doc.: IEEE 802.

22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 1
Spectral Mask Implications
IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2008-10-13
Name Company Address Phone email
Steve Shellhammer Qualcomm 5775 Morehouse Dr
San Diego, CA 92121
(858) 658-1874
[email protected]

Authors:
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in
this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE
Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEEs name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEEs sole discretion to permit
others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22.

Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the
statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to
patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard
is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair
Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being
developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at [email protected].
>

doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 2
Abstract
This updated presentation gives the results of an
updated simulation for estimating the power spectral
density (PSD) of the 802.22 transmission
The previous simulation was a quick and dirty
simulation. In particular, the previous simulation
incorrectly aligned the PSD estimation window with the
OFDM symbol edge, which gave an overly optimistic
view of the 802.22 PSD
This presentation describes the new simulator and
provides simulation results

doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 3
Outline
1. Description of the simulator
2. Simulated PSD estimate before the PA
3. Simulated PSD estimates after the PA, for
various PA back-off values
4. Discussion on Next Steps
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 4
Description of the Simulator
Synthesize a sequence of OFDM symbols
Each OFDM symbol includes
Support for both QPSK and 16QAM (random data)
Cyclic prefix
802.22 null tones
Oversampling
Eighth-order Butterworth filter
Non-linear PA model
Power Spectral density estimation
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 5
Simulator Block Diagram
OFDM Signal Generator
With Oversampling
(Baseband)
Eighth-order Low-pass Filter
f
c
= 4.5 MHz
PSD Estimation
FFT using Hanning
Window
Non-linear PA Model
PSD Estimation
FFT using Hanning
Window
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Normalized Frequency (t rad/sample)
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e

(
d
B
)
Magnitude (dB) and Phase Responses
-13.1944
-11.8121
-10.4298
-9.0476
-7.6653
-6.283
-4.9008
-3.5185
-2.1362
-0.754
0.6283
P
h
a
s
e

(
r
a
d
i
a
n
s
)
Eighth Order Butterworth LPF
3 MHz
Oversampling by 8x
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 7
Non-Linear PA Model
The nonlinearity of the power amplifier (PA) distorts the
OFDM spectrum
In this document the 802.11 nonlinear PA model is used
This model was used in the evaluation of 802.11n
proposals [3] and was originally used in modeling
802.11b [4].
This same form of non-linearity is specified in the 802.22
channel models document [5]
1/ 6
6
1
in
out
in
sat
A
A
A
A
=
| |
| |
+
|
|
\ .
\ .
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 8
Non-Linear PA Model
A
sat
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 9
1-dB Compression Point
The 1-dB compression point is the point at
which the PA output is 1 dB less than it would
be in a perfectly linear amplifier
To ensure linear operation one must operate
well below the 1-dB compression point
Back-off of X dB on the output signal from the
1 dB compression point
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 10
Spectral Estimation
Capture a window of samples
Multiply by a Hanning window
Calculate PSD estimate using FFT
Average PSD over multiple captured windows
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 11
Simulation Parameters
Signal
2k OFDM symbol
QPSK (Random data)
Null tones (Guard bands and DC)
1/4 Cyclic Prefix
Oversampling by 8x
Signal consists of 100 OFDM symbols
Eighth-order Butterworth Filter with f
c
= 4.5 MHz
Initially no PA
PSD Estimation
Window Size = 10k
Hanning window
Averaged PSD over more than 50 windows
Plot PSD over positive frequencies (symmetric)
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 12
PSD of PA Input Signal
0 3 6 9 12 15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
P
S
D
(
d
B
)
f(MHz)
Power Spectral Density
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 13
Simulations with PA Back-off
Added non-linear PA model to simulation
Adjusted PA input signal power to find the 1-
dB compression point
Ran simulations for three values of PA back-
off, from the 1-dB compression point
8 dB Back-off
10 dB Back-off
12 dB Back-off
Plotted PSD of PA Output signal
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 14
PSD of PA Input and PA Output for three values of PA Back-off
0 3 6 9 12 15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
P
S
D
(
d
B
)
f(MHz)
Power Spectral Density


8 dB back-off
10 dB back-off
12 dB back-off
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 15
Spectral Mask
The draft [1] does not have a spectral mask
The 802.22 draft [1] requires that the field
strength outside the occupied channel is 4.8
V/m, measured at 3 meters in a 120 kHz
bandwidth
According to Gerald [2] this equates to a
spectral mask of -100 dBr outside the occupied
channel

doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 16
Next Steps Spectral Mask
There are several paths that the working
group can take regarding the spectral
mask
1. Add a spectral mask to the draft which is
consistent with the current 802.22 signal
design
2. Modify the 802.22 signal design to improve
the PSD so that a improved spectral mask can
be included in the draft
Which approach does the WG prefer?
doc.: IEEE 802.22-08/0111r4
Submission
October 2008
Steve Shellhammer, Qualcomm Slide 17
References
1. IEEE P802.22/ DRAFTv1.0 Draft Standard for Wireless
Regional Area Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications: Policies and procedures for operation in the
TV Bands, April 2008
2. Gerald Chouinard, Wireless Microphone Sensing, IEEE
802.22-07/530r0, November 2007
3. Adrian P Stephens, IEEE 802.11 TGn Comparison Criteria,
IEEE 802.11-03/814r19, March 2004
4. Mark Webster, Suggested PA Model for 802.11 HRb, IEEE
802.11-00/294r0, September 2000
5. Eli Sofer and Gerald Chouinard, WRAN Channel Modeling,
IEEE 802.22-05/55r7, August 2005