"MONORAIL" --- MONORAIL BEAM ANALYSIS

Program Description:
"MONORAIL" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of either S-shape or W-shape underhung monorail beams analyzed as simple-spans with or without overhangs (cantilevers). Specifically, the x-axis and y-axis bending moments as well as any torsion effects are calculated. The actual and allowable stresses are determined, and the effect of lower flange bending is also addressed by two different approaches. This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:

Worksheet Name
Doc S-shaped Monorail Beam W-shaped Monorail Beam

Description
This documentation sheet Monorail beam analysis for S-shaped beams Monorail beam analysis for W-shaped beams

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

1. The following references were used in the development of this program: a. Fluor Enterprises, Inc. - Guideline 000.215.1257 - "Hoisting Facilities" (August 22, 2005) b. Dupont Engineering Design Standard: DB1X - "Design and Installation of Monorail Beams" (May 2000) c. American National Standards Institute (ANSI): MH27.1 - "Underhung Cranes and Monorail Syatems" d. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 9th Edition Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Manual (1989) e. "Allowable Bending Stresses for Overhanging Monorails" - by N. Stephen Tanner AISC Engineering Journal (3rd Quarter, 1985) f. Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. (CMAA) - Publication No. 74 "Specifications for Top Running & Under Running Single Girder Electric Traveling Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist" (2004) g. "Design of Monorail Systems" - by Thomas H. Orihuela Jr., PE (www.pdhengineer.com) h. British Steel Code B.S. 449, pages 42-44 (1959) i. USS Steel Design Manual - Chapter 7 "Torsion" - by R. L. Brockenbrough and B.G. Johnston (1981) j. AISC Steel Design Guide Series No. 9 - "Torsional Analysis of Structural Steel Members" by Paul A. Seaburg, PhD, PE and Charlie J. Carter, PE (1997) k. "Technical Note: Torsion Analysis of Steel Sections" - by William E. Moore II and Keith M. Mueller AISC Engineering Journal (4th Quarter, 2002) 2. The unbraced length for the overhang (cantilever) portion, 'Lbo', of an underhung monorail beam is often debated. The following are some recommendations from the references cited above: a. Fluor Guideline 000.215.1257: Lbo = Lo+L/2 b. Dupont Standard DB1X: Lbo = 3*Lo c. ANSI Standard MH27.1: Lbo = 2*Lo d. British Steel Code B.S. 449: Lbo = 2*Lo (for top flange of monorail beam restrained at support) British Steel Code B.S. 449: Lbo = 3*Lo (for top flange of monorail beam unrestrained at support) e. AISC Eng. Journal Article by Tanner: Lbo = Lo+L (used with a computed value of 'Cbo' from article) 3. This program also determines the calculated value of the bending coefficient, 'Cbo', for the overhang (cantilever) portion of the monorail beam from reference "e" in note #1 above. This is located off of the main calculation page. Note: if this computed value of 'Cbo' is used and input, then per this reference the total value of Lo+L should be used for the unbraced length, 'Lbo', for the overhang portion of the monorail beam. 4. This program ignores effects of axial compressive stress produced by any longitudinal (traction) force which is usually considered minimal for underhung, hand-operated monorail systems. 5. This program contains comment boxes which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a comment box is denoted by a red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular "comment box".)

"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.6

MONORAIL BEAM ANALYSIS

For S-shaped Underhung Monorails Analyzed as Simple-Spans with / without Overhang Per AISC 9th Edition ASD Manual and CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004) Job Name: Subject: Job Number: Originator: Checker: Input:
RL(min)=-0.73

Monorail Size: Select: Design Parameters: Beam Fy = Beam Simple-Span, L = Unbraced Length, Lb = Bending Coef., Cb = Overhang Length, Lo = Unbraced Length, Lbo = Bending Coef., Cbo = Lifted Load, P = Trolley Weight, Wt = Hoist Weight, Wh = Vert. Impact Factor, Vi = Horz. Load Factor, HLF = Total No. Wheels, Nw = Wheel Spacing, S = Distance on Flange, a = Results: Parameters and Coefficients: Pv = 7.400 kips Pw = 1.850 kips/wheel Ph = 0.600 kips ta = 0.493 in. l= 0.156 Cxo = -0.850 Cx1 = 0.600 Czo = 0.165 Cz1 = 1.948 S12x50 36 17.0000 17.0000 1.00 3.0000 11.5000 1.00 6.000 0.400 0.100 15 10 4 0.7500 0.3750
ksi ft. ft.

L=17 x=8.313 S=0.75

RR(max)=9.13 Lo=3

S12x50 Pv=7.4

ft. ft. kips kips kips

Nomenclature S12x50 Member Properties: 14.60 in.^2 d/Af = 3.32 12.000 in. Ix = 303.00 0.687 in. Sx = 50.60 5.480 in. Iy = 15.60 0.659 in. Sy = 5.69 1.438 in. J= 2.770 1.250 in. Cw = 502.0

% %
ft. in.

A= d= tw = bf = tf = k= rt =

in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^6

Support Reactions: (with overhang) RR(max) = 9.13 = Pv*(L+(Lo-S/2))/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L+Lo)^2 RL(min) = -0.73 = -Pv*(Lo-S/2)/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L^2-Lo^2) Pv = P*(1+Vi/100)+Wt+Wh (vertical load) Pw = Pv/Nw (load per trolley wheel) Ph = HLF*P (horizontal load) ta = tf-bf/24+a/6 (for S-shape) l = 2*a/(bf-tw) Cxo = -1.096+1.095*l+0.192*e^(-6.0*l) Cx1 = 3.965-4.835*l-3.965*e^(-2.675*l) Czo = -0.981-1.479*l+1.120*e^(1.322*l) Cz1 = 1.810-1.150*l+1.060*e^(-7.70*l)

Bending Moments for Simple-Span: x= 8.313 ft. x = 1/2*(L-S/2) (location of max. moments from left end of simple-span) Mx = 31.88 ft-kips Mx = (Pv/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2+w/1000*x/2*(L-x) My = 2.44 ft-kips My = (Ph/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2 Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Simple-Span: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981) e= 6.000 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) at = 21.662 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi Mt = 0.29 ft-kips Mt = Ph*e*at/(2*(d-tf))*TANH(L*12/(2*at))/12 X-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: fbx = 7.56 ksi Lb/rt = 163.20 Fbx = 17.72 ksi

fbx = Mx/Sx Lb/rt = Lb*12/rt Fbx = 12000*Cb/(Lb*12*(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy

fbx <= Fbx, O.K.

(continued)

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.6

Y-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: fby = 5.14 ksi fwns = 1.21 ksi fby(total) = 6.35 ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi

fby = My/Sy fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) fby(total) = fby+fwns Fby = 0.75*Fy

fby <= Fby, O.K.

Combined Stress Ratio for Simple-Span: S.R. = 0.662 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby

S.R. <= 1.0, O.K.

Vertical Deflection for Simple-Span: Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) D(max) = 0.1412 in. D(max) = Pv/2*(L-S)/2/(24*E*I)*(3*L^2-4*((L-S)/2)^2)+5*w/12000*L^4/(384*E*I) D(ratio) = L/1445 D(ratio) = L*12/D(max) D(allow) = 0.4533 in. D(allow) = L*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K. Bending Moments for Overhang: Mx = 19.65 ft-kips My = 1.58 ft-kips

Mx = (Pv/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S))+w/1000*Lo^2/2 My = (Ph/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S))

Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Overhang: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981) e= 6.000 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) at = 21.662 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi Mt = 0.57 ft-kips Mt = Ph*e*at/(d-tf)*TANH(Lo*12/at)/12 X-axis Stresses for Overhang: fbx = 4.66 ksi Lbo/rt = 110.40 Fbx = 21.60 ksi Y-axis Stresses for Overhang: fby = 3.32 ksi fwns = 2.42 ksi fby(total) = 5.74 ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi

fbx = Mx/Sx Lbo/rt = Lbo*12/rt Fbx = 12000*Cbo/(Lbo*12*(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy

fbx <= Fbx, O.K.

fby = My/Sy fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) fby(total) = fby+fwns Fby = 0.75*Fy

fby <= Fby, O.K.

Combined Stress Ratio for Overhang: S.R. = 0.428 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby Vertical Deflection for Overhang: Pv = 6.500 kips D(max) = 0.0715 in. D(ratio) = L/503 D(allow) = 0.0800 in.

S.R. <= 1.0, O.K.

(assuming full design load, Pv without impact, at end of overhang) Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) D(max) = Pv*Lo^2*(L+Lo)/(3*E*I)+w/12000*Lo*(4*Lo^2*L-L^3+3*Lo^3)/(24*E*I) D(ratio) = Lo*12/D(max) D(allow) = Lo*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K.

Bottom Flange Bending (simplified): be = 7.908 in. Min. of: be = 12*tf or S*12 (effective flange bending length) tf2 = 0.859 in. tf2 = tf+(bf/2-tw/2)/2*(1/6) (flange thk. at web based on 1:6 slope of flange) am = 1.818 in. am = (bf/2-tw/2)-(k-tf2) (where: k-tf2 = radius of fillet) Mf = 3.363 in.-kips Mf = Pw*am Sf = 0.572 in.^3 Sf = be*tf^2/6 fb = 5.88 ksi fb = Mf/Sf Fb = 27.00 ksi Fb = 0.75*Fy fb <= Fb, O.K.
(continued)

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.6

Bottom Flange Bending per CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004): Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 0: sxo = sxo = Cxo*Pw/ta^2 -6.46 ksi szo = szo = Czo*Pw/ta^2 1.25 ksi Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 1: sx1 = sx1 = Cx1*Pw/ta^2 4.56 ksi sz1 = sz1 = Cz1*Pw/ta^2 14.82 ksi Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 2: sx2 = sx2 = -sxo 6.46 ksi sz2 = sz2 = -szo -1.25 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 0: sz = 13.65 ksi sx = -4.85 ksi txz = 0.00 ksi sto = 16.61 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 1: sz = 23.82 ksi sx = 3.42 ksi txz = 0.00 ksi st1 = 22.30 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 2: sz = 11.76 ksi sx = 4.85 ksi txz = 0.00 ksi st2 = 10.24 ksi

(Note: torsion is neglected) (Sign convention: + = tension, - = compression)

S-shape Trolley Wheel

Pw

Pw

sz = fbx+fby+0.75*szo sx = 0.75*sxo txz = 0 (assumed negligible) sto = SQRT(sx^2+sz^2-sx*sz+3*txz^2)

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

sz = fbx+fby+0.75*sz1 sx = 0.75*sx1 txz = 0 (assumed negligible) st1 = SQRT(sx^2+sz^2-sx*sz+3*txz^2)

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

sz = fbx+fby+0.75*sz2 sx = 0.75*sx2 txz = 0 (assumed negligible) st2 = SQRT(sx^2+sz^2-sx*sz+3*txz^2) Y

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

tw X Pw Z Pw

tf

Point 2 Point 0

Point 1

bf/4 bf

ta

tw/2

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"MONORAIL.xls" Program Version 1.6

MONORAIL BEAM ANALYSIS

For W-shaped Underhung Monorails Analyzed as Simple-Spans with / without Overhang Per AISC 9th Edition ASD Manual and CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004) Job Name: Subject: Job Number: Originator: Checker: Input:
RL(min)=-0.73

Monorail Size: Select: Design Parameters: Beam Fy = Beam Simple-Span, L = Unbraced Length, Lb = Bending Coef., Cb = Overhang Length, Lo = Unbraced Length, Lbo = Bending Coef., Cbo = Lifted Load, P = Trolley Weight, Wt = Hoist Weight, Wh = Vert. Impact Factor, Vi = Horz. Load Factor, HLF = Total No. Wheels, Nw = Wheel Spacing, S = Distance on Flange, a = Results: Parameters and Coefficients: Pv = 7.400 kips Pw = 1.850 kips/wheel Ph = 0.600 kips ta = 0.640 in. l= 0.097 Cxo = -1.903 Cx1 = 0.535 Czo = 0.192 Cz1 = 2.319 W12x50 36 17.0000 17.0000 1.00 3.0000 11.5000 1.00 6.000 0.400 0.100 15 10 4 0.7500 0.3750
ksi ft. ft.

L=17 x=8.313 S=0.75

RR(max)=9.13 Lo=3

W12x50 Pv=7.4

ft. ft. kips kips kips

Nomenclature W12x50 Member Properties: 14.60 in.^2 d/Af = 2.36 12.200 in. Ix = 391.00 0.370 in. Sx = 64.20 8.080 in. Iy = 56.30 0.640 in. Sy = 13.90 1.140 in. J= 1.710 2.170 in. Cw = 1880.0

% %
ft. in.

A= d= tw = bf = tf = k= rt =

in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^3 in.^4 in.^6

Support Reactions: (with overhang) RR(max) = 9.13 = Pv*(L+(Lo-S/2))/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L+Lo)^2 RL(min) = -0.73 = -Pv*(Lo-S/2)/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L^2-Lo^2) Pv = P*(1+Vi/100)+Wt+Wh (vertical load) Pw = Pv/Nw (load per trolley wheel) Ph = HLF*P (horizontal load) ta = tf (for W-shape) l = 2*a/(bf-tw) Cxo = -2.110+1.977*l+0.0076*e^(6.53*l) Cx1 = 10.108-7.408*l-10.108*e^(-1.364*l) Czo = 0.050-0.580*l+0.148*e^(3.015*l) Cz1 = 2.230-1.490*l+1.390*e^(-18.33*l)

Bending Moments for Simple-Span: x= 8.313 ft. x = 1/2*(L-S/2) (location of max. moments from left end of simple-span) Mx = 31.88 ft-kips Mx = (Pv/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2+w/1000*x/2*(L-x) My = 2.44 ft-kips My = (Ph/2)/(2*L)*(L-S/2)^2 Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Simple-Span: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981) e= 6.100 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) at = 53.354 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi Mt = 0.67 ft-kips Mt = Ph*e*at/(2*(d-tf))*TANH(L*12/(2*at))/12 X-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: fbx = 5.96 ksi Lb/rt = 94.01 Fbx = 21.60 ksi

fbx = Mx/Sx Lb/rt = Lb*12/rt Fbx = 12000*Cb/(Lb*12*(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy

fbx <= Fbx, O.K.

(continued)

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Y-axis Stresses for Simple-Span: fby = 2.11 ksi fwns = 1.16 ksi fby(total) = 3.27 ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi

fby = My/Sy fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) fby(total) = fby+fwns Fby = 0.75*Fy

fby <= Fby, O.K.

Combined Stress Ratio for Simple-Span: S.R. = 0.397 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby

S.R. <= 1.0, O.K.

Vertical Deflection for Simple-Span: Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) D(max) = 0.1094 in. D(max) = Pv/2*(L-S)/2/(24*E*I)*(3*L^2-4*((L-S)/2)^2)+5*w/12000*L^4/(384*E*I) D(ratio) = L/1865 D(ratio) = L*12/D(max) D(allow) = 0.4533 in. D(allow) = L*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K. Bending Moments for Overhang: Mx = 19.65 ft-kips My = 1.58 ft-kips

Mx = (Pv/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S))+w/1000*Lo^2/2 My = (Ph/2)*(Lo+(Lo-S))

Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Overhang: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981) e= 6.100 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange) at = 53.354 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi Mt = 1.41 ft-kips Mt = Ph*e*at/(d-tf)*TANH(Lo*12/at)/12 X-axis Stresses for Overhang: fbx = 3.67 ksi Lbo/rt = 63.59 Fbx = 21.60 ksi Y-axis Stresses for Overhang: fby = 1.36 ksi fwns = 2.43 ksi fby(total) = 3.79 ksi Fby = 27.00 ksi

fbx = Mx/Sx Lbo/rt = Lbo*12/rt Fbx = 12000*Cbo/(Lbo*12*(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy

fbx <= Fbx, O.K.

fby = My/Sy fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress) fby(total) = fby+fwns Fby = 0.75*Fy

fby <= Fby, O.K.

Combined Stress Ratio for Overhang: S.R. = 0.310 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby Vertical Deflection for Overhang: Pv = 6.500 kips D(max) = 0.0554 in. D(ratio) = L/650 D(allow) = 0.0800 in.

S.R. <= 1.0, O.K.

(assuming full design load, Pv without impact, at end of overhang) Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact) D(max) = Pv*Lo^2*(L+Lo)/(3*E*I)+w/12000*Lo*(4*Lo^2*L-L^3+3*Lo^3)/(24*E*I) D(ratio) = Lo*12/D(max) D(allow) = Lo*12/450 Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow), O.K.

Bottom Flange Bending (simplified): be = 7.680 in. Min. of: be = 12*tf or S*12 (effective flange bending length) am = 3.355 in. am = (bf/2-tw/2)-(k-tf) (where: k-tf = radius of fillet) Mf = 6.207 in.-kips Mf = Pw*am Sf = 0.524 in.^3 Sf = be*tf^2/6 fb = 11.84 ksi fb = Mf/Sf Fb = 27.00 ksi Fb = 0.75*Fy fb <= Fb, O.K.

(continued)

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Bottom Flange Bending per CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004): Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 0: sxo = sxo = Cxo*Pw/ta^2 -8.60 ksi szo = szo = Czo*Pw/ta^2 0.87 ksi Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 1: sx1 = sx1 = Cx1*Pw/ta^2 2.42 ksi sz1 = sz1 = Cz1*Pw/ta^2 10.47 ksi Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 2: sx2 = sx2 = -sxo 8.60 ksi sz2 = sz2 = -szo -0.87 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 0: sz = 8.72 ksi sx = -6.45 ksi txz = 0.00 ksi sto = 13.18 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 1: sz = 15.92 ksi sx = 1.81 ksi txz = 0.00 ksi st1 = 15.09 ksi Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 2: sz = 7.41 ksi sx = 6.45 ksi txz = 0.00 ksi st2 = 6.98 ksi

(Note: torsion is neglected) (Sign convention: + = tension, - = compression)

sz = fbx+fby+0.75*szo sx = 0.75*sxo txz = 0 (assumed negligible) sto = SQRT(sx^2+sz^2-sx*sz+3*txz^2)

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

sz = fbx+fby+0.75*sz1 sx = 0.75*sx1 txz = 0 (assumed negligible) st1 = SQRT(sx^2+sz^2-sx*sz+3*txz^2)

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

sz = fbx+fby+0.75*sz2 sx = 0.75*sx2 txz = 0 (assumed negligible) st2 = SQRT(sx^2+sz^2-sx*sz+3*txz^2) Y

<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.

tw Pw Z Point 2 X Pw

Point 0 Point 1 bf

tf

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