Ex.

No:3

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Date: AIM To conduct a load test on DC Shunt motor and to obtain the load characteristics a) Output power Vs Efficiency b) Output power Vs Speed c) Output power Vs Torque d) Speed Vs Torque. APPARATUS REQUIRED SL.No 1. 2. 3. 4. Apparatus Name Ammeter Voltmeter Rheostat Tachometer Type PMMC PMMC Range (0-15A) (0-300V) 250,2A Quantity 1 1 1 1

PRECAUTIONS 1. DPST Switch should be in open position. 2. The field regulating rheostat should be in minimum position. 3. Belt on brake drum in loose position (i.e.) Motor should be at No-load. PROCEDURE For Load Test 1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the DC power supply. 3. Close the DPST switch and start the motor using 3-Point starter. 4. The field rheostat of the motor was adjusted such that the Motor runs at its rated speed. 5. Note down the No-load reading. 6. The load was increased in steps by adjusting the tension in the belt over brake drum and the corresponding readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter and speed was noted, the loading was done till the rated current was achieved.

7. After taking all sets of readings, the load was brought to the No-load condition and the rheostat was brought to the initial position and then switch off the DC supply. 8. Now calculations were done and the Performance characteristics were drawn.

TABULATION For Load Test S.No Input Voltage VL (V) Line Current IL (A) Load (Kg) S1 S2 S1- S2 (Kg) Speed N (rpm) Torque T (N-m) Output Power PO (w) Input Power Pi (W) Efficiency (%)

Model Calculation Circumference of the brake drum (2r) = _______ * 10-2 m. Radius of the brake drum (r) = ________* 10-2 m. Speed (N) = _________ rpm. Line Current IL = ______ A. Input (or) Line Voltage VL = _______ V. Input Power (Pi) = VL * IL = _______ W. Load = S1 - S2 = _______ Kg. Torque (T) = 9.81 * (S1 - S2) * r = _________ N-m. Output Power (Po) = (2NT)/60 = _________ W.

% Efficiency () = (Output power / Input power) * 100 = ______ %.

Model Graph

Speed N (rpm) Efficienc y (%) Torque T (N-m)

N T
Output Power Po (W)

S pe ed N (r p m )

(N Vs T)

Torque T (N-m)

RESULT Thus the Load test was performed in DC Shunt motor and its performance characteristics like a) Output power Vs Efficiency b) Output power Vs Speed

c) Output power Vs Torque d) Speed Vs Torque was plotted. The Maximum efficiency of the DC shunt motor was _____ %.

Ex.No:4

SWINBURNES TEST
Date: AIM To perform Swinburnes test on the given D.C shunt machine and to Predetermine the efficiency of the machine while running as (i) Generator and (ii) Motor. APPARATUS REQUIRED SL.No Apparatus Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ammeter Voltmeter Rheostat Resistive load Tachometer Type PMMC PMMC 1 Range (0-2A) (0-10A) (0-300V) (0-30V) 250,2A 230 V,3KW Quantity 1 each 1 each 1 1 1

PRECAUTIONS 1. 2. 3. DPST Switch should be in open position. Motor side field regulating rheostat should be in minimum position. Belt on brake drum in loose position (i.e.) Motor should be at No-load.

PROCEDURE

For No-Load Test 1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the DC power supply and Close the DPST switch and start the motor using 3-Point starter. 3. Adjust the field rheostat of the motor to run at rated speed. 4. Note down the No-load reading. For Measurement of Ra 1) 2) 3) 4) Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. Switch on the DC power supply and close the DPST switch. Apply the load in steps and note down the corresponding readings. By using the formula, the armature resistance was found. R a = V a / Ia TABULATION For No-Load Test SL.No No-Load Armature Current Iao (A) Field Current If (A) No-Load Voltage Vo (V) Speed N (rpm)

For Measurement of Ra S.No Armature Voltage Va (V) Armature Current Ia (A) Armature Resistance R a = V a / Ia ()

Mean Ra = For PREDETERMINATION OF AS MOTOR SL.No Field Current No-Load Armature Line Current Armature Current

---------

Arm.Cu.loss Output Input Ia2Ra Power Power

Efficiency

Ish (A)

Current Iao (A)

IL (A)

Ia = IL- Ish (A)

(W)

PO(W)

Pi (W)

(%)

For PREDETERMINATION OF AS GENERATOR SL.No Field Current Ish (A) No-Load Armature Current Iao (A) Line Current IL (A) Armature Current Ia = IL+ Ish (A) Arm.Cu.loss Output Input Ia2Ra Power Power (W) PO(W) Pi (W) Efficiency (%)

Model Calculation From No-Load Test No-Load input power = VO * ILO = Total Losses = __________ W. Total Loss = Armature Cu. Loss + constant loss = _________ W. Constant Loss WC = Total loss No load Arm.Cu.loss = _________ W. PREDETERMINATION OF AS MOTOR IL = ___ A; Ish = ____ A. Armature Current Ia = IL- Ish = ______ A. Arm.Cu.loss = Ia2Ra = ____ W. Input Power Pi = VO * ILO = _____ W. Output Power PO = Input Power Total losses = ______ W. Total Loss = Arm.Cu loss + Constant loss = ____ W. % Efficiency = (Output power / Input power) * 100 = _____%. PREDETERMINATION OF AS GENERATOR

IL = ___ A; Ish = ____ A. Armature Current Ia = IL+ Ish = ______ A. Arm.Cu.loss = Ia2Ra = ____ W. Input Power Pi = Motor Input Power + Arm.Cu loss + Constant loss = _____ W. Output Power PO = VO * ILO = ______ W. % Efficiency = (Output power / Input power) * 100 = _____%.

Model Graph For Motor

Effi cie ncy (%)

Output Power Po (W)

For Generator

Effi cie ncy (%)

to its initi al pos itio n and swi RESULT tch off Thus the swinburnes test is conducted on a DC Shunt machine and its efficiency was the predetermined while it is operating as i) Motor and ii) Generator and the constant loss of the machine was Dc found WC = _____ W and the characteristics curve was plotted. sup ply. at'f Ex.No:5 arm SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR atur Date: e volt AIM age the corrTo obtain the speed control characteristics of DC Shunt motor by i) Field Control method and ii) Armature Control method. esp ond APPARATUS REQUIRED ing rea din SL.No Apparatus Name Type Range Quantity gs 1. Ammeter PMMC (0-2A) 1 each of (0-10A) am 2. Voltmeter PMMC (0-300V) 1each met (0-30V) ar 3. Rheostat 250,2A 1each eth 150,5A od. 4. Tachometer 1

PRECAUTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. DPST Switch should be in open position. Motor side field regulating rheostat should be in minimum position. Armature side regulating rheostat should be in maximum position. Belt on brake drum in loose position (i.e.) Motor should be at No-load.

PROCEDURE For Field Control Method 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the DC Power supply and close the DPST switch. 3. Start the motor using 3-point starter and adjust the field rheostat to run the motor at its rated speed. 4. Decrease the Armature circuit rheostat gradually and bring the motor armature Voltage (Va) to a Constant Value. 5. Now Note-down the readings, and then increase the field rheostat in steps, for each value of the field current the corresponding readings of ammeter and speed were noted. 6. After taking different sets of readings, the rheostats were brought to the initial position. 7. Switch off the DC power supply.

For Armature Control Method 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the DC Power supply and close the DPST switch. 3. Start the motor using 3-point starter. 4. Motor field rheostat was adjusted till the motor runs at its rated speed. 5. Note down the field current and keep it as the constant field current. 6. Now note down the corresponding Voltmeter, Ammeter readings and speed also noted. 7. The armature rheostat was varied in steps, for each value of armature voltage the corresponding readings of ammeter, voltmeter and speed were noted. 8. After taking all sets of readings bring back the rheostats to its initial position and switch off the Dc supply. For Measurement of Ra

1) 2) 3) 4)

Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. Switch on the DC power supply and close the DPST switch. Apply the load in steps and note down the corresponding readings. By using the formula, the armature resistance was found. R a = V a / Ia

TABULATION For Field Control Method Armature Voltage Va = V S.No Field Armature Speed Current Current N If (A) Ia (A) (rpm) Armature Voltage Va = Field Armature Current Current If (A) Ia (A) V Speed N (rpm)

For Armature Control Method Field Current If = A S.No Armature Armature Speed Back EMF Current Voltage N Eb = Va-IaRa Ia (A) Va (V) (rpm) (V)

Armature Current Ia (A)

Field Current If = A Armature Speed Voltage N Back EMF Va (V) (rpm) Eb = Va-IaRa (V)

For Measurement of Ra S.No Armature Voltage Va (V) Armature Current Ia (A) Armature Resistance Ra = Va / Ia ()

Mean Ra = MODEL GRAPH

---------

For Field Control

For Armature Control If1 If2 Spe ed N (rp m)

RESULT Thus the Field Control and Armature Control Methods of Speed Control were practiced on DC Shunt Motor and Speed control characteristics are plotted.

Ex.No:6 Date: AIM

To conduct a load test on DC Series motor and to obtain the load characteristics like a) Output power Vs Efficiency. b) Output power Vs Speed. c) Output power Vs Torque. d) Output power Vs Load Current.

Spe ed N (rp m)

Va1 Va2 Field Current If (A)

Back EMF Eb (V)

LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

e) Speed Vs Torque. APPARATUS REQUIRED SL.No 1. 2. 3. Apparatus Name Ammeter Voltmeter Tachometer Type PMMC PMMC Range (0-15A) (0-300V) Quantity 1 1 1

PRECAUTIONS 1. 2. 3. Starter should be in OFF position before switching ON the supply. DPST Switch should be in open position. There should be some load applied on the brake drum at the time of starting.

PROCEDURE 1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Observe the precaution and Switch on the DC power supply. 3. With some load on the brake drum start the motor using Starter. 4. Vary the load for armature current upto rated current and note down the corresponding readings of the Voltmeter, Ammeter, load and speed. 5. After taking all sets of readings switch off the DC supply. 8. Now calculations were done and the Performance characteristics were drawn.

TABULATION S.No Input Voltage VL (V) Line Current IL (A) Load (Kg) S1- S2 (Kg) Speed N (rpm) Torque T (N-m) Output Power PO (w) Input Power Pi (W) Efficiency (%)

S1

S2

Model Calculation Circumference of the brake drum (2r) = _______ * 10-2 m. Radius of the brake drum (r) = ________* 10-2 m. Speed (N) = _________ rpm. Line Current IL = ______ A. Input (or) Line Voltage VL = _______ V. Input Power (Pi) = VL * IL = _______ W. Load = S1 - S2 = _______ Kg. Torque (T) = 9.81 * (S1 - S2) * r = _________ N-m. Output Power (Po) = (2NT)/60 = _________ W. % Efficiency () = (Output power / Input power) * 100 = ______ %.

Model Graph

Speed N (rpm) Efficiency (%) Torque T (N-m) Load current IL (A)

IL

N T
Output Power Po (W)

S pe ed N (r p m )

(N Vs T)

Torque T (N-m)

RESULT Thus the Load test was performed in DC Series motor and its performance characteristics like a) Output power Vs Efficiency. b) Output power Vs Speed. c) Output power Vs Torque. d) Output power Vs Load current. e) Speed Vs Torque was plotted. The Maximum efficiency of the DC series motor was _____ %.

Ex.No:2

Date:

OPEN CIRCUIT AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF SEPARATELY-EXCITED DC GENERATOR

AIM To obtain the open circuit and Load characteristics of a separately-excited DC Generator. APPARATUS REQUIRED SL.No Apparatus Name 1. Ammeter 2. 3. 4. 5. Voltmeter Rheostat Tachometer Resistive load Type PMMC PMMC 1 Range (0-10A) (0-2A) (0-300V) (0-30V) 250,2A 230 V,3KW Quantity 1 each 1 each 3 1 1

PREACAUTIONS 1. DPST switch should be in open position. 2. Motor side regulating rheostat should be in minimum position. 3. Generator side regulating rheostat should be in maximum position. PROCEDURE For OCC test 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. Switch on the DC power supply. Close the DPST switch (1) and start the motor using 3-Point starter. The field rheostat of the motor was adjusted such that the Motor-Generator set runs at its rated speed. Now note down the residual voltage of generator using Voltmeter. Vary the field rheostat of the generator and note down the corresponding readings of Ammeter and Voltmeter. Repeat the step 6 till the built up voltage is 10% greater than the rated voltage. Ensure that speed of the generator is maintained at constant speed for all readings.

For Load Test 1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Switch on the DC power supply. Close the DPST switch (1) and start the motor using 3-Point starter. The field rheostat of the motor was adjusted such that the Motor-Generator set runs at its rated speed. Note down the No-Load reading from ammeter and voltmeter. Now Close the DPST switch (2) and increase the load in steps while the speed was maintained constant and the corresponding ammeter, voltmeter readings were noted. The generator was loaded upto the rated load current and then the Load and rheostats were brought to the initial position and the supply was switched off. Now from the readings the load characteristics were plotted.

For Measurement of Ra 1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the DC power supply and close the DPST switch. 3. Apply the load in steps and note down the corresponding readings. 4. By using the formula, the armature resistance was found. R a = V a / Ia TABULATION For OCC test S.No Field Current If (A) Generated Voltage Eg (V) Speed N (rpm)

For Load Test S.No Load Current IL (A) Terminal Voltage VL (V) Field Current If (A) Armature Current Ia = IL (A) Speed N (rpm) Generated Voltage Eg = V+IaRa (V)

For Measurement of Ra

S.No

Armature Voltage Armature Current Va (V) Ia (A)

Armature Resistance Ra = Va / Ia ()

Mean Ra =

---------

Model Calculation For OCC test Residual Voltage = ----------- V Critical Resistances Rc = V / I (From the Graph) For Load Test Load Current (IL) = ---------- A. Terminal Voltage VL (V) = ---------- V. Field Current (IF) = ---------- A. Armature Current (Ia) = Ia = IL = ---------- A. Generated Voltage (Eg) = V+IaRa = ---------- V.

Model Graph

OCC

Load Characteristics

V I

Field Current IF (A)

Generate d Voltage Eg & Terminal Voltage VL (V)

(Eg Vs Ia) (VL Vs IL)

Load Current IL (A) & Armature Current Ia (A)

RESULT Thus the No-Load/Open circuit and Load characteristics of separately excited DC Generator was performed and the following results were obtained i) The value of Residual voltage = ------------------ V at rated speed. ii) The critical resistance value Rc = ---------------- . And the OCC and Load characteristics are obtained and plotted.

Load Test on Single - Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

Aim: To conduct the load test on single phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw the performance characteristics curves. NAME PLATE DETAILS: 1 Induction Motor Auto Transformer

Fuse Rating: 125% of rated current (Full load current) Apparatus required: S.No Name of the Apparatus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ammeter voltmeter Capacitor Wattmeter Tachometer Type Range qty 1 1 1 1 1

MI (O-20)A MI (0-300)v Electrolytic 440V/20Mfd UPF (300V,10A) -

Formulae used: 1. Torque

2. Output power 3. Input power 4. Percentage of efficiency 5. Percentage of slip

= (S1S2) (R+t/2) x 9, 81 N-m. i. S1, S2 spring balance readings in Kg. ii. R Radius of the brake d5rum in m. iii. T Thickness of the belt in m. = 2NT/60 Watts i. N Rotor speed in rpm. ii. T Torque in N-m. =W i. W Wattmeter readings in watts. = (Output power/Input power) x 100% = (Ns N)/Ns x 100% i. Ns Synchronous speed in rpm. ii. N Speed of the motor in rpm.

6. Power factor (Cos )

= Input power/VLIL.

Circuit diagram for load test of 1 induction motor

A 300V, 10A, UPF

(0-20A) MI

Centrifugal switch
TS1 TS2

P D P S T S w i t c h

~
B

20F

230 V, 50Hz, 1, AC Supply

~
C

(0-300V) MI

R1

S1

R
R2 S2

N 1, Autotransformer 230V/(0-270V)

BREAK DRUM

R1, R2 running winding S1, S2 Starting winding TS1, TS2 Spring balance Reading

Precaution: i. The autotransformer should be kept at minimum voltage position ii. The motor is started without any load Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Note down the name plate details of motor. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. The DPSTS is closed and the autotransformer is adjusted to obtain the rated speed. At no load the speed, current, voltage and power are noted. By applying the load, for various values of current the above-mentioned readings are noted. 6. The load is later released and the motor is switched off and the graph is drawn. Tabulation for load test on single phase squirrel cage induction motor Multiplication factor: ..
S . n o Load current (IL) Amps Load voltage (VL) Volts Input power (W)
Observ ed Actu al

Speed of the motor (N) rpm

Spring balance reading

S1 S2 S1~ S2

Torque (T) (s1~s2) (R+t/2) (9.81) N-m

Output power 2NT/60 Watts

Efficiency () o/p / i/p x 100 %

Slip (S) (Ns-N) / Ns x 100 %

Watts

Wat ts

Power factor (cos) i/p / VL I L

Kg

Kg

Kg

Observation: Circumference of the brake drum = Thickness of the belt = Model graph: The graph drawn for i. Output power Vs speed ii. Output power Vs line current iii. Output power Vs Torque iv. Output power Vs power factor v. Output power Vs Efficiency vi. Output power Vs %slip. Mechanical Characteristics
Speed in rpm

Torque Vs Speed

Torque in N-m

Electrical Characteristics

Cos N in rpm

T in N-m IL

Slip % T in N-m N in rpm Cos

Out put Power in Watts MODEL CALCULATION: RESULT: INFERENCE: The maximum efficiency of the induction motor

Load Test on Three - Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

Aim: To conduct the load test on three phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw the performance characteristics curves. Name plate details: 3 Induction Motor Fuse rating: 125% of rated current (Full load current) Apparatus required: S.No 1. 2. 3 4 Name of the Apparatus Ammeter voltmeter Wattmeter Tachometer Type MI MI UPF Range (O-10)A (0-600)v (500V,10A) qty 1 1 2 1 Auto Transformer

Formulae used: 1. Torque = (S1S2) (R+t/2) x 9, 81 N-m. S1, S2 spring balance readings in Kg. R Radius of the brake d5rum in m. T Thickness of the belt in m. = 2NT/60 Watts N Rotor speed in rpm. T Torque in N-m. = (W1+W2) Watts W1, W2 Wattmeter readings in watts. = (Output power/Input power) x 100% = (Ns N)/Ns x 100% Ns Synchronous speed in rpm. N Speed of the motor in rpm. = (W1+W2)/3 VLIL.

2. Output power 3. Input power 4. Percentage of efficiency 5. Percentage of slip 6. Power factor (cos ) PRECAUTION: i.

The motor should be started without any load

PROCEDURE: 1. 2. 3. starter to run at rated speed. 4. 5. mentioned readings are noted. 6. graph is drawn. OBSERVATION: Circumference of the brake drum = Thickness of the belt = MODELGRAPH: The load is later released and the motor is switched off and the At no load the speed, current, voltage and power are noted. By applying the load, for various values of current the aboveNote down the name plate details of motor. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. The TPSTS is closed and the motor is started using On Line

The graph drawn for vii. Output power Vs speed viii. Output power Vs line current ix. Output power vs. Torque x. Output power Vs power factor xi. Output power Vs Efficiency xii. Output power Vs %slip.

MODEL CALCULATION:

RESULT:

INFERENCE: The maximum efficiency of the induction motor.

TABULATION FOR LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR S.no Load current(IL ) amps Load Input power(W) voltage(VL) volts observed actual watts watts Speed of Spring the balance motor(N) reading rpm