SEMINAR

TOPIC

PRESENTED BY:
RAJAN
KUMAR
8th
SEM(ENTC-A)
REGD.
03/27/09 1
 OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS VOIP?
HISTORY
PSTN Vs. VOIP
MODES OF OPERATION OF VOIP
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VOIP
HOW VOIP WORKS?
ADVANTAGES
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 INTRODUCTION
Ø The traditional method used for
transmitting voice is PSTN.

Ø Now more and more communication

is done in digital format and
transported via data networks such
as internet.

Ø As data traffic is much faster than

telephone traffic, so we prefer to
send voice over data networks.
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 WHAT IS VOIP?
ØVoice Over Internet protocol
(VoIP) is a protocol used for the
transmission of voice and fax phone
calls through the Internet or other
packet-switched networks.

ØIt is also called IP telephony,

Internet telephony, voice over
broadband, broadband
telephony.
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 HISTORY OF VOIP

• The commercial Voipsoftware

was introduced in 1995 by
Vocaltec.
ØDesigned for home PC
ØUses H.323 Protocol

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PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE
NETWORK
• POTS (Analog Telephony)
It stands for Plain Old Telephone
Service.
ØDedicated link between partners
ØReserved bandwidth

• ISDN (Digital Telephony)

It stands for Integrated Services Digital
Network.

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ØOn each link a channel is 6
 Analog Digital
Telephony Telephony

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 PSTN vs. INTERNET
PSTN INTERNET
• Voice networks use • Data network use
circuit switching. packet switching.
• Dedicated path • No dedicated path
between calling and between sender and
Called party. receiver.
• Bandwidth is reserved • It acquires and
in advance. releases bandwidth, as
• Cost is based on it is needed.
distance and time. • Cost is not
dependent on time
and distance.
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 CIRCUIT PACKET
SWITCHING SWITCHING

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 MODES OF
OPERATION
vPC to PC
vPC to Phone
vPhone to Phone

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03/27/09 12
03/27/09 13
 VOIP: BASIC TECHNIQUES

qAudio Codecs
qData Transport (RTP, RTCP)
qAddressing
qSignaling (SIP, H.323)
 

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 AUDIO CODECS:
vHere analog signal is converted into
digital data.
Three popular audio codecs :-
G.711
G.723.1
G.729
vImplemented using voice coders:
Since voice contains lot of data, it is
compressed by Vocoders without
compromising the reliability and quality of
voice signal.
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• Translation of analog signal to digital
signal

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 DATA TRANSPORT (RTP, RTCP)

RTP
• It stands for Realtime Transport
Protocol.
• Application layer protocol for
transmitting real time data
(audio, video, ...)
• Includes payload type
identification, sequence
numbering, time stamping,
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 RTCP
• It stands for Realtime Transport
Control Protocol.
• Main functions:
–support for multi-point
communication
–Periodic transmission of control
packets to all participants in the
session.
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 ADDRESSING

• Here phone no. is converted to

an IP address.

• Simple format addresing:

<user | phone number>@<domain |
hostname | IP address>

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 SIGNALING
• Signaling in VOIP is needed for :
ØLocating partners.
ØAgreeing on port numbers for
RTP /
RTCP sessions.
Øagreeing on coding / decoding
procedures.

• Types of Signaling Protocols:

H.323
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 H.323
• Recommendation published by
ITU in 1996.

• It is designed to act above

transport layer and is mainly used
for transmission of voice, data
and video conferencing over
packet networks.

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 SIP
• SIP stands for Session Initiation
Protocol.
• Developed by IETF since 1999.

• It is an text-based application-layer
control protocol for creating,
modifying and terminating sessions
with one or more participants.

• Sessions include Internet

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 How VoIP Works?

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 ADVANTAGES:
• Cheaper call rates
• Simplification
• High efficiency
• Calling person need not
necessary to receive call.
• Better Voice Quality Using
Wideband Codecs
• Adding new features and
applications over time is easy.
• Integration of voice, data, fax, video
is possible.
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03/27/09 25
 LIMITATIONS
qPacket Delay
qPacket Loss (no guarantee of delivering
packets)
qJitter (variable delay)

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 APPLICATONS
• Real time applications:
Ø Telephony ( two-way)
Ø Radio-TV Broadcast (one-way)
• Non-real time applications:
Ø e_mail
OTHERS:
• Integration of data,voice and fax
• Video telephony
• Enhanced teleconferencing
• Used in Amateur Radio
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 COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS
1: VONAGE
• founded in January 2001
• about 130,000 customers

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2: AT&T
AT&T is rapidly evolving
from a company that
handles mostly long-
distance voice calls to a
company that provides
data and voice
communications over any
distance.

3: INODE
4:TELEKOM AUSTRIA

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 CONCLUSION
● Like everything else, as the technology
changes so at first only a few companies like
Cisco and Lucent offered VoIP services, but the
large telecommunications carriers – such as
AT&T and Sprint -- are catching on .

● VoIP is predominately used for personal

instead of enterprise-wide use.
●
The availability of high-quality audio
using wideband codecs, video
conferencing, and document sharing
enables more effective and pleasant
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• ELECTRONICS FOR YOU(VOLUME-37)
• VoipFundamentals By Jonathan Davidson
• www.bestneo.com
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.howstuffworks.com
• www.cisco.com
• www.seminartopics.com
• www.quintum.com
• www.tech-faq.com

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 THANK U…

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 QUERIES?

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