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Chapter 2 - Biological Basis of Human Behavior

The document summarizes the biological basis of human behavior by discussing: 1) The structure and function of neurons, including the three main types: sensory, motor, and interneurons. 2) The development of the nervous system through neurogenesis and the generation, migration, aggregation and connection of neurons. 3) The divisions of the human nervous system including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, spinal cord and brain.

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6K views

Chapter 2 - Biological Basis of Human Behavior

The document summarizes the biological basis of human behavior by discussing: 1) The structure and function of neurons, including the three main types: sensory, motor, and interneurons. 2) The development of the nervous system through neurogenesis and the generation, migration, aggregation and connection of neurons. 3) The divisions of the human nervous system including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, spinal cord and brain.

Uploaded by

humanupgrade
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2: Biological Basis of Human Behavior

John Hermes C. Untalan


Instructor, General Psychology 1st Sem 08-09
De La Salle Araneta University

Objectives

• Describe the nature of the basic structural unit of the nervous system in terms of its parts, types, functions, and other
properties
• Explain how sensory and motor signals are conducted to and from the brain
• Discuss the divisions of the nervous system and the structures that form each division
• Point out the specialized functions of each cerebral hemispheres
• Enumerate the different neurotransmitter substances and their effects on behavior
• Enumerate the different endocrine glands and explain the role played by the endocrine system in controlling behavior
• Discuss the influences of hereditary units on behavior

THE NEURON

Neurogenesis

development of the nervous system, during this time:


• neurons are generated from undifferentiated stem
cells;
• the neurons migrate from the site where they were
generated to their final positions;
• the neurons aggregate into distinct brain regions;
and
• neurons begin to make connections among one
another
Three Different Types of Neurons

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons Interneurons


Carry messages from the body’s sense receptors to the Form all the neural wiring within the CNS which has
CNS. two axons. One axon communicate with the spinal cord
Motor (Efferent) Neurons while the other with the skin or muscle.
Carry signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

The Human Nervous System

Central Nervous System Lumbar (5 pairs)


Sacral (5 pairs)
Brain Coccygeal (1 pair)
Cerebrum (Telen.)
Cerebellum (Meten.-Dorsal) Peripheral Nervous System

Brain Stem Somatic Nervous System


Medulla (Myelen.) Spinal Nerves (31 pairs)
Pons (Meten.-Ventral) Cranial Nerves (12 pairs)
Midbrain (Mesen.)
Interbrain (Dien.) Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic (excite)
Spinal Cord Parasympathetic (inhibit)
Cervical (8 pairs)
Thoracic (12 pairs)

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