {i* n SMS& {i,
ElinMi p{& {ii? ij -- {i ixix ViixE i Vx*
BEx& xj& Ei <il&* +l, iii{hn Viix |ii* il S
i& -- 'i n Vi Vi& ' '+xi& Vi {xi i& Ihn& ' <i* il S Mx
-- 'Vi{ iVVii& {Si ' <i**
<nx n{Yx | vi]& -vi] =S -@S Vvi & n S uV&*
{{x Ex{{x {i x {i** 3**
& {{x Ex @Mnn +vi ix nvxx {i x ? BiuCii|&**
B {]& | Mx
vi] =S -@S Vvi & n S uV&*
{{x Ex{{x {i x {i**
& {{x Ex @Mnn +vi ix nvxx {i x ? BiuCii|&**
B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S -xx xS { V S SIh*
jxi Eh& {{z i l ** 4**
& {{x Ex @Mnnvi, xx |irSh @Mn n& {{i Eh& jxi x Ixi* x i l
Bii, xj& Ei <il&**
E Exii, Si, ij
xiVi =S -xx xS { V S SIh*
jxi Eh& {{z i l **
& {{x Ex @Mnnvi, xx |irSh @Mn n& {{i Eh& jxi x Ixi* x i l
Bii, xj& Ei <il&**

E Exii, Si, ij
x SUxn Vxkxi
x ix*
xb Exi < Vi{IUxnx |VxixiE** 5**
x SUxnx Vxi +vi xiE {{Eh +vin +vinl x vvVx ix
lSh ixi x Ixi* E Exii Si -- l Exi& {Ih& Vi{I& xb {iVxi, B
Uxn +xiE hE Bx i |Vxi {iVxi, x {l xiil&**
BH | vi]& -x SUxn Vxkxi
x ix*
xb Exi < Vi{IUxnx |VxixiE**
x SUxnx Vxi +vi xiE {{Eh +vin +vinl x vvVx ix
lSh ixi x Ixi* E Exii Si -- l Exi& {Ih& Vi{I& xb {iVxi, B
Uxn +xiE hE Bx i |Vxi {iVxi, x {l xiil&**
BH | vi]& -vi] =S -x Sun nn ji H SIh*
+l Ei|{% hx xix&** 6**
'En' <inx xix Ex S {iEn|{iiix xlii niii |ir Eh&
xEiixxlii niii x n nn ji HSi, +l Ei i& + |{& xix& Six
<il&* xliix nvxinlSinx`xx x Eixil&**
n |{& t B nl& i, +x B Mn& {{l IJ nl&; <i 'S
E{xS ii|{ivxYxvxxi&Ehrvxix {{h {lin n|i{ti* il - i {ix {{l ni n& -- '+xxn x i E +xvx ii&* ii |iMSUxi
+u%v Vx&' <i* MnEx{lixxxniEituix ni -- '+ix
SuVxni {&* ESUxE E xVi' <iin& EiEii ni -- '<
xi%l n#iu x Snnxi x]&* Biunii xili n&J{xi'
<iin%ii|{ixin& +ixxl|{i S ni -'nix{iix n\V* <x i x ii VM{i' <inCii{inlnxiix
ni Elx En Mniii& Eh i {{Eh Ii {{n
{ix {hxxn V IJ l{i i ii|{ivxYxvxnvxix
YnxxRH -- 'ii nxSxx h nxi Yx nxx i{xEx' <i* iknlix
Ynx {li* <ij i {x& Mn xnx{li, xliii* il S i& -'{ i +of Y{ +]nH E* BiSU %xxnxi f Vi i {x{ xi' <i*

n Iiivx|i{nEix xlxkii nx, iun& nn ji H Biii|i

Ejh -- ij |lx xi{I {{l {ix ni
vi] =S -x Sun nn ji H SIh*
+l Ei|{% hx xix&**
'En' <inx xix Ex S {iEn|{iiix xlii niii |ir Eh&
xEiixxlii niii x n nn ji HSi, +l Ei i& + |{& xix& Six
<il&* xliix nvxinlSinx`xx x Eixil&**
n |{& t B nl& i, +x B Mn& {{l IJ nl&; <i 'S
E{xS ii|{ivxYxvxxi&Ehrvxix {{h {lin n|i{ti* il - i {ix {{l ni n& -- '+xxn x i E +xvx ii&* ii |iMSUxi
+u%v Vx&' <i* MnEx{lixxxniEituix ni -- '+ix
SuVxni {&* ESUxE E xVi' <iin& EiEii ni -- '<
xi%l n#iu x Snnxi x]&* Biunii xili n&J{xi'
<iin%ii|{ixin& +ixxl|{i S ni -'nix{iix n\V* <x i x ii VM{i' <inCii{inlnxiix
ni Elx En Mniii& Eh i {{Eh Ii {{n
{ix {hxxn V IJ l{i i ii|{ivxYxvxnvxix
YnxxRH -- 'ii nxSxx h nxi Yx nxx i{xEx' <i* iknlix
Ynx {li* <ij i {x& Mn xnx{li, xliii* il S i& -'{ i +of Y{ +]nH E* BiSU %xxnxi f Vi i {x{ xi' <i*
n Iiivx|i{nEix xlxkii nx, iun& nn ji H Biii|i
Ejh -- ij |lx xi{I {{l {ix ni
xiVi =S
i xn{&
<n VMni x*
xn C|nxi n&
iu{nxi** 7**
i {ix {E{i& xn{& <n VMni x* ElinMi i
xn{n VMnii? '<xp & {{ <i' <i xi { xn i O{
'inin{x{xxii xixx' <i |nxi n&* il S -- 'u h
{ i Si S' <inx i iiiEiVVMi{ xn i O{ 'xi xi' <inx
|nxi n&* il -- '+ix +E& i&' <i nnvjxi i E xn E{xJx i
O{, 'i S xixi, +|{ x ' <inx |nxi n&* '+v M <i {n' <inx
xn|hxi i xk VMzn 'j xxi{i xxSUhi xxuVxi ' <inx i
O{ x i& { x li |nxi n&* x E n& |nxi, +{ i x%{ ii
{ {{i{ =nxi* il S Mx{& -- '|iiin ikjMS*
xit iVYx Yi** iSS h& { {{Jxk* iu{{Ih {ix&' <i*

<nx <lx`xx ii|{ivxYx{Iiruh {{h {li, +x

xliix{li S ni Eux
xiVi =S
i xn{&
<n VMni x*
xn C|nxi n&
iu{nxi**
i {ix {E{i& xn{& <n VMni x* ElinMi i
xn{n VMnii? '<xp & {{ <i' <i xi { xn i O{
'inin{x{xxii xixx' <i |nxi n&* il S -- 'u h
{ i Si S' <inx i iiiEiVVMi{ xn i O{ 'xi xi' <inx
|nxi n&* il -- '+ix +E& i&' <i nnvjxi i E xn E{xJx i
O{, 'i S xixi, +|{ x ' <inx |nxi n&* '+v M <i {n' <inx
xn|hxi i xk VMzn 'j xxi{i xxSUhi xxuVxi ' <inx i
O{ x i& { x li |nxi n&* x E n& |nxi, +{ i x%{ ii
{ {{i{ =nxi* il S Mx{& -- '|iiin ikjMS*
xit iVYx Yi** iSS h& { {{Jxk* iu{{Ih {ix&' <i*
<nx <lx`xx ii|{ivxYx{Iiruh {{h {li, +x
xliix{li S ni Eux
inlH i{ BinV
i {h{i ux*
{hx {{ xi {Si
Vi Yxn{ii** 8**
Yxx Six{i ux
x Sxl MxERI*
+xEi ii{M
+j RH {xi M** 9**
u{{i{ inlH nx* E? i{& ESUSxphn, <V Vi]n* E ii ii Si i <Vi{ + ux {HxMY& <l Exi`x {h ={i |{xi EVx{H
i* ix {hx {{ xi I{i {Si =kE I{iE Vi Yxn{ii
Yx|EiSinxxnui{ i* Yxx Six {ix ={i |{xi ux +ii* +xl
{xl Exx`xxI{iE x Yx i* in MxERI <xpxERI
MnxERI x +x E Ei ii YnE {M +j {E ii{RH* ii& Eh
{xi M M* il S i& - 'ixi{iilivx {xxixi'**
<nx unun{I Eh inlH i{ BinV
i {h{i ux*
{hx {{ xi {Si

 Vi Yxn{ii**
Yxx Six{i ux
x Sxl MxERI*
+xEi ii{M
+j RH {xi M**
u{{i{ inlH nx* E? i{& ESUSxphn, <V Vi]n* E ii ii Si i <Vi{ + ux {HxMY& <l Exi`x {h ={i |{xi EVx{H
i* ix {hx {{ xi I{i {Si =kE I{iE Vi Yxn{ii
Yx|EiSinxxnui{ i* Yxx Six {ix ={i |{xi ux +ii* +xl
{xl Exx`xxI{iE x Yx i* in MxERI <xpxERI
MnxERI x +x E Ei ii YnE {M +j {E ii{RH* ii& Eh
{xi M M* il S i& - 'ixi{iilivx {xxixi'**
<nx unun{I Eh + E i{i{i xj Vi*
hx i{& rx in ii** 10**
+x E i i{i{i i +xj +x E Vi <i x* hx n {x
& -- i{& r +i r i riiil&* il S i& -- 'n t Ei r{xn
in k i' <i* +x +xin Eh in ii x r i; Eh i i
ixjvx x riiil&**
i vi]& -+ E i{i{i xj Vi*
hx i{& rx in ii**
+x E i i{i{i i +xj +x E Vi <i x* hx n {x
& -- i{& r +i r i riiil&* il S i& -- 'n t Ei r{xn
in k i' <i* +x +xin Eh in ii x r i; Eh i i
ixjvx x riiil&**
i vi]& -vi] =S -El ril i{ i E*
xiVi in El t |** 11**
@Vii**
B {]& | Mx

vi] =S -El ril i{ i E*

xiVi in El t |**
@Vii**
B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S -xE i{iiiE {SIi*
Biiril i{ i xxl** 12**
nizE i{&, iiE {SIi E ViH* |{\S V xk i, iiEiH*
+x -- 'Mh li ik E ii Eli* Eninni VMinniE' <i* ii Bii B E
i{& ril S i xxl n xE x i E i in ril S x i**
Bin |i
xiVi =S -xE i{iiiE {SIi*
Biiril i{ i xxl**
nizE i{&, iiE {SIi E ViH* |{\S V xk i, iiEiH*
+x -- 'Mh li ik E ii Eli* Eninni VMinniE' <i* ii Bii B E
i{& ril S i xxl n xE x i E i in ril S x i**
Bin |i
i{n x {SU Ij*
i{ nu& { ii{x&** 13**
{]l& E&**
i V
i{n x {SU Ij*
i{ nu& { ii{x&**
{]l& E&**
i V
vi] =S -E i{ i xE i{&*
xiVi xn t M xix** 14**
'xE i{iiiE {SIi' <i i i{& E xiVi, x xEh i{ <n M
xix t**

B {]& | Mx
vi] =S -E i{ i xE i{&*
xiVi xn t M xix**
'xE i{iiiE {SIi' <i i i{& E xiVi, x xEh i{ <n M
xix t**
B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S -Gvn un n&
il xx S {i Vx*
Yxn un Siix&
j Mh ni uVx** 15**
Gvn un i{ n& il xx S {i Vx, i{ n&; il Yxn un S
+iix& ih& j nj ni Mh& uVx ixix Mhx nS Ii|&**
Gvnx ni
xiVi =S -Gvn un n&
il xx S {i Vx*
Yxn un Siix&
j Mh ni uVx**
Gvn un i{ n& il xx S {i Vx, i{ n&; il Yxn un S
+iix& ih& j nj ni Mh& uVx ixix Mhx nS Ii|&**
Gvnx ni
Gv& E i
+E{ xE { S*
< VM{ S Mhx
n V uni xh** 16**
Gv x E|iPini{tx& ibxGxni& ExiES +xi&EhI{ MjnE{xnRM&*
E& jt&* & {pSU, +Vi p il xMl S* & EiEiExi*
i xkSU* +E{ x`i* + Mh nEh, {MhnI * x&
+ixi* E& <]lMV%xi&EhI{& nxSxixnRM%|iE&* { MSU*
< {hi* VM{ {Mhx{xiSU i * Bi Gvn n& i{& E{& n V&
Mhx hx* hxiE]MhM& r&* il SH Mi -- ' ni{& S IxiV
S* Yx YxiC E V' <i* +l, Mh |{iMh&, ix |{iIhx Mhx

xix n Vx <il&* =H S xnv -- 'xi S |H kxi{* ii|{iMhH

Mh <i i&' <i**
i n Vi i
Gv& E i
+E{ xE { S*
< VM{ S Mhx
n V uni xh**
Gv x E|iPini{tx& ibxGxni& ExiES +xi&EhI{ MjnE{xnRM&*
E& jt&* & {pSU, +Vi p il xMl S* & EiEiExi*
i xkSU* +E{ x`i* + Mh nEh, {MhnI * x&
+ixi* E& <]lMV%xi&EhI{& nxSxixnRM%|iE&* { MSU*
< {hi* VM{ {Mhx{xiSU i * Bi Gvn n& i{& E{& n V&
Mhx hx* hxiE]MhM& r&* il SH Mi -- ' ni{& S IxiV
S* Yx YxiC E V' <i* +l, Mh |{iMh&, ix |{iIhx Mhx
xix n Vx <il&* =H S xnv -- 'xi S |H kxi{* ii|{iMhH
Mh <i i&' <i**
i n Vi i
BEEi Vxp x {{i*
{x%xi i Mh vE&** 17**
l Mh +xi Up {x xwxh{ vE Mxii, l S iSUp v ix xi; il i
xh xwxh{ Bi Gvn& BEE x {{i* +l, xx {{i <i {`&, ix BEE
{lE {lE xx {{i <i Vx* il SUp v ix Pxxi* iniE%{ n xEh*
n iin V <il&* =H S hM -- 'l {xl Exi QMn&*
={pEiuiGvt nMh xh' <i**
<nx x{iE
BEEi Vxp x {{i*
{x%xi i Mh vE&**
l Mh +xi Up {x xwxh{ vE Mxii, l S iSUp v ix xi; il i
xh xwxh{ Bi Gvn& BEE x {{i* +l, xx {{i <i {`&, ix BEE
{lE {lE xx {{i <i Vx* il SUp v ix Pxxi* iniE%{ n xEh*
n iin V <il&* =H S hM -- 'l {xl Exi QMn&*
={pEiuiGvt nMh xh' <i**
<nx x{iE
Muvx

nkxi{ E{h%x*
M| xi S u]
Bi { {i x{&** 18**
M M nr ii Mi vx& {{p Ei Bvx& vx&; +l,
uvx <i {`xi; u u E Ei |hx iuh vx&* nkxi{ & { vnv vxnE nk
{Si El nkxi i{i i nkxi{* E{h& iESnljix i &,
E{h&* +x YxVi&* M| <xpM|* xi S u] +xxh u] &* Bi {
{H& Gvn& {i x{&**
<nx Yxn un Mh =Sxi
Muvx
nkxi{ E{h%x*
M| xi S u]
Bi { {i x{&**
M M nr ii Mi vx& {{p Ei Bvx& vx&; +l,
uvx <i {`xi; u u E Ei |hx iuh vx&* nkxi{ & { vnv vxnE nk
{Si El nkxi i{i i nkxi{* E{h& iESnljix i &,
E{h&* +x YxVi&* M| <xpM|* xi S u] +xxh u] &* Bi {
{H& Gvn& {i x{&**
<nx Yxn un Mh =Sxi
Yx S i S n& i S
+i iiIx*
YS nx S vi& S
i un h** 19**
Yx iklnx* i llh ii S* n x nx* i +vijh* i
ixi, in& +i* & +EEh VV* iiI uxuhi* +x {nxEh*
Y& +Mx]n&, YS* nx h vxn{iM&* vi& xv{ <xpxO&* &
+xi&Eh{i&, &Eh{ii ESi* Bi Yxn i& {{lvxi& h**
'Yxn un Siix& ' <i {j |ii&, i hi&* <nx Mhii Ei
Yx S i S n& i S
+i iiIx*
YS nx S vi& S
i un h**
Yx iklnx* i llh ii S* n x nx* i +vijh* i
ixi, in& +i* & +EEh VV* iiI uxuhi* +x {nxEh*
Y& +Mx]n&, YS* nx h vxn{iM&* vi& xv{ <xpxO&* &

+xi&Eh{i&, &Eh{ii ESi* Bi Yxn i& {{lvxi& h**

'Yxn un Siix& ' <i {j |ii&, i hi&* <nx Mhii Ei
ii%|un&
{l |i*
juEi H&
Gu] xi xi** 20**
i Bi& {H& +|i | x Ei i xi i, {l |i |i +i
Ei* Bi v ju BEi& BEi +H&, Bixix{ xii Bi Gh ]
Yxx i xi& i xi**
<nx nnx Ejh
ii%|un&
{l |i*
juEi H&
Gu] xi xi**
i Bi& {H& +|i | x Ei i xi i, {l |i |i +i
Ei* Bi v ju BEi& BEi +H&, Bixix{ xii Bi Gh ]
Yxx i xi& i xi**
<nx nnx Ejh
n%]nn& i|iE Ei i*
+xi {x ih |iE i%i&** 21**
Eu%xS n& |h{bx*
{n%inS {i{%I vi&** 22**
+r& {{Ei S Si |Eii&*
BinH & n& nSi** 23**
n& +]nn& i +]nnxi i* Ei nii Si -- |iE Ei i Bixi
Ei n |iE Ei i* E i? +xi +llSx* {x {nhSx* ih {* |iE
|iEi* i& +Yx* +i& +li]&* +l, i& jMi&* Eu& ExuMSh*
+x& |hi&* n& VxESh* |h{bx n{h |hx* {n& I
{nhvx* +in& xlE%i|{&* {i{& ln&JSxix* +I uxuhi* +vi& <xpl
S{i* +r& vYxMh* {{Ei |irSh* +i* <i <il nn& |Eii&*
Bi& +xin& n& H Mh& & n <i =Si n&**
<nx nnx

n%]nn& i|iE Ei i*
+xi {x ih |iE i%i&**
Eu%xS n& |h{bx*
{n%inS {i{%I vi&**
+r& {{Ei S Si |Eii&*
BinH & n& nSi**
n& +]nn& i +]nnxi i* Ei nii Si -- |iE Ei i Bixi
Ei n |iE Ei i* E i? +xi +llSx* {x {nhSx* ih {* |iE
|iEi* i& +Yx* +i& +li]&* +l, i& jMi&* Eu& ExuMSh*
+x& |hi&* n& VxESh* |h{bx n{h |hx* {n& I
{nhvx* +in& xlE%i|{&* {i{& ln&JSxix* +I uxuhi* +vi& <xpl
S{i* +r& vYxMh* {{Ei |irSh* +i* <i <il nn& |Eii&*
Bi& +xin& n& H Mh& & n <i =Si n&**
<nx nnx -n%]nn& kM i bv&*
{& i Bi nn =ni&** 24**

n%]nn& i iMS bv i* {& i Bi +xinxi& nnix i&, i Bi

{& i& in{ix i& nn& nxE& =ni&* E i?
i{xih|iEi%iEuxxn|h{nxin{i{Ivinv{{Ei <ii nxE =ni&**

'iM

i bv& '<iH* ij

n%]nn& kM i bv&*
{& i Bi nn =ni&**
n%]nn& i iMS bv i* {& i Bi +xinxi& nnix i&, i Bi
{& i& in{ix i& nn& nxE& =ni&* E i?
i{xih|iEi%iEuxxn|h{nxin{i{Ivinv{{Ei <ii nxE =ni&**

'iM

i bv& '<iH* ij

i bviMiiij nE&*
ix n&J ixi iiH Vi i** 25**

x i bviM&; ij Bi bviM v ii& iM nE i n&J{t&* ix

iix iMx n&J +viEnnz ixi ix iM Ei i Vi i**

iM]E ni

i bviMiiij nE&*
ix n&J ixi iiH Vi i**
x i bviM&; ij Bi bviM v ii& iM nE i n&J{t&* ix
iix iMx n&J +viEnnz ixi ix iM Ei i Vi i**

iM]E ni

+i Sx {jxk nni i*
<]{i ui zi MMi&** 26**
EiMS Vxp ii <i i&*
+|n ni& S{]Mh i&** 27**

+i M Sx {jx k nni <i i inikMu hh v |l* <]{i ui i <] i

Eh qx* {i iEh* <] n nk, {i {i <i ESi* xi MMi&
rkxiinnnx& ii Hi vxn{iM& EiMS Vxp, ii <i i&*
Eiiii + -- +|ni* +|nx E xi* =H Vv -- '+{vx v %l
xMx* +|n& E & Mhvx&'* Bi& b& xi& iM&, & +|n i* & +|n&
+]Mh& +]Mh& xi i**

E i? ix ni
+i Sx {jxk nni i*
<]{i ui zi MMi&**
EiMS Vxp ii <i i&*
+|n ni& S{]Mh i&**

+i M Sx {jx k nni <i i inikMu hh v |l* <]{i ui i <] i

Eh qx* {i iEh* <] n nk, {i {i <i ESi* xi MMi&
rkxiinnnx& ii Hi vxn{iM& EiMS Vxp, ii <i i&*
Eiiii + -- +|ni* +|nx E xi* =H Vv -- '+{vx v %l
xMx* +|n& E & Mhvx&'* Bi& b& xi& iM&, & +|n i* & +|n&
+]Mh& +]Mh& xi i**

E i? ix ni
i vx vx St M S*
+i S S ilO B S** 28**

i llh* vx Si& ESSU hb{n iviiiSUnx |k&* vx

|hx t{ Ei ESinxxnuiixlx* St, 'E% E Ei '<in*
M o]xEihi* +i& +Six p * +iSH -- '%xl xiix'<i*
S +]RMlxiM&* il SH -- 'h Eix EIh Mh* E{%vS

Gx{k S**Bixlx]RM |nxi xh&* {i Sin]Ih'<i* +O& +{O&

{jnIjnx* Bix{{i**

nx Vni
i vx vx St M S*
+i S S ilO B S**
i llh* vx Si& ESSU hb{n iviiiSUnx |k&* vx
|hx t{ Ei ESinxxnuiixlx* St, 'E% E Ei '<in*
M o]xEihi* +i& +Six p * +iSH -- '%xl xiix'<i*
S +]RMlxiM&* il SH -- 'h Eix EIh Mh* E{%vS
Gx{k S**Bixlx]RM |nxi xh&* {i Sin]Ih'<i* +O& +{O&
{jnIjnx* Bix{{i**

nx Vni
B n nHixnx{Vi*
niM%|n& i S{]Mh i&** 29**

n%]nn& ni n =H&, ix nx {Vi* Eni -- i n iH |n x

nil&* %{ +|n& +]Mh i&; 'i vx'<inx {q]inil&**

<nx iii& Gi
B n nHixnx{Vi*
niM%|n& i S{]Mh i&**
n%]nn& ni n =H&, ix nx {Vi* Eni -- i n iH |n x
nil&* %{ +|n& +]Mh i&; 'i vx'<inx {q]inil&**

<nx iii& Gi
ii Vxp i E& |i`i&*
ii iJx& i ii** 30**

ii i{ Vxp, i E& |i`i& ii iJx i|vxx ivxix +&*

i +ii; +i I&**
ii Vxp i E& |i`i&*
ii iJx& i ii**
ii i{ Vxp, i E& |i`i& ii iJx i|vxx ivxix +&*
i +ii; +i I&**

xkx nh i{iSi*
Birj Ei k i i ** 31**

xkx nh 'Gvn&'<inx {Hni& x i{iSi* Bii vj {h Ei k i

i **

<nx 'El ril'<ixx ={Gxil{i

xkx nh i{iSi*
Birj Ei k i i **
xkx nh 'Gvn&'<inx {Hni& x i{iSi* Bii vj {h Ei k i
i **

<nx 'El ril'<ixx ={Gxil{i

niH i Mhi& xi*
Biiril i{ i E** 32**

ni& 'Gvn&'<inx {H& H i Mhi& YxnS xi i Biiril i{ i

E**

E x
niH i Mhi& xi*
Biiril i{ i E**
ni& 'Gvn&'<inx {H& H i Mhi& YxnS xi i Biiril i{ i
E**

E x
x {SU Vxp I{kn i*
Bii{{ r VxiV{** 33**

Vxp, x {SU ii I{i i& i, Bii Ih {{ r VxiV{**

E ini Si, ij

x {SU Vxp I{kn i*

Bii{{ r VxiV{**

Vxp, x {SU ii I{i i& i, Bii Ih {{ r VxiV{**

E ini Si, ij

<xpS {\S xS i*
+iixMiS HSi J i** 34**

i, <xp& & {\S& ix& xS il +ii& +xMiS HSi, J i

H B nil&**

BH, | vi]& -

<xpS {\S xS i*
+iixMiS HSi J i**

i, <xp& & {\S& ix& xS il +ii& +xMiS HSi, J i

H B nil&**

BH, | vi]& -

vi] =S --
+Jx{\Sn` Eili Vx&*
il Sx SinjnS il{** 35**

unSEnS +xSS il{*

Bi %vE n h** 36**

+Jx {h {\S nx i +Jx{\S&* i SUxnM -- '<i{h {\S'<i* i&

+Jx{\S& n& ` +il Eili Pi xi nvE%i* Eli <i ESi{`xi*
+Jx{\Sn& ESVVx& {\Sni Eli <il&* il Sx Sin& jn& +{ un& BEnS
+xSS il +{ {iH@Mnn& +{* Bi x +vE ` , h n t**

B ESinxxnuiixli&, B h <i nx iniH inYxi

ni

vi] =S --
+Jx{\Sn` Eili Vx&*
il Sx SinjnS il{**

unSEnS +xSS il{*

Bi %vE n h**

+Jx {h {\S nx i +Jx{\S&* i SUxnM -- '<i{h {\S'<i* i&

+Jx{\S& n& ` +il Eili Pi xi nvE%i* Eli <i ESi{`xi*
+Jx{\Sn& ESVVx& {\Sni Eli <il&* il Sx Sin& jn& +{ un& BEnS
+xSS il +{ {iH@Mnn& +{* Bi x +vE ` , h n t**

B ESinxxnuiixli&, B h <i nx iniH inYxi

ni

BEn SYxuni %x*

iE Vxp i ESnli&** 37**

BE n -- tn{ +xn{, nx n& -- BEui p{il&* i BEn

h%xMoMn n& %x* +j @Mn n& ii|i{kl S Exi <i nJx{&* +l,
n vxii n&* nxi nxvxi <i n&* +l, vxix xi <i n&* +l,
h +ii i <i n&* n Sh, n k, n Yx, n , Bi vix
ixi i, ii n <iH&* inEn{ Ei Si, 'i Yxxxi '<i i&* ii i
BEn{ h%xMun Ji& ninlnxi&* Vxp, i{ E Yi i
h li%? ESi {x& i +li& |i`i <i**

h
BEn SYxuni %x*
iE Vxp i ESnli&**
BE n -- tn{ +xn{, nx n& -- BEui p{il&* i BEn
h%xMoMn n& %x* +j @Mn n& ii|i{kl S Exi <i nJx{&* +l,
n vxii n&* nxi nxvxi <i n&* +l, vxix xi <i n&* +l,
h +ii i <i n&* n Sh, n k, n Yx, n , Bi vix
ixi i, ii n <iH&* inEn{ Ei Si, 'i Yxxxi '<i i&* ii i
BEn{ h%xMun Ji& ninlnxi&* Vxp, i{ E Yi i
h li%? ESi {x& i +li& |i`i <i**

h
Bx n iii |Y i xin*
nxvx Y n |ii** 38**

El? x Si, ij ni iSUh

Bx n iii |Y i xin*
nxvx Y n |ii**

El? x Si, ij ni iSUh

ii|Sxx
E{ ilx*
ii& E |ii
ixvhi** 39**

ii iYxnIhi h& |Sxx E{iMx +xix nni{zx E{

il +x l xi, EiE{n x vxiil&* ii& E YnE |ii ii i*
inii i inIh h& +xvhi +xMi +iYxxkii

i{ixiix Iz Vxi, in i{ji En Mniii& Eh

x%iE{& M{znvx ii <il&**

<nx hIh
ii|Sxx
E{ ilx*
ii& E |ii
ixvhi**
ii iYxnIhi h& |Sxx E{iMx +xix nni{zx E{
il +x l xi, EiE{n x vxiil&* ii& E YnE |ii ii i*
inii i inIh h& +xvhi +xMi +iYxxkii
i{ixiix Iz Vxi, in i{ji En Mniii& Eh
x%iE{& M{znvx ii <il&**

<nx hIh
tn{` i i Mi h*
B iz{i Y hi** 40**

{` i +Jx{\Snvx Mi ti x Ii hi* Ei J h <i Si -- B

ii inIhi x{i, ESinxxnuiixi`i <il&* & B Y hi,
xi&, & ii|Si%Eil& x Eh |ii* il S n h ni i& -- 'x Sx S
xtl h& h&'<i, '{{ V%SEi h i'<i S**

nin n, in vi; x S vi, +x{iun <i; ij

tn{` i i Mi h*
B iz{i Y hi**
{` i +Jx{\Snvx Mi ti x Ii hi* Ei J h <i Si -- B
ii inIhi x{i, ESinxxnuiixi`i <il&* & B Y hi,
xi&, & ii|Si%Eil& x Eh |ii* il S n h ni i& -- 'x Sx S
xtl h& h&'<i, '{{ V%SEi h i'<i S**

nin n, in vi; x S vi, +x{iun <i; ij

Uxn x u{n `
SUxnMx xi ij*
Uxnnix S ixvi
Mi n x t&** 41**

u{n `, Uxn n& SUxnMx, SUxni vxi, lEil&* ij {ix xi ij

|h xi* i S -- ' n i{nxxi'<i* nS t&'<i S* {l{iun

iniH +xiSn&Jxrix {lii ii{iVYxiivx|i{nEix nx

|hil&* i n& SUxnMx ij {ix |h xi, ix S ix ix nx +vi +vM
nxihnE Ei Mi& |{i& n p{ {ix& { x t |{\S +& {hbi n&**

B i nti '+xn iuninl +ninv''i S xixi, +|{ x '<iniv&

|ViiRC

Uxn x u{n `
SUxnMx xi ij*
Uxnnix S ixvi
Mi n x t&**
u{n `, Uxn n& SUxnMx, SUxni vxi, lEil&* ij {ix xi ij
|h xi* i S -- ' n i{nxxi'<i* nS t&'<i S* {l{iun
iniH +xiSn&Jxrix {lii ii{iVYxiivx|i{nEix nx
|hil&* i n& SUxnMx ij {ix |h xi, ix S ix ix nx +vi +vM
nxihnE Ei Mi& |{i& n p{ {ix& { x t |{\S +& {hbi n&**

B i nti '+xn iuninl +ninv''i S xixi, +|{ x '<iniv&

|ViiRC

x nx ni ESni
nx n x nx t*
n n S n t
n t x n i** 42**

x nx @Mnx v ESn{ n& {ix SMS p{ ni +i* Ei? i nx

@Mn{h Vbx n p{ {ix x n& x t |{\S{ t x n& nvxiir&* i
nvx r& ii n Vxi n p{ {ix, S n t <n * il S i& -'+ix + nxx hx i Yxxn ni'<i* n t <i { x n x Vxi i
inIh {ix**

xx i 'nx n x nx t'<i ni +xin& |{\SriH i <iRC

x nx ni ESni
nx n x nx t*
n n S n t
n t x n i**
x nx @Mnx v ESn{ n& {ix SMS p{ ni +i* Ei? i nx
@Mn{h Vbx n p{ {ix x n& x t |{\S{ t x n& nvxiir&* i
nvx r& ii n Vxi n p{ {ix, S n t <n * il S i& -'+ix + nxx hx i Yxxn ni'<i* n t <i { x n x Vxi i
inIh {ix**

xx i 'nx n x nx t'<i ni +xin& |{\SriH i <iRC

n nx S n t
x i nnn x n&*
il{ nx nxi n
h nn xi** 43**

n Vxi nx @Mnx, S n t %{ +xin zx nxx t |{\S n* xx i ti

{ix{ VxniRC -- x i {ix SMS n& nn x n& n +{ x i n& x i
Exiil&* xx i El{xn niRC -- il{ nx nxi n {ix t{
Mt , il{ nx @Mnx nxi Vxxi n p{ {ix* E i? h nn xi
nx n|i{nx|E Vxxiil&**

El i n& |i{nxiiRC

n nx S n t
x i nnn x n&*
il{ nx nxi n
h nn xi**
n Vxi nx @Mnx, S n t %{ +xin zx nxx t |{\S n* xx i ti
{ix{ VxniRC -- x i {ix SMS n& nn x n& n +{ x i n& x i
Exiil&* xx i El{xn niRC -- il{ nx nxi n {ix t{
Mt , il{ nx @Mnx nxi Vxxi n p{ {ix* E i? h nn xi
nx n|i{nx|E Vxxiil&**

El i n& |i{nxiiRC

M il n
l J S *
nx%{lxxi
ix xi {ix%l** 44**

M 'jSxp&'<i i& SxpM |i{SSxpEnx l I J ii, il

n& il {ix& {i nx xi +xx +l {{l{ {hxxn{ i xi, x {x&
IuSMS {ix |i{nxii +xxi**

B nx n{i|i{nx|EM S] %{ h <i
M il n
l J S *
nx%{lxxi
ix xi {ix%l**
M 'jSxp&'<i i& SxpM |i{SSxpEnx l I J ii, il
n& il {ix& {i nx xi +xx +l {{l{ {hxxn{ i xi, x {x&
IuSMS {ix |i{nxii +xxi**

B nx n{i|i{nx|EM S] %{ h <i
+Vx h
+Ji SIh*
B %Vxi
Vxi { ii** 45**

n|i{nx|E S], i +Ji SIh h +Vx* xx {hbinE xtli

i h '+l h& <i, ElSi +Vx hJi SIh <i? ij -- B nx
nx{i|i{nx|E H %Vxi, Vxi { ii { Vxi <i* {hbi
xt li&, & I| nE xt h iil&**

iix` hi|r&, ii { x ni
+Vx h
+Ji SIh*
B %Vxi
Vxi { ii**
n|i{nx|E S], i +Ji SIh h +Vx* xx {hbinE xtli
i h '+l h& <i, ElSi +Vx hJi SIh <i? ij -- B nx
nx{i|i{nx|E H %Vxi, Vxi { ii { Vxi <i* {hbi
xt li&, & I| nE xt h iil&**

iix` hi|r&, ii { x ni
x {h MSUi
|il EnSx*
+Sxz n
ii& {i i |** 46**

'Sxph

n%E B S* +xi P& j Mx& i&'<i nxi x +ix&

|il |i{Ii nxpnn {h {i Bh MSUi xh{ x nil&* +Sxx
SEx < |iMix n ={xi iknC ii& {Si {i i | {ix +iix
Vxiil&* +l, xix& {h +xh MSUi |il |i{Iinxpn, nxpirxiix x
Mhnil&* +Sxx nxpirxiixSxx iiIhix |i{tx& ik{nlvxxxi
< |jnIh {ix {i, nxpirxiix|i{txiknC& {ixiix
{iil&**

x {h MSUi
|il EnSx*
+Sxz n
ii& {i i |**

'Sxph

n%E B S* +xi P& j Mx& i&'<i nxi x +ix&

|il |i{Ii nxpnn {h {i Bh MSUi xh{ x nil&* +Sxx
SEx < |iMix n ={xi iknC ii& {Si {i i | {ix +iix
Vxiil&* +l, xix& {h +xh MSUi |il |i{Iinxpn, nxpirxiix x
Mhnil&* +Sxx nxpirxiixSxx iiIhix |i{tx& ik{nlvxxxi
< |jnIh {ix {i, nxpirxiix|i{txiknC& {ixiix
{iil&**

ihi ={i
x SSUxx +{*
+ii
xxi{xi** 47**
i {iMx +inxr&, ii ihi& Ex Ei iiH {iV
E i ix E ={i, x SSUxx +{ SU x Ei* ihi& { Ei
ix E ={i, + ihi h +{nIh +ii +Jnil&* i S -' hi ix i +i hi ix '<i* +xxi +i{& x x i& { {
+ix +{xi <il&**

ihi ={i
x SSUxx +{*
+ii
xxi{xi**
i {iMx +inxr&, ii ihi& Ex Ei iiH {iV
E i ix E ={i, x SSUxx +{ SU x Ei* ihi& { Ei
ix E ={i, + ihi h +{nIh +ii +Jnil&* i S -' hi ix i +i hi ix '<i* +xxi +i{& x x i& { {
+ix +{xi <il&**

x{ Bi
xr xi
xhxxx&*
+I i i n
x` =Si** 48**

xi {Hi ihn xi, x {x& +hxji x& i* i{ ihix v i {x&

+I +xx i {ix n '+'<i IVVxi, x` =Si* i S -- 'Bi ni
xi'<i**

Eh%{ Bi
x{ Bi
xr xi
xhxxx&*

+I i i n
x` =Si**
xi {Hi ihn xi, x {x& +hxji x& i* i{ ihix v i {x&
+I +xx i {ix n '+'<i IVVxi, x` =Si* i S -- 'Bi ni
xi'<i**

Eh%{ Bi
lx EhuEh =Si*
ixi Eh Eii ikl** 49**

lx Ehi Eh =Si* x {x& nEnEhi Eh i* i lx Ehi

Ehi, ii& Ei Si, ixi Eh {HnIr x{|{\S Eh* i S -'+xx Vxixx| x{ Eh'<i* inh B IuEhi* Eii ikl +{
ux ii il Eii Eh&**

Y%{ Bi
lx EhuEh =Si*
ixi Eh Eii ikl**
lx Ehi Eh =Si* x {x& nEnEhi Eh i* i lx Ehi
Ehi, ii& Ei Si, ixi Eh {HnIr x{|{\S Eh* i S -'+xx Vxixx| x{ Eh'<i* inh B IuEhi* Eii ikl +{
ux ii il Eii Eh&**

Y%{ Bi
|iIn Ex
n z&*
i h i`&
iuuxni** 50**

|iIn Ex & |iIh nx Ex {i, n x i { {ix {i* + {x&

i inIh h i`x x& nvi* iuux inIh ux +iix Vxx ni
Vxiil&* in B Ii Y&, x +xijn**

'ii&'<inx

|iIn Ex
n z&*
i h i`&
iuuxni**

=Hl {x{ ni +Eii|nxl

|iIn Ex & |iIh nx Ex {i, n x i { {ix {i* + {x&

i inIh h i`x x& nvi* iuux inIh ux +iix Vxx ni
Vxiil&* in B Ii Y&, x +xijn**

'ii&'<inx

=Hl {x{ ni +Eii|nxl

Yxn li%{ Ij {i*

nx S{h Siuux i** 51**

Yxn 'Yx S'<inx {H li%{ l i i`x {i B {i* nx S{h

nxih{Eil&* +l, Mhxivxii -- Yxn li%{ x E ixjh {i; +{ i B
Ih|Eh nxiS{h nxihn{E {i * Bii nxix S|E ux, i
Ii|&**

<i xiVi ui%v&**

Yxn li%{ Ij {i*
nx S{h Siuux i**
Yxn 'Yx S'<inx {H li%{ l i i`x {i B {i* nx S{h
nxih{Eil&* +l, Mhxivxii -- Yxn li%{ x E ixjh {i; +{ i B
Ih|Eh nxiS{h nxihn{E {i * Bii nxix S|E ux, i
Ii|&**

<i xiVi ui%v&**

ii%v&
vi] =S --
xiVi n {l
S n {*
{ E n El
| C E** 1**

xiVi, i i < {l =iE]l xvx S n { xx{ { =k

E EM |{\S n h{C El | Ci E, k S
{{lvxi n n, ik Hi|&**

B {]& | Mx
vi] =S --
xiVi n {l
S n {*
{ E n El
| C E**
xiVi, i i < {l =iE]l xvx S n { xx{ { =k
E EM |{\S n h{C El | Ci E, k S
{{lvxi n n, ik Hi|&**

B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S --
xin ihx
x {SURMh Vx*
r |x x |Sxi
t Sh ** 2**

xin ihx {h i {SURMh Vx* El i i -- r

+viE |x x |Sxi t ; n {x& E{E{iE x & {i ix
xS iil&* r |x x |Sxi, t Sh Ihx **

E S

xiVi =S --
xin ihx
x {SURMh Vx*
r |x x |Sxi
t Sh **

xin ihx {h i {SURMh Vx* El i i -- r

+viE |x x |Sxi t ; n {x& E{E{iE x & {i ix
xS iil&* r |x x |Sxi, t Sh Ihx **

E S

+t t n i{
|{i Sh n&*
|{x i iVxi
tMr xi** 3**

+t ni t n i{ {l{ i* u, +t +Ei +i|{\S

t n* inihx Snvx{ix ={ixi&Ehx il&* |{i Sh n&
|{x i iVxi tMr Mh t|nxnx vi xi xi**

BH SYx vi]& -+t t n i{

|{i Sh n&*
|{x i iVxi
tMr xi**
+t ni t n i{ {l{ i* u, +t +Ei +i|{\S
t n* inihx Snvx{ix ={ixi&Ehx il&* |{i Sh n&
|{x i iVxi tMr Mh t|nxnx vi xi xi**

BH SYx vi]& -vi] =S --

Sh t C ni\V*
iiEl S niuux ** 4**

t Sh ni C, ii vxi S El i* Bii S ux, **

B {]& | Mx

vi] =S --
Sh t C ni\V*
iiEl S niuux **

t Sh ni C, ii vxi S El i* Bii S ux, **

B {]& | Mx

xiVi =S -+Sx |

i M S nxi*
< i jE xi
n { xi i** 5**

+Sx | +S{ Miil&* i M ={nxnx i S MnE Sxi

Exi, < +x E i jE xi; jEi& {hbi&; ii nE xt h i
+vEI n { xi i inIh {ix |{xxi**

ES

xiVi =S -+Sx |
i M S nxi*
< i jE xi
n { xi i**

+Sx | +S{ Miil&* i M ={nxnx i S MnE Sxi

Exi, < +x E i jE xi; jEi& {hbi&; ii nE xt h i
+vEI n { xi i inIh {ix |{xxi**

ES

+ E Vxi Ex
lixiiIh&*
i +ix xxi nx
\VnE vi** 6**

+x E Vxi Ex li h li +xiiIh& +xnx Ih& i +ix

nxpn xE iiIh Sxj xxi {lCExi* E? \VnE l \VnExi&l
xxi, B E{\SE xE ix |i{txi <il&* Ex -- vi vh* i S E` -'+RM`j& {%xii n Vxx n x]&* i SUi|x\VnE vh i
tSUGi'<i**

'+Sx'<ij

+S xi ni* iiEl i{iiEhS xiiRC B

IVVxii

+ E Vxi Ex
lixiiIh&*
i +ix xxi nx
\VnE vi**

+x E Vxi Ex li h li +xiiIh& +xnx Ih& i +ix

nxpn xE iiIh Sxj xxi {lCExi* E? \VnE l \VnExi&l
xxi, B E{\SE xE ix |i{txi <il&* Ex -- vi vh* i S E` -'+RM`j& {%xii n Vxx n x]&* i SUi|x\VnE vh i
tSUGi'<i**


'+Sx'<ij

+S xi ni* iiEl i{iiEhS xiiRC B

IVVxii

i Ei& {i i S i*
+Sii VVx iii ili** 7**

< + Bi i{i Ei&, xix {h Vxi&* nn nuix Vx ini* +Si& i

i <n Sinxxnuiix Vx, iii {li il B +i xVi* ii B
Vxiil&* i S |x{xn -- 'i x& {i %Et& { { i'<i* il S{i& - ' tii Vxi iSU` Vx i{i Vxi&'<i**

nSvx {{lr&, ii

i Ei& {i i S i*
+Sii VVx iii ili**

< + Bi i{i Ei&, xix {h Vxi&* nn nuix Vx ini* +Si& i

i <n Sinxxnuiix Vx, iii {li il B +i xVi* ii B
Vxiil&* i S |x{xn -- 'i x& {i %Et& { { i'<i* il S{i& - ' tii Vxi iSU` Vx i{i Vxi&'<i**

nSvx {{lr&, ii

+hii |SUx
i x piEi Vxx*
M xini
vSUSS n|k&** 8**

+hi +{i +i {hxxn +iix |SUx i +S x pi p xSi* il S i& -' n { Hl n il M* ii Eli l& |Exi ix&'* il S{i& -- 'i x
piEnSx* tii Vxi'<i* Ei Vxx -- +i iil ] -- +xxix& Ei{E
Vxx* E i Eii -- M xini nS{i* il S i& -- ' n {
Hl n il M '<i* il -- vSUSS hn{ i n +|k& +|n x**

<nx Si{nS ESi]x

+hii |SUx
i x piEi Vxx*
M xini
vSUSS n|k&**
+hi +{i +i {hxxn +iix |SUx i +S x pi p xSi* il S i& -' n { Hl n il M* ii Eli l& |Exi ix&'* il S{i& -- 'i x
piEnSx* tii Vxi'<i* Ei Vxx -- +i iil ] -- +xxix& Ei{E

Vxx* E i Eii -- M xini nS{i* il S i& -- ' n {

Hl n il M '<i* il -- vSUSS hn{ i n +|k& +|n x**

<nx Si{nS ESi]x

kGh t{xi & S&*
Si |l& {n =Si** 9**

kGh '+Sx'<inxHGh S& t{xi i, ii S i |l& {n =Si**

kGh t{xi & S&*

Si |l& {n =Si**

kGh '+Sx'<inxHGh S& t{xi i, ii S i |l& {n =Si**

l xi M kM{ix ilSi*
ii{j S il Exui& {n =Si** 10**

{]l& E&* il SH -- '+SnSn k&''+SnS{j kS'<i**

l xi M kM{ix ilSi*
ii{j S il Exui& {n =Si**
{]l& E&* il SH -- '+SnSn k&''+SnS{j kS'<i**
+ShiEi Vxx
Yi Sl i%ixx*
xxi i |i ]r&
ii S {n&** 11**

+ShiEi +ix& Ei ={E Vxx Yi +l nl {{l Yi S +M i%ixx

i%i ESinxxnuiix lni{ni%i Sxix i +S |i ]r& x
i +ix& Eili xi, ii S {n&**

+ShiEi Vxx
Yi Sl i%ixx*
xxi i |i ]r&
ii S {n&**

+ShiEi +ix& Ei ={E Vxx Yi +l nl {{l Yi S +M i%ixx

i%i ESinxxnuiix lni{ni%i Sxix i +S |i ]r& x
i +ix& Eili xi, ii S {n&**

+S | Ei|h{ vx{*
Eh x S Sil& {n =Si** 12**

{]%l&**

<nx Si{n t ni
+S | Ei|h{ vx{*
Eh x S Sil& {n =Si**
{]%l&**

<nx Si{n t ni
Ex {n i il
il {n MMiS*
=iMx S {nSUSUjh {n S ii%i** 13**

+j G x Ii&* |l MMi& ii& =iMx r|nx ii& Ex r{{Eh ii& jh

vikSh* il SH -- '+Si{nnk {n & v* Ex {nnk {n
S& <i**

YxnxSxvx ri

Ex {n i il
il {n MMiS*
=iMx S {nSUSUjh {n S ii%i**

+j G x Ii&* |l MMi& ii& =iMx r|nx ii& Ex r{{Eh ii& jh

vikSh* il SH -- '+Si{nnk {n & v* Ex {nnk {n
S& <i**

YxnxSxvx ri

Yxn un {
+xx SRMx il S*
+SM ii S&
lMx S S** 14**

Yxn& 'Yx S'<inx {H un Mh {, & Yxn& { +xx SRMx 'i

bviM&''i vx'<i EuHx, il S ir{{xl S +SM B i,
xSM x i* i S -- '+Sr t ni'<i, '+Sx{ n'<i S* lMx S
S nn Mxv tSh, inS lMx i ix&
SinxxnuiC{nxuh iil&**

Sii Ei u
Yxn un {
+xx SRMx il S*
+SM ii S&
lMx S S**
Yxn& 'Yx S'<inx {H un Mh {, & Yxn& { +xx SRMx 'i
bviM&''i vx'<i EuHx, il S ir{{xl S +SM B i,
xSM x i* i S -- '+Sr t ni'<i, '+Sx{ n'<i S* lMx S
S nn Mxv tSh, inS lMx i ix&
SinxxnuiC{nxuh iil&**

Sii Ei u
Bix Sh n ni{xx*
@S M Sh Sx** 15**

Bix Mxv {{%Vx*

Bix Sh +x Vi** 16**

n niix |{xx* @%{ @iix |{i&* Mxv& Mxv& ix& {{%Vx {h

hx Bix Sh +Vx* +x n{i&, +x VMi tix S Vi* =H S -- '+x
n{iS Eli'<i**

ElE SxEvvEiii +

Bix Sh n ni{xx*
@S M Sh Sx**

Bix Mxv {{%Vx*

Bix Sh +x Vi**

l Sxihn nlx +ERIl Mi iknERIil |SUxi, B Bii

SERIl MkknERIi |SUii Yi ikil S Si ioM io Mii
< nn&* nSxvx`ii Si {{l|{i&, inSx | M i S
Snil&**

xx Yxx`i n Yx {li i; +{ i Eh BiRC

+ERIl Mpnlx*
B iiY ioM Mi <** 17**

l Sxihn nlx +ERIl Mi iknERIil |SUxi, B Bii

SERIl MkknERIi |SUii Yi ikil S Si ioM io Mii

< nn&* nSxvx`ii Si {{l|{i&, inSx | M i S
Snil&**

xx Yxx`i n Yx {li i; +{ i Eh BiRC

+ERIl Mpnlx*
B iiY ioM Mi <**

l Sxihn nlx +ERIl Mi iknERIil |SUxi, B Bii

SERIl MkknERIi |SUii Yi ikil S Si ioM io Mii
< nn&* nSxvx`ii Si {{l|{i&, inSx | M i S
Snil&**

xx Yxx`i n Yx {li i; +{ i Eh BiRC

+xixi& Ij i Vxi
E\Vx& Eh xix*
Yxx uiV +i xi
x ti xl i {xl&** 18**

Ij, +xixi& +xii Ex {iEnEnx i Vxi, xxxi ii {ix E Vxi* Ex

ixxiE|{iiRC -- Yxx ux iV +i xi xixii +i iV& Vi&, x
Eh* Ei{xYxxi? ij -- -x ti xl i {xl& i {hxxnVi YxE Ci +x&
{xl M xi* i S -- 'i niiii xx& {xl ti%x '<i**

Yxx ux n {i, iiEii | vi]& -+xixi& Ij i Vxi

E\Vx& Eh xix*
Yxx uiV +i xi
x ti xl i {xl&**
Ij, +xixi& +xii Ex {iEnEnx i Vxi, xxxi ii {ix E Vxi* Ex
ixxiE|{iiRC -- Yxx ux iV +i xi xixii +i iV& Vi&, x
Eh* Ei{xYxxi? ij -- -x ti xl i {xl& i {hxxnVi YxE Ci +x&
{xl M xi* i S -- 'i niiii xx& {xl ti%x '<i**

Yxx ux n {i, iiEii | vi]& -vi] =S -+i C il

EhlVx Ep *
nh& {i j ux
El{ iniI {** 19**

Yxx uux {i , ii E C +i, i +i, Eh +Vx Ep +i; j

n i El{ iniI { **

B {]& | Mx
vi] =S -+i C il
EhlVx Ep *
nh& {i j ux
El{ iniI {**
Yxx uux {i , ii E C +i, i +i, Eh +Vx Ep +i; j
n i El{ iniI { **

B {]& | Mx
xiVi =S -xi C il
EhlVx Ep *
x {l i`i xxiI
xiip i** 20**

x Bii Cn{ix +i, +{inh&* i S -- 'ii nki in{x'<i,

'+n{{'<i S* il x {l i`i xxiI* il S ixjxlx ni -- ' M&
Ex|i`i <i x'<i* Ei{x& Ehi{ln x i`ii? ij -- xiip i
{\SiiE n i* n i{\SE{Ihl&, l -- '+{ B Vn i {Vi'<ij
+{n i{\SE{ Ihl&* i S -- '{\Si{& {S xi'<i +{ {nSi*
BinH i -- n h& xiii i, in x|]ii P]nnoO{nkxSlx
i* <n {x{nIhiixx|] , ip{ni ini**

i x E Ej{{i <i
xiVi =S -xi C il
EhlVx Ep *
x {l i`i xxiI
xiip i**
x Bii Cn{ix +i, +{inh&* i S -- 'ii nki in{x'<i,
'+n{{'<i S* il x {l i`i xxiI* il S ixjxlx ni -- ' M&
Ex|i`i <i x'<i* Ei{x& Ehi{ln x i`ii? ij -- xiip i
{\SiiE n i* n i{\SE{Ihl&, l -- '+{ B Vn i {Vi'<ij
+{n i{\SE{ Ihl&* i S -- '{\Si{& {S xi'<i +{ {nSi*
BinH i -- n h& xiii i, in x|]ii P]nnoO{nkxSlx
i* <n {x{nIhiixx|] , ip{ni ini**

i x E Ej{{i <i
xI iz V& x{l
x oi *
lxi i { Vx
iix oi ii** 21**

'Yx

S i S'<i{G 'i un h'<i Mh =H&, iiHix oi ii { * x

P]nnni vi, +{ iixii viil&**

<nx ii{ iqx S xni Eux

xI iz V& x{l
x oi *
lxi i { Vx
iix oi ii**
'Yx

S i S'<i{G 'i un h'<i Mh =H&, iiHix oi ii { * x

P]nnni vi, +{ iixii viil&**

<nx ii{ iqx S xni Eux

+h i& {ii
inxii%i xE*
+h{ S il{h
i{ i{ {i&** 22**

ininx li i
inii{i YxMi*
i\VMin |i`i
Biunii xi** 23**

nn iix qi, ii +h , Miii* i& +Yxi {ii* ii +xii& +i

VMi xE |E -- +h{ S il{h i{ i{ {i&* i S -- '+hhx
i x'<i* oxi S %hikn E inii VMi +x +x {h |E{h h
li inix i* i S -- 'i n i'<i, 'x i{i iVr&'<i S* ii
+ii{i YxMi x EMx* ix B {ix VMin |i`i* Biun&, +ii xi**

<i xiVi ii%v&**

+h i& {ii
inxii%i xE*
+h{ S il{h
i{ i{ {i&**

ininx li i
inii{i YxMi*
i\VMin |i`i
Biunii xi**
nn iix qi, ii +h , Miii* i& +Yxi {ii* ii +xii& +i
VMi xE |E -- +h{ S il{h i{ i{ {i&* i S -- '+hhx
i x'<i* oxi S %hikn E inii VMi +x +x {h |E{h h
li inix i* i S -- 'i n i'<i, 'x i{i iVr&'<i S* ii
+ii{i YxMi x EMx* ix B {ix VMin |i`i* Biun&, +ii xi**

<i xiVi ii%v&**

Sil%v&
kSUG VVin{x t&*
u n ={i nE Vi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 1**

i i{i YxMi, i Yi +i xi, ii G r +tnni VVi&

Eii; i S -- 'i n i'<i* n{x Vx t&* i S -- 'i x
t&'<i* u n& <xpn& ={i* i S -- 'i n Vi Vi{i%i'<i* i
{Vi h& +E& +ni Vi, 'x i{i iVr&'<i i&* Bi {ix Mxi xix
Mx B {xi, x {xYxMi&**

<nx {n h hMti{k ni
kSUG VVin{x t&*
u n ={i nE Vi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
i i{i YxMi, i Yi +i xi, ii G r +tnni VVi&
Eii; i S -- 'i n i' <i* n{x Vx t&* i S -- 'i x
t&' <i* u n& <xpn& ={i* i S -- 'i n Vi Vi{i%i' <i* i
{Vi h& +E& +ni Vi, 'x i{i iVr&' <i i&* Bi {ix Mxi xix
Mx B {xi, x {xYxMi&**
<nx {n h hMti{k ni
Gn |i Gh vi*
iSUG Vi v%i{i i{i i{x**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 2**
Gi ri {Hi h hMJ |i =i{ti* +li{z Gh vi bix* iSUG
r Vi +ninx v i& +i{i +|Ei i i{i |Ei, i{ i{x |EE*
%xx& E& i, i Mxi Mx B {xi**
<nx {hCl Eli
Gn |i Gh vi*
iSUG Vi v%i{i i{i i{x**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
Gi ri {Hi h hMJ |i =i{ti* +li{z Gh vi bix* iSUG
r Vi +ninx v i& +i{i +|Ei i i{i |Ei, i{ i{x |EE*
%xx& E& i, i Mxi Mx B {xi**
<nx {hCl Eli

{hi{hrxi {hi{h |SIi*

xi {hi{h S {hxi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 3**

{hi ni& Ei iiS{SUzi {ix& {h =rxi V{h* i {hi {hri Vix +i&
{hi =riin <n{ V{ {h |SIi u&* il xi {hi Vixlii {h
+i{j nxptx|] nxpn xE] iiIh xi nunrxiil&* ii& =rix
ix {hxxnx +i ix {hxxnx h Vi Sinxxnuiix +i`i <il&*
'{hi'<i {`&; n nxpn xE iiIh xi nnnrxi, in {hi
<il&* il S i& -- '{hn& {hn {hi{hnSi* {h {hn {hi'<i* +l& -{h +n& iSUnS VMiEh * {hn inxn] |iMi{* +xik{nl& El {hii
Si, ij -- {hi +xSUzi {hnSi =pSi V{h i, inx& {hiil&* {h
ikixli {h {n ik{nlvx Ei vi{nl& zil&* {h +i {h
iil&* & {h{&, i {ix Mx B {xi**

<nx u {hi xjl Eli

{hi{hrxi {hi{h |SIi*

xi {hi{h S {hxi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
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{hi =riin <n{ V{ {h |SIi u&* il xi {hi Vixlii {h
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ix {hxxnx +i ix {hxxnx h Vi Sinxxnuiix +i`i <il&*
'{hi'<i {`&; n nxpn xE iiIh xi nnnrxi, in {hi
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Si, ij -- {hi +xSUzi {hnSi =pSi V{h i, inx& {hiil&* {h
ikixli {h {n ik{nlvx Ei vi{nl& zil&* {h +i {h
iil&* & {h{&, i {ix Mx B {xi**

<nx u {hi xjl Eli

+{%ln& i v
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+i{ix& +{& |l ]&* il S x& -- '+{ B Vn' <i* i{\SE{Ihl& +{Un&* +xx
I]i* +l +xxi +n& {]& i{\SEiE lnnE ]* i
nixli v +xiI nE = V{ix n tix i ii* x ExiI
B i +nwS& S& x +Jx wh li +\Sxii +nwS n&; S
={n&, MMxi; i& ixi <i S& |St& n& x +SUnxi = i {l

n S BE V& +ix& ESinxxnuiiikxMxix nni{z& {l

iiEIh Ex{ Jn&JiEnnE i* +{ n tixiE i{ i* i S -- 'u
{h V J x I {Vi* ix& {{{ ukxxzx%SEi'<i* & i
ix |htxxin Eixix| +{x +i, i Mxi Mx B {xi**

+{%ln& i v
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Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
+i{ix& +{& |l ]&* il S x& -- '+{ B Vn' <i* i{\SE{Ihl& +{Un&* +xx
I]i* +l +xxi +n& {]& i{\SEiE lnnE ]* i
nixli v +xiI nE = V{ix n tix i ii* x ExiI
B i +nwS& S& x +Jx wh li +\Sxii +nwS n&; S
={n&, MMxi; i& ixi <i S& |St& n& x +SUnxi = i {l
n S BE V& +ix& ESinxxnuiiikxMxix nni{z& {l
iiEIh Ex{ Jn&JiEnnE i* +{ n tixiE i{ i* i S -- 'u
{h V J x I {Vi* ix& {{{ ukxxzx%SEi'<i* & i
ix |htxxin Eixix| +{x +i, i Mxi Mx B {xi**

<nx Yxx& ixlx ni

SG l i`xi wEh&*
Eixi xii nV n**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 5**

wEh& { Sixli l jCixli SG SRGhiE n

i`xi Eixi |Yxi +i B S n +|Ei VhnVi n tixiE
+xnixiiYxixli {hxxn h xi& <xph* BinH i -- t{xph i
ixi, il{ Yxlx Ehx Eixi { n xi, x {M <i* inH
E` -- '+ix lx r l i* r i l r x& |O S** <xph
xi MSx* +ixpxH Hixh&'<inx* j {ix xi i{, i Mxi
Mx B {xi**

xxx o ESuti <i

<nx Yxx& ixlx ni

SG l i`xi wEh&*
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Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
wEh& { Sixli l jCixli SG SRGhiE n
i`xi Eixi |Yxi +i B S n +|Ei VhnVi n tixiE
+xnixiiYxixli {hxxn h xi& <xph* BinH i -- t{xph i
ixi, il{ Yxlx Ehx Eixi { n xi, x {M <i* inH
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xi MSx* +ixpxH Hixh&'<inx* j {ix xi i{, i Mxi

Mx B {xi**

xxx o ESuti <i

x o i`i {
x SI {i ESnx*
xl x n S
Bx nii xi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 6**

+ {ix { x o i`i xxx o ii, xxx o ESuii <il&* i S -- 'x i

|i +i x t&'<i* +i B ={xti* il x SI {i ESi +{ Bx xi
{ix* El i {xi x +viE x E{E{iEx n S nx S vxix*
n x xxj {ix ={v& ii i n SiH* +l, x E xrjh, +{ i n S
nlx S {hxMi& xi&* Bx {ix n& +i, i +i& +hvh xi* +l,
n nx {ix* il S il {ix nn xH -- ' B +i n iin xH ti
irni + BiM Ei'<i* il S i& invxir ni -- ' n { Hl
n il M* ii Eli l& |Exi ix&'<i* B ni +i xi, i Mx B {xi**

<nxxph |kxl ii

x o i`i {
x SI {i ESnx*
xl x n S
Bx nii xi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
+ {ix { x o i`i xxx o ii, xxx o ESuii <il&* i S -- 'x i
|i +i x t&'<i* +i B ={xti* il x SI {i ESi +{ Bx xi
{ix* El i {xi x +viE x E{E{iEx n S nx S vxix*
n x xxj {ix ={v& ii i n SiH* +l, x E xrjh, +{ i n S
nlx S {hxMi& xi&* Bx {ix n& +i, i +i& +hvh xi* +l,
n nx {ix* il S il {ix nn xH -- ' B +i n iin xH ti
irni + BiM Ei'<i* il S i& invxir ni -- ' n { Hl
n il M* ii Eli l& |Exi ix&'<i* B ni +i xi, i Mx B {xi**

<nxxph |kxl ii
un {M& i nIi vi*
inxvxin Sxi P**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 7**

un& {M& EYxxph, BEn x&, un r&, ixE{{I BEE {MiSi* i&
h& nIi& nx {ix Ii& vi v <i xxi +Eh

xxiil&* nxxi, in inxvx {& Sxi P * inxph &

={i ix xnil&* x Ii vi, i n Mx B {xi**

ES, o]xin]xiEijvx

un {M& i nIi vi*

inxvxin Sxi P**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
un& {M& EYxxph, BEn x&, un r&, ixE{{I BEE {MiSi* i&
h& nIi& nx {ix Ii& vi v <i xxi +Eh
xxiil&* nxxi, in inxvx {& Sxi P * inxph &
={i ix xnil&* x Ii vi, i n Mx B {xi**

ES, o]xin]xiEijvx
inv {i Si v*
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l vE & +v{Vi +v Si v +v {i, B{ & hii iu

v +vSiv {i; {VxSi E +xx Vxx RH <i i* n{EiEh&
r&, Exxiii; El {xEiEh& r& i, Eh xiniRC -<x <i* n n& n EiEh& r& i; <x& {& Ei|ix{I& x |h
|hMxji S iiExh i +znE +E{i* <x& i iE{i, i
Mxi Mx B {xi**

ES, Ei vx h& {ixi B n, E Yx v H xi, <iRE

inv {i Si v*
<x& i iE{i**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
l vE & +v{Vi +v Si v +v {i, B{ & hii iu
v +vSiv {i; {VxSi E +xx Vxx RH <i i* n{EiEh&
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Mxi Mx B {xi**

ES, Ei vx h& {ixi B n, E Yx v H xi, <iRE

h{hil{i {IE&*
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Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 9**

 +{IE& Yx{Ii& vx& {ixi, i h{hil i S h Si h i h S {h

il* il S Mxn& -- 'Uxn {hx'<i* i h{hil +{i +
nMhnn |{il&* ij hnn {Ih Yxx i* il S h -- ' ui {Ih
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<nx M ni
h{hil{i {IE&*
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Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
+{IE& Yx{Ii& vx& {ixi, i h{hil i S h Si h i h S {h
il* il S Mxn& -- 'Uxn {hx'<i* i h{hil +{i +
nMhnn |{il&* ij hnn {Ih Yxx i* il S h -- ' ui {Ih
+ui +{I&'<i* |{ixi il J H xiil&* Yi |{ixi, i Mx B {xi**

<nx M ni
+{x Mi |h& Mi Sxp&*
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Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 10**

+{x Mi ={i |h&* |h Mi Sxp& x& ={i* xSxp +vni; iSSxp&nx x

=Si* i Sxp x +ni r& Mi* rSni%vni* i +ni r Mi {& { * BinH
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ESinxxnuiixi`i <il&**

<nx { Vixlx ni
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+ni Mi Sxpni Mi {&**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
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i -- v{x |h ={i |h x xS r r {ix{i
ESinxxnuiixi`i <il&**

<nx { Vixlx ni

BE {n xiI{i r =SSx*
i SiiiiI{z ixi i**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 11**
xit iiE Si & {i iiEIhii i =SSx >v Sx n ix&
BE VJ {n xiI{i xri x{i { { |i{%i`i <il&* i S E` -- 'BEil

ixii'<i* Ei{xE {n xiI{iii + -- i VJ {n ii iix n =iI{i

ix |htxxin Ei ix| Vix n xi`i, in x i& x
VxxhnIh%xl& i h Vi* il +i +ii I x i +xx|]
nxi* il S inl +x| ni -- '{ {'<i* il Slh i& -- 'BE {n xiI{i
r =SSx* SniI{i{n x ixi i'<i, 'BE { v & Ei'<i S* &
{n{h Vix j{n{h Sinxxnuix ixli&, i {ix Mx B {xi**

Ex i{vx {& {nix +i`i <iRC { RM{vE Vix ni

BE {n xiI{i r =SSx*
i SiiiiI{z ixi i**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
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BE VJ {n xiI{i xri x{i { { |i{%i`i <il&* i S E` -- 'BEil
ixii'<i* Ei{xE {n xiI{iii + -- i VJ {n ii iix n =iI{i
ix |htxxin Ei ix| Vix n xi`i, in x i& x
VxxhnIh%xl& i h Vi* il +i +ii I x i +xx|]
nxi* il S inl +x| ni -- '{ {'<i* il Slh i& -- 'BE {n xiI{i
r =SSx* SniI{i{n x ixi i'<i, 'BE { v & Ei'<i S* &
{n{h Vix j{n{h Sinxxnuix ixli&, i {ix Mx B {xi**

Ex i{vx {& {nix +i`i <iRC { RM{vE Vix ni

+RM`j& {%xii
RM Mx i xi*
ibxE{t
{xi f x Vx**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 12**

B SSnxxnui& +xii ixii {& {h& {i RM Mx +RM`j&

+RM`j{h{SUz& x i i xi* Ei{x& Ehi RMMx +RM`j& i? ij
-- RM MxRM`j& i, i < i <b ii +xE{ x| +ix
E{iixE{ +t +n Vx n{x i f& +Ex nuixx x {xi,
inix xMixii* ix{xi& xi, i Mx B {xi**

<nx <xph S h S +xlii ni

+RM`j& {%xii
RM Mx i xi*
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{xi f x Vx**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
B SSnxxnui& +xii ixii {& {h& {i RM Mx +RM`j&
+RM`j{h{SUz& x i i xi* Ei{x& Ehi RMMx +RM`j& i? ij

-- RM MxRM`j& i, i < i <b ii +xE{ x| +ix

E{iixE{ +t +n Vx n{x i f& +Ex nuixx x {xi,
inix xMixii* ix{xi& xi, i Mx B {xi**

<nx <xph S h S +xlii ni

Mxi { < M
I xi x kx ix*
i |xi Vx f&
ink M xi **
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 13**

l { M xG x kx |nxx ix I xi M Mxi ix |SUnxi,

Bxp{& jn x& jn xMi x kx |nxx ix I xi M Mxi
ix |SUnxi; i |xi i& h xi, iH ESz Vxxiil&* il S i&
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{xi xi* nn x, ii MVxVh i* xt +xE{t
+o] xv& xi, i Mx B {xi**

Yxx I{
Mxi { < M
I xi x kx ix*
i |xi Vx f&
ink M xi **
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
l { M xG x kx |nxx ix I xi M Mxi ix |SUnxi,
Bxp{& jn x& jn xMi x kx |nxx ix I xi M Mxi
ix |SUnxi; i |xi i& h xi, iH ESz Vxxiil&* il S i&
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{xi xi* nn x, ii MVxVh i* xt +xE{t
+o] xv& xi, i Mx B {xi**

Yxx I{

+vx { vx
xiqi x*
xinii
Hij v =i {&**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 14**

+vx& nnvxi&, S nvxH& vx&, i x vh +i{ oi

x* il x +i I <i i Si S i v H& nnvxH&, i
ix h& { {n v& vx& =i {& {hxxn {xxiil&* i {hxxn H& |{xxi, i
Mx B {xi**

ES

+vx { vx
xiqi x*
xinii
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Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
+vx& nnvxi&, S nvxH& vx&, i x vh +i{ oi
x* il x +i I <i i Si S i v H& nnvxH&, i
ix h& { {n v& vx& =i {& {hxxn {xxiil&* i {hxxn H& |{xxi, i
Mx B {xi**

ES

= E t { xi
ini SiMxj*
i Pinvi
|Yx z v xi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 15**

= E <E{E t ii { i ii {hxxn * n E t {
i, ii +i SMxj +xx +iYxx +i +Jx i i, MxjnExx
{ni iil&* n E t { i, ni SMxj i i, ii i i
t Pi Pi i Ei +nvi x Ei, +{ i |Yx i& { {ixiix
{ni n t{i {iiixMSUi& |Yx <i x i i x iil&* il S
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ES -= E t { xi
ini SiMxj*
i Pinvi
|Yx z v xi**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
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i, ii +i SMxj +xx +iYxx +i +Jx i i, MxjnExx
{ni iil&* n E t { i, ni SMxj i i, ii i i
t Pi Pi i Ei +nvi x Ei, +{ i |Yx i& { {ixiix
{ni n t{i {iiixMSUi& |Yx <i x i i x iil&* il S
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ES

B{ xi {E { Mx*
i { n ii x i**
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B{& |YxE{& zi, +i x {ti {ti <il&* {E +Mx {i{

Eh Eh E Mx ix{x i { YxE { {h { n '+'<i
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+ xi xi S YC%j xxi''x i |h =iGxi x{i B n'<i S*
ni x i, i Mx B {xi**

kuYxn xix x& -B{ xi {E { Mx*

i { n ii x i**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
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+ xi xi S YC%j xxi''x i |h =iGxi x{i B n'<i S*
ni x i, i Mx B {xi**

kuYxn xix x& -iin iEi& i

x ii Ei&*
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iS xiSE B**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 17**

n n +x iEi& i SSnxxnuiiixxi &, n iEi i; i x i&

VxxhIh& x i* +i Ei& i{Iinii in Ei& |H&* il S i& -'ixii Ei&'<i* ixi S ii ixxvx {liEv`xxv ii VV {&*
ElinMi -- ixi ixxvx <i? ij -- iS EE x& Eh +iS
E Vin& BE +ui i|nxi, ii ixi Ehiixxvx <i*
niikYxiEhxix&, xv ixi |ii, i Mx B {xi**

iin iEi& i
x ii Ei&*
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iS xiSE B**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**

n n +x iEi& i SSnxxnuiiixxi &, n iEi i; i x i&

VxxhIh& x i* +i Ei& i{Iinii in Ei& |H&* il S i& -'ixii Ei&'<i* ixi S ii ixxvx {liEv`xxv ii VV {&*
ElinMi -- ixi ixxvx <i? ij -- iS EE x& Eh +iS
E Vin& BE +ui i|nxi, ii ixi Ehiixxvx <i*
niikYxiEhxix&, xv ixi |ii, i Mx B {xi**

+RM`j& {%xii
x oi% n x]&*
+VS njixpiS
i i Ei |z&** 18**

+Ennxi VMi] n x]& +V& S& SSi x x oi xix Sinxxnuix* i

+j +ixpi i E{\SE xG xiix i Ei |z& Eil& zil&**

+RM`j& {%xii
x oi% n x]&*
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i i Ei |z&**
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+j +ixpi i E{\SE xG xiix i Ei |z& Eil& zil&**

iSS iiS |il*

inMxS S iSS |h +Mi&** 19**
ii|i` ini Ein it&*
ix VY ii| xi ij S** 20**

n h& Enni ij i <i EuxH; in hi

iSS iiS |il*
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ii|i` ini Ein it&*
ix VY ii| xi ij S**
n h& Enni ij i <i EuxH; in hi
= S n {l n S
nS G x i*
iq& iS xi
iip i xi&** 21**

{]& El&**
<nx h%xxii Eli

= S n {l n S
nS G x i*
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iip i xi&**
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<nx h%xxii Eli

& h {Ixi {ii*

xxi MSUiEh t{ xxV&**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix** 22**

& {& h {Ixi +ix& {Ix Ei {ii +xE& E]E{{ { xxi MSUi Eh
Eh {ix&, t{ + xV& i, il{ ixi x MSUi* nxi x MSUi, inxxi&
{iil&* %xxi& {i, i Mx B {xi**

ES
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xxi MSUiEh t{ xxV&**
Mxi |{xi Mxi xix**
& {& h {Ixi +ix& {Ix Ei {ii +xE& E]E{{ { xxi MSUi Eh
Eh {ix&, t{ + xV& i, il{ ixi x MSUi* nxi x MSUi, inxxi&
{iil&* %xxi& {i, i Mx B {xi**

ES
+nx i`i {
{xi Sx rk&*
x x x{i
Bx nii xi** 23**

+nx nxM i`i { {ix&* il S i& -- 'x o i`i {'<i* {xi Sx

rk& t{ nxM i`i, il{ {ix {xi i* E? rk& ` r Mn{i
nxi&Eh Yn& Ehuh , i rk&* n ii x Muni
rk x x{i* Bx {ix n& +i, +i +hvh xi i**
+nx i`i {
{xi Sx rk&*
x x x{i
Bx nii xi**
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rk& t{ nxM i`i, il{ {ix {xi i* E? rk& ` r Mn{i

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rk x x{i* Bx {ix n& +i, +i +hvh xi i**
< & i +ixx{i*
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< xi i |h +ix & +x{i* Elix{i -- +xjxj nxpnH

tx* & E Si ii& { i ix {x ii& { ElxSi ilixx{x
EilizxSiil&* il S i& -- 'ij E & E& E BEix{i&'<i**

in
< & i +ixx{i*
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tx* & E Si ii& { i ix {x ii& { ElxSi ilixx{x
EilizxSiil&* il S i& -- 'ij E & E& E BEix{i&'<i**

in
ln{x i i&{inE*
B i h i&** 25**

l i&{inE in{x EiEi +l xi, B i +ix {i& h i& x

ESn{ |Vx ti <il&* il S Mx n& -- 'x S i ESnl{&'<i**

<nx =Hl pfx nnix ni

ln{x i i&{inE*
B i h i&**
l i&{inE in{x EiEi +l xi, B i +ix {i& h i& x
ESn{ |Vx ti <il&* il S Mx n& -- 'x S i ESnl{&'<i**

<nx =Hl pfx nnix ni

+ i {i {j% {x&*
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vi], + E i Vxj {i +{ +* E {j% nvxn* E x?

+i |hVi SS xi ni S, ii**

B inviE{jnE ni* +lnxvnE{jn ni

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vi], + E i Vxj {i +{ +* E {j% nvxn* E x?
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B inviE{jnE ni* +lnxvnE{jn ni

{i% l& {i {jS i*

il x x S{** 27**

{i% l& r <xpn& {i& +xnr& {i %{* & {i <xpn& hM&,

%{* il il&* B {li x +ix li&; x S{ li&*
il S Mx -- 'ilx ix <i**

t{ x ix li&, x S{ li& il{

{i% l& {i {jS i*

il x x S{**
{i% l& r <xpn& {i& +xnr& {i %{* & {i <xpn& hM&,
%{* il il&* B {li x +ix li&; x S{ li&*
il S Mx -- 'ilx ix <i**

t{ x ix li&, x S{ li& il{

+i lx Vx Si
+i|i%V|i`&*
+VS njixpi%
Y Ei |z&** 28**
+hhxx& ili&*
{i ix {E xi n&** 29**

+i lx +i& Vx Si +nix& i{z* il S i& -- '+in '<i*

+i|i% +i|i{h li& VMni E Vxi +V|i`& +V VhVi x
i`iiV|i`&* il S i& -- ' M& Ex|i`i& xi n x x'<i**

+h& Ii +hx Ii& x& x MuniEnvVi E

SinxxnuiiE x i x&, i |h nEv + +li +ii**

B iix ni&* <nx x EEx Bj |h; +x%{MSUxii -- {i ix

{E xi n& <i* %x xExxnxnn n&, i%{ {i ix |hx {i Vxi &
{&, i {E i{hbEv xi n&; {ixiixMSUxiil&* il S iix ni - 'irii{zn& |i{n% x S'<i nhE* 'Bii Mzi'<i ikE Mxx
x ni +ix& Eilitixl* il SUxnM%{ -- 'ir VYi'<i* iE S '+z

<inx n& x ni&* iji E xi --

xirrHix*
+i lx Vx Si
+i|i%V|i`&*
+VS njixpi%
Y Ei |z&**
+hhxx& ili&*
{i ix {E xi n&**
+i lx +i& Vx Si +nix& i{z* il S i& -- '+in '<i*
+i|i% +i|i{h li& VMni E Vxi +V|i`& +V VhVi x
i`iiV|i`&* il S i& -- ' M& Ex|i`i& xi n x x'<i**

+h& Ii +hx Ii& x& x MuniEnvVi E

SinxxnuiiE x i x&, i |h nEv + +li +ii**

B iix ni&* <nx x EEx Bj |h; +x%{MSUxii -- {i ix

{E xi n& <i* %x xExxnxnn n&, i%{ {i ix |hx {i Vxi &
{&, i {E i{hbEv xi n&; {ixiixMSUxiil&* il S iix ni - 'irii{zn& |i{n% x S'<i nhE* 'Bii Mzi'<i ikE Mxx
x ni +ix& Eilitixl* il SUxnM%{ -- 'ir VYi'<i* iE S '+z
<inx n& x ni&* iji E xi --

xirrHix*